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Lorenz C, Arena C, Vitale E, Bianchi E, Poggiali G, Alemanno G, Benesperi R, Brucato JR, Garland S, Helbert J, Loppi S, Lorek A, Maturilli A, Papini A, de Vera JP, Baqué M. Resilience of Xanthoria parietina under Mars-like conditions: photosynthesis and oxidative stress response. PLANTA 2023; 259:25. [PMID: 38108922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Xanthoria parietina survivability in Mars-like conditions was supported by water-lysis efficiency recovery and antioxidant content balancing with ROS production after 30 days of exposure. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. is a widespread lichen showing tolerance against air pollutants and UV-radiation. It has been tested under space-like and Mars-like conditions resulting in high recovery performances. Hereby, we aim to assess the mechanisms at the basis of the thalli resilience against multiple space stress factors. Living thalli of X. parietina were exposed to simulated Martian atmospheric conditions (Dark Mars) and UV radiation (Full Mars). Then, we monitored as vitality indicator the photosynthetic efficiency, assessed by in vivo chlorophyll emission fluorescence measurements (FM; FV/F0). The physiological defense was evaluated by analyzing the thalli antioxidant capacity. The drop of FM and FV/F0 immediately after the exposure indicated a reduction of photosynthesis. After 24 h from exposure, photosynthetic efficiency began to recover suggesting the occurrence of protective mechanisms. Antioxidant concentrations were higher during the exposure, only decreasing after 30 days. The recovery of photosynthetic efficiency in both treatments suggested a strong resilience by the photosynthetic apparatus against combined space stress factors, likely due to the boosted antioxidants at the beginning and their depletion at the end of the exposure. The overall results indicated that the production of antioxidants, along with the occurrence of photoprotection mechanisms, guarantee X. parietina survivability in Mars-like environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poggiali
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
- LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190, Meudon, France
| | - Giulia Alemanno
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato Benesperi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - John Robert Brucato
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen Garland
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Helbert
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Loppi
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andreas Lorek
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Maturilli
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre de Vera
- Space Operations and Astronaut Training, Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mickaël Baqué
- Planetary Laboratories Department, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ruthefordstraße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Oliveira MF, Maciel-Silva AS. Biological soil crusts and how they might colonize other worlds: insights from these Brazilian ecosystem engineers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4362-4379. [PMID: 35522077 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When bryophytes, lichens, eukaryotic algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, and fungi live interacting intimately with the most superficial particles of the soil, they form a complex community of organisms called the biological soil crust (BSC or biocrust). These biocrusts occur predominantly in drylands, where they provide important ecological services such as soil aggregation, moisture retention, and nitrogen fixation. Unfortunately, many BSC communities remain poorly explored, especially in the tropics. This review summarizes studies about BSCs in Brazil, a tropical megadiverse country, and shows the importance of ecological, physiological, and taxonomic knowledge of biocrusts. We also compare Brazilian BSC communities with others around the world, describe why BSCs can be considered ecosystem engineers, and propose their use in the colonization of other worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Fernandes Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Putzier CC, Polich SB, Verhoeven AS. Sustained zeaxanthin-dependent thermal dissipation is induced by desiccation and low temperatures in the fern Polypodium virginianum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13743. [PMID: 35773786 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation and low temperatures inhibit photosynthetic carbon reduction and, in combination with light, result in severe oxidative stress, thus, tolerant organisms must utilize enhanced photoprotective mechanisms to prevent damaging reactions from occurring. We sought to characterize the desiccation tolerance of the fern Polypodium virginianum and to assess the role of the xanthophyll cycle and sustained forms of thermal dissipation in its response to desiccation, as well as to low temperatures during winter. Our results demonstrate that P. virginianum is desiccation-tolerant and that it increases its utilization of sustained forms of zexanthin (Z)-dependent thermal dissipation in response to desiccation and low temperatures during winter. Experiments with detached fronds were conducted in dark and natural light conditions and demonstrated that some dark-formation of Z occurs in this species. In addition, desiccation in the light resulted in more pronounced declines in maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm ) and higher Z levels than desiccation in the dark, indicating a substantial fraction of the sustained reduction in Fv /Fm is due to Z-dependent sustained dissipation. Recovery from desiccation and from low temperatures exhibited biphasic kinetics with a more rapid phase (1-4 h), which was accompanied by an increase in minimal fluorescence yield (Fo ) but no change in Z, and a slower phase (up to 24 h) correlating with reconversion of Z to violaxanthin. These data suggest that two mechanisms of sustained thermal dissipation occur in response to desiccation and low temperatures, possibly corresponding to sustained forms of the energy-dependent and zeaxanthin-dependent mechanisms of dynamic thermal dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidney B Polich
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy S Verhoeven
