1
|
Özbilen A, Sezer F, Taşkin KM. Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive ( Olea europaea L.). PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e568. [PMID: 38405354 PMCID: PMC10894696 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (Olea europaea L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (OeD27, OeMAX3, OeMAX4, OeMAX1, OeD14, and OeMAX2) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with rac-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Özbilen
- Department of BiologyCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Fatih Sezer
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| | - Kemal Melih Taşkin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityCanakkaleTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Yao Z, Jiang B, Yu W, Wang Y, Dong W, Li Y, Shi X, Liu C, Zhou Y. Effects of Exogenous Auxin on Mesocotyl Elongation of Sorghum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:944. [PMID: 36840291 PMCID: PMC9959298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The length of sorghum mesocotyl plays a vital role in seed emergence from the soil, which is the foundation of healthy growth. In this study, we aimed to understand how exogenous auxin (IAA) promoted mesocotyl elongation of sorghum and its physiology mechanism. The results presented that exogenous IAA significantly promoted mesocotyl elongation in MS24B (short mesocotyl inbred line) by increasing the cell length, while with extra exogenous NPA (IAA inhibitor) application, the mesocotyl length presented a significant short phenotype. In Z210 (long mesocotyl inbred line), exogenous IAA had a slight effect on mesocotyl length elongation, while the NPA treatment decreased the mesocotyl length considerably. In MS24B, IAA treatment increased the activity of amylase to degrade starch to soluble sugar, and the activity of hexokinase was improved to consume the increased soluble sugar to offer more energy. The energy will help to increase the activity of PM H+-ATPase and the expression of expansin-related genes, which ultimately will promote the acidification of the plasma membrane in MS24B for cell elongation. Overall, the exogenous IAA functioned on the activation of energy metabolism, which in turn, inducted the acidification of the plasma membrane for mesocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Jinzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinzhou 121006, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Edzesi WM, Dang X, Liu E, Bandoh WKN, Gakpetor PM, Ofori DA, Hong D. Screening germplasm and detecting QTLs for mesocotyl elongation trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by association mapping. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:8. [PMID: 36792993 PMCID: PMC9930352 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world and mainly cultivated in paddy field by transplanting seedlings. However, increasing water scarcity due to climate change, labor cost for transplanting, and competition from urbanization is making this traditional method of rice production unsustainable in the long term. In the present study, we mined favorable alleles for mesocotyl elongation length (MEL) by combining the phenotypic data of 543 rice accessions with genotypic data of 262 SSR markers through association mapping method. RESULTS Among the 543 rice accessions studied, we found 130 accessions could elongate mesocotyl length under dark germination condition. A marker-trait association analysis based on a mixed linear model revealed eleven SSR markers were associated with MEL trait with p-value less than 0.01. Among the 11 association loci, seven were novel. In total, 30 favorable marker alleles for MEL were mined, and RM265-140 bp showed the highest phenotypic effect value of 1.8 cm with Yuedao46 as the carrier accession. The long MEL group of rice accessions had higher seedling emergence rate than the short MEL group in the field. The correlation coefficient (r GCC-FSC = 0.485**) between growth chamber condition (GCC) and field soil condition (FSC) showed positive relationship and highly significant (P < 0.01) indicating that the result obtained in GCC could basically represent that obtained under FSC. CONCLUSION Not every genotype of the rice possesses the ability to elongate its mesocotyl length under dark or deep sowing condition. Mesocotyl elongation length is a quantitative trait controlled by many gene loci, and can be improved by pyramiding favorable alleles dispersed at different loci in different germplasm into a single genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Mawuli Edzesi
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Xiaojing Dang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.469521.d0000 0004 1756 0127Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Erbao Liu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - William Kwame Nuako Bandoh
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Patience Mansa Gakpetor
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Daniel Aninagyei Ofori
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Delin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiang YH, Yu JJ, Liao B, Shan JX, Ye WW, Dong NQ, Guo T, Kan Y, Zhang H, Yang YB, Li YC, Zhao HY, Yu HX, Lu ZQ, Lin HX. An α/β hydrolase family member negatively regulates salt tolerance but promotes flowering through three distinct functions in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1908-1930. [PMID: 36303433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing soil salinization drastically threatens crop growth, development, and yield worldwide. It is therefore crucial that we improve salt tolerance in rice by exploiting natural genetic variation. However, many salt-responsive genes confer undesirable phenotypes and therefore cannot be effectively applied to practical agricultural production. In this study, we identified a quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance from the African rice species Oryza glaberrima and named it as Salt Tolerance and Heading Date 1 (STH1). We found that STH1 regulates fatty acid metabolic homeostasis, probably by catalyzing the hydrolytic degradation of fatty acids, which contributes to salt tolerance. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that STH1 forms a protein complex with D3 and a vital regulatory factor in salt tolerance, OsHAL3, to regulate the protein abundance of OsHAL3 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we revealed that STH1 also serves as a co-activator with the floral integrator gene Heading date 1 to balance the expression of the florigen gene Heading date 3a under different circumstances, thus coordinating the regulation of salt tolerance and heading date. Notably, the allele of STH1 associated with enhanced salt tolerance and high yield is found in some African rice accessions but barely in Asian cultivars. Introgression of the STH1HP46 allele from African rice into modern rice cultivars is a desirable approach for boosting grain yield under salt stress. Collectively, our discoveries not only provide conceptual advances on the mechanisms of salt tolerance and synergetic regulation between salt tolerance and flowering time but also offer potential strategies to overcome the challenges resulted from increasingly serious soil salinization that many crops are facing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Huang Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Jun Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ben Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Shan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Wei Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nai-Qian Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi-Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Qi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics & Development, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu P, Jinbo H, Cai W. Karrikin signaling regulates hypocotyl shade avoidance response by modulating auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1748-1761. [PMID: 36068957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shade affects all aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, petiole growth, leaf hyponasty, and flowering time. Here, we found that mutations in the key Arabidopsis karrikins signal perception-associated KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) gene, encoding an α/β-fold hydrolase, and the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) gene, encoding an F-box protein, led to greater hypocotyl elongation under shade avoidance conditions. We further verified that these phenotypes were caused by perception of the endogenous KAI2-ligands (KLs), and that this phenotype is independent of strigolactone biosynthetic or signaling pathways. Upon perception of a KL, it is probable that the target protein forms a complex with the KAI2/MAX2 proteins, which are degraded through the action of the 26S proteasome. We demonstrated that SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2-1 (SMAX1) is the degradation target for the KAI2/MAX2 complex in the context of shade avoidance. KAI2 and MAX2 require SMAX1 to limit the hypocotyl growth associated with shade avoidance. Treatment with l-kynurenine, an inhibitor of auxin accumulation, partially restored elongation of kai2 mutant hypocotyls under simulated shade. Furthermore, KAI2 is involved in regulating auxin accumulation and polar auxin transport, which may contribute to the hypocotyl shade response. In addition, SMAX1 gene overexpression promoted the hypocotyl shade response. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that SMAX1-overexpression affected the expression of many auxin homeostasis genes, especially under simulated shade. Altogether, our data support the conclusion that KL signaling regulates shade avoidance by modulating auxin homeostasis in the hypocotyl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hu Jinbo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen F, Ji X, Bai M, Zhuang Z, Peng Y. Network Analysis of Different Exogenous Hormones on the Regulation of Deep Sowing Tolerance in Maize Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:739101. [PMID: 34925395 PMCID: PMC8674439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The planting method of deep sowing can make the seeds make full use of water in deep soil, which is considered to be an effective way to respond to drought stress. However, deep sowing will affect the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. To better understand the response of maize to deep sowing stress and the mechanism of exogenous hormones [Gibberellin (GA3), Brassinolide (BR), Strigolactone (SL)] alleviates the damaging effects of deep-sowing stress, the physiological and transcriptome expression profiles of seedlings of deep sowing sensitive inbred line Zi330 and the deep-tolerant inbred line Qi319 were compared under deep sowing stress and the conditions of exogenous hormones alleviates stress. The results showed that mesocotyl elongated significantly after both deep sowing stress and application of exogenous hormones, and its elongation was mainly through elongation and expansion of cell volume. Hormone assays revealed no significant changes in zeatin (ZT) content of the mesocotyl after deep sowing and exogenous hormone application. The endogenous GA3 and auxin (IAA) contents in the mesocotyl of the two inbred lines increased significantly after the addition of exogenous GA3, BR, and SL under deep sowing stress compared to deep sowing stress, while BR and SL decreased significantly. Transcriptome analysis showed that the deep seeding stress was alleviated by GA3, BR, and SLs, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly included cellulose synthase, expansin and