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Bouranis DL, Chorianopoulou SN. Foliar Application of Sulfur-Containing Compounds-Pros and Cons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3794. [PMID: 38005690 PMCID: PMC10674314 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate is taken up from the soil solution by the root system; and inside the plant, it is assimilated to hydrogen sulfide, which in turn is converted to cysteine. Sulfate is also taken up by the leaves, when foliage is sprayed with solutions containing sulfate fertilizers. Moreover, several other sulfur (S)-containing compounds are provided through foliar application, including the S metabolites hydrogen sulfide, glutathione, cysteine, methionine, S-methylmethionine, and lipoic acid. However, S compounds that are not metabolites, such as thiourea and lignosulfonates, along with dimethyl sulfoxide and S-containing adjuvants, are provided by foliar application-these are the S-containing agrochemicals. In this review, we elaborate on the fate of these compounds after spraying foliage and on the rationale and the efficiency of such foliar applications. The foliar application of S-compounds in various combinations is an emerging area of agricultural usefulness. In the agricultural practice, the S-containing compounds are not applied alone in spray solutions and the need for proper combinations is of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris L. Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani N. Chorianopoulou
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- PlanTerra Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Quality, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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2
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De Rose S, Kuga Y, Sillo F, Fochi V, Sakamoto N, Calevo J, Perotto S, Balestrini R. Plant and fungal gene expression coupled with stable isotope labeling provide novel information on sulfur uptake and metabolism in orchid mycorrhizal protocorms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:416-431. [PMID: 37421313 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Orchid mycorrhiza (OM) represents an unusual symbiosis between plants and fungi because in all orchid species carbon is provided to the host plant by the mycorrhizal fungus at least during the early stages of orchid development, named a protocorm. In addition to carbon, orchid mycorrhizal fungi provide the host plant with essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. In mycorrhizal protocorms, nutrients transfer occurs in plant cells colonized by the intracellular fungal coils, or pelotons. Whereas the transfer of these vital nutrients to the orchid protocorm in the OM symbiosis has been already investigated, there is currently no information on the transfer of sulfur (S). Here, we used ultra-high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as well as targeted gene expression studies and laser microdissection to decipher S metabolism and transfer in the model system formed by the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea and the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora. We revealed that the fungal partner is actively involved in S supply to the host plant, and expression of plant and fungal genes involved in S uptake and metabolism, both in the symbiotic and asymbiotic partners, suggest that S transfer most likely occurs as reduced organic forms. Thus, this study provides original information about the regulation of S metabolism in OM protocorms, adding a piece of the puzzle on the nutritional framework in OM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Rose
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yukari Kuga
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Fochi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institute, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jacopo Calevo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
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3
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Liu Y, Körnig C, Qi B, Schmutzler O, Staufer T, Sanchez-Cano C, Magel E, White JC, Feliu N, Grüner F, Parak WJ. Size- and Ligand-Dependent Transport of Nanoparticles in Matricaria chamomilla as Demonstrated by Mass Spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12941-12951. [PMID: 35938921 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matricaria chamomilla flowers were incubated with gold nanoparticles of different sizes ranging from 1.4 to 94 nm. After different incubation times of 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, the gold distribution in the flowers was destructively measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and non-destructively measured by X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) with high lateral resolution. As a control, the biodistribution of iodine ions or iodine-containing organic molecules (iohexol) was determined, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of mapping the distribution of several elements in parallel. The results show a clear size-dependent transport of the nanoparticles. In addition, the surface chemistry also plays a decisive role in disposition. Only the 1.6 nm nanoparticles coated with acetylcysteine could be efficiently transported through the stem of the flowers into the petals. In this case, almost 80% of the nanoparticles which were found within each flower were located in the petals. The study also highlights the potential of XFI for in situ recording of in vivo analyte biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bing Qi
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- DIPC (Donostia International Physics Center), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Magel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Hamburg, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Neus Feliu
- Zentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Lee CP, Elsässer M, Fuchs P, Fenske R, Schwarzländer M, Millar AH. The versatility of plant organic acid metabolism in leaves is underpinned by mitochondrial malate-citrate exchange. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3700-3720. [PMID: 34498076 PMCID: PMC8643697 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Malate and citrate underpin the characteristic flexibility of central plant metabolism by linking mitochondrial respiratory metabolism with cytosolic biosynthetic pathways. However, the identity of mitochondrial carrier proteins that influence both processes has remained elusive. Here we show by a systems approach that DICARBOXYLATE CARRIER 2 (DIC2) facilitates mitochondrial malate-citrate exchange in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana. DIC2 knockout (dic2-1) retards growth of vegetative tissues. In vitro and in organello analyses demonstrate that DIC2 preferentially imports malate against citrate export, which is consistent with altered malate and citrate utilization in response to prolonged darkness of dic2-1 plants or a sudden shift to darkness of dic2-1 leaves. Furthermore, isotopic glucose tracing reveals a reduced flux towards citrate in dic2-1, which results in a metabolic diversion towards amino acid synthesis. These observations reveal the physiological function of DIC2 in mediating the flow of malate and citrate between the mitochondrial matrix and other cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marlene Elsässer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricarda Fenske
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Thakur M, Anand A. Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging signaling molecule regulating drought stress response in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1227-1243. [PMID: 33860955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a small, reactive signaling molecule that is produced within chloroplasts of plant cells as an intermediate in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by the enzyme sulfite reductase. In addition, H2 S is also produced in cytosol and mitochondria by desulfhydration of l-cysteine catalyzed by l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) in the cytosol and from β-cyanoalanine in mitochondria, in a reaction catalyzed by β-cyano-Ala synthase C1 (CAS-C1). H2 S exerts its numerous biological functions by post-translational modification involving oxidation of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). At lower concentrations (10-1000 μmol L-1 ), H2 S shows huge agricultural potential as it increases the germination rate, the size, fresh weight, and ultimately the crop yield. It is also involved in abiotic stress response against drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. H2 S donor, for example, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been exogenously applied on plants by various researchers to provide drought stress tolerance. Exogenous application results in the accumulation of polyamines, sugars, glycine betaine, and enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to drought-induced osmotic and oxidative stress, thus, providing stress adaptation to plants. At the biochemical level, administration of H2 S donors reduces malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity to maintain the cell integrity, causes abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure to prevent water loss through transpiration, and accelerates the photosystem II repair cycle. Here, we review the crosstalk of H2 S with secondary messengers and phytohormones towards the regulation of drought stress response and emphasize various approaches that can be addressed to strengthen research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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6
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Watanabe M, Chiba Y, Hirai MY. Metabolism and Regulatory Functions of O-Acetylserine, S-Adenosylmethionine, Homocysteine, and Serine in Plant Development and Environmental Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643403. [PMID: 34025692 PMCID: PMC8137854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of an organism is closely related to both its internal and external environments. Metabolites can act as signal molecules that regulate the functions of genes and proteins, reflecting the status of these environments. This review discusses the metabolism and regulatory functions of O-acetylserine (OAS), S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), homocysteine (Hcy), and serine (Ser), which are key metabolites related to sulfur (S)-containing amino acids in plant metabolic networks, in comparison to microbial and animal metabolism. Plants are photosynthetic auxotrophs that have evolved a specific metabolic network different from those in other living organisms. Although amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and common metabolites in all living organisms, their metabolism and regulation in plants have specific features that differ from those in animals and bacteria. In plants, cysteine (Cys), an S-containing amino acid, is synthesized from sulfide and OAS derived from Ser. Methionine (Met), another S-containing amino acid, is also closely related to Ser metabolism because of its thiomethyl moiety. Its S atom is derived from Cys and its methyl group from folates, which are involved in one-carbon metabolism with Ser. One-carbon metabolism is also involved in the biosynthesis of AdoMet, which serves as a methyl donor in the methylation reactions of various biomolecules. Ser is synthesized in three pathways: the phosphorylated pathway found in all organisms and the glycolate and the glycerate pathways, which are specific to plants. Ser metabolism is not only important in Ser supply but also involved in