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Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Gulej R, Nyul Toth A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Accelerated Aging Induced by an Unhealthy High-Fat Diet: Initial Evidence for the Role of Nrf2 Deficiency and Impaired Stress Resilience in Cellular Senescence. Nutrients 2024; 16:952. [PMID: 38612986 PMCID: PMC11013792 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have pervaded modern dietary habits, characterized by their excessive saturated fat content and low nutritional value. Epidemiological studies have compellingly linked HFD consumption to obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the synergistic interplay of HFD, obesity, and diabetes expedites the aging process and prematurely fosters age-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these associations remain enigmatic. One of the most conspicuous hallmarks of aging is the accumulation of highly inflammatory senescent cells, with mounting evidence implicating increased cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Our hypothesis posits that HFD consumption amplifies senescence burden across multiple organs. To scrutinize this hypothesis, we subjected mice to a 6-month HFD regimen, assessing senescence biomarker expression in the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. Aging is intrinsically linked to impaired cellular stress resilience, driven by dysfunction in Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective pathways that safeguard cells against oxidative stress-induced senescence. To ascertain whether Nrf2-mediated pathways shield against senescence induction in response to HFD consumption, we explored senescence burden in a novel model of aging: Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2+/-) mice, emulating the aging phenotype. Our initial findings unveiled significant Nrf2 dysfunction in Nrf2+/- mice, mirroring aging-related alterations. HFD led to substantial obesity, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin sensitivity in both Nrf2+/- and Nrf2+/+ mice. In control mice, HFD primarily heightened senescence burden in white adipose tissue, evidenced by increased Cdkn2a senescence biomarker expression. In Nrf2+/- mice, HFD elicited a significant surge in senescence burden across the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. We postulate that HFD-induced augmentation of senescence burden may be a pivotal contributor to accelerated organismal aging and the premature onset of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam Nyul Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhang J, Chen B, Zou K. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220570. [PMID: 36852401 PMCID: PMC9961969 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) has been proven to be an optional avenue in weight control. However, the impacts of KD on muscle strength and exercise endurance remain unclear. In this study, mice were randomly allocated to normal diet and KD groups to assess their exercise tolerance and transcriptomic changes of the gastrocnemius. KD suppressed body-weight and glucose levels and augmented blood ketone levels of mice. The total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyric acid levels were higher and triglycerides and aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in KD group. There was no notable difference in running distance/time and weight-bearing swimming time between the two groups. Furthermore, KD alleviated the protein levels of PGC-1α, p62, TnI FS, p-AMPKα, and p-Smad3, while advancing the LC3 II and TnI SS protein levels in the gastrocnemius tissues. RNA-sequencing found that 387 differentially expressed genes were filtered, and Cpt1b, Acadl, Eci2, Mlycd, Pdk4, Ptprc, C1qa, Emr1, Fcgr3, and Ctss were considered to be the hub genes. Our findings suggest that KD effectively reduced body weight but did not affect skeletal muscle strength and exercise endurance via AMPK/PGC-1α, Smad3, and p62/LC3 signaling pathways and these hub genes could be potential targets for muscle function in KD-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Police Physical Training, Zhejiang Police Collage, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ke Zou
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui, China
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da Cruz LL, Vesentini G, Sinzato YK, Villaverde AISB, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Effects of high-fat diet-induced diabetes on autophagy in the murine liver: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Life Sci 2022; 309:121012. [PMID: 36179817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) has the potential to alter the process of autophagy in the murine liver. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed with electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science). Study design, population, intervention, outcome, and risk of bias were analyzed. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis including 23 studies was performed. KEY FINDINGS The search found 5754 articles, with 48 matching the eligibility criteria, comprising of 1033 animals. The meta-analysis showed that diabetic murines fed with HFD presented an absence of p62 degradation (SMD 4.63, 95 % CI 2.02 to 7.24, p = 0.0005; I2 = 77 %), higher expression of p-mTOR/mTOR (SMD 5.20, 95 % CI 1.00 to 9.39, p = 0.01; I2 = 78 %), and a decreased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio (SMD -2.02, 95 % CI -3.96 to -0.09, p = 0.04; I2 = 85 %) when compared to nondiabetic murines. When associated with streptozotocin, the animals presented decreased ATG-7 and LC3-II. The meta-regression results showed a decrease in autophagy responses due to increased glycemic levels, fat content, and long-term exposure to HFD, and advanced animal age. The common and species-specific protein responses were also consistent with the inhibition of autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE The normal process of autophagy mechanisms in the liver is less competent after HFD consumption. The destabilization of (auto)phagolysosomes contributes to the perpetuation of diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lopes da Cruz
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil; Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Giovana Vesentini
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ana Izabel Silva Balbin Villaverde
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Metabolic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle: A Bright but Long Way to Go. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100888. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an atypical, dynamic and reversible O-glycosylation that is critical and abundant in metazoan. O-GlcNAcylation coordinates and receives various signaling inputs such as nutrients and stresses, thus spatiotemporally regulating the activity, stability, localization and interaction of target proteins to participate in cellular physiological functions. Our review discusses in depth the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial biogenesis. The complex interaction and precise modulation of O-GlcNAcylation in these nutritional pathways of skeletal muscle also provide emerging mechanical information on how nutrients affect health, exercise and disease. Meanwhile, we explored the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle pathology and focused on its benefits in maintaining proteostasis under atrophy. In general, these understandings of O-GlcNAcylation are conducive to providing new insights into skeletal muscle (patho) physiology.
