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Ali MF, Muday GK. Reactive oxygen species are signaling molecules that modulate plant reproduction. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1592-1605. [PMID: 38282262 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can serve as signaling molecules that are essential for plant growth and development but abiotic stress can lead to ROS increases to supraoptimal levels resulting in cellular damage. To ensure efficient ROS signaling, cells have machinery to locally synthesize ROS to initiate cellular responses and to scavenge ROS to prevent it from reaching damaging levels. This review summarizes experimental evidence revealing the role of ROS during multiple stages of plant reproduction. Localized ROS synthesis controls the formation of pollen grains, pollen-stigma interactions, pollen tube growth, ovule development, and fertilization. Plants utilize ROS-producing enzymes such as respiratory burst oxidase homologs and organelle metabolic pathways to generate ROS, while the presence of scavenging mechanisms, including synthesis of antioxidant proteins and small molecules, serves to prevent its escalation to harmful levels. In this review, we summarized the function of ROS and its synthesis and scavenging mechanisms in all reproductive stages from gametophyte development until completion of fertilization. Additionally, we further address the impact of elevated temperatures induced ROS on impairing these reproductive processes and of flavonol antioxidants in maintaining ROS homeostasis to minimize temperature stress to combat the impact of global climate change on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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2
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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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3
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Dietz KJ, Vogelsang L. A general concept of quantitative abiotic stress sensing. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:319-328. [PMID: 37591742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants often encounter stress in their environment. For appropriate responses to particular stressors, cells rely on sensory mechanisms that detect emerging stress. Considering sensor and signal amplification characteristics, a single sensor system hardly covers the entire stress range encountered by plants (e.g., salinity, drought, temperature stress). A dual system comprising stress-specific sensors and a general quantitative stress sensory system is proposed to enable the plant to optimize its response. The quantitative stress sensory system exploits the redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) network by altering the oxidation and reduction rates of individual redox-active molecules under stress impact. The proposed mechanism of quantitative stress sensing also fits the requirement of dealing with multifactorial stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Bielefeld University, Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Bielefeld University, Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Ahmed J, Ismail A, Ding L, Yool AJ, Chaumont F. A new method to measure aquaporin-facilitated membrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and cations in plant suspension cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:527-539. [PMID: 37946673 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and small solutes, including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and, possibly, cations, essential signalling molecules in many physiological processes. While the determination of the channel activity generally depends on heterologous expression of AQPs in Xenopus oocytes or yeast cells, we established a genetic tool to determine whether they facilitate the diffusion of H2 O2 through the plasma membrane in living plant cells. We designed genetic constructs to co-express the fluorescent H2 O2 sensor HyPer and AQPs, with expression controlled by a heat shock-inducible promoter in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. After induction of ZmPIP2;5 AQP expression, a HyPer signal was recorded when the cells were incubated with H2 O2 , suggesting that ZmPIP2;5 facilitates H2 O2 transmembrane diffusion; in contrast, the ZmPIP2;5W85A mutated protein was inactive as a water or H2 O2 channel. ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4 and AtPIP2;1 also facilitated H2 O2 diffusion. Incubation with abscisic acid and the elicitor flg22 peptide induced the intracellular H2 O2 accumulation in BY-2 cells expressing ZmPIP2;5. We also monitored cation channel activity of ZmPIP2;5 using a novel fluorescent photo-switchable Li+ sensor in BY-2 cells. BY-2 suspension cells engineered for inducible expression of AQPs as well as HyPer expression and the use of Li+ sensors constitute a powerful toolkit for evaluating the transport activity and the molecular determinants of PIPs in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahed Ahmed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea J Yool
- School of Biomedicine, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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5