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Foliar Supplementation of Clove Fruit Extract and Salicylic Acid Maintains the Performance and Antioxidant Defense System of Solanum tuberosum L. under Deficient Irrigation Regimes. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A field trial was conducted twice (in 2020 and 2021) to evaluate the effect of clove fruit extract (CFE) and/or salicylic acid (SA), which were used as a foliar nourishment, on growth and yield traits, as well as physiological and biochemical indices utilizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants irrigated with deficient regimes in an arid environment. Three drip irrigation regimes [e.g., well watering (7400 m3 ha−1), moderate drought (6200 m3 ha−1), and severe drought (5000 m3 ha−1)] were designed for this study. The tested growth, yield, and photosynthetic traits, along with the relative water content, were negatively affected, whereas markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), electrolyte leakage, and peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as malondialdehyde level) were augmented along with increased antioxidative defense activities under drought stress. These effects were gradually increased with the gradual reduction in the irrigation regime. However, under drought stress, CFE and/or SA significantly enhanced growth characteristics (fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and plant leaf area) and yield components (average tuber weight, number of plant tubers, and total tuber yield). In addition, photosynthetic attributes (chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance) were also improved, and defensive antioxidant components (glutathione, free proline, ascorbate, soluble sugars, and α-tocopherol levels, and activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were further enhanced. The study findings advocate the idea of using a CFE+SA combined treatment, which was largely efficient in ameliorating potato plant growth and productivity by attenuating the limiting influences of drought stress in dry environments.
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Barták M, Hájek J, Orekhova A, Villagra J, Marín C, Palfner G, Casanova-Katny A. Inhibition of Primary Photosynthesis in Desiccating Antarctic Lichens Differing in Their Photobionts, Thallus Morphology, and Spectral Properties. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040818. [PMID: 33924436 PMCID: PMC8070113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five macrolichens of different thallus morphology from Antarctica (King George Island) were used for this ecophysiological study. The effect of thallus desiccation on primary photosynthetic processes was examined. We investigated the lichens' responses to the relative water content (RWC) in their thalli during the transition from a wet (RWC of 100%) to a dry state (RWC of 0%). The slow Kautsky kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) that was recorded during controlled dehydration (RWC decreased from 100 to 0%) and supplemented with a quenching analysis revealed a polyphasic species-specific response of variable fluorescence. The changes in ChlF at a steady state (Fs), potential and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (FV/FM, ΦPSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) reflected a desiccation-induced inhibition of the photosynthetic processes. The dehydration-dependent fall in FV/FM and ΦPSII was species-specific, starting at an RWC range of 22-32%. The critical RWC for ΦPSII was below 5%. The changes indicated the involvement of protective mechanisms in the chloroplastic apparatus of lichen photobionts at RWCs of below 20%. In both the wet and dry states, the spectral reflectance curves (SRC) (wavelength 400-800 nm) and indices (NDVI, PRI) of the studied lichen species were measured. Black Himantormia lugubris showed no difference in the SRCs between wet and dry state. Other lichens showed a higher reflectance in the dry state compared to the wet state. The lichen morphology and anatomy data, together with the ChlF and spectral reflectance data, are discussed in relation to its potential for ecophysiological studies in Antarctic lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Josef Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Alla Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Johana Villagra
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega #03694, 4780000 Temuco, Chile;
| | - Catalina Marín
- Laboratory of Mycology and Mycorrhiza, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Campus Concepción, Concepción University, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Götz Palfner
- Laboratory of Mycology and Mycorrhiza, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Campus Concepción, Concepción University, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega #03694, 4780000 Temuco, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-96-209-7709
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Verhoeven AS, Berkowitz JM, Walton BN, Berube BK, Willour JJ, Polich SB. Is zeaxanthin needed for desiccation tolerance? Sustained forms of thermal dissipation in tolerant versus sensitive bryophytes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:453-467. [PMID: 33161567 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerant (DT) plants engage and disengage sustained forms of energy dissipation in response to desiccation and rehydration. This project sought to characterize the role of zeaxanthin and thylakoid protein phosphorylation status in sustained energy dissipation during desiccation in bryophytes with varying DT. Tolerant (Polytrichum piliferum, Dicranum species, Calliergon stramineum) and sensitive (Grimmia species, Schistidium rivulare, Sphagnum species) moss were desiccated in darkness or natural light conditions for up to three weeks. Desiccation caused pronounced reductions in Fv /Fm in all cases which was enhanced by light exposure during desiccation. Desiccation in darkness resulted in no accumulation of Z in any species, however, in natural light conditions there was significant accumulation of Z in tolerant but not sensitive species. Desiccation in natural light, relative to darkness, resulted in more pronounced reductions in Fo in tolerant but not sensitive species. Recovery of Fv /Fm upon rehydration occurred in two phases, a rapid phase (minutes) and a slower phase (hours). Increased time of desiccation, and light exposure, resulted in a reduction in the rapid phase. Desiccation in light conditions resulted in some accumulation of the phosphorylated form of the major light harvesting trimer (LHCII). Data are consistent with two mechanisms of sustained quenching, neither of which requires Z. However, when desiccation occurs in natural light conditions, accumulation of Z likely contributes to one or both of the sustained forms of dissipation. Increases in LHCII phosphorylation during desiccation are consistent with increased connectivity between the photosystems. The absence of Z formation in sensitive species may contribute to their lack of desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Verhoeven
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Brenna N Walton
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandt K Berube
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jerry J Willour