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Wu P, Chen L, Cheng J, Pan Y, Zhu X, Chu W, Zhang J. Effect of starvation and refeeding on reactive oxygen species, autophagy and oxidative stress in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) muscle growth. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:168-178. [PMID: 35538670 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, autophagy regulates the development and growth of muscle fibres and maintains the normal muscle metabolism. Under starvation and refeeding conditions, the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on skeletal muscle autophagy is still unclear, although the excessive accumulation of ROS has been shown to increase autophagy in cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of starvation and diet after starvation on the autophagy of adult Chinese perch muscle, and to determine the level of ROS in the muscle. We performed zero (Normal control), three and seven starvation treatments on adult Chinese perch, and returned to normal feeding for 3 days after starvation for 7 days. In the muscles of the adult Chinese perch muscle after 3 days of starvation, the autophagy marker protein LC3 and the number of autophagosomes remained basically the same as in the normal feeding situation. However, on starvation for 7 days, the mitochondrial autophagy was sensitive and the number of autophagosomes increased, but the antioxidant-related molecules (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione and anti-superoxide anion) decreased and the accumulation of ROS was obvious. In addition, the extended starvation time also increased the level of LC3 protein. However, by refeeding after starvation this nutritional stress resulted in a decrease in ROS levels and a partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity. Our data show that in the adult Chinese perch muscle, starvation could reduce the antioxidant activity through the accumulation of ROS, and that the number of autophagosomes continues to increase. Refeeding after starvation could effectively compensate for the level of ROS, and restore the mRNA abundance of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce autophagy and improve feed efficiency. Further research should optimize starvation conditions to reduce autophagy in muscles and maintain normal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
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Salomão R, Neto IVDS, Ramos GV, Tibana RA, Durigan JQ, Pereira GB, Franco OL, Royer C, Neves FDAR, de Carvalho ACA, Nóbrega OT, Haddad R, Prestes J, Marqueti RDC. Paternal Resistance Exercise Modulates Skeletal Muscle Remodeling Pathways in Fathers and Male Offspring Submitted to a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706128. [PMID: 34646148 PMCID: PMC8503191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) adversely affects muscle extracellular matrix remodeling, the mechanisms involved in muscle trophism, inflammation, and adipogenesis have not been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on gene and protein expression/activity of critical factors involved in muscle inflammation and remodeling of fathers and offspring (offspring exposed to standard chow or HFD). Animals were randomly distributed to constitute sedentary fathers (SF; n = 7; did not perform RT) or trained fathers (TF n = 7; performed RT), with offspring from mating with sedentary females. After birth, 28 male pups were divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): offspring from sedentary father submitted either to control diet (SFO-C) or high-fat diet (SFO-HF) and offspring from trained father submitted to control diet (TFO-C) or high-fat diet (TFO-HF). Our results show that an HFD downregulated collagen mRNA levels and upregulated inflammatory and atrophy pathways and adipogenic transcription factor mRNA levels in offspring gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, paternal RT increased MMP-2 activity and decreased IL-6 levels in offspring exposed to a control diet. Paternal RT upregulated P70s6k and Ppara mRNA levels and downregulated Atrogin1 mRNA levels, while decreasing NFκ-B, IL-1β, and IL-8 protein levels in offspring exposed to an HFD. Paternal physical training influences key skeletal muscle remodeling pathways and inflammatory profiles relevant for muscle homeostasis maintenance in offspring submitted to different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Salomão
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFTM), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Interinstitutional Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences (UFSCar/UNESP), Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Graduate Program in Genomics Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carine Royer
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otávio Toledo Nóbrega
- Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Tropical Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Center for Tropical Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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7