many other functions. Among the metabolites in this network, OAS is known to function as a signal molecule to regulate the expression of OAS gene clusters in response to environmental factors. AdoMet regulates amino acid metabolism at enzymatic and translational levels and regulates gene expression as methyl donor in the DNA and histone methylation or after conversion into bioactive molecules such as polyamine and ethylene. Hcy is involved in Met-AdoMet metabolism and can regulate Ser biosynthesis at an enzymatic level. Ser metabolism is involved in development and stress responses. This review aims to summarize the metabolism and regulatory functions of OAS, AdoMet, Hcy, and Ser and compare the available knowledge for plants with that for animals and bacteria and propose a future perspective on plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yukako Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Chen B, Foo JL, Ling H, Chang MW. Mechanism-Driven Metabolic Engineering for Bio-Based Production of Free R-Lipoic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:965. [PMID: 32974306 PMCID: PMC7468506 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid is a valuable organosulfur compound used as an antioxidant for dietary supplementation, and potentially anti-diabetic and anti-cancer. Currently, lipoic acid is obtained mainly through chemical synthesis, which requires toxic reagents and organic solvents, thus causing environmental issues. Moreover, chemically synthesized lipoic acid is conventionally a racemic mixture. To obtain enantiomerically pure R-lipoic acid, which has superior bioactivity than the S form, chiral resolution and asymmetric synthesis methods require additional reagents and solvents, and often lead to wastage of S-lipoic acid or precursors with undesired chirality. Toward sustainable production of R-lipoic acid, we aim to develop a synthetic biology-based method using engineered yeast. Here, we deepened mechanistic understanding of lipoic acid biosynthesis and protein lipoylation in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to facilitate metabolic engineering of the microbe for producing free R-lipoic acid. In brief, we studied the biosynthesis and confirmed the availability of protein-bound lipoate in yeast cells through LC-MS/MS. We then characterized in vitro the activity of a lipoamidase from Enterococcus faecalis for releasing free R-lipoic acid from lipoate-modified yeast proteins. Overexpression of the lipoamidase in yeast mitochondria enabled de novo free R-lipoic acid production in vivo. By overexpressing pathway enzymes and regenerating the cofactor, the production titer was increased ∼2.9-fold. This study represents the first report of free R-lipoic acid biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. We envision that these results could provide insights into lipoic acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells and drive development of sustainable R-lipoic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jee Loon Foo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Unal D, García-Caparrós P, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Chloroplast-associated molecular patterns as concept for fine-tuned operational retrograde signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190443. [PMID: 32362264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts compose about one-quarter of the mesophyll cell volume and contain about 60% of the cell protein. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation is the dominating metabolism in illuminated leaves. To optimize the resource expenditure in these costly organelles and to control and adjust chloroplast metabolism, an intensive transfer of information between nucleus-cytoplasm and chloroplasts occurs in both directions as anterograde and retrograde signalling. Recent research identified multiple retrograde pathways that use metabolite transfer and include reaction products of lipids and carotenoids with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Other pathways use metabolites of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, low molecular weight antioxidants and hormone precursors to carry information between the cell compartments. This review focuses on redox- and ROS-related retrograde signalling pathways. In analogy to the microbe-associated molecular pattern, we propose the term 'chloroplast-associated molecular pattern' which connects chloroplast performance to extrachloroplast processes such as nuclear gene transcription, posttranscriptional processing, including translation, and RNA and protein fate. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Unal
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Letter, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, Higher Engineering School, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Sardella A, Marieschi M, Mercatali I, Zanni C, Gorbi G, Torelli A. The relationship between sulfur metabolism and tolerance of hexavalent chromium in Scenedesmus acutus (Spheropleales): Role of ATP sulfurylase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105320. [PMID: 31590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur availability and the end products of its metabolism, cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins, play an important role in heavy metal tolerance, chromium included. Sulfate and chromate not only compete for the transporters but also for assimilation enzymes and chromium tolerance in various organisms has been associated to differences in this pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-tolerance increase induced by S-starvation focusing on the role of ATP sulfurylase (ATS) in two strains of Scenedesmus acutus with different chromium sensitivity. S-starvation enhances the defence potential by increasing sulfate uptake/assimilation and decreasing chromium uptake, thus suggesting a change in the