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Dopp IJ, Kalac K, Mackenzie SA. Hydrogen peroxide sensor HyPer7 illuminates tissue-specific plastid redox dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:217-228. [PMID: 37226328 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species has been experimentally limited to pH-sensitive probes, unspecific redox dyes, and whole-plant phenotyping. Recent emergence of probes that circumvent these limitations permits advanced experimental approaches to investigate in situ plastid redox properties. Despite growing evidence of heterogeneity in photosynthetic plastids, investigations have not addressed the potential for spatial variation in redox and/or reactive oxygen dynamics. To study the dynamics of H2O2 in distinct plastid types, we targeted the pH-insensitive, highly specific probe HyPer7 to the plastid stroma in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using HyPer7 and glutathione redox potential (EGSH) probe for redox-active green fluorescent protein 2 genetically fused to the redox enzyme human glutaredoxin-1 with live cell imaging and optical dissection of cell types, we report heterogeneities in H2O2 accumulation and redox buffering within distinct epidermal plastids in response to excess light and hormone application. Our observations suggest that plastid types can be differentiated by their physiological redox features. These data underscore the variation in photosynthetic plastid redox dynamics and demonstrate the need for cell-type-specific observations in future plastid phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Dopp
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kylie Kalac
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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6
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Molinari PE, Krapp AR, Zurbriggen MD, Carrillo N. Lighting the light reactions of photosynthesis by means of redox-responsive genetically encoded biosensors for photosynthetic intermediates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2005-2018. [PMID: 37195389 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis involves light and dark phases. In the light phase, photosynthetic electron transport provides reducing power and energy to support the carbon assimilation process. It also contributes signals to defensive, repair, and metabolic pathways critical for plant growth and survival. The redox state of components of the photosynthetic machinery and associated routes determines the extent and direction of plant responses to environmental and developmental stimuli, and therefore, their space- and time-resolved detection in planta becomes critical to understand and engineer plant metabolism. Until recently, studies in living systems have been hampered by the inadequacy of disruptive analytical methods. Genetically encoded indicators based on fluorescent proteins provide new opportunities to illuminate these important issues. We summarize here information about available biosensors designed to monitor the levels and redox state of various components of the light reactions, including NADP(H), glutathione, thioredoxin, and reactive oxygen species. Comparatively few probes have been used in plants, and their application to chloroplasts poses still additional challenges. We discuss advantages and limitations of biosensors based on different principles and propose rationales for the design of novel probes to estimate the NADP(H) and ferredoxin/flavodoxin redox poise, as examples of the exciting questions that could be addressed by further development of these tools. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are remarkable tools to monitor the levels and/or redox state of components of the photosynthetic light reactions and accessory pathways. Reducing equivalents generated at the photosynthetic electron transport chain in the form of NADPH and reduced ferredoxin (FD) are used in central metabolism, regulation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Redox components of these pathways whose levels and/or redox status have been imaged in plants using biosensors are highlighted in green (NADPH, glutathione, H2O2, thioredoxins). Analytes with available biosensors not tried in plants are shown in pink (NADP+). Finally, redox shuttles with no existing biosensors are circled in light blue. APX, ASC peroxidase; ASC, ascorbate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; DHAR, DHA reductase; FNR, FD-NADP+ reductase; FTR, FD-TRX reductase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; MDA, monodehydroascorbate; MDAR, MDA reductase; NTRC, NADPH-TRX reductase C; OAA, oxaloacetate; PRX, peroxiredoxin; PSI, photosystem I; PSII: photosystem II; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TRX, thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Molinari
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana R Krapp
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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7
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Ugalde JM. The echo from outside: ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 1 modulates cytosolic effector-triggered reactive oxygen species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:23-24. [PMID: 36788776 PMCID: PMC10152679 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ugalde
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, USA
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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8
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Postiglione AE, Muday GK. Abscisic acid increases hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria to facilitate stomatal closure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:469-487. [PMID: 36573336 PMCID: PMC10152677 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) drives stomatal closure to minimize water loss due to transpiration in response to drought. We examined the subcellular location of ABA-increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells, which drive stomatal closure, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ABA-dependent increases in fluorescence of the generic ROS sensor, dichlorofluorescein (DCF), were observed in mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytosol, and nuclei. The ABA response in all these locations was lost in an ABA-insensitive quintuple receptor mutant. The ABA-increased fluorescence in mitochondria of both DCF- and an H2O2-selective probe, Peroxy Orange 1, colocalized with Mitotracker Red. ABA treatment of guard cells transformed with the genetically encoded H2O2 reporter targeted to the cytoplasm (roGFP2-Orp1), or mitochondria (mt-roGFP2-Orp1), revealed H2O2 increases. Consistent with mitochondrial ROS