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Bai X, Chen Z, Chen M, Zeng B, Li X, Tu P, Hu B. Morphological, Anatomical, and Physiological Characteristics of Heteroblastic Acacia melanoxylon Grown under Weak Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 38592868 PMCID: PMC10974800 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Acacia melanoxylon is a fast-growing macrophanerophyte with strong adaptability whose leaf enables heteromorphic development. Light is one of the essential environmental factors that induces the development of the heteroblastic leaf of A. melanoxylon, but its mechanism is unclear. In this study, the seedlings of A. melanoxylon clones were treated with weak light (shading net with 40% of regular light transmittance) and normal light (control) conditions for 90 d and a follow-up observation. The results show that the seedlings' growth and biomass accumulation were inhibited under weak light. After 60 days of treatment, phyllodes were raised under the control condition while the remaining compound was raised under weak light. The balance of root, stem, and leaf biomass changed to 15:11:74 under weak light, while it was 40:15:45 under control conditions. After comparing the anatomical structures of the compound leaves and phyllode, they were shown to have their own strategies for staying hydrated, while phyllodes were more able to control water loss and adapt to intense light. The compound leaves exhibited elevated levels of K, Cu, Ca, and Mg, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content, and higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, ABA, CTK, and GA. However, they displayed a relatively limited photosynthetic capacity. Phyllodes exhibited higher levels of Fe, cellulose, lignin, IAA content, and high photosynthetic capacity with a higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, dark respiration rate, and water use efficiency. The comparative analysis of compound leaves and phyllodes provides a basis for understanding the diverse survival strategies that heteroblastic plants employ to adapt to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Bai
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Tian C, Quan H, Jiang R, Zheng Q, Huang S, Tan G, Yan C, Zhou J, Liao H. Differential roles of Cassia tora 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase in trade-off between plant growth and drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1270396. [PMID: 37929171 PMCID: PMC10623318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to global climate change, drought is emerging as a major threat to plant growth and agricultural productivity. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in plant drought tolerance, however, its retarding effects on plant growth cannot be ignored. The reactions catalyzed by 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) proteins are critical steps within the isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Here, five DXS (CtDXS1-5) and two DXR (CtDXR1-2) genes were identified from Cassia tora genome. Based on multiple assays including the phylogeny, cis-acting element, expression pattern, and subcellular localization, CtDXS1 and CtDXR1 genes might be potential candidates controlling the isoprenoid biosynthesis. Intriguingly, CtDXS1 transgenic plants resulted in drought tolerance but retardant growth, while CtDXR1 transgenic plants exhibited both enhanced drought tolerance and increased growth. By comparison of β-carotene, chlorophyll, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) contents in wild-type and transgenic plants, the absolute contents and (or) altered GA3/ABA levels were suggested to be responsible for the balance between drought tolerance and plant growth. The transcriptome of CtDXR1 transgenic plants suggested that the transcript levels of key genes, such as DXS, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCED), ent-kaurene synthase (KS) and etc, involved with chlorophyll, β-carotene, ABA and GA3 biosynthesis were induced and their contents increased accordingly. Collectively, the trade-off effect induced by CtDXR1 was associated with redesigning architecture in phytohormone homeostasis and thus was highlighted for future breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu W, Khan S, Tong M, Hu H, Yin L, Huang J. Identification and Expression of the CorA/MRS2/ALR Type Magnesium Transporters in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2512. [PMID: 37447072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent ion in plants, participating in numerous metabolic processes in growth and development. CorA/MRS2/ALR type Mg2+ transporters are essential for maintaining Mg2+ homeostasis in plants. However, the candidate protein and its potential functions in the tomato plant have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified seven MGT genes (SlMRS2) in tomato based on sequence similarity, domain analysis, conserved motif identification, and structure prediction. Two SlMRS2 genes were analyzed in the bacterial strain MM281, and a functional complementary assay demonstrated their high-affinity transport of Mg2+. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of these Mg2+ transporters were down-regulated in leaves under Mg2+ limitation, with a greater impact on lower and middle leaves compared to young leaves. Conversely, under Mg2+ toxicity, several genes were up-regulated in leaves with a circadian rhythm. Our findings indicate that members of the SlMRS2 family function as Mg2+ transporters and lay the groundwork for further analysis of their distinct functions in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengying Tong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Jin X, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang J. OsNF-YA3 regulates plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance by interacting with SLR1 and SAPK9 in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:914-933. [PMID: 36906910 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The antagonism between gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways is vital to balance plant growth and stress response. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which plants determine the balance remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that rice NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y A3 (OsNF-YA3) modulates GA- and ABA-mediated balance between plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance. OsNF-YA3 loss-of-function mutants exhibit stunted growth, compromised GA biosynthetic gene expression, and decreased GA levels, while its overexpression lines have promoted growth and enhanced GA content. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and transient transcriptional regulation assays demonstrate that OsNF-YA3 activates GA biosynthetic gene OsGA20ox1 expression. Furthermore, the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) physically interacts with OsNF-YA3 and thus inhibits its transcriptional activity. On the other side, OsNF-YA3 negatively regulates plant osmotic stress tolerance by repressing ABA response. OsNF-YA3 reduces ABA levels by transcriptionally regulating ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1 and OsABA8ox3 by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (SAPK9), the positive component in ABA signaling, interacts with OsNF-YA3 and mediates OsNF-YA3 phosphorylation, resulting in its degradation in plants. Collectively, our findings establish OsNF-YA3 as an important transcription factor that positively modulates GA-regulated plant growth and negatively controls ABA-mediated water-deficit and salt tolerance. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the balance between the growth and stress response of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Sun L, Zhang P, Xing M, Li R, Yu H, Ju Q, Yang J, Xu J. NAC32 alleviates magnesium toxicity-induced cell death through positive regulation of XIPOTL1 expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:849-853. [PMID: 36477811 PMCID: PMC9922428 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid–inducible NAC32 alleviates magnesium toxicity-mediated cell death in roots through direct regulation of XIPOTL1 expression in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Xu
- Author for correspondence:
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7
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Tang Y, Yang X, Li H, Shuai Y, Chen W, Ma D, Lü Z. Uncovering the role of wheat magnesium transporter family genes in abiotic responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078299. [PMID: 36844102 PMCID: PMC9948656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CorA / MGT / MRS2 family proteins are an important group of magnesium transporter proteins that maintain magnesium ion homeostasis in plant cells. However, little is known about the MGT functions in wheat. METHODS The known MGT sequences were used as queries to BlastP against wheat genome IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 assembly (E-value <10-5). Chromosome localization information for each TaMGT gene was obtained from the GFF3 file of the wheat genome data (IWGSCv2.1).The sequence of 1500 bp upstream of the TaMGT genes was extracted from the wheat genome data. The cis-elements were analyzed using PlantCARE online tool. RESULT A total of 24 MGT genes were identified on 18 chromosomes of wheat. After functional domain analysis, only TaMGT1A, TaMGT1B, and TaMGT1D had GMN mutations to AMN, while all the other genes had conserved GMN tripeptide motifs. Expression profiling showed that the TaMGT genes were differentially expressed under different stresses and at different growth and development stages. The expression levels of TaMGT4B and TaMGT4A were significantly up-regulated in cold damage. In addition, qRT-PCR results also confirmed that these TaMGT genes are involved in the wheat abiotic stress responses. CONCLUSION In conclusion, The results of our research provide a theoretical basis for further research on the function of TaMGT gene family in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Shuai
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
| | - Dongfang Ma
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
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Singh R, Ahmed S, Luxmi S, Rai G, Gupta AP, Bhanwaria R, Gandhi SG. An assessment of the physicochemical characteristics and essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. exposed to different salt stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165687. [PMID: 37143871 PMCID: PMC10151762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress adversely influences growth, development, and productivity in plants, resulting in a limitation on agriculture production worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of four different salts, i.e., NaCl, KCl, MgSO4, and CaCl2, applied at various concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM on the physico-chemical properties and essential oil composition of M. longifolia. After 45 days of transplantation, the plants were irrigated at different salinities at 4-day intervals for 60 days. The resulting data revealed a significant reduction in plant height, number of branches, biomass, chlorophyll content, and relative water content with rising concentrations