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Zafeiropoulos S, Ahmed U, Bikou A, Mughrabi IT, Stavrakis S, Zanos S. Vagus nerve stimulation for cardiovascular diseases: Is there light at the end of the tunnel? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:327-337. [PMID: 37506989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction and chronic inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, atherosclerotic CVD, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart, vessels, and lungs, and is also implicated in the neural control of inflammation through a neuroimmune pathway involving the spleen. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) can in principle restore autonomic balance and suppress inflammation, with potential therapeutic benefits in these diseases. Although VNS ameliorated CVD in several animal models, early human studies have demonstrated variable efficacy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the rationale behind the use of VNS in the treatment of CVD, to critically review animal and human studies of VNS in CVD, and to propose possible means to overcome the challenges in the clinical translation of VNS in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Bikou
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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2
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Li X, Deng J, Long Y, Ma Y, Wu Y, Hu Y, He X, Yu S, Li D, Li N, He F. Focus on brain-lung crosstalk: Preventing or treating the pathological vicious circle between the brain and the lung. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105768. [PMID: 38768685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing attention to bidirectional information exchange between the brain and lungs. Typical physiological data is communicated by channels like the circulation and sympathetic nervous system. However, communication between the brain and lungs can also occur in pathological conditions. Studies have shown that severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and other brain diseases can lead to lung damage. Conversely, severe lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, and respiratory failure can exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses, aggravate brain damage, deteriorate neurological function, and result in poor prognosis. A brain or lung injury can have adverse effects on another organ through various pathways, including inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, neurosecretory factors, microbiome and oxygen. Researchers have increasingly concentrated on possible links between the brain and lungs. However, there has been little attention given to how the interaction between the brain and lungs affects the development of brain or lung disorders, which can lead to clinical states that are susceptible to alterations and can directly affect treatment results. This review described the relationships between the brain and lung in both physiological and pathological conditions, detailing the various pathways of communication such as neurological, inflammatory, immunological, endocrine, and microbiological pathways. Meanwhile, this review provides a comprehensive summary of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for diseases related to the brain and lungs. It aims to support clinical endeavors in preventing and treating such ailments and serve as a reference for the development of relevant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaofang He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fei He
- Department of Geratology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(the Fifth Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University), Chongqing, 402160, China.
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Xie X, Zhang N, Fu J, Wang Z, Ye Z, Liu Z. The potential for traditional Chinese therapy in treating sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009527. [PMID: 36299906 PMCID: PMC9589290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019, it has spread rapidly across the globe. Sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 have become a major concern for COVID-19 patients and recovered patients. So far, there’s no effective therapy on this. Traditional Chinese therapy (TCT) has a great effect on sleep disorders, with rare side effects and no obvious withdrawal symptoms. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a neuroregulatory pathway in the central nervous system that uses cholinergic neurons and neurotransmitters to suppress inflammatory responses, has been reported to be associated with sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Many studies have shown that TCT activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), inhibits inflammation, and relieves associated symptoms. Therefore, we believe that TCT may be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate sleep disorders induced by COVID-19 through CAP. In this review, we analyzed the relationship between cytokine storm induced by Coronavirus and sleep disorders, explained the influence of CAP on sleep disorders, discussed the TCT’s effect on CAP, and summarized the treatment effect of TCT on sleep disorders. Based on these practical researches and theoretical basis, we propose potential strategies to effectively improve the sleep disorders caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingya Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Zhenzhi Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Zirun Ye
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijun Liu,