transport system. We isolated two isoforms of the enzyme, SaATS1 and SaATS2, with different sensitivity to sulfur availability, and analysed them in S-sufficient and S-replete condition both in standard and in chromium supplemented medium. SaATS2 expression is different in the two strains and presumably marks a different sulfur perception/exploitation in the Cr-tolerant. Its induction and silencing are compatible with a role in the transient tolerance increase induced by S-starvation. This enzyme can however hardly be responsible for the large cysteine production of the Cr-tolerant strain after starvation, suggesting that cytosolic rather than chloroplastic cysteine production is differently regulated in the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Sardella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marieschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Isabel Mercatali
- ISPRA - Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano 100-00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Corrado Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gessica Gorbi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
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10
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Fan L, Zhang W, Wang X, Dong W, Tong Y, Dong C, Shuang S. A two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for highly selective sensing of mitochondrial cysteine in live cells. Analyst 2018; 144:439-447. [PMID: 30420979 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01908h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (DNEPI) for mitochondrial cysteine (Cys) detection on the basis of a merocyanine (compound 1) as the two-photon fluorophore and a 2,4-dinitrobenzensulfonyl (DNBS) unit as the biothiol reaction site. Upon reaction with Cys in DMSO/PBS (1/1, v/v), DNEPI showed a distinct ratiometric fluorescence emission characteristic (F583 nm/F485 nm) linearly proportional to Cys concentrations over the range of 2-10 μM, which was attribute to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect by cleavage of the sulfonic acid ester bond of DNEPI to release compound 1. More importantly, the probe could detect Cys with a fast response time (within 2 min) and the detection limit was quantitatively calculated as 0.29 μM. Furthermore, DNEPI not only exhibited high selectivity toward Cys over other similar biothiols, including homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), but also displayed significant mitochondrial-targeting ability, which were favorable for mitochondrial Cys-selective imaging. Subsequently, application of DNEPI to Cys imaging in live cells was successfully achieved by two-photon fluorescence microscopy, suggesting that the probe proposed here could be used to monitor mitochondrial Cys concentration changes in live cells with negligible interference from other biological thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yaoli Tong
- Translational medicine research center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.
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11
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Bartsakoulia M, Mϋller JS, Gomez-Duran A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Boczonadi V, Horvath R. Cysteine Supplementation May be Beneficial in a Subgroup of Mitochondrial Translation Deficiencies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:363-379. [PMID: 27854233 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are severe, relentlessly progressive conditions and there are very few effective therapies available to date. We have previously suggested that in two rare forms of reversible mitochondrial disease (reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency and reversible infantile hepatopathy) supplementation with L-cysteine can improve mitochondrial protein synthesis, since cysteine is required for the 2-thiomodification of mitochondrial tRNAs. OBJECTIVES We studied whether supplementation with L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) results in any improvement of the mitochondrial function in vitro in fibroblasts of patients with different genetic forms of abnormal mitochondrial translation. METHODS We studied in vitro in fibroblasts of patients carrying the common m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G mutations or autosomal recessive mutations in genes affecting mitochondrial translation, whether L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation have an effect on mitochondrial respiratory chain function. RESULTS Here we show that supplementation with L-cysteine, but not with N-acetyl-cysteine partially rescues the mitochondrial translation defect in vitro in fibroblasts of patients carrying the m.3243A>G and m.8344A>G mutations. In contrast, N-acetyl-cysteine had a beneficial effect on mitochondrial translation in TRMU and MTO1 deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that L-cysteine or N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation may be a potential treatment for selected subgroups of patients with mitochondrial translation deficiencies. Further studies are needed to explore the full potential of cysteine supplementation as a treatment for patients with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bartsakoulia
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Juliane S Mϋller
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Veronika Boczonadi