of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2. However, MgSO4 poses fewer toxic effects than other salts. Proline concentration, electrolyte leakage, and DPPH inhibition (%) increase with increasing salt concentrations. At lower-level salt conditions, we had a higher essential oil yield, and GC-MS analysis reported 36 compounds in which (-)-carvone and D-limonene covered the most area by 22%-50% and 45%-74%, respectively. The expression analyzed by qRT-PCR of synthetic Limonene (LS) and Carvone (ISPD) synthetic genes has synergistic and antagonistic relationships in response to salt treatments. To conclude, it can be said that lower levels of salt enhanced the production of essential oil in M. longifolia, which may provide future benefits commercially and medicinally. In addition to this, salt stress also resulted in the emergence of novel compounds in essential oils, for which future strategies are needed to identify the importance of these compounds in M. longifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Singh
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sajad Ahmed
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Savita Luxmi
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Garima Rai
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Rajendra Bhanwaria
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sumit G. Gandhi, ; ; Rajendra Bhanwaria,
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sumit G. Gandhi, ; ; Rajendra Bhanwaria,
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9
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Kocourková D, Kroumanová K, Podmanická T, Daněk M, Martinec J. Phospholipase Dα1 Acts as a Negative Regulator of High Mg 2+-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770794. [PMID: 34899793 PMCID: PMC8656112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a macronutrient involved in essential cellular processes. Its deficiency or excess is a stress factor for plants, seriously affecting their growth and development and therefore, its accurate regulation is essential. Recently, we discovered that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) activity is vital in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions in Arabidopsis roots. This study shows that PLDα1 acts as a negative regulator of high-Mg2+-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The level of phosphatidic acid produced by PLDα1 and the amount of PLDα1 in the leaves increase in plants treated with high Mg2+. A knockout mutant of PLDα1 (pldα1-1), exhibits premature leaf senescence under high-Mg2+ conditions. In pldα1-1 plants, higher accumulation of abscisic and jasmonic acid (JA) and impaired magnesium, potassium and phosphate homeostasis were observed under high-Mg2+ conditions. High Mg2+ also led to an increase of starch and proline content in Arabidopsis plants. While the starch content was higher in pldα1-1 plants, proline content was significantly lower in pldα1-1 compared with wild type plants. Our results show that PLDα1 is essential for Arabidopsis plants to cope with the pleiotropic effects of high-Mg2+ stress and delay the leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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10
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Deepika D, Singh A. Plant phospholipase D: novel structure, regulatory mechanism, and multifaceted functions with biotechnological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:106-124. [PMID: 34167393 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases D (PLDs) are important membrane lipid-modifying enzymes in eukaryotes. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, is a vital signaling molecule. PLD-mediated lipid signaling has been the subject of extensive research leading to discovery of its crystal structure. PLDs are involved in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, therefore, viewed as promising targets for drug design. The availability of a eukaryotic PLD crystal structure will encourage PLD targeted drug designing. PLDs have been implicated in plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of response is not clear. Recently, several novel findings have shown that PLD mediated modulation of structural and developmental processes, such as: stomata movement, root growth and microtubule organization are crucial for plants adaptation to environmental stresses. Involvement of PLDs in regulating membrane remodeling, auxin mediated alteration of root system architecture and nutrient uptake to combat nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies and magnesium toxicity is established. PLDs via vesicle trafficking modulate cytoskeleton and exocytosis to regulate self-incompatibility (SI) signaling in flowering plants, thereby contributes to plants hybrid vigor and diversity. In addition, the important role of PLDs has been recognized in biotechnologically important functions, including oil/TAG synthesis and maintenance of seed quality. In this review, we describe the crystal structure of a plant PLD and discuss the molecular mechanism of catalysis and activity regulation. Further, the role of PLDs in regulating plant development under biotic and abiotic stresses, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, magnesium ion toxicity, SI signaling and pollen tube growth and in important biotechnological applications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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11