glucanase, oxidase, lignin biosynthesis genes and so on. We also found that protein phosphatase 2C and GA receptor GID1 enhanced the ability of resist deep seeding stress in maize by participating in the abscisic acid (ABA) and the GA signaling pathway, respectively. In addition, we identified two gene modules that were significantly related to mesocotyl elongation, and identified some hub genes that were significantly related to mesocotyl elongation by WGCNA analysis. These genes were mainly involved in transcription regulation, hydrolase activity, protein binding and plasma membrane. Our results from this study may provide theoretical basis for determining the maize deep seeding tolerance and the mechanism by which exogenous hormones regulates deep seeding tolerance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang D, Liu X, Yin X, Dong T, Yu M, Wu Y. Rice Non-Specific Phospholipase C6 Is Involved in Mesocotyl Elongation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:985-1000. [PMID: 34021760 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation of rice is crucial for seedlings pushing out of deep soil. The underlying mechanisms of phospholipid signaling in mesocotyl growth of rice are elusive. Here we report that the rice non-specific phospholipase C6 (OsNPC6) is involved in mesocotyl elongation. Our results indicated that all five OsNPCs (OsNPC1, OsNPC2, OsNPC3, OsNPC4 and OsNPC6) hydrolyzed the substrate phosphatidylcholine to phosphocholine (PCho), and all of them showed plasma membrane localization. Overexpression (OE) of OsNPC6 produced plants with shorter mesocotyls compared to those of Nipponbare and npc6 mutants. Although the mesocotyl growth of npc6 mutants was not much affected without gibberellic acid (GA)3, it was obviously elongated by treatment with GA. Upon GA3 treatment, SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the DELLA protein of GA signaling, was drastically increased in OE plants; by contrast, the level of SLR1 was found decreased in npc6 mutants. The GA-enhanced mesocotyl elongation and the GA-impaired SLR1 level in npc6 mutants were attenuated by the supplementation of PCho. Further analysis indicated that the GA-induced expression of phospho-base N-methyltransferase 1 in npc6 mutants was significantly weakened by the addition of PCho. In summary, our results suggest that OsNPC6 is involved in mesocotyl development via modulation of PCho in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhoi A, Yadu B, Chandra J, Keshavkant S. Contribution of strigolactone in plant physiology, hormonal interaction and abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2021; 254:28. [PMID: 34241703 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived molecules, which regulate various developmental and adaptation processes in plants. These are engaged in different aspects of growth such as development of root, leaf senescence, shoot branching, etc. Plants grown under nutrient-deficient conditions enhance SL production that facilitates root architecture and symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as a result increases nutrient uptake. The crosstalk of SLs with other phytohormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin and gibberellins, in response to abiotic stresses indicates that SLs actively contribute to the regulatory systems of plant stress adaptation. In response to different environmental circumstances such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals and nutrient deprivation, these SLs get accumulated in plant tissues. Strigolactones regulate multiple hormonal responsive pathways, which aids plants to surmount stressful environmental constraints as well as reduce negative impact on overall productivity of crops. The external application of SL analog GR24 for its higher bioaccumulation can be one of the possible approaches for establishing various abiotic stress tolerances in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - Bhumika Yadu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
- School of Life and Allied Sciences, ITM University, Raipur, 492 002, India
| | - Jipsi Chandra
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
- National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krasylenko Y, Komis G, Hlynska S, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Pospíšil T, Šamaj J. GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675981. [PMID: 34305975 PMCID: PMC8293678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sofiia Hlynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MIT1, encoding a 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase, regulates tiller number and stature in rice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:88-91. [PMID: 33658152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Moreno JC, Mi J, Alagoz Y, Al‐Babili S. Plant apocarotenoids: from retrograde signaling to interspecific communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:351-375. [PMID: 33258195 PMCID: PMC7898548 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non-photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many other aspects of a plant's life. The oxidative breakdown of carotenoids gives rise to the formation of a diverse family of essential metabolites called apocarotenoids. This metabolic process either takes place spontaneously through reactive oxygen species or is catalyzed by enzymes generally belonging to the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE family. Apocarotenoids include the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones (SLs), signaling molecules and growth regulators. Abscisic acid and SLs are vital in regulating plant growth, development and stress response. SLs are also an essential component in plants' rhizospheric communication with symbionts and parasites. Other apocarotenoid small molecules, such as blumenols, mycorradicins, zaxinone, anchorene, β-cyclocitral, β-cyclogeranic acid, β-ionone and loliolide, are involved in plant growth and development, and/or contribute to different processes, including arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, abiotic stress response, plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions and plastid retrograde signaling. There are also indications for the presence of structurally unidentified linear cis-carotene-derived apocarotenoids, which are presumed to modulate plastid biogenesis and leaf morphology, among other developmental processes. Here, we provide an overview on the biology of old, recently discovered and supposed plant apocarotenoid signaling molecules, describing their biosynthesis, developmental and physiological functions, and role as a messenger in plant communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologieAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam14476Germany
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Salim Al‐Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marzec M, Situmorang A, Brewer PB, Brąszewska A. Diverse Roles of MAX1 Homologues in Rice. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1348. [PMID: 33202900 PMCID: PMC7709044 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1)-like genes produce most of the structural diversity of strigolactones during the final steps of strigolactone biosynthesis. The diverse copies of MAX1 in Oryza sativa provide a resource to investigate why plants produce such a wide range of strigolactones. Here we performed in silico analyses of transcription factors and microRNAs that may regulate each rice MAX1, and compared the results with available data about MAX1 expression profiles and genes co-expressed with MAX1 genes. Data suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate the expression of each MAX1. Moreover, there may be novel functions for MAX1 homologues, such as the regulation of flower development or responses to heavy metals. In addition, individual MAX1s could be involved in specific functions, such as the regulation of seed development or wax synthesis in rice. Our analysis reveals potential new avenues of strigolactone research that may otherwise not be obvious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Brąszewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng J, Hong K, Zeng L, Wang L, Kang S, Qu M, Dai J, Zou L, Zhu L, Tang Z, Meng X, Wang B, Hu J, Zeng D, Zhao Y, Cui P, Wang Q, Qian Q, Wang Y, Li J, Xiong G. Karrikin Signaling Acts Parallel to and Additively with Strigolactone Signaling to Regulate Rice Mesocotyl Elongation in Darkness. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2780-2805. [PMID: 32665307 PMCID: PMC7474294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence in monocots depends mainly on mesocotyl elongation, requiring coordination between developmental signals and environmental stimuli. Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins are butenolide compounds that regulate various developmental processes; both are able to negatively regulate rice (Oryza sativa) mesocotyl elongation in the dark. Here, we report that a karrikin signaling complex, DWARF14-LIKE (D14L)-DWARF3 (D3)-O. sativa SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (OsSMAX1) mediates the regulation of rice mesocotyl elongation in the dark. We demonstrate that D14L recognizes the karrikin signal and recruits the SCFD3 ubiquitin ligase for the ubiquitination and degradation of OsSMAX1, mirroring the SL-induced and D14- and D3-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of D53. Overexpression of OsSMAX1 promoted mesocotyl elongation in the dark, whereas knockout of OsSMAX1 suppressed the elongated-mesocotyl phenotypes of d14l and d3 OsSMAX1 localizes to the nucleus and interacts with TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINs, regulating downstream gene expression. Moreover, we showed that the GR24 enantiomers GR245DS and GR24 ent-5DS specifically inhibit mesocotyl elongation and regulate downstream gene expression in a D14- and D14L-dependent manner, respectively. Our work revealed that karrikin and SL signaling play parallel and additive roles in modulating downstream gene expression and negatively regulating mesocotyl elongation in the dark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Longjun Zeng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shujing Kang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linyuan Zou
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhanpeng Tang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta MK, Gouda G, Donde R, Vadde R, Behera L. In silico characterization of the impact of mutation (LEU112PRO) on the structure and function of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 in Oryza sativa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112365. [PMID: 32247721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation (p.LEU112PRO) in "carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8" (CCD8) protein increases tiller formation in rice plants by cross-talking with auxin and cytokinins. However, owing to the nonexistence of a "three-dimension" structure of CCD8, detail information about its structure and function remain elusive until date. Hence, in the present study, computational approaches were adopted to predict "three-dimensional" (3D) structure of CCD8 protein through comparative modeling techniques and to study the effect of mutation (p.LEU112PRO) on its function as well as architecture through "molecular dynamics" simulation studies. The obtained result reveals that wild-type CCD8 protein is made up of 10 α-helix and 25 β-strands while mutant CCD8 is made up of 11 α-helix and 24 β-strands. Further, molecular docking studies reveals that the wild-type has a better binding affinity with auxin and cytokinin in comparison to mutant. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation of these four complexes, separately, reveals that the movement of both wild-type as well as mutant CCD8 get reduced after binding with auxin, which in turn prevent auxin transport out of the bud and increases tiller number. However, when cytokinin binds with wild-type and mutant CCD8, it inhibits and enhance CCD8 activity, respectively. As cytokinin positively regulates tiller number formation, enhance activity of mutant CCD8 after binding with cytokinin might be the main reason for more tiller number in mutant than wild-type plant. In the near future, mutant CCD8 along with auxin and cytokinin may be utilized for increasing grain yield in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gayatri Gouda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Ravindra Donde
