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Pestana M, García-Caparrós P, Saavedra T, Gama F, Abadía J, de Varennes A, Correia PJ. Nutritional Performance of Five Citrus Rootstocks under Different Fe Levels. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3252. [PMID: 37765416 PMCID: PMC10535202 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for citrus, playing an important role in photosynthesis and yield. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the tolerance to Fe deficiency of five citrus rootstocks: sour orange (S), Carrizo citrange (C), Citrus macrophylla (M), Troyer citrange (T), and Volkamer lemon (V). Plants were grown for 5 weeks in nutrient solution that contained the following Fe concentrations (in µM): 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. At the end of the experiment, biomass (dry weight-DW), leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll (CHL), and the activity of root chelate reductase (FCR) were recorded. Additionally, the mineral composition of roots (R) and shoots (S) was evaluated. Principal component analysis was used to study the relationships between all parameters and, subsequently, the relations between rootstocks. In the first component, N-S, P-S, Ca-S, Cu-S, Zn-S, Mn-S, Zn-R, and Mn-R concentrations were related to leaf CHL and FCR. Increases in leaf CHL, Mg-R, and DW (shoots and roots) were inversely related to Cu-R, which was shown in the second component. The values obtained were consistent for V10, C15, and C20, but in contrast for S0 and S5. In conclusion, micronutrient homeostasis in roots and shoots of all rootstocks were affected by Fe stress conditions. The Fe/Cu ratio was significantly related to CHL, which may be used to assist rootstock performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribela Pestana
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.S.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Department of Agronomy, Higher Engineering School, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, Ctra. Sacramentos/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Teresa Saavedra
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.S.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Florinda Gama
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.S.); (P.J.C.)
- GreenCoLab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Biology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Amarilis de Varennes
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro José Correia
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (T.S.); (P.J.C.)
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Abstract
Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat and cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors in plant growth and development and severely affect plant physiology, biochemical, and molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have a multifunctional role that acts as a "defense molecule" to safeguard plants against the noxious effects of temperature stress. MET treatment improves plant growth and temperature tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests that MET interacts with other molecules, like phytohormones and gaseous molecules, which greatly supports plant adaptation to temperature stress. Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system of MET biosynthetic genes uplifts the MET levels in transgenic plants and enhances temperature stress tolerance. This review highlights the critical role of MET in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress. We have documented how MET interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress. MET-mediated molecular breeding would be great potential in helping the adverse effects of temperature stress by creating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peking, China
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García-Caparrós P, Vogelsang L, Persicke M, Wirtz M, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Differential sensitivity of metabolic pathways in sugar beet roots to combined salt, heat, and light stress. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13786. [PMID: 36169530 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nature commonly encounter combined stress scenarios. The response to combined stressors is often unpredictable from the response to single stresses. To address stress interference in roots, we applied salinity, heat, and high light to hydroponically grown sugar beet. Two main patterns of metabolomic acclimation were apparent. High salt of 300 mM NaCl considerably lowered metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucose. Very few metabolites revealed the opposite trend with increased contents at high salts, mostly organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid, but also tryptophan, tyrosine, and the compatible solute proline. High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C) also frequently lowered root metabolite pools. The individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress. Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents. The results reveal the complex interaction pattern of environmental parameters and urge researchers to elaborate in much more detail and width on combinatorial stress effects to bridge work under controlled growth conditions to growth in nature, and also to better understand acclimation to the consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Kouhen M, García-Caparrós P, Twyman RM, Abdelly C, Mahmoudi H, Schillberg S, Debez A. Improving environmental stress resilience in crops by genome editing: insights from extremophile plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:559-574. [PMID: 35606905 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2042481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In basic and applied sciences, genome editing has become an indispensable tool, especially the versatile and adaptable CRISPR/Cas9 system. Using CRISPR/Cas9 in plants has enabled modifications of many valuable traits, including environmental stress tolerance, an essential aspect when it comes to ensuring food security under climate change pressure. The CRISPR toolbox enables faster and more precise plant breeding by facilitating: multiplex gene editing, gene pyramiding, and de novo domestication. In this paper, we discuss the most recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and alternative CRISPR-based systems, along with the technical challenges that remain to be overcome. A revision of the latest proof-of-concept and functional characterization studies has indeed provided more insight into the quantitative traits affecting crop yield and stress tolerance. Additionally, we focus on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in regard to extremophile plants, due to their significance on: industrial, ecological and economic levels. These still unexplored genetic resources could provide the means to harden our crops against the threat of climate change, thus ensuring food security over the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kouhen
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.,Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almeria, CIAIMBITAL, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Chedly Abdelly
