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Li S, Zhao Y, Wu P, Grierson D, Gao L. Ripening and rot: How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39016673 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen; for example, changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect fruits. The need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this review, we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by pathogens. These changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry, such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle, along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth, such as preformed and induced defense compounds. The plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid signaling. These phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors (TFs) that activate resistance mechanisms, including the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. In tomato, ripening regulators, such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON_RIPENING, not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against pathogens. Moreover, members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense, with different members being regulated by different phytohormones. We also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defense-related TFs with the Mediator transcription complex. As the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities, these processes have broad applications across fruiting crops. Further research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit, satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Li H, Chen Y, Dai Y, Yang L, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase genes in response to drought in poplars. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:657. [PMID: 38956453 PMCID: PMC11218084 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are involved in plant growth and development as well as in response to environmental changes, by dynamically regulating gene acetylation levels. Although there have been numerous reports on the identification and function of HDAC and HAT in herbaceous plants, there are fewer report related genes in woody plants under drought stress. RESULTS In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the HDAC and HAT families in Populus trichocarpa, including phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, conserved domains, and expression analysis. A total of 16 PtrHDACs and 12 PtrHATs were identified in P. trichocarpa genome. Analysis of cis-elements in the promoters of PtrHDACs and PtrHATs revealed that both gene families could respond to a variety of environmental signals, including hormones and drought. Furthermore, real time quantitative PCR indicated that PtrHDA906 and PtrHAG3 were significantly responsive to drought. PtrHDA906, PtrHAC1, PtrHAC3, PtrHAG2, PtrHAG6 and PtrHAF1 consistently responded to abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid under drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that PtrHDACs and PtrHATs may respond to drought through hormone signaling pathways, which helps to reveal the hub of acetylation modification in hormone regulation of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Hu J, Wang J, Muhammad T, Yang T, Li N, Yang H, Yu Q, Wang B. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Carotenoid Biosynthesis Reveals the Mechanism of Fruit Color Change in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6493. [PMID: 38928199 PMCID: PMC11204166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is accompanied by carotenoid accumulation and color changes. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid synthesis during fruit ripening, a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was conducted on red-fruited tomato (WP190) and orange-fruited tomato (ZH108). A total of twenty-nine (29) different carotenoid compounds were identified in tomato fruits at six different stages. The abundance of the majority of the carotenoids was enhanced significantly with fruit ripening, with higher levels of lycopene; (E/Z)-lycopene; and α-, β- and γ-carotenoids detected in the fruits of WP190 at 50 and 60 days post anthesis (DPA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the fruits of two varieties exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 50 DPA, and a module of co-expressed genes related to the fruit carotenoid content was established by WGCNA. qRT-PCR analysis validated the transcriptome result with a significantly elevated transcript level of lycopene biosynthesis genes (including SlPSY2, SlZCIS, SlPDS, SlZDS and SlCRTSO2) observed in WP190 at 50 DPA in comparison to ZH108. In addition, during the ripening process, the expression of ethylene biosynthesis (SlACSs and SlACOs) and signaling (SlEIN3 and SlERF1) genes was also increased, and these mechanisms may regulate carotenoid accumulation and fruit ripening in tomato. Differential expression of several key genes in the fruit of two tomato varieties at different stages regulates the accumulation of carotenoids and leads to differences in color between the two varieties of tomato. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of carotenoid accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway regulatory mechanisms during tomato fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Qinghui Yu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
| | - Baike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.)
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4
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He X, Liu K, Wu Y, Xu W, Wang R, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Wu M, Liu M. A transcriptional cascade mediated by two APETALA2 family members orchestrates carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1227-1241. [PMID: 38546046 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important nutrients for human health that must be obtained from plants since they cannot be biosynthesized by the human body. Dissecting the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in plants represents the first step toward manipulating carotenoid contents in plants by molecular design breeding. In this study, we determined that SlAP2c, an APETALA2 (AP2) family member, acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Knockout of SlAP2c in both the "MicroTom" and "Ailsa Craig" backgrounds resulted in greater lycopene accumulation, whereas overexpression of this gene led to orange-ripe fruit with significantly lower lycopene contents than the wild type. We established that SlAP2c represses the expression of genes involved in lycopene biosynthesis by directly binding to the cis-elements in their promoters. Moreover, SlAP2c relies on its EAR motif to recruit the co-repressors TOPLESS (TPL)2/4 and forms a complex with histone deacetylase (had)1/3, thereby reducing the histone acetylation levels of lycopene biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, SlAP2a, a homolog of SlAP2c, acts upstream of SlAP2c and alleviates the SlAP2c-induced repression of lycopene biosynthesis genes by inhibiting SlAP2c transcription during fruit ripening. Therefore, we identified a transcriptional cascade mediated by AP2 family members that regulates lycopene biosynthesis during fruit ripening in tomato, laying the foundation for the manipulation of carotenoid metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, 31013, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, 31013, France
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Zhou J, Zhou S, Chen B, Sangsoy K, Luengwilai K, Albornoz K, Beckles DM. Integrative analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of tomato fruit ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) induced by postharvest handling. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae095. [PMID: 38840937 PMCID: PMC11151332 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is triggered by the demethylation of key genes, which alters their transcriptional levels thereby initiating and propagating a cascade of physiological events. What is unknown is how these processes are altered when fruit are ripened using postharvest practices to extend shelf-life, as these practices often reduce fruit quality. To address this, postharvest handling-induced changes in the fruit DNA methylome and transcriptome, and how they correlate with ripening speed, and ripening indicators such as ethylene, abscisic acid, and carotenoids, were assessed. This study comprehensively connected changes in physiological events with dynamic molecular changes. Ripening fruit that reached 'Turning' (T) after dark storage at 20°C, 12.5°C, or 5°C chilling (followed by 20°C rewarming) were compared to fresh-harvest fruit 'FHT'. Fruit stored at 12.5°C had the biggest epigenetic marks and alterations in gene expression, exceeding changes induced by postharvest chilling. Fruit physiological and chronological age were uncoupled at 12.5°C, as the time-to-ripening was the longest. Fruit ripening to Turning at 12.5°C was not climacteric; there was no respiratory or ethylene burst, rather, fruit were high in abscisic acid. Clear differentiation between postharvest-ripened and 'FHT' was evident in the methylome and transcriptome. Higher expression of photosynthetic genes and chlorophyll levels in 'FHT' fruit pointed to light as influencing the molecular changes in fruit ripening. Finally, correlative analyses of the -omics data putatively identified genes regulated by DNA methylation. Collectively, these data improve our interpretation of how tomato fruit ripening patterns are altered by postharvest practices, and long-term are expected to help improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
| | - Sitian Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bixuan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Germains Seed Technology, 8333 Swanston Lane, Gilroy, CA 95020, USA
| | - Kamonwan Sangsoy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Kietsuda Luengwilai
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Karin Albornoz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Coastal Research and Education Center, Clemson University, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
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6
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Yang X, Su Y, Huang S, Hou Q, Wei P, Hao Y, Huang J, Xiao H, Ma Z, Xu X, Wang X, Cao S, Cao X, Zhang M, Wen X, Ma Y, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Cao K, Qiao G. Comparative population genomics reveals convergent and divergent selection in the apricot-peach-plum-mei complex. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae109. [PMID: 38883333 PMCID: PMC11179850 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The economically significant genus Prunus includes fruit and nut crops that have been domesticated for shared and specific agronomic traits; however, the genomic signals of convergent and divergent selection have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to detect genomic signatures of convergent and divergent selection by conducting comparative population genomic analyses of the apricot-peach-plum-mei (APPM) complex, utilizing a haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome assembly and population resequencing data. The haplotype-resolved T2T reference genome for the plum cultivar was assembled through HiFi and Hi-C reads, resulting in two haplotypes 251.25 and 251.29 Mb in size, respectively. Comparative genomics reveals a chromosomal translocation of ~1.17 Mb in the apricot genomes compared with peach, plum, and mei. Notably, the translocation involves the D locus, significantly impacting titratable acidity (TA), pH, and sugar content. Population genetic analysis detected substantial gene flow between plum and apricot, with introgression regions enriched in post-embryonic development and pollen germination processes. Comparative population genetic analyses revealed convergent selection for stress tolerance, flower development, and fruit ripening, along with divergent selection shaping specific crop, such as somatic embryogenesis in plum, pollen germination in mei, and hormone regulation in peach. Notably, selective sweeps on chromosome 7 coincide with a chromosomal collinearity from the comparative genomics, impacting key fruit-softening genes such as PG, regulated by ERF and RMA1H1. Overall, this study provides insights into the genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and domestication of the APPM complex, offering valuable implications for genetic studies and breeding programs of Prunus crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Su