changes functioning in stomatal closure, we found that guard cells of a mutant with mitochondrial defects, ABA overly sensitive 6 (abo6), have elevated ABA-induced ROS in mitochondria and enhanced stomatal closure. These effects were phenocopied with rotenone, which increased mitochondrial ROS. In contrast, the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, dampened ABA effects on mitochondrial ROS accumulation and stomatal closure in Col-0 and reversed the guard cell closure phenotype of the abo6 mutant. ABA-induced ROS accumulation in guard cell mitochondria was lost in mutants in genes encoding respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) enzymes and reduced by treatment with the RBOH inhibitor, VAS2870, consistent with RBOH machinery acting in ABA-increased ROS in guard cell mitochondria. These results demonstrate that ABA elevates H2O2 accumulation in guard cell mitochondria to promote stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA 27109
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA 27109
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9
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Mallén-Ponce MJ, Gámez-Arcas S, Pérez-Pérez ME. Redox partner interactions in the ATG8 lipidation system in microalgae. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:58-68. [PMID: 37028463 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that functions as a degradative and recycling process to maintain cellular homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells, including photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae. This process involves the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which engulf the material to be degraded and recycled in lytic compartments. Autophagy is mediated by a set of highly conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that play a fundamental role in the formation of the autophagosome. The ATG8 ubiquitin-like system catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8 to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine, an essential reaction in the autophagy process. Several studies identified the ATG8 system and other core ATG proteins in photosynthetic eukaryotes. However, how ATG8 lipidation is driven and regulated in these organisms is not fully understood yet. A detailed analysis of representative genomes from the entire microalgal lineage revealed a high conservation of ATG proteins in these organisms with the remarkable exception of red algae, which likely lost ATG genes before diversification. Here, we examine in silico the mechanisms and dynamic interactions between different components of the ATG8 lipidation system in plants and algae. Moreover, we also discuss the role of redox post-translational modifications in the regulation of ATG proteins and the activation of autophagy in these organisms by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Mallén-Ponce
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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10
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Cuypers A, Vanbuel I, Iven V, Kunnen K, Vandionant S, Huybrechts M, Hendrix S. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress responses and acclimation in plants require fine-tuning of redox biology at subcellular level. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:81-96. [PMID: 36775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic compounds released into our environment and is harmful to human health, urging the need to remediate Cd-polluted soils. To this end, it is important to increase our insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd stress responses in plants, ultimately leading to acclimation, and to develop novel strategies for economic validation of these soils. Albeit its non-redox-active nature, Cd causes a cellular oxidative challenge, which is a crucial determinant in the onset of diverse signalling cascades required for long-term acclimation and survival of Cd-exposed plants. Although it is well known that Cd affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, the contribution of individual organelles to Cd-induced oxidative stress responses is less well studied. Here, we provide an overview of the current information on Cd-induced organellar responses with special attention to redox biology. We propose that an integration of organellar ROS signals with other signalling pathways is essential to finetune plant acclimation to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Isabeau Vanbuel
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Kunnen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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11
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Baker A, Lin CC, Lett C, Karpinska B, Wright MH, Foyer CH. Catalase: A critical node in the regulation of cell fate. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:56-66. [PMID: 36775107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an extensively studied if somewhat enigmatic enzyme that is at the heart of eukaryotic antioxidant systems with a canonical role in peroxisomal function. The CAT family of proteins exert control over a wide range of plant growth and defence processes. CAT proteins are subject to many types of post-translational modification (PTM), which modify activity, ligand binding, stability, compartmentation and function. The CAT interactome involves many cytosolic and nuclear proteins that appear to be essential for protein functions. Hence, the CAT network of roles extends far beyond those associated with peroxisomal metabolism. Some pathogen effector proteins are able to redirect CAT to the nucleus and recent evidence indicates CAT can traffic to the nucleus in the absence of exogenous proteins. While the mechanisms that target CAT to the nucleus are not understood, CAT activity in the cytosol and nucleus is promoted by interactions with nucleoredoxin. Here we discuss recent findings that have been pivotal in generating a step change in our understanding of CAT functions in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Casey Lett