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Xiang Q, Hu S, Ligaba-Osena A, Yang J, Tong F, Guo W. Seasonal Variation in Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Fully Developed Tuberous Roots Enriches Candidate Genes in Essential Metabolic Pathways and Phytohormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659645. [PMID: 34305963 PMCID: PMC8300961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) is a perennial climbing liana and an endemic plant to southern China. Its tuberous roots (TRs) are used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating some diseases such as high fever, pneumonia, asthma, hepatitis, and cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of TR and the content of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids (FPs) are not well-understood. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 12 fully developed TR (FD-TR) samples harvested in four seasons [spring (Sp), summer (Su), autumn (Au), and winter (Wi)] using the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). We obtained a total of 78.54 Gb raw data and 65,578 unigenes. Then, the unigenes were annotated by using six databases such as non-redundant protein database (NR), Pfam, eggNOG, SWISSProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO). The transcriptomic profiling showed closer relationships between the samples obtained in Su and Au than those obtained in Sp and Wi based on the results of both total unigenes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three pathways, including the biosynthesis of FPs, metabolism of starch and sucrose, and signaling of phytohormones, were highly enriched, suggesting a gene-level seasonal variation. Based on the numbers of DEGs, brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction factors appeared to play a key role in modulating the development of TRs while most of the auxin signaling genes were mainly activated in Wi and Sp FD-TRs. Most genes in the biosynthesis and biodegradation of starch and biodegradation of cellulose were activated in Wi FD-TRs. As determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and aluminum nitrate colorimetric method, the contents of total flavonoids and most detected FP components increased from Sp to Au but decreased in Wi. Enhanced expression levels of some genes in the biosynthetic pathways of FPs were detected in Su and Au samples, which corroborated well with metabolite content. Our findings provide the first transcriptomic and biochemical data on a seasonal variation in the composition of medically important metabolites in SYQ FD-TRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudan Tong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Guo ;
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12
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Kocourková D, Krčková Z, Pejchar P, Kroumanová K, Podmanická T, Daněk M, Martinec J. Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high-Mg 2+ stress response partially through regulation of K + homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2460-2475. [PMID: 32583878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular levels of Mg2+ are tightly regulated, as Mg2+ deficiency or excess affects normal plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, we determined that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) is involved in the stress response to high-magnesium conditions. The T-DNA insertion mutant pldα1 is hypersensitive to increased concentrations of magnesium, exhibiting reduced primary root length and fresh weight. PLDα1 activity increases rapidly after high-Mg2+ treatment, and this increase was found to be dose dependent. Two lines harbouring mutations in the HKD motif, which is essential for PLDα1 activity, displayed the same high-Mg2+ hypersensitivity of pldα1 plants. Moreover, we show that high concentrations of Mg2+ disrupt K+ homeostasis, and that transcription of K+ homeostasis-related genes CIPK9 and HAK5 is impaired in pldα1. Additionally, we found that the akt1, hak5 double mutant is hypersensitive to high-Mg2+ . We conclude that in Arabidopsis, the enzyme activity of PLDα1 is vital in the response to high-Mg2+ conditions, and that PLDα1 mediates this response partially through regulation of K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kroumanová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Podmanická
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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The Effects of Saline Stress on the Growth of Two Shrub Species in the Qaidam Basin of Northwestern China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a serious issue in the Qaidam Basin and significantly limits economic development. To explore the salt tolerance of two shrubs in this area, we determined several parameters, including the Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci, μmol mol−1), stomatal conductance (Gs, umol m−2s−1), and water use efficiency (WUE) under different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol·L−1). In addition, the shrubs of Elaeagnus angustifolia and Lycium barbarum of salt tolerance were evaluated. The photosynthetic parameters of E. angustifolia were more sensitive to salinity than those of L. barbarum, and SPAD, Pn, Tr, and WUE of E. angustifolia decreased significantly with increasing salt concentrations (P < 0.05), while in L. barbarum, SPAD, Pn, and Tr decreased significantly with increasing salt concentrations (P < 0.05), but the WUE of L. barbarum showed no significantly variation under the salt concentration gradient. The results of correlation matrix of photosynthetic index also indicated that the minimum salt tolerance of E. angustifolia and L. barbarum were 108.4 and 246.3 mmol·L−1, respectively. Our results provide a scientific basis for the selection of salt-tolerant plant species in of northwest China.