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Siyang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yani Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhiyao Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuejing Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Institute of Pomology Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Ke Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Pei Y, Xue Q, Shu P, Xu W, Du X, Wu M, Liu K, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Hong Y, Liu M. Bifunctional transcription factors SlERF.H5 and H7 activate cell wall and repress gibberellin biosynthesis genes in tomato via a conserved motif. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1345-1359.e6. [PMID: 38579721 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure that plays an essential role in development, but the mechanism regulating cell wall formation remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that two transcription factors, SlERF.H5 and SlERF.H7, control cell wall formation and tomato fruit firmness in an additive manner. Knockout of SlERF.H5, SlERF.H7, or both genes decreased cell wall thickness, firmness, and cellulose contents in fruits during early development, especially in double-knockout lines. Overexpressing either gene resulted in thicker cell walls and greater fruit firmness with elevated cellulose levels in fruits but severely dwarf plants with lower gibberellin contents. We further identified that SlERF.H5 and SlERF.H7 activate the cellulose biosynthesis gene SlCESA3 but repress the gibberellin biosynthesis gene GA20ox1. Moreover, we identified a conserved LPL motif in these ERFs responsible for their activities as transcriptional activators and repressors, providing insight into how bifunctional transcription factors modulate distinct developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qihan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, UK; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Feng Q, Long T, Ding J, Shu P, Deng H, Yu P, Tan W, Liu S, Rodriguez LG, Wang L, Resco de Dios V, Yao Y. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5a modulates FLOWERING LOCUS T2 and gibberellin levels to control dormancy and bud break in poplar. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1963-1984. [PMID: 38271284 PMCID: PMC11062467 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue for phenological responses, including growth cessation and winter dormancy in perennial woody plants. Two regulatory modules within the photoperiod pathway explain bud dormancy induction in poplar (Populus spp.): the circadian oscillator LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (LHY2) and GIGANTEA-like genes (GIs) both regulate the key target for winter dormancy induction FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2). However, modification of LHY2 and GIs cannot completely prevent growth cessation and bud set under short-day (SD) conditions, indicating that additional regulatory modules are likely involved. We identified PtoHY5a, an orthologs of the photomorphogenesis regulatory factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in poplar (Populus tomentosa), that directly activates PtoFT2 expression and represses the circadian oscillation of LHY2, indirectly activating PtoFT2 expression. Thus, PtoHY5a suppresses SD-induced growth cessation and bud set. Accordingly, PtoHY5a knockout facilitates dormancy induction. PtoHY5a also inhibits bud-break in poplar by controlling gibberellic acid (GA) levels in apical buds. Additionally, PtoHY5a regulates the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth downstream of phytochrome PHYB2. Thus, PtoHY5a modulates seasonal growth in poplar by regulating the PtoPHYB2-PtoHY5a-PtoFT2 module to determine the onset of winter dormancy, and by fine-tuning GA levels to control bud-break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Tao Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Peizhi Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lucas Gutierrez Rodriguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
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9
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Mo H, Chang H, Zhao G, Hu G, Luo X, Jia X, Xu Z, Ren G, Feng L, Wendel JF, Chen X, Ren M, Li F. iJAZ-based approach to engineer lepidopteran pest resistance in multiple crop species. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:771-784. [PMID: 38684916 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) poses a significant threat to global crop production. Here we showed that overexpression of jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein GhJAZ24 confers resistance to cotton bollworm and FAW, while also causing sterility in transgenic cotton by recruiting TOPLESS and histone deacetylase 6. We identified the NGR motif of GhJAZ24 that recognizes and binds the aminopeptidase N receptor, enabling GhJAZ24 to enter cells and disrupt histone deacetylase 3, leading to cell death. To overcome plant sterility associated with GhJAZ24 overexpression, we developed iJAZ (i, induced), an approach involving damage-induced expression and a switch from intracellular to extracellular localization of GhJAZ24. iJAZ transgenic cotton maintained fertility and showed insecticidal activity against cotton bollworm and FAW. In addition, iJAZ transgenic rice, maize and tobacco plants showed insecticidal activity against their lepidopteran pests, resulting in an iJAZ-based approach for generating alternative insecticidal proteins with distinctive mechanisms of action, thus holding immense potential for future crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Huimin Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenlu Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Zhang F, Pan Z, Han C, Dong H, Lin L, Qiao Q, Zhao K, Wu J, Tao S, Zhang S, Huang X. Pyrus betulaefolia ERF3 interacts with HsfC1a to coordinately regulate aquaporin PIP1;4 and NCED4 for drought tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae090. [PMID: 38799129 PMCID: PMC11116902 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Environmental disasters like drought reduce agricultural output and plant growth. Redox management significantly affects plant stress responses. An earlier study found that PbPIP1;4 transports H2O2 and promotes H2O2 downstream cascade signaling to restore redox equilibrium. However, this regulatory mechanism requires additional investigation. In this search, the AP2 domain-containing transcription factor was isolated by screening Y1H from the wild pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) cDNA library, named PbERF3. The overexpression of PbERF3 in pear callus and Arabidopsis enhanced plant resistance to drought and re-established redox balance. The transcripts of the NCEDs gene were upregulated under drought stress. The drought stress-related abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway modulates PbERF3. PbERF3 silencing lowered drought tolerance. Furthermore, yeast 2-hybrid, luciferase, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays verified that PbERF3 physically interacted with PbHsfC1a. The PbERF3-PbHsfC1a heterodimer coordinately bound to PbPIP1;4 and PbNCED4 promoter, therefore activating both the H2O2 and the ABA signaling pathway. This work revealed a novel PbERF3-PbHsfC1a-PbNCED4-PbPIP1;4 regulatory module, in which PbERF3 interacts with PbHsfC1a to trigger the expression of target genes. This module establishes an interaction between the H2O2 signaling component PbPIP1;4 and the ABA pathways component PbNCED4, enabling a response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhijian Pan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huizhen Dong
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Likun Lin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qinghai Qiao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keke Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Tongwei Road, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Shen Q, Cai L, Zhao H, Zhang K, Ma Y, Bo Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang M. Promoter variations of ClERF1 gene determines flesh firmness in watermelon. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:290. [PMID: 38627629 PMCID: PMC11020897 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flesh firmness is a critical factor that influences fruit storability, shelf-life and consumer's preference as well. However, less is known about the key genetic factors that are associated with flesh firmness in fresh fruits like watermelon. RESULTS In this study, through bulk segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that influenced variations in flesh firmness among recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from cross between the Citrullus mucosospermus accession ZJU152 with hard-flesh and Citrullus lanatus accession ZJU163 with soft-flesh. Fine mapping and sequence variations analyses revealed that ethylene-responsive factor 1 (ClERF1) was the most likely candidate gene for watermelon flesh firmness. Furthermore, several variations existed in the promoter region between ClERF1 of two parents, and significantly higher expressions of ClERF1 were found in hard-flesh ZJU152 compared with soft-flesh ZJU163 at key developmental stages. DUAL-LUC and GUS assays suggested much stronger promoter activity in ZJU152 over ZJU163. In addition, the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) genotyping datasets of RIL populations and germplasm accessions further supported ClERF1 as a possible candidate gene for fruit flesh firmness variability and the hard-flesh genotype might only exist in wild species C. mucosospermus. Through yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual luciferase assay, we found that ClERF1 could directly bind to the promoters of auxin-responsive protein (ClAux/IAA) and exostosin family protein (ClEXT) and positively regulated their expressions influencing fruit ripening and cell wall biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ClERF1 encoding an ethylene-responsive factor 1 is associated with flesh firmness in watermelon and provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of flesh firmness, and the ClERF1 gene is potentially applicable to the molecular improvement of fruit-flesh firmness by design breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Shen
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Cai
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Precision Crop Design Breeding, Hanghzou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Bai F, Shu P, Deng H, Wu Y, Chen Y, Wu M, Ma T, Zhang Y, Pirrello J, Li Z, Hong Y, Bouzayen M, Liu M. A distal enhancer guides the negative selection of toxic glycoalkaloids during tomato domestication. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2894. [PMID: 38570494 PMCID: PMC10991328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are major plant defense metabolites against pests, while they are considered poisonous in food. The genetic basis that guides negative selection of SGAs production during tomato domestication remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a distal enhancer, GAME Enhancer 1 (GE1), as the key regulator of SGAs metabolism in tomato. GE1 recruits MYC2-GAME9 transcriptional complex to regulate the expression of GAME cluster genes via the formation of chromatin loops located in the neighboring DNA region. A naturally occurring GE176 allelic variant is found to be more active in stimulating GAME expression. We show that the weaker GE1 allele has been the main driver for selecting reduced SGAs levels during tomato domestication. Unravelling the "TFs-Enhancer-Promoter" regulatory mechanism operating in SGAs metabolism opens unprecedented prospects for SGAs manipulation in Solanaceae via precision breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation and College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Xiong J, Liu Y, Wu P, Bian Z, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu B. Identification and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis of methyltransferase affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. PLANTA 2024; 259:109. [PMID: 38558186 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Six methyltransferase genes affecting tomato fruit ripening were identified through genome-wide screening, VIGS assay, and expression pattern analysis. The data provide the basis for understanding new mechanisms of methyltransferases. Fruit ripening is a critical stage for the formation of edible quality and seed maturation, which is finely modulated by kinds of factors, including genetic regulators, hormones, external signals, etc. Methyltransferases (MTases), important genetic regulators, play vital roles in plant development through epigenetic regulation, post-translational modification, or other mechanisms. However, the regulatory functions of numerous