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Henda Mahmoudi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Academic City, Near Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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García-Caparrós P, De Filippis L, Gul A, Hasanuzzaman M, Ozturk M, Altay V, Lao MT. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Metabolism under Adverse Environmental Conditions: a Review. Bot Rev 2021; 87:421-466. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s12229-020-09231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Shafiq S, Akram NA, Ashraf M, García-Caparrós P, Ali OM, Latef AAHA. Influence of Glycine Betaine (Natural and Synthetic) on Growth, Metabolism and Yield Production of Drought-Stressed Maize ( Zea mays L.) Plants. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2540. [PMID: 34834903 PMCID: PMC8619370 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar beet extract (SBE) and glycine betaine (GB) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress on two maize cultivars. Seeds (caryopses) of two maize cultivars, Sadaf (drought-tolerant) and Sultan (drought-sensitive) were sown in plastic pots. Plants were subjected to different (100%, 75% and 60% field capacity (FC)) water regimes. Then, different levels of SBE (3% and 4%) and GB (3.65 and 3.84 g/L) were applied as a foliar spray after 30 days of water deficit stress. Drought stress significantly decreased plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, while it increased relative membrane permeability (RMP), levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in both maize cultivars. Exogenous application via foliar spray with SBR or GB improved plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, osmolyte concentration, total phenolics, ascorbic acid and the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (SOD, POD and catalase; CAT), but reduced leaf RMP and MDA concentration. The results obtained in this study exhibit the role of foliar-applied biostimulants (natural and synthetic compounds) in enhancing the growth and yield of maize cultivars by upregulating the oxidative defense system and osmoprotectant accumulation under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Shafiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Department of Agronomy, Polytechnic School, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Omar M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Ozturk M, Turkyilmaz Unal B, García-Caparrós P, Khursheed A, Gul A, Hasanuzzaman M. Osmoregulation and its actions during the drought stress in plants. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1321-1335. [PMID: 33280137 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress, which causes a decline in quality and quantity of crop yields, has become more accentuated these days due to climatic change. Serious measures need to be taken to increase the tolerance of crop plants to acute drought conditions likely to occur due to global warming. Drought stress causes many physiological and biochemical changes in plants, rendering the maintenance of osmotic adjustment highly crucial. The degree of plant resistance to drought varies with plant species and cultivars, phenological stages of the plant, and the duration of plant exposure to the stress. Osmoregulation in plants under low water potential relies on synthesis and accumulation of osmoprotectants or osmolytes such as soluble proteins, sugars, and sugar alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and amino acids, like proline. This review highlights the role of osmolytes in water-stressed plants and of enzymes entailed in their metabolism. It will be useful, especially for researchers working on the development of drought-resistant crops by using the metabolic-engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ozturk
- Botany Department, Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Unal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almería, Spain
| | - Anum Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, García-Caparrós P, Parvin K, Zulfiqar F, Ahmed N, Fujita M. Selenium Supplementation and Crop Plant Tolerance to Metal/Metalloid Toxicity. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:792770. [PMID: 35046979 PMCID: PMC8761772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) supplementation can restrict metal uptake by roots and translocation to shoots, which is one of the vital stress tolerance mechanisms. Selenium can also enhance cellular functions like membrane stability, mineral nutrition homeostasis, antioxidant response, photosynthesis, and thus improve plant growth and development under metal/metalloid stress. Metal/metalloid toxicity decreases crop productivity and uptake of metal/metalloid through food chain causes health hazards. Selenium has been recognized as an element essential for the functioning of the human physiology and is a beneficial element for plants. Low concentrations of Se can mitigate metal/metalloid toxicity in plants and improve tolerance in various ways. Selenium stimulates the biosynthesis of hormones for remodeling the root architecture that decreases metal uptake. Growth enhancing function of Se has been reported in a number of studies, which is the outcome of improvement of various physiological features. Photosynthesis has been improved by Se supplementation under metal/metalloid stress due to the prevention of pigment destruction, sustained enzymatic activity, improved stomatal function, and photosystem activity. By modulating the antioxidant defense system Se mitigates oxidative stress. Selenium improves the yield and quality of plants. However, excessive concentration of Se exerts toxic effects on plants. This review presents the role of Se for improving plant tolerance to metal/metalloid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mirza Hasanuzzaman
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Khursheda Parvin
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Masayuki Fujita
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Masayuki Fujita
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Unal D, García-Caparrós P, Kumar V, Dietz KJ. Chloroplast-associated molecular patterns as concept for fine-tuned operational retrograde signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190443. [PMID: 32362264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts compose about one-quarter of the mesophyll cell volume and contain about 60% of the cell protein. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation is the dominating metabolism in illuminated leaves. To optimize the resource expenditure in these costly organelles and to control and adjust chloroplast metabolism, an intensive transfer of information between nucleus-cytoplasm and chloroplasts occurs in both directions as anterograde and retrograde signalling. Recent research identified multiple retrograde pathways that use metabolite transfer and include reaction products of lipids and carotenoids with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Other pathways use metabolites of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, low molecular weight antioxidants and hormone precursors to carry information between the cell compartments. This review focuses on redox- and ROS-related retrograde signalling pathways. In analogy to the microbe-associated molecular pattern, we propose the term 'chloroplast-associated molecular pattern' which connects chloroplast performance to extrachloroplast processes such as nuclear gene transcription, posttranscriptional processing, including translation, and RNA and protein fate. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Unal
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Letter, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, Higher Engineering School, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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