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sidney B Polich
- Biology Department, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Cho SM, Lee H, Hong SG, Lee J. Study of Ecophysiological Responses of the Antarctic Fruticose Lichen Cladonia borealis Using the PAM Fluorescence System under Natural and Laboratory Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E85. [PMID: 31936612 PMCID: PMC7020452 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic lichens have been used as indicators of climate change for decades, but only a few species have been studied. We assessed the photosynthetic performance of the fruticose lichen Cladonia borealis under natural and laboratory conditions using the PAM fluorescence system. Compared to that of sun-adapted Usnea sp., the photosynthetic performance of C. borealis exhibits shade-adapted lichen features, and its chlorophyll fluorescence does not occur during dry days without rain. To understand its desiccation-rehydration responses, we measured changes in the PSII photochemistry in C. borealis under the average light intensity of dawn light and daylight and the desiccating conditions of its natural microclimate. Interestingly, samples under daylight and rapid-desiccation conditions showed a delayed reduction in Fv'/Fm' and rETRmax, and an increase in Y(II) and Y(NPQ) levels. These results suggest that the photoprotective mechanism of C. borealis depends on sunlight and becomes more efficient with improved desiccation tolerance. Amplicon sequencing revealed that the major photobiont of C. borealis was Asterochloris irregularis, which has not been reported in Antarctica before. Collectively, these results from both field and laboratory could provide a better understanding of specific ecophysiological responses of shade-adapted lichens in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Mi Cho
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea;
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.L.); (S.G.H.)
- Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Soon Gyu Hong
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.L.); (S.G.H.)
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea;
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Delayed fluorescence as a new screening method of plant species for urban greening: an experimental study using four bryophytes. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-019-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Kosugi M, Maruo F, Inoue T, Kurosawa N, Kawamata A, Koike H, Kamei Y, Kudoh S, Imura S. A comparative study of wavelength-dependent photoinactivation in photosystem II of drought-tolerant photosynthetic organisms in Antarctica and the potential risks of photoinhibition in the habitat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1263-1278. [PMID: 30052754 PMCID: PMC6324753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS All photosynthetic organisms are faced with photoinhibition, which would lead to death in severe environments. Because light quality and light intensity fluctuate dynamically in natural microenvironments, quantitative and qualitative analysis of photoinhibition is important to clarify how this environmental pressure has impacted ecological behaviour in different organisms. METHODS We evaluated the wavelength dependency of photoinactivation to photosystem II (PSII) of Prasiola crispa (green alga), Umbilicaria decussata (lichen) and Ceratodon purpureus (bryophyte) harvested from East Antarctica. For evaluation, we calculated reaction coefficients, Epis, of PSII photoinactivation against energy dose using a large spectrograph. Daily fluctuation of the rate coefficient of photoinactivation, kpi, was estimated from Epis and ambient light spectra measured during the summer season. KEY RESULTS Wavelength dependency of PSII photoinactivation was different for the three species, although they form colonies in close proximity to each other in Antarctica. The lichen exhibited substantial resistance to photoinactivation at all wavelengths, while the bryophyte showed sensitivity only to UV-B light (<325 nm). On the other hand, the green alga, P. crispa, showed ten times higher Epi to UV-B light than the bryophyte. It was much more sensitive to UV-A (325-400 nm). The risk of photoinhibition fluctuated considerably throughout the day. On the other hand, Epis were reduced dramatically for dehydrated compared with hydrated P. crispa. CONCLUSIONS The deduced rate coefficients of photoinactivation under ambient sunlight suggested that P. crispa needs to pay a greater cost to recover from photodamage than the lichen or the bryophyte in order to keep sufficient photosynthetic activity under the Antarctic habitat. A newly identified drought-induced protection mechanism appears to operate in P. crispa, and it plays a critical role in preventing the oxygen-evolving complex from photoinactivation when the repair cycle is inhibited by dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail:
| | - Fumino Maruo
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Kurosawa
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Kawamata
- Nature Research Group, Ehime Prefectural Science Museum, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Z, Li G, Sun H, Ma L, Guo Y, Zhao Z, Gao H, Mei L. Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic electron transport chain in young apple tree leaves. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio035279. [PMID: 30127094 PMCID: PMC6262865 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study, the effects of water stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) were studied in several ways, including monitoring the change of gas exchange parameters, modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, rapid fluorescence induction kinetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities and D1 protein levels in apple leaves. Our results show that when leaf water potential (ψ w) is above -1.5 MPa, the stomatal limitation should be the main reason for a drop of photosynthesis. In this period, photosynthetic rate (P N), stomatal conductance (G s), transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) all showed a strong positive correlation with ψ w Modulated chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to photosynthetic biochemistry activity including maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (q P) and coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching assuming interconnected PSII antennae (q L) also showed a strong positive correlation as ψ w gradually decreased. On the other hand, in this period, Stern-Volmer type non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and quantum yield of light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y (NPQ)] kept going up, which shows an attempt to dissipate excess energy to avoid damage to plants. When ψ w was below -1.5 MPa, P N continued to decrease linearly, while C i increased and a 'V' model presents the correlation between C i and ψ w by polynomial regression. This implies that, in this period, the drop in photosynthesis activity might be caused by non-stomatal limitation. Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, q P and q L in apple leaves treated with water stress were much lower than in control, while NPQ and Y (NPQ) started to go down. This demonstrates that excess energy might exceed the tolerance ability of apple leaves. Consistent with changes of these parameters, excess energy led to an increase in the production of ROS including H2O2 and O2 •- Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased dramatically and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased in apple leaves with drought stress, it was still not sufficient to scavenge ROS. Consequently, the accumulation of ROS triggered a reduction of net D1 protein content, a core protein in the PSII reaction center. As D1 is responsible for the photosynthetic electron transport from plastoquinone A (QA) to plastoquinone B (QB), the capacity of PETC between QA and QB was considerably downregulated. The decline of photosynthesis and activity of PETC may result in the shortage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and limitation the regeneration of RuBP (J max), a key enzyme in CO2 assimilation. These are all non-stomatal factors and together contributed to decreased CO2 assimilation under severe water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hanqing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixin Mei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Fernández-Marín B, Neuner G, Kuprian E, Laza JM, García-Plazaola JI, Verhoeven A. First evidence of freezing tolerance in a resurrection plant: insights into molecular mobility and zeaxanthin synthesis in the dark. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:472-489. [PMID: 29345751 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gilbert Neuner
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edith Kuprian
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jose M Laza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - José I García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amy Verhoeven
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Biology (OWS352), University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
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Shibata Y, Mohamed A, Taniyama K, Kanatani K, Kosugi M, Fukumura H. Red shift in the spectrum of a chlorophyll species is essential for the drought-induced dissipation of excess light energy in a poikilohydric moss, Bryum argenteum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:229-243. [PMID: 29124652 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some mosses are extremely tolerant of drought stress. Their high drought tolerance relies on their ability to effectively dissipate absorbed light energy to heat under dry conditions. The energy dissipation mechanism in a drought-tolerant moss, Bryum argenteum, has been investigated using low-temperature picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The results are compared between moss thalli samples harvested in Antarctica and in Japan. Both samples show almost the same quenching properties, suggesting an identical drought tolerance mechanism for the same species with two completely different habitats. A global target analysis was applied to a large set of data on the fluorescence-quenching dynamics for the 430-nm (chlorophyll-a selective) and 460-nm (chlorophyll-b and carotenoid selective) excitations in the temperature region from 5 to 77 K. This analysis strongly suggested that the quencher is formed in the major peripheral antenna of photosystem II, whose emission spectrum is significantly broadened and red-shifted in its quenched form. Two emission components at around 717 and 725 nm were assigned to photosystem I (PS I). The former component at around 717 nm is mildly quenched and probably bound to the PS I core complex, while the latter at around 725 nm is probably bound to the light-harvesting complex. The dehydration treatment caused a blue shift of the PS I emission peak via reduction of the exciton energy flow to the pigment responsible for the 725 nm band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-EMT), Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Koichiro Taniyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Makiko Kosugi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- National Institute of Technology, 4-16-1 Ayashi-chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-3128, Japan
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Mechanisms Underlying Freezing and Desiccation Tolerance in Bryophytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:167-187. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Holzinger A, Herburger K, Blaas K, Lewis LA, Karsten U. The terrestrial green macroalga Prasiola calophylla (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): ecophysiological performance under water-limiting conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1755-1767. [PMID: 28066876 PMCID: PMC5474099 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic placement of Prasiola calophylla, from an anthropogenic habitat previously shown to contain a novel UV sunscreen compound, was confirmed by analysis of its rbcL gene. This alga has the capacity to tolerate strong water-limiting conditions. The photosynthetic performance and ultrastructural changes under desiccation and osmotic stress were investigated. Freshly harvested thalli showed an effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] of 0.52 ± 0.06 that decreased to ∼60% of the initial value at 3000 mM sorbitol, and 4000 mM sorbitol led to a complete loss of Y(II). The Y(II) of thalli exposed to controlled desiccating conditions at 60% relative humidity (RH) ceased within 240 min, whereas zero values were reached after 120 min at 20% RH. All investigated samples completely recovered Y(II) within ∼100 min after rehydration. Relative electron transport rates (rETR) were temperature dependent, increasing from 5, 10, to 25 °C but strongly declining at 45 °C. Transmission electron microscopy of samples desiccated for 2.5 h showed an electron dense appearance of the entire cytoplasm when compared to control samples. Thylakoid membranes were still visible in desiccated cells, corroborating the ability to recover. Control and desiccated cells contained numerous storage lipids and starch grains, providing reserves. Overall, P. calophylla showed a high capacity to cope with water-limiting conditions on a physiological and structural basis. A lipophilic outer layer of the cell walls might contribute to reduce water evaporation in this poikilohydric organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Blaas