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Xu Q, Yu H, Ma H, Li X, Yang J, Chu J, Xie Q, Wang Y, Smith SM, Li J, Xiong G, Wang B. Strigolactone and Karrikin Signaling Pathways Elicit Ubiquitination and Proteolysis of SMXL2 to Regulate Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2251-2270. [PMID: 32358074 PMCID: PMC7346549 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are related butenolide signaling molecules that control plant development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), they are recognized separately by two closely related receptors but use the same F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) for signal transduction, targeting different members of the SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of transcriptional repressors for degradation. Both signals inhibit hypocotyl elongation in seedlings, raising the question of whether signaling is convergent or parallel. Here, we show that synthetic SL analog GR244DO enhanced the interaction between the SL receptor DWARF14 (D14) and SMXL2, while the KAR surrogate GR24 ent-5DS induced association of the KAR receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) with SMAX1 and SMXL2. Both signals trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, with GR244DO dependent on D14 and GR24 ent-5DS dependent mainly on KAI2. SMXL2 is critical for hypocotyl responses to GR244DO and functions redundantly with SMAX1 in hypocotyl response to GR24 ent-5DS Furthermore, GR244DO induced response of D14-LIKE2 and KAR-UP F-BOX1 through SMXL2, whereas GR24 ent-5DS induced expression of these genes via both SMAX1 and SMXL2. These findings demonstrate that both SLs and KARs could trigger polyubiquitination and degradation of SMXL2, thus uncovering an unexpected but important convergent pathway in SL- and KAR-regulated gene expression and hypocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Steven M Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoneyama K. Recent progress in the chemistry and biochemistry of strigolactones. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:45-53. [PMID: 32508512 PMCID: PMC7251197 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant secondary metabolites derived from carotenoids. SLs play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development in planta and coordinate interactions between plants and other organisms including root parasitic plants, and symbiotic and pathogenic microbes in the rhizosphere. In the 50 years since the discovery of the first SL, strigol, our knowledge about the chemistry and biochemistry of SLs has advanced explosively, especially over the last two decades. In this review, recent advances in the chemistry and biology of SLs are summarized and possible future outcomes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Women’s Future Development Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790–8577, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jamil M, Kountche BA, Wang JY, Haider I, Jia KP, Takahashi I, Ota T, Asami T, Al-Babili S. A New Series of Carlactonoic Acid Based Strigolactone Analogs for Fundamental and Applied Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:434. [PMID: 32373143 PMCID: PMC7179673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of carotenoid derived plant hormones that play a key role in establishing plant architecture and adapting it to environmental changes, and are involved in plants response to biotic and abiotic stress. SLs are also released into the soil to serve as a chemical signal attracting beneficial mycorrhizal fungi. However, this signal also induces seed germination in root parasitic weeds that represent a major global threat for agriculture. This wide spectrum of biological functions has made SL research one of the most important current topics in fundamental and applied plant science. The availability of SLs is crucial for investigating SL biology as well as for agricultural application. However, natural SLs are produced in very low amounts, and their organic synthesis is quite difficult, which creates a need for efficient and easy-to-synthesize analogs and mimics. Recently, we have generated a set of SL analogs, Methyl Phenlactonoates (MPs), which resemble the non-canonical SL carlactonoic acid. In this paper, we describe the development and characterization of a new series of easy-to-synthesize MPs. The new analogs were assessed with respect to regulation of shoot branching, impact on leaf senescence, and induction of seed germination in different root parasitic plants species. Some of the new analogs showed higher efficiency in inhibiting shoot branching as well as in triggering parasitic seed germination, compared to the commonly used GR24. MP16 was the most outstanding analog showing high activity in different SL biological functions. In summary, our new analogs series contains very promising candidates for different applications, which include the usage in studies for understanding different aspects of SL biology as well as large scale field application for combating root parasitic weeds, such as Striga hermonthica that devastates cereal yields in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A. Kountche
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Haider
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ota
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environment Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Salim Al-Babili,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Hou X, Liu Y, Zheng L, Yi Q, Zhang H, Huang X, Zhang J, Hu Y, Yu G, Liu H, Li Y, Huang H, Zhan F, Chen L, Tang J, Huang Y. Maize brachytic2 (br2) suppresses the elongation of lower internodes for excessive auxin accumulation in the intercalary meristem region. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:589. [PMID: 31881837 PMCID: PMC6935237 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short internodes contribute to plant dwarfism, which is exceedingly beneficial for crop production. However, the underlying mechanisms of internode elongation are complicated and have been not fully understood. RESULTS Here, we report a maize dwarf mutant, dwarf2014 (d2014), which displays shortened lower internodes. Map-based cloning revealed that the d2014 gene is a novel br2 allele with a splicing variation, resulting in a higher expression of BR2-T02 instead of normal BR2-T01. Then, we found that the internode elongation in d2014/br2 exhibited a pattern of inhibition-normality-inhibition (transient for the ear-internode), correspondingly, at the 6-leaf, 12-leaf and 14-leaf stages. Indeed, BR2 encodes a P-glycoprotein1 (PGP1) protein that functions in auxin efflux, and our in situ hybridization assay showed that BR2 was mainly expressed in vascular bundles of the node and internode. Furthermore, significantly higher auxin concentration was detected in the stem apex of d2014 at the 6-leaf stage and strictly in the node region for the ear-internode at the 14-leaf stage. In such context, we propose that BR2/PGP1 transports auxin from node to internode through the vascular bundles, and excessive auxin accumulation in the node (immediately next to the intercalary meristem) region suppresses internode elongation of d2014. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low auxin levels mediated by BR2/PGP1 in the intercalary meristem region are crucial for internode elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianbin Hou
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanjie Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrong Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guowu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Feilong Zhan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhan J, Lu X, Liu H, Zhao Q, Ye G. Mesocotyl elongation, an essential trait for dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.): a review of physiological and genetic basis. PLANTA 2019; 251:27. [PMID: 31802259 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Mesocotyl elongation is responsive to abiotic stresses, such as deep sowing drought, submergence, chilling, and salinity. (2) Humus soil culture with a burial depth of 6 cm and at the temperature of 30 °C could be the optimum method for mesocotyl length phenotyping, The frequently colocalized quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling mesocotyl elongation were located on chromosome (3) 1 (RM562-RG146), chromosome 2 (RZ288-RM145), and chromosome 3 (RM426-RM520). Dry direct-seeding is becoming a popular rice cultivation technology in many countries, which reduces water use and labor costs enormously. Meanwhile, direct-seeding rice is also facing the problems of low seedling emergence rate, poor seedling establishment, weed infestation, and high crop lodging rate. To take the full advantages of direct-seeding, both agronomic and genetic solutions are needed. Varieties with optimum mesocotyl length are desired for improving rice seedling emergence rate, particularly under deep sowing and submergence, which is adopted to reduce lodging and increase tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarized the physiological and genetic mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation in rice. The elongation of mesocotyl is affected by light, temperature, and water, and, as a result, is responsive to sowing depth, water content, and soil salinity. Plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid (BR), strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin (GA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) play important roles in regulating mesocotyl elongation. A humus soil culture protocol developed by our team was shown to be a better high-throughput method for measuring mesocotyl length in large scale. Sixty-seven QTL controlling mesocotyl length were reported, which are distributed on all the 12 chromosomes. Twelve chromosomal regions were repeatedly found to have QTL using various mapping populations and methods. These regions should be targeted in future studies to isolate genes and develop markers for molecular breeding. Two genes with very different molecular functions have been cloned, highlighting the genetic complexity of mesocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhan
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Strigolactones Promote Leaf Elongation in Tall Fescue through Upregulation of Cell Cycle Genes and Downregulation of Auxin Transport Genes in Tall Fescue under Different Temperature Regimes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081836. [PMID: 31013928 PMCID: PMC6515303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have recently been shown to play roles in modulating plant architecture and improving plant tolerance to multiple stresses, but the underlying mechanisms for SLs regulating leaf elongation and the influence by air temperature are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLs on leaf elongation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. ‘Kentucky-31’) under different temperature regimes, and to determine the interactions of SLs and auxin in the regulation of leaf growth. Tall fescue plants were treated with GR24 (synthetic analog of SLs), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, synthetic analog), or N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, auxin transport inhibitor) (individually and combined) under normal temperature (22/18 °C) and high-temperature conditions (35/30 °C) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Exogenous application of GR24 stimulated leaf elongation and mitigated the heat inhibition of leaf growth in tall fescue. GR24-induced leaf elongation was associated with an increase in cell numbers, upregulated expression of cell-cycle-related genes, and downregulated expression of auxin transport-related genes in elongating leaves. The results suggest that SLs enhance leaf elongation by stimulating cell division and interference with auxin transport in tall fescue.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yasui R, Seto Y, Ito S, Kawada K, Itto-Nakama K, Mashiguchi K, Yamaguchi S. Chemical screening of novel strigolactone agonists that specifically interact with DWARF14 protein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:938-942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
22
|
Ito S, Yamagami D, Asami T. Effects of gibberellin and strigolactone on rice tiller bud growth. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:220-223. [PMID: 30363138 PMCID: PMC6140679 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate diverse developmental phenomena. Rice SL biosynthesis and signaling mutants have an increased number of tillers and a reduced plant height relative to wild-type (WT) rice plants. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of gibberellin (GA) on restoring more tillering phenotype and dwarfism observed in both SL biosynthesis and signaling mutants. The application of GA to these mutants rescued the tiller bud outgrowth; however, the sensitivity to GA was different between the WT and the SL biosynthesis mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1–1–1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156–8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332–0012 Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun S, Wang T, Wang L, Li X, Jia Y, Liu C, Huang X, Xie W, Wang X. Natural selection of a GSK3 determines rice mesocotyl domestication by coordinating strigolactone and brassinosteroid signaling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2523. [PMID: 29955063 PMCID: PMC6023860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesocotyl is the crucial organ for pushing buds out of deep water or soil after germination in monocots. Deep direct seeding or mechanized dry seeding cultivation practice requires rice cultivars having long mesocotyl. However, the mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation and domestication remain unknown. Here, our genome-wide association study (GWAS) reveals that natural variations of OsGSK2, a conserved GSK3-like kinase involved in brassinosteroid signaling, determine rice mesocotyl length variation. Variations in the coding region of OsGSK2 alter its kinase activity. It is selected for mesocotyl length variation during domestication. Molecular analyses show that brassinosteroid-promoted mesocotyl elongation functions by suppressing the phosphorylation of an U-type cyclin, CYC U2, by OsGSK2. Importantly, the F-box protein D3, a major positive component in strigolactone signaling, can degrade the OsGSK2-phosphorylated CYC U2 to inhibit mesocotyl elongation. Together, these results suggest that OsGSK2 is selected to regulate mesocotyl length by coordinating strigolactone and brassinosteroid signaling during domestication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yancui Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehui Huang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Center of Integrative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kobae Y, Kameoka H, Sugimura Y, Saito K, Ohtomo R, Fujiwara T, Kyozuka J. Strigolactone Biosynthesis Genes of Rice are Required for the Punctual Entry of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi into the Roots. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:544-553. [PMID: 29325120 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a mutualistic association between most plant species and the ancient fungal phylum Glomeromycota in roots, and it plays a key role in a plant's nutrient uptake from the soil. Roots synthesize strigolactones (SLs), derivatives of carotenoids, and exude them to induce energy metabolism and hyphal branching of AM fungi. Despite the well-documented roles of SLs in the pre-symbiotic phase, little is known about the role of SLs in the process of root colonization. Here we show that the expansion of root colonization is suppressed in the mutants of rice (Oryza sativa) SL biosynthesis genes, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase D10 and more severely in D17. Interestingly, most of the colonization process is normal, i.e. AM fungal hyphae approach the roots and cling around them, and epidermal penetration, arbuscule size, arbuscule number per hyphopodium and metabolic activity of the intraradical mycelium are not affected in d10 and d17 mutants. In contrast, hyphopodium formation is severely attenuated. Our observations establish the requirement for SL biosynthesis genes for efficient hyphopodium formation, suggesting that SLs are required in this process. Efficient hyphopodium formation is required for the punctual internalization of hyphae into roots and maintaining the expansion of colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kobae
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan
| | - Hiromu Kameoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusaku Sugimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Zhao W, Jiang C, Wang X, Xiong H, Todorovska EG, Yin Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Xie J, Pan Y, Rashid MAR, Zhang H, Li J, Li Z. Genetic Architecture and Candidate Genes for Deep-Sowing Tolerance in Rice Revealed by Non-syn GWAS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 29616055 PMCID: PMC5864933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dry direct-seeding of rice is rapidly increasing in China, but variable planting depth associated with machine sowing can lead to low seedling emergence rates. Phenotype analysis of 621 rice accessions showed that mesocotyl length (ML) was induced by deep soil covering and was important in deep-sowing tolerance in the field. Here, we performed and compared GWAS using three types of SNPs (non-synonymous SNP, non-synonymous SNPs and SNPs within promoters and 3 million randomly selected SNPs from the entire set of SNPs) and found that Non-Syn GWAS (GWAS using non-synonyomous SNP) decreased computation time and eliminated confounding by other loci relative to GWAS using randomly selected SNPs. Thirteen QTLs were finally detected, and two new major-effect genes, named OsML1 and OsML2, were identified by an integrated analysis. There were 2 and 7 non-synonymous SNPs in OsML1 and OsML2, respectively, from which 3 and 4 haplotypes were detected in cultivated rice. Combinations of superior haplotypes of OsML1 and OsML2 increased ML by up to 4 cm, representing high emergence rate (85%) in the field with 10 cm of soil cover. The studies provide key loci and naturally occurring alleles of ML that can be used in improving tolerance to dry direct-seeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Conghui Jiang
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Huaiyang Xiong
- Institute of Food Crops, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Zhigang Yin
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfa Chen
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyin Xie
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad A. R. Rashid
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjie Li
| | - Zichao Li
- Key Lab of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Zichao Li
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng F, Mei H, Fan P, Li Y, Xu X, Wei H, Yan M, Luo L. Dynamic transcriptome and phytohormone profiling along the time of light exposure in the mesocotyl of rice seedling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11961. [PMID: 28931938 PMCID: PMC5607350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesocotyl elongation is an important trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in rice direct-seeding cultivation and is immediately inhibited after light exposure. Detailed researches on the molecular basis and biological processes underlying light repression of mesocotyl growth could probably provide useful information for key factors controlling this trait. Here we monitored the transcriptome and endogenous phytohormone changes specifically in the elongating mesocotyl in response to light exposure with a time-course. It was revealed that 974 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05, |log2 (L/D) | ≥2) after light exposure. Most of the differential expression genes associated with the responses to hormone. Metabolic pathway analysis using the KEGG system suggested plant hormone signal transduction, α-linolenic acid metabolism and diterpenoid biosynthesis were critical processes of mesocotyl growth inhibited by light. Consistent with DEGs, the endogenous IAA, tZ and GA3 content was significantly reduced while JA level was dramatically increased, which indicated that light inhibited rice mesocotyl growth through decreasing IAA, tZ and GA3 content and/or increasing JA level. The present results enriched our knowledge about the genes and phytohormones regulating mesocotyl elongation in rice, which may help improve future studies on associated genes and develop new varieties tolerance to deep sowing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Feng
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Hanwei Mei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Peiqing Fan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Haibin Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center; Shanghai Research Station of Crop Gene Resource & Germplasm Enhancement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiong Q, Ma B, Lu X, Huang YH, He SJ, Yang C, Yin CC, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Zhang WK, Wang WS, Li ZK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene-Inhibited Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Promotes Mesocotyl/Coleoptile Elongation of Etiolated Rice Seedlings. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1053-1072. [PMID: 28465411 PMCID: PMC5466032 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elongation of the mesocotyl and coleoptile facilitates the emergence of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings from soil and is affected by various genetic and environment factors. The regulatory mechanism underlying this process remains largely unclear. Here, we examined the regulation of mesocotyl and coleoptile growth by characterizing a gaoyao1 (gy1) mutant that exhibits a longer mesocotyl and longer coleoptile than its original variety of rice. GY1 was identified through map-based cloning and encodes a PLA1-type phospholipase that localizes in chloroplasts. GY1 functions at the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis to repress mesocotyl and coleoptile elongation in etiolated rice seedlings. Ethylene inhibits the expression of GY1 and other genes in the JA biosynthesis pathway to reduce JA levels and enhance mesocotyl and coleoptile growth by promoting cell elongation. Genetically, GY1 acts downstream of the OsEIN2-mediated ethylene signaling pathway to regulate mesocotyl/coleoptile growth. Through analysis of the resequencing data from 3000 rice accessions, we identified a single natural variation of the GY1 gene, GY1376T , which contributes to mesocotyl elongation in rice varieties. Our study reveals novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of mesocotyl/coleoptile elongation and should have practical applications in rice breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facilities for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facilities for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marzec M, Gruszka D, Tylec P, Szarejko I. Identification and functional analysis of the HvD14 gene involved in strigolactone signaling in Hordeum vulgare. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:341-355. [PMID: 27121184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the barley HvD14 gene encoding α/β hydrolase, which is involved in strigolactone (SL) signaling, was identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the identified gene is an orthologue of the D14, AtD14 and PhDAD2 genes that have been described in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and petunia, respectively. Using TILLING strategy, an hvd14.d mutant that carried the G725A transition, located in the second exon, was identified. This mutation led to the substitution of a highly conserved glycine-193 to glutamic acid in the conserved fragment of the α/β hydrolase domain of the HvD14 protein. The plants that carry the hvd14.d allele were semi-dwarf and produced a higher number of tillers in comparison to the wild-type (WT) parent cultivar. Additionally, the root architecture of mutant plants was affected: the total length of the seminal roots was significantly reduced, and the density of the lateral roots was higher than in the WT. Plants with the hvd14.d allele were insensitive to treatment with GR24, which is the synthetic analogue of SL. Analysis of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration in the lateral buds showed no differences between the WT and mutant plants. By contrast, the WT seedlings treated with GR24 developed a lower number of tillers, longer primary roots with a reduced number of lateral roots and had an increased concentration of IAA in lateral buds. This paper describes the first barley SL mutant and shows the potential functions of SLs in barley growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Piotr Tylec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rinne PLH, Paul LK, Vahala J, Kangasjärvi J, van der Schoot C. Axillary buds are dwarfed shoots that tightly regulate GA pathway and GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanase genes during branching in hybrid aspen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5975-5991. [PMID: 27697786 PMCID: PMC5100014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Axillary buds (AXBs) of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×P. tremuloides) contain a developing dwarfed shoot that becomes para-dormant at the bud maturation point. Para-dormant AXBs can grow out after stem decapitation, while dormant AXBs pre-require long-term chilling to release them from dormancy. The latter is mediated by gibberellin (GA)-regulated 1,3-β-glucanases, but it is unknown if GA is also important in the development, activation, and outgrowth of para-dormant AXBs. The present data show that para-dormant AXBs up-regulate GA receptor genes during their maturation, but curtail GA biosynthesis by down-regulating the rate-limiting GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), which is characteristically expressed in the growing apex. However, decapitation significantly up-regulated GA3ox2 and GA4-responsive 1,3-β-glucanases (GH17-family; α-clade). In contrast, decapitation down-regulated γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases, which were strongly up-regulated in maturing AXBs concomitant with lipid body accumulation. Overexpression of selected GH17 members in hybrid aspen resulted in characteristic branching patterns. The α-clade member induced an acropetal branching pattern, whereas the γ-clade member activated AXBs in recurrent flushes during transient cessation of apex proliferation. The results support a model in which curtailing the final step in GA biosynthesis dwarfs the embryonic shoot, while high levels of GA precursors and GA receptors keep AXBs poised for growth. GA signaling, induced by decapitation, reinvigorates symplasmic supply routes through GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at sieve plates and plasmodesmata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Laju K Paul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jorma Vahala
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lu Q, Zhang M, Niu X, Wang C, Xu Q, Feng Y, Wang S, Yuan X, Yu H, Wang Y, Wei X. Uncovering novel loci for mesocotyl elongation and shoot length in indica rice through genome-wide association mapping. PLANTA 2016; 243:645-57. [PMID: 26612069 PMCID: PMC4757631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Totally, 23 loci were detected, and 383 candidate genes were identified, and four of these candidate genes, Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700 and Os07g0615000, were regarded as promising targets. Direct-seeding cultivation is becoming popular in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-planting countries because it is labor- and time-efficient. However, low seedling establishment and slow seedling emergence have restricted the application and popularity of the technique. Mesocotyl elongation and shoot length are two important traits that can enhance rice seedling emergence. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a genome sequence variation caused by a single base within a population, and SNPs evenly distributed throughout the genomes of plant species. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS), based on 4136 SNPs, was performed using a compressed mixed linear model that accounted for population structure and relative kinship to detect novel loci for the two traits. Totally, 23 loci were identified, including five loci located known QTLs region. For the mesocotyl elongation, 17 major loci were identified, explaining ~19.31 % of the phenotypic variation. For the shoot length, six major loci were detected, explaining ~ 39.79 % of the phenotypic variation. In total, 383 candidate genes were included in a 200-kb genomic region (± 100 kb of each locus). Additionally, 32 SNPs were identified in 30 candidate genes. Relative expression level analyses indicated that four candidate genes containing SNP variations, Os01g0392100, Os04g0630000, Os01g0904700 and Os07g0615000, represented promising targets. Finally, eight elite accessions with long mesocotyl and shoot lengths were chosen as breeding donors for further rice direct-seeding variety modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Caihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Hanyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xinghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gutjahr C, Gobbato E, Choi J, Riemann M, Johnston MG, Summers W, Carbonnel S, Mansfield C, Yang SY, Nadal M, Acosta I, Takano M, Jiao WB, Schneeberger K, Kelly KA, Paszkowski U. Rice perception of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi requires the karrikin receptor complex. Science 2015; 350:1521-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
33
|
In silico analysis of the genes encoding proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of the RMS/MAX/D pathway revealed new roles of Strigolactones in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6757-82. [PMID: 25815594 PMCID: PMC4424986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones were described as a new group of phytohormones in 2008 and since then notable large number of their functions has been uncovered, including the regulation of plant growth and development, interactions with other organisms and a plant’s response to different abiotic stresses. In the last year, investigations of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway in two model species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, resulted in great progress in understanding the functions of four enzymes that are involved in this process. We performed in silico analyses, including the identification of the cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of genes encoding proteins of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway and the identification of the miRNAs that are able to regulate their posttranscriptional level. We also searched the databases that contain the microarray data for the genes that were analyzed from both species in order to check their expression level under different growth conditions. The results that were obtained indicate that there are universal regulations of expression of all of the genes that are involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and rice, but on the other hand each stage of strigolactone production may be additionally regulated independently. This work indicates the presence of crosstalk between strigolactones and almost all of the other phytohormones and suggests the role of strigolactones in the response to abiotic stresses, such as wounding, cold or flooding, as well as in the response to biotic stresses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lauressergues D, André O, Peng J, Wen J, Chen R, Ratet P, Tadege M, Mysore KS, Rochange SF. Strigolactones contribute to shoot elongation and to the formation of leaf margin serrations in Medicago truncatula R108. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1237-44. [PMID: 25472976 PMCID: PMC4438446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones were recently identified as a new class of plant hormones involved in the control of shoot branching. The characterization of strigolactone mutants in several species has progressively revealed their contribution to several other aspects of development in roots and shoots. In this article, we characterize strigolactone-deficient and strigolactone-insensitive mutants of the model legume Medicago truncatula for aerial developmental traits. The most striking mutant phenotype observed was compact shoot architecture. In contrast with what was reported in other species, this could not be attributed to enhanced shoot branching, but was instead due to reduced shoot elongation. Another notable feature was the modified leaf shape in strigolactone mutants: serrations at the leaf margin were smaller in the mutants than in wild-type plants. This phenotype could be rescued in a dose-dependent manner by exogenous strigolactone treatments of strigolactone-deficient mutants, but not of strigolactone-insensitive mutants. Treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphtalamic acid resulted in smooth leaf margins, opposite to the effect of strigolactone treatment. The contribution of strigolactones to the formation of leaf serrations in M. truncatula R108 line represents a novel function of these hormones, which has not been revealed by the analysis of strigolactone mutants in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lauressergues
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France CNRS, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier André
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France CNRS, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jianling Peng
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Rujin Chen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Million Tadege
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Soizic F Rochange