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Megan H Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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12
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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13
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Kaynert J, Thulabandu VR, Pandey AK, Spyropoulos F, Covington T, Das AA, Krüger C, Michel T. Differential endothelial hydrogen peroxide signaling via Nox isoforms: Critical roles for Rac1 and modulation by statins. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102539. [PMID: 36401888 PMCID: PMC9673117 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins have manifold protective effects on the cardiovascular system. In addition to lowering LDL cholesterol levels, statins also have antioxidant effects on cardiovascular tissues involving intracellular redox pathways that are incompletely understood. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by statins not only modulates cholesterol synthesis, but also blocks the synthesis of lipids necessary for the post-translational modification of signaling proteins, including the GTPase Rac1. Here we studied the mechanisms whereby Rac1 and statins modulate the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via NADPH oxidase (Nox) isoforms. In live-cell imaging experiments using the H2O2 biosensor HyPer7, we observed robust H2O2 generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) following activation of cell surface receptors for histamine or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both VEGF- and histamine-stimulated H2O2 responses were abrogated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rac1. VEGF responses required the Nox isoforms Nox2 and Nox4, while histamine-stimulated H2O2 signals are independent of Nox4 but still required Nox2. Endothelial H2O2 responses to both histamine and VEGF were completely inhibited by simvastatin. In resting endothelial cells, Rac1 is targeted to the cell membrane and cytoplasm, but simvastatin treatment promotes translocation of Rac1 to the cell nucleus. The effects of simvastatin both on receptor-dependent H2O2 production and Rac1 translocation are rescued by treatment of cells with mevalonic acid, which is the enzymatic product of the HMG-CoA reductase that is inhibited by statins. Taken together, these studies establish that receptor-modulated H2O2 responses to histamine and VEGF involve distinct Nox isoforms, both of which are completely dependent on Rac1 prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Kaynert
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arvind K Pandey
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor Covington
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Apabrita Ayan Das
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Martin RE, Postiglione AE, Muday GK. Reactive oxygen species function as signaling molecules in controlling plant development and hormonal responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102293. [PMID: 36099672 PMCID: PMC10475289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as second messengers in plant signaling pathways to remodel plant growth and development. New insights into how enzymatic ROS-producing machinery is regulated by hormones or localized during development have provided a framework for understanding the mechanisms that control ROS accumulation patterns. Signaling-mediated increases in ROS can then modulate the activity of proteins through reversible oxidative modification of specific cysteine residues. Plants also control the synthesis of antioxidants, including plant-specialized metabolites, to further define when, where, and how much ROS accumulate. The availability of sophisticated imaging capabilities, combined with a growing tool kit of ROS detection technologies, particularly genetically encoded biosensors, sets the stage for improved understanding of ROS as signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emily Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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15
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Lukan T, Coll A. Intertwined Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Salicylic Acid Signaling Are Crucial for the Plant Response to Biotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105568. [PMID: 35628379 PMCID: PMC9147500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest hallmarks of plant immune response is production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different subcellular compartments, which regulate plant immunity. A suitable equilibrium, which is crucial to prevent ROS overaccumulation leading to oxidative stress, is maintained by salicylic acid (SA), a chief regulator of ROS. However, ROS not only act downstream of SA signaling, but are also proposed to be a central component of a self-amplifying loop that regulates SA signaling as well as the interaction balance between different phytohormones. The exact role of this crosstalk, the position where SA interferes with ROS signaling and ROS interferes with SA signaling and the outcome of this regulation, depend on the origin of ROS but also on the pathosystem. The precise spatiotemporal regulation of organelle-specific ROS and SA levels determine the effectiveness of pathogen arrest and is therefore crucial for a successful immune response. However, the regulatory interplay behind still remains poorly understood, as up until now, the role of organelle-specific ROS and SA in hypersensitive response (HR)-conferred resistance has mostly been studied by altering the level of a single component. In order to address these aspects, a sophisticated combination of research methods for monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of key players and transcriptional activity in plants is needed and will most probably consist of biosensors and precision transcriptomics.