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Louise A Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Fesenko I, Seredina A, Arapidi G, Ptushenko V, Urban A, Butenko I, Kovalchuk S, Babalyan K, Knyazev A, Khazigaleeva R, Pushkova E, Anikanov N, Ivanov V, Govorun VM. The Physcomitrella patens Chloroplast Proteome Changes in Response to Protoplastation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1661. [PMID: 27867392 PMCID: PMC5095126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant protoplasts are widely used for genetic manipulation and functional studies in transient expression systems. However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in a cell response to the combined stress factors resulted from protoplast generation. Plants often face more than one type of stress at a time, and how plants respond to combined stress factors is therefore of great interest. Here, we used protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model to study the effects of short-term stress on the chloroplast proteome. Using label-free comparative quantitative proteomic analysis (SWATH-MS), we quantified 479 chloroplast proteins, 219 of which showed a more than 1.4-fold change in abundance in protoplasts. We additionally quantified 1451 chloroplast proteins using emPAI. We observed degradation of a significant portion of the chloroplast proteome following the first hour of stress imposed by the protoplast isolation process. Electron-transport chain (ETC) components underwent the heaviest degradation, resulting in the decline of photosynthetic activity. We also compared the proteome changes to those in the transcriptional level of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes. Globally, the levels of the quantified proteins and their corresponding mRNAs showed limited correlation. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and components of the outer chloroplast membrane showed decreases in both transcript and protein abundance. However, proteins like dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2-cys peroxiredoxin B responsible for ROS detoxification increased in abundance. Further, genes such as thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase were induced at the transcriptional level but down-regulated at the proteomic level. Together, our results demonstrate that the initial chloroplast reaction to stress is due changes at the proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anna Seredina
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Georgij Arapidi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Ptushenko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
- Department of Biocatalysis, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Urban
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Babalyan
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Knyazev
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Regina Khazigaleeva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pushkova
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Anikanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Laboratory of the Proteomic Analysis, Research Institute for Physico-Chemical MedicineMoscow, Russia
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Bjerke JW, Bokhorst S, Callaghan TV, Phoenix GK. Persistent reduction of segment growth and photosynthesis in a widespread and important sub‐Arctic moss species after cessation of three years of experimental winter warming. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment PO Box 6606 Langnes NO‐9296 Tromsø Norway
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment PO Box 6606 Langnes NO‐9296 Tromsø Norway
- Department of Ecological Science VU University Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank S10 2TN Sheffield UK
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Lilla Frescativägen 4A 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Botany National Research Tomsk State University 36 Lenin Ave. 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Gareth K. Phoenix
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Western Bank S10 2TN Sheffield UK
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18
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Yin BF, Zhang YM. Physiological regulation of Syntrichia caninervis Mitt. in different microhabitats during periods of snow in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, northwestern China. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 194:13-22. [PMID: 26948275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Moss crusts, the most advanced stage of biological soil crust (BSC) development, play important roles in BSC biomass and soil surface stabilization. They usually survive freeze-thaw cycles and remain active during periods of extremely low temperatures. We selected Syntrichia caninervis Mitt., the dominant moss crust species, to study physiological characteristics in winter in three different microhabitats (under the canopy of living shrubs, under dead shrubs, and in exposed areas) in the Gurbantünggüt Desert of northwestern China. The results show that soluble sugar content and antioxidant enzyme activity were significantly higher when heavy snow covered the ground in midwinter, than in early winter and late winter. Soluble protein content was highest in mosses in BSCs under shrub canopies. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity was at its maximum in BSCs of exposed areas. Our results indicate that moss crusts have the potential to effectively survive rapid environmental change during winter by an increase in osmoregulatory substances and by increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Mosses in BSCs in exposed areas showed the highest antioxidant enzyme activity, in direct contrast to that of mosses in BSCs growing under canopies of both dead and living shrubs. This may indicate that plants of S. caninervis growing in exposed conditions are better adapted to harsh environmental conditions than plants growing in more sheltered habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Feng Yin