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France CNRS, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Urquhart S, Foo E, Reid JB. The role of strigolactones in photomorphogenesis of pea is limited to adventitious rooting. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:392-402. [PMID: 24962787 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered group of plant hormones, the strigolactones, have been implicated in regulating photomorphogenesis. We examined this extensively in our strigolactone synthesis and response mutants and could find no evidence to support a major role for strigolactone signaling in classic seedling photomorphogenesis (e.g. elongation and leaf expansion) in pea (Pisum sativum), consistent with two recent independent reports in Arabidopsis. However, we did find a novel effect of strigolactones on adventitious rooting in darkness. Strigolactone-deficient mutants, Psccd8 and Psccd7, produced significantly fewer adventitious roots than comparable wild-type seedlings when grown in the dark, but not when grown in the light. This observation in dark-grown plants did not appear to be due to indirect effects of other factors (e.g. humidity) as the constitutively de-etiolated mutant, lip1, also displayed reduced rooting in the dark. This role for strigolactones did not involve the MAX2 F-Box strigolactone response pathway as Psmax2 f-box mutants did not show a reduction in adventitious rooting in the dark compared with wild-type plants. The auxin-deficient mutant bushy also reduced adventitious rooting in the dark, as did decapitation of wild-type plants. Rooting was restored by the application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to decapitated plants, suggesting a role for auxin in the rooting response. However, auxin measurements showed no accumulation of IAA in the epicotyls of wild-type plants compared with the strigolactone synthesis mutant Psccd8, suggesting that changes in the gross auxin level in the epicotyl are not mediating this response to strigolactone deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Urquhart
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kameoka H, Kyozuka J. Downregulation of rice DWARF 14 LIKE suppress mesocotyl elongation via a strigolactone independent pathway in the dark. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:119-24. [PMID: 25819088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that control plant development in response to environmental conditions. In rice, mesocotyl elongation is regulated by SLs in the dark, while mesocotyls are longer in SL deficient or insensitive mutants. SLs are perceived by DWARF14 (D14), which is a member of a small gene family. In this study, we examined the function of another D14 family gene in rice, D14 LIKE (D14L), focusing on mesocotyl growth. The mesocotyls of D14L RNAi lines are longer than those of WT in the dark. This phenotype is enhanced when the D14L RNAi lines are combined with the d14 mutation, suggesting that D14 and D14L work independently to inhibit mesocotyl elongation. This phenotype is alleviated by the exogenous supply of GR24, a synthetic SL, suggesting that D14L is not necessary for SL signaling. D14L mRNA is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles and crown root primordia. Our results suggest that D14L and D14 confer their effects via an SL independent pathway and an SL signaling pathway respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bharti N, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide mediates strigolactone signaling in auxin and ethylene-sensitive lateral root formation in sunflower seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1054087. [PMID: 26076049 PMCID: PMC4622609 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1054087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play significant role in shaping root architecture whereby auxin-SL crosstalk has been observed in SL-mediated responses of primary root elongation, lateral root formation and adventitious root (AR) initiation. Whereas GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone) inhibits LR and AR formation, the effect of SL biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone) is just the opposite (root proliferation). Naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) leads to LR proliferation but completely inhibits AR development. The diffusive distribution of PIN1 in the provascular cells in the differentiating zone of the roots in response to GR24, fluridone or NPA treatments further indicates the involvement of localized auxin accumulation in LR development responses. Inhibition of LR formation by GR24 treatment coincides with inhibition of ACC synthase activity. Profuse LR development by fluridone and NPA treatments correlates with enhanced [Ca(2+)]cyt in the apical region and differentiating zones of LR, indicating a critical role of [Ca(2+)] in LR development in response to the coordinated action of auxins, ethylene and SLs. Significant enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) activity (enzyme responsible for SL biosynthesis) in tissue homogenates in presence of cPTIO (NO scavenger) indicates the role of endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCD activity. Differences in the spatial distribution of NO in the primary and lateral roots further highlight the involvement of NO in SL-modulated root morphogenesis in sunflower seedlings. Present work provides new report on the negative modulation of SL biosynthesis through modulation of CCD activity by endogenous nitric oxide during SL-modulated LR development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Bharti
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Niharika Bharti; ; Satish C Bhatla;
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Niharika Bharti; ; Satish C Bhatla;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li X, Sun S, Li C, Qiao S, Wang T, Leng L, Shen H, Wang X. The Strigolactone-related mutants have enhanced lamina joint inclination phenotype at the seedling stage. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:605-8. [PMID: 25434684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiyong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenglong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linna Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamada Y, Furusawa S, Nagasaka S, Shimomura K, Yamaguchi S, Umehara M. Strigolactone signaling regulates rice leaf senescence in response to a phosphate deficiency. PLANTA 2014; 240:399-408. [PMID: 24888863 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) act as plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and stimulate secondary growth of the stem, primary root growth, and root hair elongation. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, SLs regulate branching of chloronemata and colony extension. In addition, SL-deficient and SL-insensitive mutants show delayed leaf senescence. To explore the effects of SLs on leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we treated leaf segments of rice dwarf mutants with a synthetic SL analogue, GR24, and evaluated their chlorophyll contents, ion leakage, and expression levels of senescence-associated genes. Exogenously applied GR24 restored normal leaf senescence in SL-deficient mutants, but not in SL-insensitive mutants. Most plants highly produce endogenous SLs in response to phosphate deficiency. Thus, we evaluated effects of GR24 under phosphate deficiency. Chlorophyll levels did not differ of in the wild-type between the sufficient and deficient phosphate conditions, but increased in the SL-deficient mutants under phosphate deficiency, leading in the strong promotion of leaf senescence by GR24 treatment. These results indicate that the mutants exhibited increased responsiveness to GR24 under phosphate deficiency. In addition, GR24 accelerated leaf senescence in the intact SL-deficient mutants under phosphate deficiency as well as dark-induced leaf senescence. The effects of GR24 were stronger in d10 compared to d17. Based on these results, we suggest that SLs regulate leaf senescence in response to phosphate deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yamada Y, Furusawa S, Nagasaka S, Shimomura K, Yamaguchi S, Umehara M. Strigolactone signaling regulates rice leaf senescence in response to a phosphate deficiency. PLANTA 2014. [PMID: 24888863 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2096-2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) act as plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and stimulate secondary growth of the stem, primary root growth, and root hair elongation. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, SLs regulate branching of chloronemata and colony extension. In addition, SL-deficient and SL-insensitive mutants show delayed leaf senescence. To explore the effects of SLs on leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we treated leaf segments of rice dwarf mutants with a synthetic SL analogue, GR24, and evaluated their chlorophyll contents, ion leakage, and expression levels of senescence-associated genes. Exogenously applied GR24 restored normal leaf senescence in SL-deficient mutants, but not in SL-insensitive mutants. Most plants highly produce endogenous SLs in response to phosphate deficiency. Thus, we evaluated effects of GR24 under phosphate deficiency. Chlorophyll levels did not differ of in the wild-type between the sufficient and deficient phosphate conditions, but increased in the SL-deficient mutants under phosphate deficiency, leading in the strong promotion of leaf senescence by GR24 treatment. These results indicate that the mutants exhibited increased responsiveness to GR24 under phosphate deficiency. In addition, GR24 accelerated leaf senescence in the intact SL-deficient mutants under phosphate deficiency as well as dark-induced leaf senescence. The effects of GR24 were stronger in d10 compared to d17. Based on these results, we suggest that SLs regulate leaf senescence in response to phosphate deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernández-Aparicio M, Kisugi T, Xie X, Rubiales D, Yoneyama K. Low strigolactone root exudation: a novel mechanism of broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) resistance available for faba bean breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7063-71. [PMID: 24974726 DOI: 10.1021/jf5027235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean yield is severely constrained in the Mediterranean region and Middle East by the parasitic weeds Orobanche crenata, O. foetida, and Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Seed germination of these weeds is triggered upon recognition of host root exudates. Only recently faba bean accessions have been identified with resistance based in low induction of parasitic seed germination, but the underlying mechanism was not identified. Strigolactones are a group of terpenoid lactones involved in the host recognition by parasitic plants. Our LC-MS/MS analysis of root exudates of the susceptible accession Prothabon detected orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and a novel germination stimulant. A time course analysis indicated that their concentration increased with plant age. However, low or undetectable amounts of these germination stimulants were detected in root exudates of the resistant lines Quijote and Navio at all plant ages. A time course analysis of seed germination induced by root exudates of each faba bean accession indicated important differences in the ability to stimulate parasitic germination. Results presented here show that resistance to parasitic weeds based on low strigolactone exudation does exist within faba bean germplasm. Therefore, selection for this trait is feasible in a breeding program. The remarkable fact that low induction of germination is similarly operative against O. crenata, O. foetida, and P. aegyptiaca reinforces the value of this resistance.