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16
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Ugalde JM, Fecker L, Schwarzländer M, Müller-Schüssele SJ, Meyer AJ. Live Monitoring of ROS-Induced Cytosolic Redox Changes with roGFP2-Based Sensors in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2526:65-85. [PMID: 35657512 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products of oxygen metabolism and for signal transduction. Depending on their concentration and their site of production, ROS can cause oxidative damage within the cell and must be effectively scavenged. Detoxification of the most stable ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), via the glutathione-ascorbate pathway may transiently alter the glutathione redox potential (EGSH). Changes in EGSH can thus be considered as an indicator of the oxidative load in the cell. Genetically encoded probes based on roGFP2 enable extended opportunities for in vivo monitoring of H2O2 and EGSH dynamics. Here, we provide detailed protocols for live monitoring of both parameters in the cytosol with the probes Grx1-roGFP2 for EGSH and roGFP2-Orp1 for H2O2, respectively. The protocols have been adapted for live cell imaging with high lateral resolution on a confocal microscope and for multi-parallel measurements in whole organs or intact seedlings in a fluorescence microplate reader. Elicitor-induced ROS generation is used for illustration of the opportunities for dynamic ROS measurements that can be transferred to other research questions and model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ugalde
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara Fecker
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Schwarzländer M, Zurbriggen MD. Sensors and controllers-for and from plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:473-476. [PMID: 34608975 PMCID: PMC8491071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Matias D. Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Sadoine M, Ishikawa Y, Kleist TJ, Wudick MM, Nakamura M, Grossmann G, Frommer WB, Ho CH. Designs, applications, and limitations of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors to explore plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:485-503. [PMID: 35237822 PMCID: PMC8491070 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of signaling and metabolic processes in multicellular organisms requires knowledge of the spatial dynamics of small molecules and the activities of enzymes, transporters, and other proteins in vivo, as well as biophysical parameters inside cells and across tissues. The cellular distribution of receptors, ligands, and activation state must be integrated with information about the cellular distribution of metabolites in relation to metabolic fluxes and signaling dynamics in order to achieve the promise of in vivo biochemistry. Genetically encoded sensors are engineered fluorescent proteins that have been developed for a wide range of small molecules, such as ions and metabolites, or to report biophysical processes, such as transmembrane voltage or tension. First steps have been taken to monitor the activity of transporters in vivo. Advancements in imaging technologies and specimen handling and stimulation have enabled researchers in plant sciences to implement sensor technologies in intact plants. Here, we provide a brief history of the development of genetically encoded sensors and an overview of the types of sensors available for quantifying and visualizing ion and metabolite distribution and dynamics. We further discuss the pros and cons of specific sensor designs, imaging systems, and sample manipulations, provide advice on the choice of technology, and give an outlook into future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Sadoine
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Yuuma Ishikawa
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Thomas J. Kleist
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michael M. Wudick
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Wolf B. Frommer
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Author for communication:
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19
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Kritsiligkou P, Shen TK, Dick TP. A comparison of Prx- and OxyR-based H 2O 2 probes expressed in S. cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100866. [PMID: 34118234 PMCID: PMC8274284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 probes continue to advance the field of redox biology. Here, we compare the previously established peroxiredoxin-based H2O2 probe roGFP2-Tsa2ΔCR with the newly described OxyR-based H2O2 probe HyPer7, using yeast as the model system. Although not as sensitive as roGFP2-Tsa2ΔCR, HyPer7 is much improved relative to earlier HyPer versions, most notably by ratiometric pH stability. The most striking difference between the two probes is the dynamics of intracellular probe reduction. HyPer7 is rapidly reduced, predominantly by the thioredoxin system, whereas roGFP2-Tsa2ΔCR is reduced more slowly, predominantly by the glutathione system. We discuss the pros and cons of each probe and suggest that future side-by-side measurements with both probes may provide information on the relative activity of the two major cellular reducing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzu Keng Shen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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