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Gao B, Zhang D, Li X, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wood AJ. De novo transcriptome characterization and gene expression profiling of the desiccation tolerant moss Bryum argenteum following rehydration. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:416. [PMID: 26016800 PMCID: PMC4445806 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desiccation-tolerant moss Bryum argenteum is an important component of the Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) found in the Gurbantunggut desert. Desiccation tolerance is defined as the ability to revive from the air dried state. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to desiccation tolerance, we employed RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) technologies to study the genome-wide expression profiles of the dehydration and rehydration processes in this important desert plant. RESULTS We applied a two-step approach to investigate the gene expression profile upon rehydration in the moss Bryum argenteum using Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform. First, a total of 57,247 transcript assembly contigs (TACs) were obtained from 54.79 million reads by de novo assembly, with an average length of 863 bp and N50 of 1,372 bp. Among the reconstructed TACs, 36,916 (64.5%) revealed similarity with existing protein sequences in the public databases. 23,509 and 21,607 TACs were assigned GO and KEGG annotation information, respectively. Second, samples were taken from 3 hydration stages: desiccated (Dry), rehydrated 2 h (R2) and rehydrated 24 h (R24), and DEG libraries were constructed for Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) discovery. 4,081 and 6,709 DEGs were identified in R2 and R24, compared with Dry, respectively. Compared to the desiccated sample, up-regulated genes after two hours of hydration are primarily related to stress responses. GO function enrichment network, EKGG metabolic pathway and MapMan analysis supports the idea of the rapid recovery of photosynthesis after 24 h of rehydration. We identified 770 transcription factors (TFs) which were classified into 50 TF families. 142 TF transcripts were up-regulated upon rehydration including 23 members of the ERF family. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we constructed a pioneering, high-quality reference transcriptome in B. argenteum and generated three DGE libraries to elucidate the changes of gene expression upon rehydration. Expression profiles consistent with the rapid recovery of photosynthesis (at R2) and the re-establishment of a positive carbon balance following rehydration (at R24) were observed. Our study will extend our knowledge of bryophyte transcriptomes and provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms related to rehydration and desiccation-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Honglan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Andrew J Wood
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509, USA.
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Stark LR, Greenwood JL, Brinda JC, Oliver MJ. Physiological history may mask the inherent inducible desiccation tolerance strategy of the desert moss Crossidium crassinerve. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:935-946. [PMID: 24397604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Shoots of bryophytes collected in the desiccated state from the field are likely to be hardened to desiccation tolerance (DT) to varying degrees. To account for this, most studies on DT include a relatively short deacclimation period. However, no study has experimentally determined the appropriate deacclimation time for any bryophyte species. Our purposes are to (i) determine if 'field effects' are biologically relevant to DT studies and how long a deacclimation period is required to remove them; and (ii) utilise field versus cultured shoot responses within the context of a deacclimation period to elucidate the ecological strategy of DT. Our hypothesis (based on an extensive literature on DT) is that a deacclimation period from 24 to 72 h should be sufficient to eliminate historical stress effects on the physiology of the shoots and allow an accurate determination of the inherent ecological DT strategy (constitutive or inducible). We determined, however, using chlorophyll fluorescence and visual estimates of shoot damage, that field-collected shoots of the desert moss Crossidium crassinerve required an experimental deacclimation period of >7 days before field effects were removed, and revealed an ecological DT strategy of inducible DT. If the deacclimation period was <6 days, the shoot response conformed to an ecological strategy of constitutive protection. Thus the presence of field effects can obscure the ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance exhibited by the species, and this translates into a need to re-evaluate previous mechanistic and ecological studies of desiccation tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Stark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Kosugi M, Shizuma R, Moriyama Y, Koike H, Fukunaga Y, Takeuchi A, Uesugi K, Suzuki Y, Imura S, Kudoh S, Miyazawa A, Kashino Y, Satoh K. Ideal osmotic spaces for chlorobionts or cyanobionts are differentially realized by lichenized fungi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:337-48. [PMID: 25056923 PMCID: PMC4149719 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.232942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichens result from symbioses between a fungus and either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. They are known to exhibit extreme desiccation tolerance. We investigated the mechanism that makes photobionts biologically active under severe desiccation using green algal lichens (chlorolichens), cyanobacterial lichens (cyanolichens), a cephalodia-possessing lichen composed of green algal and cyanobacterial parts within the same thallus, a green algal photobiont, an aerial green alga, and a terrestrial cyanobacterium. The photosynthetic response to dehydration by the cyanolichen was almost the same as that of the terrestrial cyanobacterium but was more sensitive than that of the chlorolichen or the chlorobiont. Different responses to dehydration were closely related to cellular osmolarity; osmolarity was comparable between the cyanolichen and a cyanobacterium as well as between a chlorolichen and a green alga. In the cephalodium-possessing lichen, osmolarity and the effect of dehydration on cephalodia were similar to those exhibited by cyanolichens. The green algal part response was similar to those exhibited by chlorolichens. Through the analysis of cellular osmolarity, it was clearly shown that photobionts retain their original properties as free-living organisms even after lichenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Ryoko Shizuma
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Yufu Moriyama
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Yuko Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Satoshi Imura
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Sakae Kudoh
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Atsuo Miyazawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
| | - Kazuhiko Satoh
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigohri, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan (M.K., R.S., Y.M., H.K., Y.F., A.M., Y.K., K.S.);Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan (A.T., K.U., Y.S.);National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.); andDepartment of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan (S.I., S.K.)