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Moriggi M, Belloli S, Barbacini P, Murtaj V, Torretta E, Chaabane L, Canu T, Penati S, Malosio ML, Esposito A, Gelfi C, Moresco RM, Capitanio D. Skeletal Muscle Proteomic Profile Revealed Gender-Related Metabolic Responses in a Diet-Induced Obesity Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094680. [PMID: 33925229 PMCID: PMC8125379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, complex pathology associated with a risk of developing secondary pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and musculoskeletal disorders. Since skeletal muscle accounts for more than 70% of total glucose disposal, metabolic alterations are strictly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and T2DM. The present study relies on the proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle from 15 male and 15 female C56BL/J mice fed for 14 weeks with standard, 45% or 60% high-fat diets (HFD) adopting a label-free LC–MS/MS approach followed by bioinformatic pathway analysis. Results indicate changes in males due to HFD, with increased muscular stiffness (Col1a1, Col1a2, Actb), fiber-type switch from slow/oxidative to fast/glycolytic (decreased Myh7, Myl2, Myl3 and increased Myh2, Mylpf, Mybpc2, Myl1), increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased respiratory chain complex I and V and increased complex III subunits). At variance, females show few alterations and activation of compensatory mechanisms to counteract the increase of fatty acids. Bioinformatics analysis allows identifying upstream molecules involved in regulating pathways identified at variance in our analysis (Ppargc1a, Pparg, Cpt1b, Clpp, Tp53, Kdm5a, Hif1a). These findings underline the presence of a gender-specific response to be considered when approaching obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Linda Chaabane
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Tamara Canu
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Silvia Penati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
- Experimental Imaging Center, Radiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250330411
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8
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Yan X, Niu Q, Gao X, Shen S, He N, Wang H, Fang R, Gao Y, Chang H. Differential Protein Metabolism and Regeneration in Gastrocnemius Muscles in High-fat Diet Fed Mice and Pre-hibernation Daurian Ground Squirrels: A Comparison between Pathological and Healthy Obesity. Zool Stud 2021; 60:e6. [PMID: 34386092 PMCID: PMC8315926 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2021.60-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We focused on pathological obesity induced by excessive fat intake (nutritional obesity) in non-hibernator and healthy obesity due to pre-hibernation (PRE) fat storage in hibernator to study the effects of different types of obesity on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and cell regeneration. Kunming mice were fed with high-fat diet for 3 months to construct a pathological obesity model. Daurian ground squirrels fattened naturally before hibernation were used as a healthy obesity model. Body weight, adipose tissue wet weight, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber type distribution were measured. The protein expression levels related to protein degradation (MuRF-1, atrogin-1, calpain1, calpain2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin-1, LC3-II), protein synthesis (P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1, P-4E-BP1) and cell regeneration (MyoD, myogenin, myostatin) were detected by Western blot. As a result, the body weight and adipose tissue wet weight were both significantly increased in high fat obese (OB) mice and pre-hibernation fat (PRE) ground squirrels. The muscle wet weight, ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight, and muscle fiber CSA were significantly decreased, while the percentage of MHC I fiber isoform was significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle of OB mice compared with the control (CON) group. The protein expression levels of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-4E-BP1 and myogenin were significantly decreased, while those of calpain1, calpain2, MuRF-1 and myostatin were significantly increased in the OB mice. In the ground squirrels, the muscle wet weight, muscle fiber CSA and percentage of MHC I fiber isoform all showed no change in the gastrocnemius muscle in the PRE group compared with the summer active (SA) group. The protein expression levels of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1 and MyoD were significantly increased, while those of Beclin-1 and LC3-II were significantly decreased in the PRE ground squirrels. This study demonstrated that the decrease in protein expression levels in the Akt/mTOR pathway (P-Akt, P-mTORC1 and P-4E-BP1) and cell regeneration (myogenin) and the increase in protein expression levels of the calpain pathway (calpain1 and calpain2) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (MuRF-1) were involved in the mechanism of muscle atrophy in gastrocnemius muscle of the pathologically obese Kunming mice induced by high-fat diet. In contrast, the increased protein expression levels of the Akt/mTOR pathway (P-Akt, P-mTORC1 and P-S6K1) and cell regeneration (MyoD), and the decreased protein expression levels of the autophagy lysosomal pathway (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) were involved in the mechanism of anti-atrophy in gastrocnemius muscle of the healthy obese ground squirrels fattened before hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Chang); (Y. Gao); (Yan); (X. Gao); (Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Qiaohua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Xuli Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Chang); (Y. Gao); (Yan); (X. Gao); (Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Shenyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Nan He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Chang); (Y. Gao); (Yan); (X. Gao); (Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Rongrong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Chang); (Y. Gao); (Yan); (X. Gao); (Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Chang); (Y. Gao); (Yan); (X. Gao); (Wang)
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, P.R. China. E-mail: (Niu); (Shen); (Fang)
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