MTases except DNA methylation in fruit ripening remain limited so far. Here, six MTases, which act on different types of substrates, were identified to affect tomato fruit ripening. First, 35 MTase genes with relatively high expression at breaker (Br) stage of tomato fruit were screened from the tomato MTase gene database encompassing 421 genes totally. Thereafter, six MTase genes were identified as potential regulators of fruit ripening via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), including four genes with a positive regulatory role and two genes with a negative regulatory role, respectively. The expression of these six MTase genes exhibited diverse patterns during the fruit ripening process, and responded to various external ripening-related factors, including ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), temperature, and light exposure. These results help to further elaborate the biological mechanisms of MTase genes in tomato fruit ripening and enrich the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening involving MTases, despite of DNA MTases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xiong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Bian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Deng H, Pei Y, Xu X, Du X, Xue Q, Gao Z, Shu P, Wu Y, Liu Z, Jian Y, Wu M, Wang Y, Li Z, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Deng W, Hong Y, Liu M. Ethylene-MPK8-ERF.C1-PR module confers resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit without compromising ripening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:592-609. [PMID: 38402567 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene plays a critical role in fruit defense against Botrytis cinerea attack, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that ethylene response factor SlERF.C1 acts as a key regulator to trigger the ethylene-mediated defense against B. cinerea in tomato fruits without compromising ripening. Knockout of SlERF.C1 increased fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea with no effect on ripening process, while overexpression enhanced resistance. RNA-Seq, transactivation assays, EMSA and ChIP-qPCR results indicated that SlERF.C1 activated the transcription of PR genes by binding to their promoters. Moreover, SlERF.C1 interacted with the mitogen-activated protein kinase SlMPK8 which allowed SlMPK8 to phosphorylate SlERF.C1 at the Ser174 residue and increases its transcriptional activity. Knocking out of SlMPK8 increased fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea, whereas overexpression enhanced resistance without affecting ripening. Furthermore, genetic crosses between SlMPK8-KO and SlERF.C1-OE lines reduced the resistance to B. cinerea attack in SlERF.C1-OE fruits. In addition, B. cinerea infection induced ethylene production which in turn triggered SlMPK8 transcription and enhanced the phosphorylation of SlERF.C1. Overall, our findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of the 'Ethylene-MPK8-ERF.C1-PR' module in resistance against B. cinerea and provide new insight into the manipulation of gray mold disease in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yangang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qihan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhaoqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yongfei Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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15
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Garg R, Mahato H, Choudhury U, Thakur RS, Debnath P, Ansari NG, Sane VA, Sane AP. The tomato EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36, accelerates growth transitions and reduces plant life cycle by regulating GA levels and responses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:848-862. [PMID: 38127946 PMCID: PMC10955490 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Faster vegetative growth and early maturity/harvest reduce plant life cycle time and are important agricultural traits facilitating early crop rotation. GA is a key hormone governing developmental transitions that determine growth speed in plants. An EAR-motif repressor, SlERF36 that regulates various growth transitions, partly through regulation of the GA pathway and GA levels, was identified in tomato. Suppression of SlERF36 delayed germination, slowed down organ growth and delayed the onset of flowering time, fruit harvest and whole-plant senescence by 10-15 days. Its over-expression promoted faster growth by accelerating all these transitions besides increasing organ expansion and plant height substantially. The plant life cycle and fruit harvest were completed 20-30 days earlier than control without affecting yield, in glasshouse as well as net-house conditions, across seasons and generations. These changes in life cycle were associated with reciprocal changes in expression of GA pathway genes and basal GA levels between suppression and over-expression lines. SlERF36 interacted with the promoters of two GA2 oxidase genes, SlGA2ox3 and SlGA2ox4, and the DELLA gene, SlDELLA, reducing their transcription and causing a 3-5-fold increase in basal GA3/GA4 levels. Its suppression increased SlGA2ox3/4 transcript levels and reduced GA3/GA4 levels by 30%-50%. SlERF36 is conserved across families making it an important candidate in agricultural and horticultural crops for manipulation of plant growth and developmental transitions to reduce life cycles for faster harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Hrishikesh Mahato
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Upasana Choudhury
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Ravindra S. Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Pratima Debnath
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Nasreen G. Ansari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR)LucknowIndia
| | - Vidhu A. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Aniruddha P. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression LabCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)LucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
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16
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Wang YC, Wei Y, Li XY, Zhang HM, Meng X, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Ethylene-responsive VviERF003 modulates glycosylated monoterpenoid synthesis by upregulating VviGT14 in grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae065. [PMID: 38689696 PMCID: PMC11059816 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are important contributors to the aroma of grapes and wines. Grapes contain terpenoids in both volatile free form and non-volatile glycosidic form, with the latter being more abundant. Glycosylated terpenoids are deemed as latent aromatic potentials for their essential role in adding to the flowery and fruity bouquet of wines. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying glycosylated terpenoid biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Our prior study identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor, VviERF003, through DNA pull-down screening using the promoter of terpenoid glycosyltransferase VviGT14 gene. This study demonstrated that both genes were co-expressed and synchronized with the accumulation of glycosylated monoterpenoids during grape maturation. VviERF003 can bind to the VviGT14 promoter and promote its activity according to yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays. VviERF003 upregulated VviGT14 expression in vivo, leading to increased production of glycosylated monoterpenoids based on the evidence from overexpression or RNA interference in leaves, berry skins, and calli of grapes, as well as tomato fruits. Additionally, VviERF003 and VviGT14 expressions and glycosylated monoterpenoid levels were induced by ethylene in grapes. The findings suggest that VviERF003 is ethylene-responsive and stimulates glycosylated monoterpenoid biosynthesis through upregulating VviGT14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Fang H, Zuo J, Ma Q, Zhang X, Xu Y, Ding S, Wang J, Luo Q, Li Y, Wu C, Lv J, Yu J, Shi K. Phytosulfokine promotes fruit ripening and quality via phosphorylation of transcription factor DREB2F in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2739-2754. [PMID: 38214105 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK), a plant peptide hormone with a wide range of biological functions, is recognized by its receptor PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1). Previous studies have reported that PSK plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the involvement of PSK in fruit development and quality formation remains largely unknown. Here, using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a research model, we show that exogenous application of PSK promotes the initiation of fruit ripening and quality formation, while these processes are delayed in pskr1 mutant fruits. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that molecular events and metabolic pathways associated with fruit ripening and quality formation are affected in pskr1 mutant lines and transcription factors are involved in PSKR1-mediated ripening. Yeast screening further identified that DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN 2F (DREB2F) interacts with PSKR1. Silencing of DREB2F delayed the initiation of fruit ripening and inhibited the promoting effect of PSK on fruit ripening. Moreover, the interaction between PSKR1 and DREB2F led to phosphorylation of DREB2F. PSK improved the efficiency of DREB2F phosphorylation by PSKR1 at the tyrosine-30 site, and the phosphorylation of this site increased the transcription level of potential target genes related to the ripening process and functioned in promoting fruit ripening and quality formation. These findings shed light on the involvement of PSK and its downstream signaling molecule DREB2F in controlling climacteric fruit ripening, offering insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing ripening processes in fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmo Fang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Food Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiaomei Ma
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuanbo Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanrui Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Ding
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changqi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianrong Lv
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Chang J, Wu S, You T, Wang J, Sun B, Xu B, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wu S. Spatiotemporal formation of glands in plants is modulated by MYB-like transcription factors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2303. [PMID: 38491132 PMCID: PMC10943084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
About one third of vascular plants develop glandular trichomes, which produce defensive compounds that repel herbivores and act as a natural biofactory for important pharmaceuticals such as artemisinin and cannabinoids. However, only a few regulators of glandular structures have been characterized so far. Here we have identified two closely-related MYB-like genes that redundantly inhibit the formation of glandular cells in tomatoes, and they are named as GLAND CELL REPRESSOR (GCR) 1 and 2. The GCR genes highly express in the apical cells of tomato trichomes, with expression gradually diminishing as the cells transition into glands. The spatiotemporal expression of GCR genes is coordinated by a two-step inhibition process mediated by SlTOE1B and GCRs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the GCR genes act by suppressing Leafless (LFS), a gene that promotes gland formation. Intriguingly, homologous GCR genes from tobacco and petunia also inhibit gland formation, suggesting that the GCR-mediated repression mechanism likely represents a conserved regulatory pathway for glands across different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shurong Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting You
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bingjing Sun
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bojun Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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19