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Trust Mitochondrial Research Centre and the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Deshpande AA, Bhatia M, Laxman S, Bachhawat AK. Thiol trapping and metabolic redistribution of sulfur metabolites enable cells to overcome cysteine overload. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:112-126. [PMID: 28435838 PMCID: PMC5376351 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.04.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine is an essential requirement in living organisms. However, due to its reactive thiol side chain, elevated levels of intracellular cysteine can be toxic and therefore need to be rapidly eliminated from the cellular milieu. In mammals and many other organisms, excess cysteine is believed to be primarily eliminated by the cysteine dioxygenase dependent oxidative degradation of cysteine, followed by the removal of the oxidative products. However, other mechanisms of tackling excess cysteine are also likely to exist, but have not thus far been explored. In this study, we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which naturally lacks a cysteine dioxygenase, to investigate mechanisms for tackling cysteine overload. Overexpressing the high affinity cysteine transporter, YCT1, enabled yeast cells to rapidly accumulate high levels of intracellular cysteine. Using targeted metabolite analysis, we observe that cysteine is initially rapidly interconverted to non-reactive cystine in vivo. A time course revealed that cells systematically convert excess cysteine to inert thiol forms; initially to cystine, and subsequently to cystathionine, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and S-Adenosyl L-methionine (SAM), in addition to eventually accumulating glutathione (GSH) and polyamines. Microarray based gene expression studies revealed the upregulation of arginine/ornithine biosynthesis a few hours after the cysteine overload, and suggest that the non-toxic, non-reactive thiol based metabolic products are eventually utilized for amino acid and polyamine biogenesis, thereby enabling cell growth. Thus, cells can handle potentially toxic amounts of cysteine by a combination of thiol trapping, metabolic redistribution to non-reactive thiols and subsequent consumption for anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Arunrao Deshpande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Mohali), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Muskan Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Mohali), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), NCBS campus, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Anand Kumar Bachhawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Mohali), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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13
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Tahir J, Dijkwel P. β-Substituting alanine synthases: roles in cysteine metabolism and abiotic and biotic stress signalling in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:307-323. [PMID: 32480463 DOI: 10.1071/fp15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is required for the synthesis of proteins and metabolites, and is therefore an indispensable compound for growth and development. The β-substituting alanine synthase (BSAS) gene family encodes enzymes known as O-acetylserine thiol lyases (OASTLs), which carry out cysteine biosynthesis in plants. The functions of the BSAS isoforms have been reported to be crucial in assimilation of S and cysteine biosynthesis, and homeostasis in plants. In this review we explore the functional variation in this classic pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme family of BSAS isoforms. We discuss how specialisation and divergence in BSAS catalytic activities makes a more dynamic set of biological routers that integrate cysteine metabolism and abiotic and biotic stress signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and also other species. Our review presents a universal scenario in which enzymes modulating cysteine metabolism promote survival and fitness of the species by counteracting internal and external stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Tahir
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul Dijkwel
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Han C, Yang H, Chen M, Su Q, Feng W, Li F. Mitochondria-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Off-On Probe for Selective Detection of Cysteine in Living Cells and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27968-75. [PMID: 26618279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) plays crucial roles in biological systems and in mitochondrial processes. Highly selective probes for specific detection of mitochondrial Cys over other biological thiols are rare. Herein, we designed and synthesized a mitochondria-targetable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent off-on probe, NFL1, based on a fluorescein derivative for Cys detection. Probe NFL1 has a lipophilic cation unit as the mitochondria biomarker and an acrylate group as the Cys-recognition unit as well as a fluorescence quencher. The probe itself is nonfluorescent due to the photoinduced electron transfer process. Upon addition of Cys, marked enhancement in the NIR emission (735 nm) can be monitored due to cleavage of the acrylate moiety. This probe had great sensitivity and selectivity for the rapid detection of Cys over homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) with an ultralow detection limit of 14.5 nM. More importantly, the probe successfully targeted mitochondria, detected endogenous Cys, and assessed mitochondrial oxidative stress in living cells. Probe NFL1 was also capable of detecting and imaging Cys in living nude mice, indicating its significant potential in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Huiran Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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15