Collapse
|
42
|
Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Sun YK, Skelton BW, Dixon KW, Ghisalberti EL, Flematti GR, Smith SM. Strigolactone Hormones and Their Stereoisomers Signal through Two Related Receptor Proteins to Induce Different Physiological Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1221-1232. [PMID: 24808100 PMCID: PMC4081333 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two α/β-fold hydrolases, KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) and Arabidopsis thaliana DWARF14 (AtD14), are necessary for responses to karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although KAI2 mediates responses to KARs and some SL analogs, AtD14 mediates SL but not KAR responses. To further determine the specificity of these proteins, we assessed the ability of naturally occurring deoxystrigolactones to inhibit Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation, regulate seedling gene expression, suppress outgrowth of secondary inflorescences, and promote seed germination. Neither 5-deoxystrigol nor 4-deoxyorobanchol was active in KAI2-dependent seed germination or hypocotyl elongation, but both were active in AtD14-dependent hypocotyl elongation and secondary shoot growth. However, the nonnatural enantiomer of 5-deoxystrigol was active through KAI2 in growth and gene expression assays. We found that the four stereoisomers of the SL analog GR24 had similar activities to their deoxystrigolactone counterparts. The results suggest that AtD14 and KAI2 exhibit selectivity to the butenolide D ring in the 2'R and 2'S configurations, respectively. However, we found, for nitrile-debranone (CN-debranone, a simple SL analog), that the 2'R configuration is inactive but that the 2'S configuration is active through both AtD14 and KAI2. Our results support the conclusion that KAI2-dependent signaling does not respond to canonical SLs. Furthermore, racemic mixtures of chemically synthesized SLs and their analogs, such as GR24, should be used with caution because they can activate responses that are not specific to naturally occurring SLs. In contrast, the use of specific stereoisomers might provide valuable information about the specific perception systems operating in different plant tissues, parasitic weed seeds, and arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Scaffidi
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Mark T Waters
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Yueming K Sun
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Brian W Skelton
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Kingsley W Dixon
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Emilio L Ghisalberti
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| | - Steven M Smith
- Schools of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.S., E.L.G., G.R.F., S.M.S.) andPlant Biology (K.W.D.),Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (M.T.W., Y.K.S., S.M.S.), andCentre for Microscopy, Characterization, and Analysis (B.W.S.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andKings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia (K.W.D)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hoffmann B, Proust H, Belcram K, Labrune C, Boyer FD, Rameau C, Bonhomme S. Strigolactones inhibit caulonema elongation and cell division in the moss Physcomitrella patens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99206. [PMID: 24911649 PMCID: PMC4049778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vascular plants, strigolactones (SLs) are known for their hormonal role and for their role as signal molecules in the rhizosphere. SLs are also produced by the moss Physcomitrella patens, in which they act as signaling factors for controlling filament extension and possibly interaction with neighboring individuals. To gain a better understanding of SL action at the cellular level, we investigated the effect of exogenously added molecules (SLs or analogs) in moss growth media. We used the previously characterized Ppccd8 mutant that is deficient in SL synthesis and showed that SLs affect moss protonema extension by reducing caulonema cell elongation and mainly cell division rate, both in light and dark conditions. Based on this effect, we set up bioassays to examine chemical structure requirements for SL activity in moss. The results suggest that compounds GR24, GR5, and 5-deoxystrigol are active in moss (as in pea), while other analogs that are highly active in the control of pea branching show little activity in moss. Interestingly, the karrikinolide KAR1, which shares molecular features with SLs, did not have any effect on filament growth, even though the moss genome contains several genes homologous to KAI2 (encoding the KAR1 receptor) and no canonical homologue to D14 (encoding the SL receptor). Further studies should investigate whether SL signaling pathways have been conserved during land plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Hélène Proust
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Katia Belcram
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Cécile Labrune
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Versailles, France,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nakamura H, Xue YL, Miyakawa T, Hou F, Qin HM, Fukui K, Shi X, Ito E, Ito S, Park SH, Miyauchi Y, Asano A, Totsuka N, Ueda T, Tanokura M, Asami T. Molecular mechanism of strigolactone perception by DWARF14. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2613. [PMID: 24131983 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are phytohormones that inhibit shoot branching and function in the rhizospheric communication with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds. An α/β-hydrolase protein, DWARF14 (D14), has been recognized to be an essential component of plant SL signalling, although its precise function remains unknown. Here we present the SL-dependent interaction of D14 with a gibberellin signalling repressor SLR1 and a possible mechanism of phytohormone perception in D14-mediated SL signalling. D14 functions as a cleavage enzyme of SLs, and the cleavage reaction induces the interaction with SLR1. The crystal structure of D14 shows that 5-hydroxy-3-methylbutenolide (D-OH), which is a reaction product of SLs, is trapped in the catalytic cavity of D14 to form an altered surface. The D14 residues recognizing D-OH are critical for the SL-dependent D14-SLR1 interaction. These results provide new insight into crosstalk between gibberellin and SL signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Nakamura
- 1] Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan [2]
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen F, Jiang L, Zheng J, Huang R, Wang H, Hong Z, Huang Y. Identification of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated proteins in rice seedlings in response to strigolactone treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93947. [PMID: 24699514 PMCID: PMC3974870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are recently identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and control various aspects of plant growth, development and interaction with parasites. Previous studies have shown that plant D10 protein is a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that functions in SL biosynthesis. In this work, we used an allelic SL-deficient d10 mutant XJC of rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) to investigate proteins that were responsive to SL treatment. When grown in darkness, d10 mutant seedlings exhibited elongated mesocotyl that could be rescued by exogenous application of SLs. Soluble protein extracts were prepared from d10 mutant seedlings grown in darkness in the presence of GR24, a synthetic SL analog. Soluble proteins were separated on two-dimensional gels and subjected to proteomic analysis. Proteins that were expressed differentially and phosphoproteins whose phosphorylation status changed in response to GR24 treatment were identified. Eight proteins were found to be induced or down-regulated by GR24, and a different set of 8 phosphoproteins were shown to change their phosphorylation intensities in the dark-grown d10 seedlings in response to GR24 treatment. Analysis of these proteins revealed that they are important enzymes of the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways and key components of the cellular energy generation machinery. These proteins may represent potential targets of the SL signaling pathway. This study provides new insight into the complex and negative regulatory mechanism by which SLs control shoot branching and plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Rongyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, and Program of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Houcong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, and Program of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Idaho, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (YH)