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Sun C, Yao G, Zhao J, Chen R, Hu K, He G, Zhang H. SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting ACO1 Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1873. [PMID: 38339150 PMCID: PMC10855853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a typical climacteric fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is widely used for studying the ripening process. The negative regulation of tomato fruits by transcription factor SlNAC1 has been reported, but its regulatory network was unclear. In the present study, we screened a transcription factor, SlERF109-like, and found it had a stronger relationship with SlNAC1 at the early stage of tomato fruit development through the use of transcriptome data, RT-qPCR, and correlation analysis. We inferred that SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that co-regulates the tomato fruit ripening process. Results of transient silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression showed that SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 could regulate chlorophyll degradation-related genes (NYC1, PAO, PPH, SGR1), carotenoids accumulation-related genes (PSY1, PDS, ZDS), ETH-related genes (ACO1, E4, E8), and cell wall metabolism-related genes expression levels (CEL2, EXP, PG, TBG4, XTH5) to inhibit tomato fruit ripening. A dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) showed that SlNAC1 could bind to the SlACO1 promoter, but SlERF109-like could not. Furthermore, SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to increase the transcription for ACO1 by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, a luciferase complementation assay, and a dual-luciferase reporter. A correlation analysis showed that SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 were positively correlated with chlorophyll contents, and negatively correlated with carotenoid content and ripening-related genes. Thus, we provide a model in which SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that negatively regulates the tomato ripening process by inhibiting SlACO1 expression. Our study provided a new regulatory network of tomato fruit ripening and effectively reduced the waste of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Jinghan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Ruying Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Kangdi Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Guanghua He
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
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20
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Wu M, Liu K, Li H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Su D, Zhang Y, Deng H, Wang Y, Liu M. Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad275. [PMID: 38344652 PMCID: PMC10857933 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is well known for its important role in the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the role and mode of action of other plant hormones in climacteric fruit ripening regulation are not fully understood. Here, we showed that exogenous GA treatment or increasing endogenous gibberellin content by overexpressing the gibberellin synthesis gene SlGA3ox2 specifically in fruit tissues delayed tomato fruit ripening, whereas treatment with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) accelerated fruit ripening. Moreover, exogenous ethylene treatment cannot completely reverse the delayed fruit ripening phenotype. Furthermore, exogenous GA treatment of ethylene signalling mutant Never ripe (Nr) or SlEBF3-overexpressing lines still delayed fruit ripening, suggesting that GA involved in fruit ripening partially depends on ethylene. Transcriptome profiling showed that gibberellin affect the ripening of fruits by modulating the metabolism and signal transduction of multiple plant hormones, such as auxin and abscisic acid, in addition to ethylene. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the regulation of gibberellin in fruit ripening through mediating multiple hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Honghai Li
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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21
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Liu W, Zheng T, Qiu L, Guo X, Li P, Yong X, Li L, Ahmad S, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang Q. A 49-bp deletion of PmAP2L results in a double flower phenotype in Prunus mume. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad278. [PMID: 38371636 PMCID: PMC10873580 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The double flower is an important trait with substantial ornamental value. While mutations in PETALOSA TOE-type or AG (AGAMOUS) genes play a crucial role in enhancing petal number in ornamental plants, the complete mechanism underlying the formation of double flowers remains to be fully elucidated. Through the application of bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we identified a novel gene, APETALA2-like (PmAP2L), characterized by a 49-bp deletion in double-flowered Prunus mume. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the 49-bp deletion in PmAP2L reduced its binding with Pmu-miRNA172a. Phylogenetic analysis and microsynteny analysis suggested that PmAP2L was not a PETALOSA TOE-type gene, and it might be a new gene controlling the formation of double flower in P. mume. Subsequently, overexpression of PmAP2L-D in tobacco led to a significant rise in the number of stamens and the conversion of stamens to petals. Furthermore, silencing of the homologue of RC5G0530900 in rose significantly reduced the number of petals. Using transient gene expression in P. mume flower buds, we determined the functional differences between PmAP2L-D and PmAP2-S in controlling flower development. Meanwhile, DNA-affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq), yeast hybrid assays and luciferase reporter assays indicated that PmAP2L negatively regulated the floral organ identity genes by forming a repressor complex with PmTPL and PmHDA6/19. Overall, these findings indicate that the variation in PmAP2L is associated with differences in the regulation of genes responsible for floral organ identity, providing new insights into the double-flower trait and double-flower breeding in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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22
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Gambhir P, Raghuvanshi U, Kumar R, Sharma AK. Transcriptional regulation of tomato fruit ripening. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:289-303. [PMID: 38623160 PMCID: PMC11016043 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
An intrinsic and genetically determined ripening program of tomato fruits often depends upon the appropriate activation of tissue- and stage-specific transcription factors in space and time. The past two decades have yielded considerable progress in detailing these complex transcriptional as well as hormonal regulatory circuits paramount to fleshy fruit ripening. This non-linear ripening process is strongly controlled by the MADS-box and NOR family of proteins, triggering a transcriptional response associated with the progression of fruit ripening. Deepening insights into the connection between MADS-RIN and plant hormones related transcription factors, such as ERFs and ARFs, further conjugates the idea that several signaling units work in parallel to define an output fruit ripening transcriptome. Besides these TFs, the role of other families of transcription factors such as MYB, GLK, WRKY, GRAS and bHLH have also emerged as important ripening regulators. Other regulators such as EIN and EIL proteins also determine the transcriptional landscape of ripening fruits. Despite the abundant knowledge of the complex spectrum of ripening networks in the scientific domain, identifying more ripening effectors would pave the way for a better understanding of fleshy fruit ripening at the molecular level. This review provides an update on the transcriptional regulators of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gambhir
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Utkarsh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021 India
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23
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You S, Wu Y, Li W, Liu X, Tang Q, Huang F, Li Y, Wang H, Liu M, Zhang Y. SlERF.G3-Like mediates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade to regulate ripening and metabolic changes in tomato fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:165-180. [PMID: 37750661 PMCID: PMC10754011 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The tomato ripening process contains complex changes, including ethylene signalling, cell wall softening and numerous metabolic changes. So far, much is still unknown about how tomato plants precisely coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic regulation. In this paper, the ERF family transcription factor SlERF.G3-Like in tomato was found to be involved in the regulation of ethylene synthesis, cell wall degradation and the flavonoid pathway. We show that the master ripening regulator SlRIN was found to directly bind to the promoter region of SlERF.G3-Like to activate its expression. In addition, we managed to increase the production of resveratrol derivatives from ~1.44 mg/g DW in E8:VvStSy line to ~2.43 mg/g DW by crossing p35S: SlERF.G3-Like with the E8:VvStSy line. Our data provide direct evidence that SlERF.G3-Like, a hierarchical transcriptional factor, can directly manipulate pathways in which tomatoes can coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic changes. We also attest that SlERF.G3-Like can be used as an effective tool for phenylpropanoid metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie You
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qinlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan UniversityHainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan UniversityHainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
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24
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Guo M, Wang S, Liu H, Yao S, Yan J, Wang C, Miao B, Guo J, Ma F, Guan Q, Xu J. Histone deacetylase MdHDA6 is an antagonist in regulation of transcription factor MdTCP15 to promote cold tolerance in apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2254-2272. [PMID: 37475182 PMCID: PMC10579720 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular regulation of plant cold response is the basis for cold resistance germplasm improvement. Here, we revealed that the apple histone deacetylase MdHDA6 can perform histone deacetylation on cold-negative regulator genes and repress their expression, leading to the positive regulation of cold tolerance in apples. Moreover, MdHDA6 directly interacts with the transcription factor MdTCP15. Phenotypic analysis of MdTCP15 transgenic apple lines and wild types reveals that MdTCP15 negatively regulates cold tolerance in apples. Furthermore, we found that MdHDA6 can facilitate histone deacetylation of MdTCP15 and repress the expression of MdTCP15, which positively contributes to cold tolerance in apples. Additionally, the transcription factor MdTCP15 can directly bind to the promoter of the cold-negative regulator gene MdABI1 and activate its expression, and it can also directly bind to the promoter of the cold-positive regulator gene MdCOR47 and repress its expression. However, the co-expression of MdHDA6 and MdTCP15 can inhibit MdTCP15-induced activation of MdABI1 and repression of MdCOR47, suggesting that MdHDA6 suppresses the transcriptional regulation of MdTCP15 on its downstream genes. Our results demonstrate that histone deacetylase MdHDA6 plays an antagonistic role in the regulation of MdTCP15-induced transcriptional activation or repression to positively regulate cold tolerance in apples, revealing a new regulatory mechanism of plant cold response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Senyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jinjiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Bingjie Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Junxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jidi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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25
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Xie Q, Xia Y, Lu L, Wang M, Wang G, Long S, Cai Y, Xu L, Wang E, Jiang Y. Control of arbuscule development by a transcriptional negative feedback loop in Medicago. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5743. [PMID: 37717076 PMCID: PMC10505183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide them with lipids and sugars in exchange for phosphorus and nitrogen. Nutrient exchange must be dynamically controlled to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship between the two symbiotic partners. The WRI5a and its homologues play a conserved role in lipid supply to AMF. Here, we demonstrate that the AP2/ERF transcription factor MtERM1 binds directly to AW-box and AW-box-like cis-elements in the promoters of MtSTR2 and MtSTR, which are required for host lipid efflux and arbuscule development. The EAR domain-containing transcription factor MtERF12 is also directly activated by MtERM1/MtWRI5a to negatively regulate arbuscule development, and the TOPLESS co-repressor is further recruited by MtERF12 through EAR motif to oppose MtERM1/MtWRI5a function, thereby suppressing arbuscule development. We therefore reveal an ERM1/WRI5a-ERF12-TOPLESS negative feedback loop that enables plants to flexibly control nutrient exchange and ensure a mutually beneficial symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjun Xia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Long