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Birke H, De Kok LJ, Wirtz M, Hell R. The Role of Compartment-Specific Cysteine Synthesis for Sulfur Homeostasis During H2S Exposure in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:358-67. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. A detailed view on sulphur metabolism at the cellular and whole-plant level illustrates challenges in metabolite flux analyses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5711-24. [PMID: 25124317 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of physiological process in the systems biology era requires approaches at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. In this context, metabolite flux experiments have been used in mapping metabolite pathways and analysing metabolic control. In the present review, sulphur metabolism was taken to illustrate current challenges of metabolic flux analyses. At the cellular level, restrictions in metabolite flux analyses originate from incomplete knowledge of the compartmentation network of metabolic pathways. Transport of metabolites through membranes is usually not considered in flux experiments but may be involved in controlling the whole pathway. Hence, steady-state and snapshot readings need to be expanded to time-course studies in combination with compartment-specific metabolite analyses. Because of species-specific differences, differences between tissues, and stress-related responses, the quantitative significance of different sulphur sinks has to be elucidated; this requires the development of methods for whole-sulphur metabolome approaches. Different cell types can contribute to metabolite fluxes to different extents at the tissue and organ level. Cell type-specific analyses are needed to characterize these contributions. Based on such approaches, metabolite flux analyses can be expanded to the whole-plant level by considering long-distance transport and, thus, the interaction of roots and the shoot in metabolite fluxes. However, whole-plant studies need detailed empirical and mathematical modelling that have to be validated by experimental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstrasse 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Gigolashvili T, Kopriva S. Transporters in plant sulfur metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:442. [PMID: 25250037 PMCID: PMC4158793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient, necessary for synthesis of many metabolites. The uptake of sulfate, primary and secondary assimilation, the biosynthesis, storage, and final utilization of sulfur (S) containing compounds requires a lot of movement between organs, cells, and organelles. Efficient transport systems of S-containing compounds across the internal barriers or the plasma membrane and organellar membranes are therefore required. Here, we review a current state of knowledge of the transport of a range of S-containing metabolites within and between the cells as well as of their long distance transport. An improved understanding of mechanisms and regulation of transport will facilitate successful engineering of the respective pathways, to improve the plant yield, biotic interaction and nutritional properties of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gigolashvili
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gigolashvili, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Street 47 B, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne Germany
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18
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Speiser A, Haberland S, Watanabe M, Wirtz M, Dietz KJ, Saito K, Hell R. The significance of cysteine synthesis for acclimation to high light conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:776. [PMID: 25653656 PMCID: PMC4300907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Situations of excess light intensity are known to result in the emergence of reactive oxygen species that originate from the electron transport chain in chloroplasts. The redox state of glutathione and its biosynthesis contribute importantly to the plant's response to this stress. In this study we analyzed the significance of cysteine synthesis for long-term acclimation to high light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Emphasis was put on the rate-limiting step of cysteine synthesis, the formation of the precursor O-acetylserine (OAS) that is catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase (SERAT). Wild type Arabidopsis plants responded to the high light condition (800 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for 10 days) with synthesis of photo-protective anthocyanins, induction of total SERAT activity and elevated glutathione levels when compared to the control condition (100 μmol m(-2) s(-1)). The role of cysteine synthesis in chloroplasts was probed in mutant plants lacking the chloroplast isoform SERAT2;1 (serat2;1) and two knock-out alleles of CYP20-3, a positive interactor of SERAT in the chloroplast. Acclimation to high light resulted in a smaller growth enhancement than wild type in the serat2;1 and cyp20-3 mutants, less induction of total SERAT activity and OAS levels but similar cysteine and glutathione concentrations. Expression analysis revealed no increase in mRNA of the chloroplast SERAT2;1 encoding SERAT2;1 gene but up to 4.4-fold elevated SERAT2;2 mRNA levels for the mitochondrial SERAT isoform. Thus, lack of chloroplast SERAT2;1 activity or its activation by CYP20-3 prevents the full growth response to high light conditions, but the enhanced demand for glutathione is likely mediated by synthesis of OAS in the mitochondria. In conclusion, cysteine synthesis in the chloroplast is important for performance but is dispensable for survival under long-term exposure to high light and can be partially complemented by cysteine synthesis in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Speiser
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Haberland
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, University of BielefeldBielefeld, Germany
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rüdiger Hell, Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail:
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