| | - Yumin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (YH)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tamiru M, Abe A, Utsushi H, Yoshida K, Takagi H, Fujisaki K, Undan JR, Rakshit S, Takaichi S, Jikumaru Y, Yokota T, Terry MJ, Terauchi R. The tillering phenotype of the rice plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) loss-of-function mutant is associated with strigolactone deficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:116-131. [PMID: 24350905 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The significance of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in phytoene desaturation and chloroplast function has been demonstrated using PTOX-deficient mutants, particularly in Arabidopsis. However, studies on its role in monocots are lacking. Here, we report cloning and characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) PTOX1 gene. Using Ecotype Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (EcoTILLING) and TILLING as forward genetic tools, we identified the causative mutation of an EMS mutant characterized by excessive tillering, semi-dwarfism and leaf variegation that corresponded to the PTOX1 gene. The tillering and semi-dwarf phenotypes of the ptox1 mutant are similar to phenotypes of known strigolactone (SL)-related rice mutants, and both phenotypic traits could be rescued by application of the synthetic SL GR24. The ptox1 mutant accumulated phytoene in white leaf sectors with a corresponding deficiency in β-carotene, consistent with the expected function of PTOX1 in promoting phytoene desaturase activity. There was also no accumulation of the carotenoid-derived SL ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol in root exudates. Elevated concentrations of auxin were detected in the mutant, supporting previous observations that SL interaction with auxin is important in shoot branching control. Our results demonstrate that PTOX1 is required for both carotenoid and SL synthesis resulting in SL-deficient phenotypes in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muluneh Tamiru
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Akira Abe
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
- Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Narita 20-1, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroe Utsushi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Kakoto Yoshida
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Koki Fujisaki
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Jerwin R Undan
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-0063, Japan
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8851, Japan
| | - Takao Yokota
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8851, Japan
| | - Matthew J Terry
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Narita 22-174-4, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu Z, Yamauchi T, Yang J, Jikumaru Y, Tsuchida-Mayama T, Ichikawa H, Takamure I, Nagamura Y, Tsutsumi N, Yamaguchi S, Kyozuka J, Nakazono M. Strigolactone and cytokinin act antagonistically in regulating rice mesocotyl elongation in darkness. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:30-41. [PMID: 24151204 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of phytohormones that control plant growth and development including shoot branching. Previous studies of the phenotypes of SL-related rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that SLs inhibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. Here, we found that the expression of cytokinin (CK)-responsive type-A RESPONSE REGULATOR (RR) genes was higher in d10-1 and d14-1 mutants than in the wild type. However, CK levels in mesocotyls of the d mutants were not very different from those in the wild type. On the other hand, application of a synthetic CK (kinetin) enhanced mesocotyl elongation in the d mutants and the wild type. d10-1 and d14-1 mesocotyls were more sensitive to CK than wild-type mesocotyls, suggesting that the up-regulation of the CK-responsive type-A RR genes and the higher elongation of mesocotyls in the d mutants are mainly due to the increased sensitivity of the d mutants to CK. Co-treatment with kinetin and a synthetic SL (GR24) confirmed the antagonistic functions of SL and CK on mesocotyl elongation. OsTCP5, which encodes a transcription factor belonging to the cell division-regulating TCP family, was also regulated by SL and CK and its expression was negatively correlated with mesocotyl length. These findings suggest that OsTCP5 contributes to the SL- and CK-controlled mesocotyl elongation in darkness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Hu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
de Saint Germain A, Ligerot Y, Dun EA, Pillot JP, Ross JJ, Beveridge CA, Rameau C. Strigolactones stimulate internode elongation independently of gibberellins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1012-25. [PMID: 23943865 PMCID: PMC3793021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone (SL) mutants in diverse species show reduced stature in addition to their extensive branching. Here, we show that this dwarfism in pea (Pisum sativum) is not attributable to the strong branching of the mutants. The continuous supply of the synthetic SL GR24 via the root system using hydroponics can restore internode length of the SL-deficient rms1 mutant but not of the SL-response rms4 mutant, indicating that SLs stimulate internode elongation via RMS4. Cytological analysis of internode epidermal cells indicates that SLs control cell number but not cell length, suggesting that SL may affect stem elongation by stimulating cell division. Consequently, SLs can repress (in axillary buds) or promote (in the stem) cell division in a tissue-dependent manner. Because gibberellins (GAs) increase internode length by affecting both cell division and cell length, we tested if SLs stimulate internode elongation by affecting GA metabolism or signaling. Genetic analyses using SL-deficient and GA-deficient or DELLA-deficient double mutants, together with molecular and physiological approaches, suggest that SLs act independently from GAs to stimulate internode elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Dun
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, F–78000 Versailles, France (A.d.S.G., Y.L., J-P.P., C.R.)
- University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia (E.A.D., C.A.B.); and
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia (J.J.R.)
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, F–78000 Versailles, France (A.d.S.G., Y.L., J-P.P., C.R.)
- University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia (E.A.D., C.A.B.); and
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia (J.J.R.)
| | - John J. Ross
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, F–78000 Versailles, France (A.d.S.G., Y.L., J-P.P., C.R.)
- University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia (E.A.D., C.A.B.); and
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia (J.J.R.)
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, F–78000 Versailles, France (A.d.S.G., Y.L., J-P.P., C.R.)
- University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia (E.A.D., C.A.B.); and
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia (J.J.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marzec M, Muszynska A, Gruszka D. The role of strigolactones in nutrient-stress responses in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9286-304. [PMID: 23629665 PMCID: PMC3676783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones, which have been intensively investigated during the last few years. The wide spectrum of SLs actions, including the regulation of shoot/root architecture, and the stimulation of the interactions between roots and fungi or bacteria, as well as the stimulation of germination of parasitic plants, indicates that this group of hormones may play an important role in the mechanisms that control soil exploration, and the root-mediated uptake of nutrients. Current studies have shown that SLs might be factors that have an influence on the plant response to a deficiency of macronutrients. Experimental data from the last four years have confirmed that the biosynthesis and exudation of SLs are increased under phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency. All these data suggest that SLs may regulate the complex response to nutrient stress, which include not only the modification of the plant developmental process, but also the cooperation with other organisms in order to minimize the effects of threats. In this paper the results of studies that indicate that SLs play an important role in the response to nutrient stress are reviewed and the consequences of the higher biosynthesis and exudation of SLs in response to phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-32-2009-482; Fax: +48-32-2009-361
| | - Aleksandra Muszynska
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben 06466, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu J, Novero M, Charnikhova T, Ferrandino A, Schubert A, Ruyter-Spira C, Bonfante P, Lovisolo C, Bouwmeester HJ, Cardinale F. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 modulates plant growth, reproduction, senescence, and determinate nodulation in the model legume Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1967-81. [PMID: 23567864 PMCID: PMC3638823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified hormones that regulate multiple aspects of plant development, infection by parasitic weeds, and mutualistic symbiosis in the roots. In this study, the role of SLs was studied for the first time in the model plant Lotus japonicus using transgenic lines silenced for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (LjCCD7), the orthologue of Arabidopsis More Axillary Growth 3. Transgenic LjCCD7-silenced plants displayed reduced height due to shorter internodes, and more branched shoots and roots than the controls, and an increase in total plant biomass, while their root:shoot ratio remained unchanged. Moreover, these lines had longer primary roots, delayed senescence, and reduced flower/pod numbers from the third round of flower and pod setting onwards. Only a mild reduction in determinate nodule numbers and hardly any impact on the colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were observed. The results show that the impairment of CCD7 activity in L. japonicus leads to a phenotype linked to SL functions, but with specific features possibly due to the peculiar developmental pattern of this plant species. It is believed that the data also link determinate nodulation, plant reproduction, and senescence to CCD7 function for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli 25, 10025 Turin, Italy
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli 25, 10025 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|