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yina Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Wang R, Liu K, Tang B, Su D, He X, Deng H, Wu M, Bouzayen M, Grierson D, Liu M. The MADS-box protein SlTAGL1 regulates a ripening-associated SlDQD/SDH2 involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and resistance against Botrytis cinerea in post-harvest tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1746-1757. [PMID: 37326247 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase (DQD/SDH) is a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the shikimate, which is an important metabolic intermediate in plants and animals. However, the function of SlDQD/SDH family genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit metabolites is still unknown. In the present study, we identified a ripening-associated SlDQD/SDH member, SlDQD/SDH2, that plays a key role in shikimate and flavonoid metabolism. Overexpression of this gene resulted in an increased content of shikimate and flavonoids, while knockout of this gene by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing led to a significantly lower content of shikimate and flavonoids by downregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, we showed that SlDQD/SDH2 confers resistance against Botrytis cinerea attack in post-harvest tomato fruit. Dual-luciferase reporter and EMSA assays indicated that SlDQD/SDH2 is a direct target of the key ripening regulator SlTAGL1. In general, this study provided a new insight into the biosynthesis of flavonoid and B. cinerea resistance in fruit tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Bei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Don Grierson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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27
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Wang L, Li T, Liu N, Liu X. Identification of tomato AHL gene families and functional analysis their roles in fruit development and abiotic stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107931. [PMID: 37557017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant development and stress response. However, the AHL family genes have not been identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and their biological functions have not been elucidated. In this work, the gene families encoding AHLs were identified in tomato genome, and their physical and chemical characteristics, subcellular localization, gene expression profiles during fruit development and upon abiotic stimulus were investigated. Overall, a total of 18 AHL members were identified in tomato genome, phylogenetic analysis classified these SlAHL members into two clades, clade A (SlAHL1-8) and clade B (SlAHL9-18). Six clade A SlAHLs were detected to be subcellular localized in the nucleus. The transcripts of the representative clade A SlAHLs predominantly accumulated 10 days post anthesis (dpa) in tomato fruits, revealing an involvement of these SlAHLs in early fruit development. Furthermore, compared with clade B members, the transcripts of the clade A SlAHLs were more responsive to heat, drought, cold and salt stresses, suggesting that these SlAHLs may play major roles in response to abiotic stresses. Moreover, overexpression of SlAHL1 and SlAHL7 in Arabidopsis increased the sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and seedling stages. Overexpression of SlAHL1 inhibited seed germination while increased primary root elongation upon salt and drought stresses. Together, our work suggested that the clade A SlAHL genes may play an important role in response to abiotic stresses, which paving the way for future functional analysis of AHL genes in tomato and other Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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28
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Yue Q, Yang X, Cheng P, He J, Shen W, Li Y, Ma F, Niu C, Guan Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Apple MdKING1 Promotes Fruit Ripening in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37571003 PMCID: PMC10421076 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. MdKING1 is a γ subunit of SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs), but the function was unclear. Here, we characterized the role of MdKING1 during fruit ripening, which can promote fruit ripening through the ethylene pathway. Our findings reveal that MdKING1 has higher expression in early-ripening cultivars than late-ripening during the early stage of apple fruit development, and its transcription level significantly increased during apple fruit ripening. Overexpression of MdKING1 (MdKING1 OE) in tomatoes could promote early ripening of fruits, with the increase in ethylene content and the loss of fruit firmness. Ethylene inhibitor treatment could delay the fruit ripening of both MdKING1 OE and WT fruits. However, MdKING1 OE fruits turned fruit ripe faster, with an increase in carotenoid content compared with WT. In addition, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACO1, SlACS2, and SlACS4), carotenoid biosynthesis (SlPSY1 and SlGgpps2a), and fruit firmness regulation (SlPG2a, SlPL, and SlCEL2) was also increased in the fruits of MdKING1 OE plants. In conclusion, our results suggest that MdKING1 plays a key role in promoting tomato fruit ripening, thus providing a theoretical basis for apple fruit quality improvement by genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Chundong Niu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
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29
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Wei Y, Liu Z, Lv T, Xu Y, Wei Y, Liu W, Liu L, Wang A, Li T. Ethylene enhances MdMAPK3-mediated phosphorylation of MdNAC72 to promote apple fruit softening. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2887-2909. [PMID: 37132483 PMCID: PMC10396387 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene plays an important role in promoting the softening of climacteric fruits, such as apples (Malus domestica); however, important aspects of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we identified apple MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MdMAPK3) as an important positive regulator of ethylene-induced apple fruit softening during storage. Specifically, we show that MdMAPK3 interacts with and phosphorylates the transcription factor NAM-ATAF1/2-CUC2 72 (MdNAC72), which functions as a transcriptional repressor of the cell wall degradation-related gene POLYGALACTURONASE1 (MdPG1). The increase in MdMAPK3 kinase activity was induced by ethylene, which promoted the phosphorylation of MdNAC72 by MdMAPK3. Additionally, MdPUB24 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate MdNAC72, resulting in its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway, which was enhanced by ethylene-induced phosphorylation of MdNAC72 by MdMAPK3. The degradation of MdNAC72 increased the expression of MdPG1, which in turn promoted apple fruit softening. Notably, using variants of MdNAC72 that were mutated at specific phosphorylation sites, we observed that the phosphorylation state of MdNAC72 affected apple fruit softening during storage. This study thus reveals that the ethylene-MdMAPK3-MdNAC72-MdPUB24 module is involved in ethylene-induced apple fruit softening, providing insights into climacteric fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, China
| | - Yaxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yajing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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30
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Chen C, Zhang M, Zhang M, Yang M, Dai S, Meng Q, Lv W, Zhuang K. ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 regulates β-carotene and ascorbic acid accumulation in tomatoes during ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2067-2080. [PMID: 36891812 PMCID: PMC10315317 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3/ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKEs (EIN3/EILs) are important ethylene response factors during fruit ripening. Here, we discovered that EIL2 controls carotenoid metabolism and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In contrast to the red fruits presented in the wild type (WT) 45 d after pollination, the fruits of CRISPR/Cas9 eil2 mutants and SlEIL2 RNA interference lines (ERIs) showed yellow or orange fruits. Correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data for the ERI and WT ripe fruits revealed that SlEIL2 is involved in β-carotene and AsA accumulation. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) are the typical components downstream of EIN3 in the ethylene response pathway. Through a comprehensive screening of ERF family members, we determined that SlEIL2 directly regulates the expression of 4 SlERFs. Two of these, SlERF.H30 and SlERF.G6, encode proteins that participate in the regulation of LYCOPENE-β-CYCLASE 2 (SlLCYB2), encoding an enzyme that mediates the conversion of lycopene to carotene in fruits. In addition, SlEIL2 transcriptionally repressed L-GALACTOSE 1-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE 3 (SlGPP3) and MYO-INOSITOL OXYGENASE 1 (SlMIOX1) expression, which resulted in a 1.62-fold increase of AsA via both the L-galactose and myoinositol pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that SlEIL2 functions in controlling β-carotene and AsA levels, providing a potential strategy for genetic engineering to improve the nutritional value and quality of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Minmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kunyang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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Wang W, Wang Y, Chen T, Qin G, Tian S. Current insights into posttranscriptional regulation of fleshy fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1785-1798. [PMID: 36250906 PMCID: PMC10315313 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. It is not only regulated at the transcriptional level via transcription factors or DNA methylation but also fine-tuned after transcription occurs. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening after transcription. We mainly highlight the typical mechanisms by which fruit ripening is controlled, namely, alternative splicing, mRNA N6-methyladenosine RNA modification methylation, and noncoding RNAs at the posttranscriptional level; regulation of translation efficiency and upstream open reading frame-mediated translational repression at the translational level; and histone modifications, protein phosphorylation, and protein ubiquitination at the posttranslational level. Taken together, these posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, along with transcriptional regulation, constitute the molecular framework of fruit ripening. We also critically discuss the potential usage of some mechanisms to improve fruit traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Sun H, Hu K, Wei S, Yao G, Zhang H. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS 4.1/4.2 with an EAR motif repress anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-skinned pears. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1892-1912. [PMID: 36732887 PMCID: PMC10315276 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red-skinned pears (Pyrus L.) are preferred to consumers for their attractive color and abundant anthocyanins. Pyrus ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (PyERF3) positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through interacting with Pyrus myeloblastosis family 114 (PyMYB114) and Pyrus basic helix-loop-helix 3 (PybHLH3) in red-skinned pears. However, the role of APETALA2/ethylene response factors (AP2/ERFs), which negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, remains unclear in red-skinned pears. Here, we validated that 2 AP2/ERFs, PyERF4.1 and PyERF4.2, screened from the transcriptome data of 'Starkrimson' pear (Pyrus communis L.) and its green mutant, inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in transgenic pear calli, as well as in overexpression and gene-edited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. Meanwhile, the co-transformation of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 with PyERF3-PyMYB114-PybHLH3 inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruits and strawberry (Fragaria vesca) receptacles. Further assays showed that PyMYB114 activated the transcription of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2; PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 then interacted with PyERF3 to affect the stability of the PyERF3-PyMYB114-PybHLH3 complex, thereby inhibiting the transcription of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene Pyrus anthocyanidin synthase (PyANS). Furthermore, deletion of the ERF-associated-amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif eliminated the inhibitory effect of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 on anthocyanin biosynthesis, and a mutation of the PyERF4.2-EAR motif (LxLxM to LxLxL) strengthened the inhibitory effect, demonstrating that the EAR motif is indispensable for the inhibitory effect of PyERF4.1/PyERF4.2 on anthocyanin biosynthesis in pears. Our study has shed light on a feedback regulatory loop mechanism that balances the excessive accumulation of anthocyanins in red-skinned pears, providing insights into the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the regulatory network of coloration in red-skinned pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangdi Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shuwei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Sun B, Shen Y, Chen S, Shi Z, Li H, Miao X. A novel transcriptional repressor complex MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 promotes rice resistance to brown planthopper by repressing F3'H expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:720-738. [PMID: 37149887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive pest of rice. The MYB transcription factors are vital for rice immunity, but most are activators. Although MYB22 positively regulates rice resistance to BPH and has an EAR motif associated with active repression, it remains unclear whether it is a transcriptional repressor affecting rice-BPH interaction. Genetic analyses revealed that MYB22 regulates rice resistance to BPH via its EAR motif. Several biochemical experiments (e.g. transient transcription assay, Y2H, LCA, and BiFC) indicated that MYB22 is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the corepressor TOPLESS via its EAR motif and recruits HDAC1 to form a tripartite complex. Flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) is a flavonoid biosynthesis pathway-related gene that negatively regulates rice resistance to BPH. Based on a bioinformatics analysis and the results of EMSA and transient transcription assays, MYB22 can bind directly to the F3'H promoter and repress gene expression along with TOPLESS and HDAC1. We revealed a transcriptional regulatory mechanism influencing the rice-BPH interaction that differs from previously reported mechanisms. Specifically, MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 is a novel transcriptional repressor complex with components that synergistically and positively regulate rice resistance to BPH through the transcriptional repression of F3'H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Su Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
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Gao G, Yang F, Wang C, Duan X, Li M, Ma Y, Wang F, Qi H. The transcription factor CmERFI-2 represses CmMYB44 expression to increase sucrose levels in oriental melon fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1378-1395. [PMID: 36938625 PMCID: PMC10231561 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sugar accumulation in fruit ripening determines fleshy fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanism for this process is not yet understood. Here, we showed a transcriptional repressor, CmMYB44 regulates sucrose accumulation and ethylene synthesis in oriental melon (Cucumis. melo var. makuwa Makino) fruit. Overexpressing CmMYB44 suppressed sucrose accumulation and ethylene production. Furthermore, CmMYB44 repressed the transcriptional activation of CmSPS1 (sucrose phosphate synthase 1) and CmACO1 (ACC oxidase 1), two key genes in sucrose and ethylene accumulation, respectively. During the later stages of fruit ripening, the repressive effect of CmMYB44 on CmSPS1 and CmACO1 could be released by overexpressing CmERFI-2 (ethylene response factor I-2) and exogenous ethylene in "HS" fruit (high sucrose accumulation fruit). CmERFI-2 acted upstream of CmMYB44 as a repressor by directly binding the CmMYB44 promoter region, indirectly stimulating the expression level of CmSPS1 and CmACO1. Taken together, we provided a molecular regulatory pathway mediated by CmMYB44, which determines the degree of sucrose and ethylene accumulation in oriental melon fruit and sheds light on transcriptional responses triggered by ethylene sensing that enable the process of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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Ma Y, Wang C, Gao Z, Yao Y, Kang H, Du Y. VvPL15 Is the Core Member of the Pectate Lyase Gene Family Involved in Grape Berries Ripening and Softening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119318. [PMID: 37298267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of ripening and softening in grape begins at veraison and is closely related to the depolymerization of pectin components. A variety of enzymes are involved in pectin metabolism and one class of enzyme, pectin lyases (PLs), have been reported to play an important role in softening in many fruits; however, little information is available on the VvPL gene family in grape. In this study, 16 VvPL genes were identified in the grape genome using bioinformatics methods. Among them, VvPL5, VvPL9, and VvPL15 had the highest expression levels during grape ripening, which suggests that these genes are involved in grape ripening and softening. Furthermore, overexpression of VvPL15 affects the contents of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and acid-soluble pectin (ASP) in the leaves of Arabidopsis and significantly changes the growth of Arabidopsis plants. The relationship between VvPL15 and pectin content was further determined by antisense expression of VvPL15. In addition, we also studied the effect of VvPL15 on fruit in transgenic tomato plants, which showed that VvPL15 accelerated fruit ripening and softening. Our results indicate that VvPL15 plays an important role in grape berry softening during ripening by depolymerizing pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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36
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Fang W, Fasano C, Perrella G. Unlocking the Secret to Higher Crop Yield: The Potential for Histone Modifications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37111933 PMCID: PMC10144255 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications are epigenetic mechanisms, termed relative to genetics, and they refer to the induction of heritable changes without altering the DNA sequence. It is widely known that DNA sequences precisely modulate plant phenotypes to adapt them to the changing environment; however, epigenetic mechanisms also greatly contribute to plant growth and development by altering chromatin status. An increasing number of recent studies have elucidated epigenetic regulations on improving plant growth and adaptation, thus making contributions to the final yield. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying crop flowering efficiency, fruit quality, and adaptation to environmental stimuli, especially to abiotic stress, to ensure crop improvement. In particular, we highlight the major discoveries in rice and tomato, which are two of the most globally consumed crops. We also describe and discuss the applications of epigenetic approaches in crop breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fang
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Carlo Fasano
- Trisaia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Develoment, (ENEA), 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Perrella
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
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Wang JH, Gu KD, Zhang QY, Yu JQ, Wang CK, You CX, Cheng L, Hu DG. Ethylene inhibits malate accumulation in apple by transcriptional repression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 via the WRKY31-ERF72 network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36747049 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid accumulation in the vacuole largely determines acidity and perception of sweetness of apple. It has long been observed that reduction in malate level is associated with increase in ethylene production during the ripening process of climacteric fruits, but the molecular mechanism linking ethylene to malate reduction is unclear. Here, we show that ethylene-modulated WRKY transcription factor 31 (WRKY31)-Ethylene Response Factor 72 (ERF72)-ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 9 (Ma1) network regulates malate accumulation in apple fruit. ERF72 binds to the promoter of ALMT9, a key tonoplast transporter for malate accumulation of apple, transcriptionally repressing ALMT9 expression in response to ethylene. WRKY31 interacts with ERF72, suppressing its transcriptional inhibition activity on ALMT9. In addition, WRKY31 directly binds to the promoters of ERF72 and ALMT9, transcriptionally repressing and activating ERF72 and ALMT9, respectively. The expression of WRKY31 decreases in response to ethylene, lowering the transcription of ALMT9 directly and via its interactions with ERF72. These findings reveal that the regulatory complex WRKY31 forms with ERF72 responds to ethylene, linking the ethylene signal to ALMT9 expression in reducing malate transport into the vacuole during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Chen Y, Yang H, Tang B, Li F, Xie Q, Chen G, Hu Z. The AP2/ERF transcription factor SlERF.J2 functions in hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:371-383. [PMID: 36512035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Our findings indicated that the SlERF.J2-IAA23 module integrates hormonal signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. Light and phytohormones can synergistically regulate photomorphogenesis-related hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. AP2/ERF family genes have been extensively demonstrated to play a role in light signaling and various hormones. In this study, we identified a novel AP2/ERF family gene in tomato, SlERF.J2. Overexpression of SlERF.J2 inhibits hypocotyl elongation and plant height. However, the plant height in the slerf.j2ko knockout mutant was not significantly changed compared with the WT. we found that hypocotyl cell elongation and plant height were regulated by a network involving light, auxin and gibberellin signaling, which is mediated by regulatory relationship between SlERF.J2 and IAA23. SlERF.J2 protein could bind to IAA23 promoter and inhibit its expression. In addition, light-dark alternation can activate the transcription of SlERF.J2 and promote the function of SlERF.J2 in photomorphogenesis. Our findings indicated that the SlERF.J2-IAA23 module integrates hormonal signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyan Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Room 523, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Room 521, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Vegetable biology and breeding in the genomics era. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:226-250. [PMID: 36508122 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable crops provide a rich source of essential nutrients for humanity and represent critical economic values to global rural societies. However, genetic studies of vegetable crops have lagged behind major food crops, such as rice, wheat and maize, thereby limiting the application of molecular breeding. In the past decades, genome sequencing technologies have been increasingly applied in genetic studies and breeding of vegetables. In this review, we recapitulate recent progress on reference genome construction, population genomics and the exploitation of multi-omics datasets in vegetable crops. These advances have enabled an in-depth understanding of their domestication and evolution, and facilitated the genetic dissection of numerous agronomic traits, which jointly expedites the exploitation of state-of-the-art biotechnologies in vegetable breeding. We further provide perspectives of further directions for vegetable genomics and indicate how the ever-increasing omics data could accelerate genetic, biological studies and breeding in vegetable crops.