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Zhang H, Zhu S, Liu T, Wang C, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Sheng P, Cai M, Li C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chai J, Zhou L, Lei C, Guo X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang L, Wu C, Wan J. DELAYED HEADING DATE1 interacts with OsHAP5C/D, delays flowering time and enhances yield in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:531-539. [PMID: 30107076 PMCID: PMC6335081 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heading date is an important agronomic trait affecting crop yield. The GRAS protein family is a plant-specific super family extensively involved in plant growth and signal transduction. However, GRAS proteins are rarely reported have a role in regulating rice heading date. Here, we report a GRAS protein DHD1 (Delayed Heading Date1) delays heading and enhances yield in rice. Biochemical assays showed DHD1 physically interacts with OsHAP5C/D both in vitro and in vivo. DHD1 and OsHAP5C/D located in the nucleus and showed that rhythmic expression. Both DHD1 and OsHAP5C/D affect heading date by regulating expression of Ehd1. We propose that DHD1 interacts with OsHAP5C/D to delay heading date by inhibiting expression of Ehd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tianzhen Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liping Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Peike Sheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Maohong Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiachang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juntao Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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15
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Wang Y, Hua X, Xu J, Chen Z, Fan T, Zeng Z, Wang H, Hour AL, Yu Q, Ming R, Zhang J. Comparative genomics revealed the gene evolution and functional divergence of magnesium transporter families in Saccharum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:83. [PMID: 30678642 PMCID: PMC6345045 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugarcane served as the model plant for discovery of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Magnesium is the central atom of chlorophyll, and thus is considered as a critical nutrient for plant development and photosynthesis. In plants, the magnesium transporter (MGT) family is composed of a number of membrane proteins, which play crucial roles in maintaining Mg homeostasis. However, to date there is no information available on the genomics of MGTs in sugarcane due to the complexity of the Saccharum genome. Results Here, we identified 10 MGTs from the Saccharum spontaneum genome. Phylogenetic analysis of MGTs suggested that the MGTs contained at least 5 last common ancestors before the origin of angiosperms. Gene structure analysis suggested that MGTs family of dicotyledon may be accompanied by intron loss and pseudoexon phenomena during evolution. The pairwise synonymous substitution rates corresponding to a divergence time ranged from 142.3 to 236.6 Mya, demonstrating that the MGTs are an ancient gene family in plants. Both the phylogeny and Ks analyses indicated that SsMGT1/SsMGT2 originated from the recent ρWGD, and SsMGT7/SsMGT8 originated from the recent σ WGD. These 4 recently duplicated genes were shown low expression levels and assumed to be functionally redundant. MGT6, MGT9 and MGT10 weredominant genes in the MGT family and werepredicted to be located inthe chloroplast. Of the 3 dominant MGTs, SsMGT6 expression levels were found to be induced in the light period, while SsMGT9 and SsMTG10 displayed high expression levels in the dark period. These results suggested that SsMGT6 may have a function complementary to SsMGT9 and SsMTG10 that follows thecircadian clock for MGT in the leaf tissues of S. spontaneum. MGT3, MGT7 and MGT10 had higher expression levels Insaccharum officinarum than in S. spontaneum, suggesting their functional divergence after the split of S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. Conclusions This study of gene evolution and expression of MGTs in S. spontaneum provided basis for the comprehensive genomic study of the entire MGT genes family in Saccharum. The results are valuable for further functional analyses of MGT genes and utilization of the MGTs for Saccharum genetic improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5437-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Tianqu Fan
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaohui Zeng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hengbo Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ai-Ling Hour
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., Taibei, 242, Taiwan
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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16