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Robinson SA, Waterman MJ. Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kosugi M, Miyake H, Yamakawa H, Shibata Y, Miyazawa A, Sugimura T, Satoh K, Itoh S, Kashino Y. Arabitol Provided by Lichenous Fungi Enhances Ability to Dissipate Excess Light Energy in a Symbiotic Green Alga under Desiccation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1316-25. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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García-Plazaola JI, Esteban R, Fernández-Marín B, Kranner I, Porcar-Castell A. Thermal energy dissipation and xanthophyll cycles beyond the Arabidopsis model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:89-103. [PMID: 22772904 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermal dissipation of excitation energy is a fundamental photoprotection mechanism in plants. Thermal energy dissipation is frequently estimated using the quenching of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal, termed non-photochemical quenching. Over the last two decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanism of thermal energy dissipation through the use of a few model plants, mainly Arabidopsis. Nonetheless, an emerging number of studies suggest that this model represents only one strategy among several different solutions for the environmental adjustment of thermal energy dissipation that have evolved among photosynthetic organisms in the course of evolution. In this review, a detailed analysis of three examples highlights the need to use models other than Arabidopsis: first, overwintering evergreens that develop a sustained form of thermal energy dissipation; second, desiccation tolerant plants that induce rapid thermal energy dissipation; and third, understorey plants in which a complementary lutein epoxide cycle modulates thermal energy dissipation. The three examples have in common a shift from a photosynthetically efficient state to a dissipative conformation, a strategy widely distributed among stress-tolerant evergreen perennials. Likewise, they show a distinct operation of the xanthophyll cycle. Expanding the list of model species beyond Arabidopsis will enhance our knowledge of these mechanisms and increase the synergy of the current studies now dispersed over a wide number of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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25
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Li P, Ma F. Different effects of light irradiation on the photosynthetic electron transport chain during apple tree leaf dehydration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 55:16-22. [PMID: 22484842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of light irradiation on the photosynthetic electron transport chain between P680 and P700 in apple tree leaves was probed with chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and 820 nm transmission measurements during dehydration under different light intensities. The results showed that light accelerated the leaf water-loss rate during dehydration. Leaf dehydration lowered the maximum quantum yield of PSII and the far-red light induced maximal transmission change at 820 nm, but increased the relative variable fluorescence intensity at J-step, especially under increasing irradiation conditions. During leaf dehydration, irradiation lowered the relative variable fluorescence intensity at I-step. At the beginning of leaf dehydration, moderate light accelerated the leaf water-loss rate and then lowered the maximal light-trapping efficiency of P₆₈₀. Upon further dehydration under moderate light or dehydration under high light, light accelerated the water-loss rate and also directly decreased the maximal light-trapping efficiency of P680. The more significant decrease in the exchange capacity of plastoquinones at the Q(B) site was mainly attributed to the faster water-loss rate under moderate light than in the dark. Under high light, irradiation also directly lowered the capacity. The reoxidation of PQH₂ in the dehydrated leaves was enhanced by the light irradiation. The rapidly decreased contents of P700 + plastocyanin were mainly attributed to the faster water-loss rate under light conditions in contrast with that in the dark. The different effects of light irradiations on the photosynthetic electron transport chain might be involved in the acclimation of apple tree leaves to dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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26
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Shortlidge EE, Rosenstiel TN, Eppley SM. Tolerance to environmental desiccation in moss sperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:741-750. [PMID: 22420692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
• Sexual reproduction in mosses requires that sperm be released freely into the environment before finding and fertilizing a receptive female. After release from the male plant, moss sperm may experience a range of abiotic stresses; however, few data are available examining stress tolerance of moss sperm and whether there is genetic variation for stress tolerance in this important life stage. • Here, we investigated the effects of environmental desiccation and recovery on the sperm cells of three moss species (Bryum argenteum, Campylopus introflexus, and Ceratodon purpureus). • We found that a fraction of sperm cells were tolerant to environmental desiccation for extended periods (d) and that tolerance did not vary among species. We found that this tolerance occurs irrespective of ambient dehydration conditions, and that the addition of sucrose during dry-down improved cell recovery. Although we observed no interspecific variation, significant variation among individuals within species in sperm cell tolerance to environmental desiccation was observed, suggesting selection could potentially act on this basic reproductive trait. • The observation of desiccation-tolerant sperm in multiple moss species has important implications for understanding bryophyte reproduction, suggesting the presence of a significant, uncharacterized complexity in the ecology of moss mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Shortlidge