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Lend Me Your EARs: A Systematic Review of the Broad Functions of EAR Motif-Containing Transcriptional Repressors in Plants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020270. [PMID: 36833197 PMCID: PMC9956375 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, defined by the consensus sequence patterns LxLxL or DLNx(x)P, is found in a diverse range of plant species. It is the most predominant form of active transcriptional repression motif identified so far in plants. Despite its small size (5 to 6 amino acids), the EAR motif is primarily involved in the negative regulation of developmental, physiological and metabolic functions in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Through an extensive literature review, we identified 119 genes belonging to 23 different plant species that contain an EAR motif and function as negative regulators of gene expression in various biological processes, including plant growth and morphology, metabolism and homeostasis, abiotic stress response, biotic stress response, hormonal pathways and signalling, fertility, and ripening. Positive gene regulation and transcriptional activation are studied extensively, but there remains much more to be discovered about negative gene regulation and the role it plays in plant development, health, and reproduction. This review aims to fill the knowledge gap and provide insights into the role that the EAR motif plays in negative gene regulation, and provoke further research on other protein motifs specific to repressors.
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Xu Y, Li X, Yang X, Wassie M, Shi H. Genome-wide identification and molecular characterization of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:32. [PMID: 36658499 PMCID: PMC9854111 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Whangkeumbae' (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a typical climacteric fruit variety of sand pear with excellent taste. However, the rapid postharvest ethylene production limits the shelf life of 'Whangkeumbae' fruit. AP2/ERF superfamily is a large family of transcription factors involved in plant growth and development, including fruit ripening and senescence through the ethylene signaling pathway. The numbers and functions of AP2/ERF superfamily members in sand pear remain largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, a total of 234 AP2/ERF family members were identified through the transcriptome of Pyrus pyrifolia 'Whangkeumbae' (17 genes) and Pyrus pyrifolia genome (223 genes) analyses. Six genes (Accession: EVM0023062.1, EVM0034833.1, EVM0027049.1, EVM0034047.1, EVM0028755.1, EVM0015862.1) identified via genome analysis shared 100% identity with PpERF14-L, PpERF5-L, PpERF3a, PpERF3, PpERF017 and PpERF098, respectively, which were identified from transcriptome sequencing. Further, the AP2/ERF superfamily members were divided into AP2, ERF, and RAV subfamilies, each comprising 38, 188, and 8 members, respectively. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that PpERF061, PpERF113, PpERF51L-B, PpERF5-L, and PpERF017 were predominantly expressed in fruits than in other tissues. Additionally, PpERF5-L and PpERF017 showed higher expressions at the early stage of fruit development. While, PpERF51B-L exhibited higher expression during the fruit ripening stage. Besides, PpERF061 and PpERF113 had pronounced expressions during fruit senescence. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PpERF061, PpERF113, PpERF51L-B, PpERF5-L, and PpERF017 could play crucial roles in sand pear fruit development, ripening, and senescence. Overall, this study provides valuable information for further functional analysis of the AP2/ERF genes during fruit ripening and senescence in sand pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Xiaona Li
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Xiong Yang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- grid.458515.80000 0004 1770 1110Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
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Zhou T, Li R, Yu Q, Wang J, Pan J, Lai T. Proteomic Changes in Response to Colorless nonripening Mutation during Tomato Fruit Ripening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3570. [PMID: 36559681 PMCID: PMC9782875 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SlSPL-CNR is a multifunctional transcription factor gene that plays important roles in regulating tomato fruit ripening. However, the molecular basis of SlSPL-CNR in the regulatory networks is not exactly clear. In the present study, the biochemical characteristics and expression levels of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in Colorless nonripening (Cnr) natural mutant were determined. The proteomic changes during the ripening stage were also uncovered by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Results indicated that both the lycopene content and soluble solid content (SSC) in Cnr fruit were lower than those in wild-type AC fruit. Meanwhile, pH, flavonoid content, and chlorophyll content were higher in Cnr fruit. Expressions of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were also downregulated or delayed in Cnr fruit. Furthermore, 1024 and 1234 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were respectively identified for the breaker and 10 days postbreaker stages. Among them, a total of 512 proteins were differentially expressed at both stages. In addition, the functions of DEPs were classified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results would lay the groundwork for wider explorations of the regulatory mechanism of SlSPL-CNR on tomato fruit ripening.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of AP2/ERF Gene Superfamily in Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.) Revealed Their Synergistic Roles in Regulating Abiotic Stress Resistance and Ramet Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315117. [PMID: 36499437 PMCID: PMC9736067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest superfamilies in plants, and play vital roles in growth and response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Although the AP2/ERF family has been extensively characterized in many species, very little is known about this family in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.). In this study, 138 AP2/ERF TFs were identified from the ramie genome and were grouped into five subfamilies, including the AP2 (19), RAV (5), Soloist (1), ERF (77), and DREB (36). Unique motifs were found in the DREB/ERF subfamily members, implying significance to the AP2/ERF TF functions in these evolutionary branches. Segmental duplication events were found to play predominant roles in the BnAP2/ERF TF family expansion. Light-, stress-, and phytohormone-responsive elements were identified in the promoter region of BnAP2/ERF genes, with abscisic acid response elements (ABRE), methyl jasmonate response elements, and the dehydration response element (DRE) being dominant. The integrated transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed 12 key BnAP2/ERF genes positively responding to waterlogging. Five of the genes are also involved in ramet development, with two (BnERF-30 and BnERF-32) further showing multifunctional roles. The protein interaction prediction analysis further verified their crosstalk mechanism in coordinating waterlogging resistance and ramet development. Our study provides new insights into the presence of AP2/ERF TFs in ramie, and provides candidate AP2/ERF TFs for further studies on breeding varieties with coupling between water stress tolerance and high yield.
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Ethylene Response Factor MaERF012 Modulates Fruit Ripening by Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation and Softening in Banana. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233882. [PMID: 36496689 PMCID: PMC9738063 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are one of largest plant-specific transcription factor families involved in fruit ripening. However, the regulatory mechanism by which ERFs modulate fruit yellowing and softening remains unknown in banana. We previously found that the transcription of MaERF012 was closely related to 'Fenjiao' banana fruit ripening. Herein, we found that MaERF012 was differentially expressed in the fruit pulp and peel and was closely related to fruit ripening. MaERF012 activated the promoter activity of one chlorophyll degradation gene (MaSGR1), two starch degradation genes (MaGWD1 and MaAMY3), and three cell wall degradation genes (MaPL8, MaEXP-A8, and MaXYL23-like), which were tested by EMSA, Y1H, and DLR. Transient overexpression of MaERF012 accelerates fruit ripening by promoting fruit yellowing and softening by up-regulating the transcription of chlorophyll, starch, and cell wall degradation genes. Over-expression of MaERF012 alters the transcriptome profiles of the fruit peel and pulp, and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. Overall, the data showed that MaERF012 acts as a transcriptional activator by regulating fruit ripening by activating the transcription of chlorophyll, starch, and cell wall degradation genes.