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Niu Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu S, Jin G, Tang C, Guo L. Natural variation among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in tolerance to high magnesium supply. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13640. [PMID: 30206317 PMCID: PMC6134027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High magnesium (Mg2+) in some extreme serpentine soils or semi-arid regions is an important factor affecting crop growth and development. Specific loci that form the genetic framework underlying high Mg2+ homeostasis, however, are not well understood. By using GWA mapping on 388 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana selected from a worldwide collection and genotyped at approximately 250,00 SNPs, we successfully identified 109 and 74 putative genetic regions associated in nutrient traits under normal (1,000 µM) and high Mg2+ (10,000 µM), respectively. Above 90% SNPs associated with nutrients including Mg2+ and only two SNPs shared between normal and high Mg2+. A single strong peak of SNPs associated with Ca concentration corresponding to candidate gene At1g60420 ARABIDOPSIS NUCLEOREDOXIN (AtNRX1) under high Mg2+ was further determined. Compared with wildtype, mutants of Atnrx1-1 and Atnrx1-2 supplied with high Mg2+ had higher Ca concentrations in the plant, and higher cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations during root elongation, as well as higher fresh weight and lateral-root number. This suggests that AtNRX1 was a critical gene negatively regulating Ca uptake under high Mg2+ conditions. The discovery could help to breed/select crops that can adapt to high-Mg2+ soils such as serpentine soils (high ratio of Mg2+: Ca2+) or Mars soil with high levels of magnesium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gulei Jin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Vic, 3086, Australia
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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18
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Liu X, Hou X. Antagonistic Regulation of ABA and GA in Metabolism and Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:251. [PMID: 29535756 PMCID: PMC5834473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are widely recognized as essential endogenous regulators that mostly play antagonistic roles in plant developmental processes and environmental responses. A variety of both internal and external cues oppositely regulate GA and ABA biosynthesis and catabolism, which directly and indirectly affect their signaling pathways and subsequent responses. Recent discoveries have revealed direct molecular links between GA- and ABA-signaling components, which provide novel insights into their antagonistic regulation. In this review, we mainly focus on these recent reports and the growing understanding of GA and ABA antagonism in metabolic regulation and signaling interactions, and attempt to clarify the problems and challenges involved in exploring the complicated regulatory events associated with these two phytohormones.
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Li H, Wang N, Ding J, Liu C, Du H, Huang K, Cao M, Lu Y, Gao S, Zhang S. The maize CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg transporter, ZmMGT10, responses to magnesium deficiency and confers low magnesium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:269-278. [PMID: 28871377 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in maize roots and induced by a deficiency of magnesium. Overexpression of ZmMGT10 restored growth deficiency of the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 strain and enhanced the tolerance in Arabidopsis to stress induced by low magnesium levels by increasing uptake of Mg2+ via roots. CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg2+ transporters play a significant role in maintaining magnesium (Mg) homeostasis in plants. Although the maize CorA/MRS2/MGT family comprises of 12 members, currently no member has been functionally characterized. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of ZmMGT10 from the maize MRS2/MGT gene family. ZmMGT10 has a typical structure feature which includes two conserved TMs near the C-terminal end and an altered AMN tripeptide motif. The high sequence similarity and close phylogenetic relationship indicates that ZmMGT10 is probably the counterpart of Arabidopsis AtMGT6. The complementation of the Salmonella typhimurium mutated MM281 strain indicates that ZmMGT10 possesses the ability to transport Mg2+. ZmMGT10 was specifically expressed in the plant roots and it can be stimulated by a deficiency of Mg. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which overexpressed ZmMGT10 grew more vigorously than wild-type plants under low Mg conditions, exhibited by longer root length, higher plant fresh weight and chlorophyll content, suggesting ZmMGT10 was essential for plant growth and development under low Mg conditions. Further investigations found that high accumulation of Mg2+ occurred in transgenic plants attributed to improved Mg2+ uptake and thereby enhanced tolerance to Mg deficiency. Results from this investigation illustrate that ZmMGT10 is a Mg transporter of maize which can enhance the tolerance to Mg deficient conditions by improving Mg2+ uptake in the transgenic plants of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianzhou Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Maize Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Li H, Du H, Huang K, Chen X, Liu T, Gao S, Liu H, Tang Q, Rong T, Zhang S. Identification, and Functional and Expression Analyses of the CorA/MRS2/MGT-Type Magnesium Transporter Family in Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1153-68. [PMID: 27084594 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and the CorA/MRS2/MGT-type Mg(2+) transporters play important roles in maintaining Mg(2+) homeostasis in plants. Although the MRS2/MGT genes have been identified in two model plant species, Arabidopsis and rice, a comprehensive analysis of the MRS2/MGT gene family in other plants is lacking. In this work, 12 putative MRS2/MGT genes (ZmMGT1- ZmMGT12) were identified in maize and all of them were classified into five distinct subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. A complementation assay in the Salmonella typhimurium MM281 strain showed that five representatives of the 12 members possess Mg(2+) transport abilities. Inhibition of ZmMGT protein activity using the hexaamminecobalt (III) (Co-Hex) inhibitor indicated that the ZmMGT protein mediated both low-affinity and high-affinity Mg(2+) transport in maize. A semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that eight genes were constitutively expressed in all of the detected tissues, with one being specifically expressed in roots and three having no detectable expression signals. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that some ZmMGT members displayed differential responses to Mg(2+) deficiency and aluminum (Al) stress. Furthermore, root growth inhibition and Mg(2+) accumulation analyses in two maize inbred lines, which conferred different levels of Al tolerance, revealed that ZmMGT proteins contributed to the Al resistance of the Al tolerance genotype. We hypothesize that ZmMGT family members function as Mg(2+) transporters and may play a role in linking Mg(2+) deficiency and Al stress responses. Our results will be valuable in a further analysis of the important biological functions of ZmMGT members in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qilin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhu N, Cheng S, Liu X, Du H, Dai M, Zhou DX, Yang W, Zhao Y. The R2R3-type MYB gene OsMYB91 has a function in coordinating plant growth and salt stress tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:146-56. [PMID: 26025528 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a number of different mechanisms to respond and to adapt to abiotic stress for their survival. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in coordinating abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth are not fully understood. Here, the function of OsMYB91, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor of rice was explored. OsMYB91 was induced by abiotic stress, especially by salt stress. Analysis of chromatin structure of the gene revealed that salt stress led to rapid removal of DNA methylation from the promoter region and rapid changes of histone modifications in the locus. Plants over-expressing OsMYB91 showed reduced plant growth and accumulation of endogenous ABA under control conditions. Under salt stress, the over-expression plants showed enhanced tolerance with significant increases of proline levels and a highly enhanced capacity to scavenge active oxygen as well as the increased induction of OsP5CS1 and LOC_Os03g44130 compared to wild type, while RNAi plants were less sensitive. In addition, expression of OsMYB91 was also induced by other abiotic stresses and hormone treatment. More interestingly, SLR1, the rice homolog of Arabidopsis DELLA genes that have been shown to integrate endogenous developmental signals with adverse environmental conditions, was highly induced by OsMYB91 over-expression, while the salt-induction of SLR1 expression was impaired in the RNAi plants. These results suggested that OsMYB91 was a stress-responsive gene that might be involved in coordinating rice tolerance to abiotic stress and plant growth by regulating SLR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Saifeng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mingqiu Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Tarkowski ŁP, Van den Ende W. Cold tolerance triggered by soluble sugars: a multifaceted countermeasure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 25926837 PMCID: PMC4396355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Guo W, Chen S, Hussain N, Cong Y, Liang Z, Chen K. Magnesium stress signaling in plant: just a beginning. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e992287. [PMID: 25806908 PMCID: PMC4622836 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.992287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important nutrients, involves mainly in plant growth and development. However, the signaling pathways response to magnesium stresses (MgSs) is known little, but several studies lately may improve the research development. Several phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxins, and their factors were found responding to MgSs, and there may be some signal pathways linking these hormones and downstream reactions together, e.g., carbon fixation and transfer, starch and sugar metabolism, ion uptaking and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increasing. Consequently, Arabidopsis morphogenesis is remodeled. In this review, we mainly discussed recent literatures involving in plant response to MgSs (Mg deficiency (MgD) and Mg toxicity (MgT)), including plant morphogenesis remodeling, magnesium transporters and signaling transductions. Moreover, the future study challenges related to the responding signalings to MgSs in plants are also presented. Regardless, the iceberg of signal transduction of MgSs in plants is appeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Guo
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoning Chen
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Cong
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area; College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling, China
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