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Todd N Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Sarah M Eppley
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
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Fernández-Marín B, Becerril JM, García-Plazaola JI. Unravelling the roles of desiccation-induced xanthophyll cycle activity in darkness: a case study in Lobaria pulmonaria. PLANTA 2010; 231:1335-42. [PMID: 20229251 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation-tolerance ability in photosynthetic organisms is largely based on a battery of photoprotective mechanisms. Xanthophyll cycle operation induced by desiccation in the absence of light has been previously proven in the desiccation-tolerant fern Ceterach officinarum. To understand the physiological function of xanthophyll cycle induction in darkness and its implication in the desiccation tolerance in more detail, we studied its triggering factors and its photochemical effects in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. We found that both the drying rate and the degree of desiccation play a crucial role in the violaxanthin de-epoxidase activation. De-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin (Z) occurs when the tissue has lost most of its water and only after slow dehydration, suggesting that a minimum period of time is required for the enzyme activity induction. Fluorescence analysis showed that Z, synthesised during tissue dehydration in the absence of light, prevents photoinhibition when rewatered tissues are illuminated. This is probably due to Z implication in both non-photochemical quenching and/or antioxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fernández-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco, Aptdo 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Kosugi M, Arita M, Shizuma R, Moriyama Y, Kashino Y, Koike H, Satoh K. Responses to desiccation stress in lichens are different from those in their photobionts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:879-888. [PMID: 19304738 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the role of symbiotic association in desiccation tolerance of photosynthetic partners in lichens, responses to air-drying and hypertonic treatments in a green-algal lichen (a chlorolichen, Ramalina yasudae Räsänen) and its green algal photobiont (freshly released and cultured Trebouxia sp.) were studied. Responses to dehydration in the isolated Trebouxia sp. were different from those in the lichen, R. yasudae, i.e. (i) the PSII reaction was totally inhibited in R. yasudae when photosynthesis was completely inhibited by desiccation, but it remained partially active in isolated Trebouxia sp; (ii) dehydration-induced quenching of PSII fluorescence was less in the isolated Trebouxia sp. compared with that in R. yasudae, suggesting that a substance(s) or a mechanism(s) to dissipate absorbed light energy to heat was lost by the isolation of the photobiont; and (iii) the air-dried isolated Trebouxia sp. showed a higher sensitivity to photoinhibition than R. yasudae. These results support the idea that association of the photobionts with the mycobionts increases tolerance to photoinhibition under drying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Higo A, Ikeuchi M, Ohmori M. cAMP regulates respiration and oxidative stress during rehydration in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1883-8. [PMID: 18498771 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cAMP level increased dramatically upon rehydration following dehydration for 24h in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, but not in disruptant of an adenylate cyclase gene, cyaC. Oxygen consumption in the cyaC disruptant upon rehydration was higher than that in wild-type strain. Determination of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation of the cells revealed greater oxidative stress in the cyaC disruptant than in the wild-type strain during rehydration. Addition of cAMP or KCN to the cyaC disruptant decreased cellular oxygen consumption upon rehydration and oxidative damage. These results suggest that respiration upon rehydration is regulated by cAMP and that the higher respiration activity results in more oxidative damage in cyaC disruptant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Higo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Fukuda SY, Yamakawa R, Hirai M, Kashino Y, Koike H, Satoh K. Mechanisms to avoid photoinhibition in a desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 49:488-492. [PMID: 18252733 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune, shows unique responses to dehydration. These responses are: (i) loss of PSII activity in parallel with the loss of photosynthesis; (ii) loss of PSI activity; and (iii) dissipation of light energy absorbed by pigment-protein complexes. In this study, the deactivation of PSII is shown to be important in avoiding photoinhibition when the Calvin-Benson cycle is repressed by dehydration. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that dissipation of light energy absorbed by PSII blocks photoinhibition under strong light in dehydrated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Fukuda
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297 Japan.
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