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Xu Y, Miao Y, Cai B, Yi Q, Tian X, Wang Q, Ma D, Luo Q, Tan F, Hu Y. A histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances rice immunity by derepressing the expression of defense-related genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041095. [PMID: 36407628 PMCID: PMC9667192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) have been widely used in plants to investigate the role of histone acetylation, particularly the function of HDACs, in the regulation of development and stress response. However, how histone acetylation is involved in rice (Oryza sativa L.) disease resistance has hardly been studied. In this paper, four HDACis including Sodium butyrate (NaBT), Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), LBH-589 and Trichostatin A (TSA) were used to treat rice seedlings at different concentrations before inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae. We found that only 10mM NaBT treatment can significantly enhanced rice blast resistance. However, treatment of the four HDACis all increased global histone acetylation but at different sites, suggesting that the inhibition selectivity of these HDACis is different. Notably, the global H3K9ac level was dramatically elevated after both NaBT and LBH589 treatment although LBH589 could not enhance rice blast resistance. This indicates that the HDACs they inhibit target different genes. In accordance with the phenotype, transcriptomic analysis showed that many defense-related genes were up-regulated by NaBT treatment. Up-regulation of the four genes bsr-d1, PR10B, OsNAC4, OsKS4 were confirmed by RT-qPCR. ChIP-qPCR results revealed that H3K9ac level on these genes was increased after NaBT treatment, suggesting that these defense-related genes were repressed by HDACs. In addition, by promoter motif analysis of the genes that induced by both NaBT treatment and rice blast infection, we found that the motifs bound by ERF and AHL transcription factors (TFs) were the most abundant, which demonstrates that ERF and AHL proteins may act as the candidate TFs that recruit HDACs to defense-related genes to repress their expression when plants are not infected by rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Yuanxin Miao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Botao Cai
- Center for Science Popularization Jingmen, Science and Technology Museum, Jingmen, China
| | - Qingping Yi
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Qihai Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding/College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Song S, Huang B, Pan Z, Zhong Q, Yang Y, Chen D, Zhu L, Hu G, He M, Wu C, Zouine M, Chen R, Bouzayen M, Hao Y. The SlTPL3-SlWUS module regulates multi-locule formation in tomato by modulating auxin and gibberellin levels in the shoot apical meristem. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2150-2167. [PMID: 35980297 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malformed fruits depreciate a plant's market value. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), fruit malformation is associated with the multi-locule trait, which involves genes regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) development. The expression pattern of TOPLESS3 (SlTPL3) throughout SAM development prompted us to investigate its functional significance via RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing. Lower SlTPL3 transcript levels resulted in larger fruits with more locules and larger SAMs at the 5 d after germination (DAG5) stage. Differentially expressed genes in the SAM of wild-type (WT) and SlTPL3-RNAi plants, identified by transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq), were enriched in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling pathways. Moreover, exogenous auxin and paclobutrazol treatments rescued the multi-locule phenotype, indicating that SlTPL3 affects SAM size by mediating auxin and GA levels in the SAM. Furthermore, SlTPL3 interacted with WUSCHEL (SlWUS), which plays an important role in SAM size maintenance. We conducted RNA-seq and DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP-seq) analyses to identify the genes regulated by SlTPL3 and SlWUS in the SAM and to determine how they regulate SAM size. We detected 24 overlapping genes regulated by SlTPL3 and SlWUS and harboring an SlWUS-binding motif in their promoters. Furthermore, functional annotation revealed a notable enrichment for functions in auxin transport, auxin signal transduction, and GA biosynthesis. Dual-luciferase assays also revealed that SlTPL3 enhances SlWUS-mediated regulation (repression and activation) of SlPIN3 and SlGA2ox4 transcription, indicating that the SlTPL3-SlWUS module regulates SAM size by mediating auxin distribution and GA levels, and perturbations of this module result in enlarged SAM. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of SAM maintenance and locule formation in tomato and highlight the SlTPL3-SlWUS module as a key regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zanlin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guojian Hu
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Mi He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Caiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mohammed Zouine
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, University of Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Su D, Liu K, Yu Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, He H, Zeng X, Chen H, Grierson D, Deng H, Liu M. Genome-wide characterization of the tomato GASA family identifies SlGASA1 as a repressor of fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac222. [PMID: 36643743 PMCID: PMC9832878 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in a wide range of developmental processes and stress responses in plants. However, the roles of GA-responsive genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development remain largely unknown. Here, we identify 17 GASA (Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis) family genes in tomato. These genes encode proteins with a cleavable signal peptide at their N terminus and a conserved GASA domain at their C terminus. The expression levels of all tomato GASA family genes were responsive to exogenous GA treatment, but adding ethylene eliminated this effect. Comprehensive expression profiling of SlGASA family genes showed that SlGASA1 follows a ripening-associated expression pattern, with low expression levels during fruit ripening, suggesting it plays a negative role in regulating ripening. Overexpressing SlGASA1 using a ripening-specific promoter delayed the onset of fruit ripening, whereas SlGASA1-knockdown fruits displayed accelerated ripening. Consistent with their delayed ripening, SlGASA1-overexpressing fruits showed significantly reduced ethylene production and carotenoid contents compared to the wild type. Moreover, ripening-related genes were downregulated in SlGASA1-overexpressing fruits but upregulated in SlGASA1-knockdown fruits compared to the wild type. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, transactivation, and DNA pull-down assays indicated that SlGASA1 interacts with the key ripening regulator FRUITFULL1 and represses its activation of the ethylene biosynthesis genes ACS2 and ACO1. Our findings shed new light on the role and mode of action of a GA-responsive gene in tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhuoshu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu He
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiaodan Zeng
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Don Grierson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Deng
- Correspondence author: Mingchun Liu Tel: 02885400432, Fax: 02885400432 Heng Deng Tel: 02885400432, Fax: 02885400432
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Correspondence author: Mingchun Liu Tel: 02885400432, Fax: 02885400432 Heng Deng Tel: 02885400432, Fax: 02885400432
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Cai Y, Xu M, Liu J, Zeng H, Song J, Sun B, Chen S, Deng Q, Lei J, Cao B, Chen C, Chen M, Chen K, Chen G, Zhu Z. Genome-wide analysis of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase families and their expression in fruit development and ripening stage of pepper ( Capsicum annuum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971230. [PMID: 36161016 PMCID: PMC9490122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fruit development and ripening process involve a series of changes regulated by fine-tune gene expression at the transcriptional level. Acetylation levels of histones on lysine residues are dynamically regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which play an essential role in the control of gene expression. However, their role in regulating fruit development and ripening process, especially in pepper (Capsicum annuum), a typical non-climacteric fruit, remains to understand. Herein, we performed genome-wide analyses of the HDAC and HAT family in the pepper, including phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, encoding protein conserved domain, and expression assays. A total of 30 HAT and 15 HDAC were identified from the pepper genome and the number of gene differentiation among species. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of CaHDACs and CaHATs compared with other plant HDAC and HAT proteins revealed gene conserved and potential genus-specialized genes. Furthermore, fruit developmental trajectory expression profiles showed that CaHDAC and CaHAT genes were differentially expressed, suggesting that some are functionally divergent. The integrative analysis allowed us to propose CaHDAC and CaHAT candidates to be regulating fruit development and ripening-related phytohormone metabolism and signaling, which also accompanied capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the role of histone modification mediate development and ripening in non-climacteric fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Zeng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muxi Chen
- Guangdong Helinong Seeds Co., Ltd., Shantou, China
| | - Kunhao Chen
- Guangdong Helinong Seeds Co., Ltd., Shantou, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Shi Y, Li BJ, Su G, Zhang M, Grierson D, Chen KS. Transcriptional regulation of fleshy fruit texture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1649-1672. [PMID: 35731033 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit texture is a critically important quality characteristic of ripe fruit. Softening is an irreversible process which operates in most fleshy fruits during ripening which, together with changes in color and taste, contributes to improvements in mouthfeel and general attractiveness. Softening results mainly from the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for cell wall modifications but starch degradation and high levels of flavonoids can also contribute to texture change. Some fleshy fruit undergo lignification during development and post-harvest, which negatively affects eating quality. Excessive softening can also lead to physical damage and infection, particularly during transport and storage which causes severe supply chain losses. Many transcription factors (TFs) that regulate fruit texture by controlling the expression of genes involved in cell wall and starch metabolism have been characterized. Some TFs directly regulate cell wall targets, while others act as part of a broader regulatory program governing several aspects of the ripening process. In this review, we focus on advances in our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing fruit textural change during fruit development, ripening and post-harvest. Potential targets for breeding and future research directions for the control of texture and quality improvement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bai-Jun Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqing Su
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Li S, Wu P, Yu X, Cao J, Chen X, Gao L, Chen K, Grierson D. Contrasting Roles of Ethylene Response Factors in Pathogen Response and Ripening in Fleshy Fruit. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162484. [PMID: 36010560 PMCID: PMC9406635 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are generally hard and unpalatable when unripe; however, as they mature, their quality is transformed by the complex and dynamic genetic and biochemical process of ripening, which affects all cell compartments. Ripening fruits are enriched with nutrients such as acids, sugars, vitamins, attractive volatiles and pigments and develop a pleasant taste and texture and become attractive to eat. Ripening also increases sensitivity to pathogens, and this presents a crucial problem for fruit postharvest transport and storage: how to enhance pathogen resistance while maintaining ripening quality. Fruit development and ripening involve many changes in gene expression regulated by transcription factors (TFs), some of which respond to hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. Ethylene response factor (ERF) TFs regulate both fruit ripening and resistance to pathogen stresses. Different ERFs regulate fruit ripening and/or pathogen responses in both fleshy climacteric and non-climacteric fruits and function cooperatively or independently of other TFs. In this review, we summarize the current status of studies on ERFs that regulate fruit ripening and responses to infection by several fungal pathogens, including a systematic ERF transcriptome analysis of fungal grey mould infection of tomato caused by Botrytis cinerea. This deepening understanding of the function of ERFs in fruit ripening and pathogen responses may identify novel approaches for engineering transcriptional regulation to improve fruit quality and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijinggang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.G.)
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