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Jankauskaite L, Malinauskas M, Mickeviciute GC. HMGB1: A Potential Target of Nervus Vagus Stimulation in Pediatric SARS-CoV-2-Induced ALI/ARDS. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:884539. [PMID: 35633962 PMCID: PMC9132499 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.884539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From the start of pandemics, children were described as the ones who were less affected by SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19, which was mild in most of the cases. However, with the growing vaccination rate of the adult population, children became more exposed to the virus and more cases of severe SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS are being diagnosed with the disabling consequences or lethal outcomes associated with the cytokine storm. Thus, we do hypothesize that some of the children could benefit from nervus vagus stimulation during COVID-19 ARDS through the inhibition of HMGB1 release and interaction with the receptor, resulting in decreased neutrophil accumulation, oxidative stress, and coagulopathy as well as lung vascular permeability. Moreover, stimulation through alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors could boost macrophage phagocytosis and increase the clearance of DAMPs and PAMPs. Further rise of FGF10 could contribute to lung stem cell proliferation and potential regeneration of the injured lung. However, this stimulation should be very specific, timely, and of proper duration, as it could lead to such adverse effects as increased viral spread and systemic infection, especially in small children or infants due to specific pediatric immunity state and anatomical features of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Pediatric Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Malinauskas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Goda-Camille Mickeviciute
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Pediatric Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Rehabilitation Center “Palangos Linas”, Palanga, Lithuania
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Klein Wolterink RGJ, Wu GS, Chiu IM, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuroimmune Interactions in Peripheral Organs. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:339-360. [PMID: 35363534 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the nervous and immune systems were recognized long ago, but recent studies show that this crosstalk occurs more frequently than was previously appreciated. Moreover, technological advances have enabled the identification of the molecular mediators and receptors that enable the interaction between these two complex systems and provide new insights on the role of neuroimmune crosstalk in organismal physiology. Most neuroimmune interaction occurs at discrete anatomical locations in which neurons and immune cells colocalize. Here, we describe the interactions of the different branches of the peripheral nervous system with immune cells in various organs, including the skin, intestine, lung, and adipose tissue. We highlight how neuroimmune crosstalk orchestrates physiological processes such as host defense, tissue repair, metabolism, and thermogenesis. Unraveling these intricate relationships is invaluable to explore the therapeutic potential of neuroimmune interaction. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glendon S Wu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Yang A, Liu B, Inoue T. Role of autonomic system imbalance in neurogenic pulmonary oedema. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1645-1657. [PMID: 35277906 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after an injury to the central nervous system (CNS). The autonomic system imbalance produced by severe brain damage may play an important role in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and inhibition of the vagus nerve system are essential prerequisites for autonomic system imbalance. The more severe the damage, the more pronounced the phenomenon. Sympathetic hyperactivity is associated with increased release of catecholamines from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings, which can cause dramatic changes in haemodynamics and cause pulmonary oedema. On the other hand, the abnormal inflammatory response caused by vagus nerve inhibition may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPE. The perspective of autonomic system imbalance seems to perfectly integrate the existing pathogenesis of NPE and can explain the entire development progression of NPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Gao ZW, Li L, Huang YY, Zhao CQ, Xue SJ, Chen J, Yang ZZ, Xu JF, Su X. Vagal-α7nAChR signaling is required for lung anti-inflammatory responses and arginase 1 expression during an influenza infection. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1642-1652. [PMID: 33414508 PMCID: PMC8463540 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal circuit-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR, coded by Chrna7) signaling can modulate lung proinflammatory responses. Arginase 1 (ARG1) plays a crucial role in the resolution of lung inflammation. However, whether vagal-α7nAChR signaling can regulate lung inflammation and ARG1 expression during an influenza infection is elusive. Here, we found that lung and spleen IL-4+ cells and lung ARG1 expression were reduced; however, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein and leukocytes and lung inflammatory cytokines were increased in PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934, H1N1)-infected vagotomized mice when compared to the control. In PR8-infected α7nAChR-deficient mice, lung Arg1, Il10, and Socs3 expression and BAL Ly6C+CD206+ cells were reduced. PR8-infected Chrna7+/+ recipient mice reconstituted with Chrna7-/- bone marrow had a lower survival as compared to PR8-infected Chrna7+/+ recipient mice reconstituted with Chrna7+/+ bone marrow. Mechanistically, the activation of α7nAChR by its agonist GTS-21 could enhance IL-4-induced Arg1 expression, reduced Nos2, and TNF-α expression in PR8-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Stimulation with IL-4 increased phosphorylation of STAT6 and activation of α7nAChR increased STAT6 binding with the ARG1 promoter and relieved IL-4-induced H3K27me3 methylation by increasing JMJD3 expression in PR8-infected BMDM. Inhibition of JMJD3 increased H3K27me3 methylation and abolished α7nAChR activation and IL-4 induced ARG1 expression. Activation of α7nAChR also reduced phosphorylation of AKT1 and contained FOXO1 in the nucleus. Knockdown of Foxo1a reduced α7nAChR activation and IL-4 induced Arg1 expression in PR8-infected BMDM. Therefore, vagal-α7nAChR signaling is a novel therapeutic target for treating lung inflammatory responses during an influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wei Gao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cai-Qi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuang-Jia Xue
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhong-Zhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Horkowitz AP, Schwartz AV, Alvarez CA, Herrera EB, Thoman ML, Chatfield DA, Osborn KG, Feuer R, George UZ, Phillips JA. Acetylcholine Regulates Pulmonary Pathology During Viral Infection and Recovery. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:333-350. [PMID: 33365281 PMCID: PMC7751717 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s279228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was designed to explore the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in pulmonary viral infection and recovery. Inflammatory control is critical to recovery from respiratory viral infection. ACh secreted from non-neuronal sources, including lymphocytes, plays an important, albeit underappreciated, role in regulating immune-mediated inflammation. Methods ACh and lymphocyte cholinergic status in the lungs were measured over the course of influenza infection and recovery. The role of ACh was examined by inhibiting ACh synthesis in vivo. Pulmonary inflammation was monitored by Iba1 immunofluorescence, using a novel automated algorithm. Tissue repair was monitored histologically. Results Pulmonary ACh remained constant through the early stage of infection and increased during the peak of the acquired immune response. As the concentration of ACh increased, cholinergic lymphocytes appeared in the BAL and lungs. Cholinergic capacity was found primarily in CD4 T cells, but also in B cells and CD8 T cells. The cholinergic CD4+ T cells bound to influenza-specific tetramers and were retained in the resident memory regions of the lung up to 2 months after infection. Histologically, cholinergic lymphocytes were found in direct physical contact with activated macrophages throughout the lung. Inflammation was monitored by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunofluorescence, using a novel automated algorithm. When ACh production was inhibited, mice exhibited increased tissue inflammation and delayed recovery. Histologic examination revealed abnormal tissue repair when ACh was limited. Conclusion These findings point to a previously unrecognized role for ACh in the transition from active immunity to recovery and pulmonary repair following respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Horkowitz
- Donald P. Shiley Biosciences Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley V Schwartz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carlos A Alvarez
- Donald P. Shiley Biosciences Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Edgar B Herrera
- Donald P. Shiley Biosciences Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marilyn L Thoman
- Donald P. Shiley Biosciences Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dale A Chatfield
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kent G Osborn
- Office of Animal Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ralph Feuer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Uduak Z George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joy A Phillips
- Donald P. Shiley Biosciences Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Feng X, Li L, Feng J, He W, Li N, Shi T, Jie Z, Su X. Vagal-α7nAChR signaling attenuates allergic asthma responses and facilitates asthma tolerance by regulating inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:206-222. [PMID: 32893406 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of immune tolerance may lead to allergic asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) are key players in asthma. The vagus nerve innervating the airways releases acetylcholine or neuropeptides (i.e. calcitonin gene-related peptide) via pulmonary C-fibers (PCFs), which could regulate ILC2 activity upon binding the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR, coded by Chrna7) or neuropeptide receptors. Whether and how α7nAChR and PCFs regulate asthma and the formation of asthma tolerance via ILC2s or iILC2s are poorly understood. We used vagotomized, PCF degeneration and Chrna7 knockout mice to investigate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and oral OVA feeding-induced asthma tolerance. Our results revealed that vagotomy could generally suppress lung ILC2s and iILC2s, which mitigated allergic asthma responses but disrupted asthmatic tolerance. Removal of neuropeptides by PCF degeneration also reduced lung ILC2s and iILC2s, attenuating asthma responses, but did not affect asthma tolerance. In comparison, deletion of Chrna7 increased resident ILC2s and trafficking iILC2s in the lung, worsened allergic inflammation and disrupted oral tolerance. Mechanistically, deletion of Chrna7 in asthma-tolerant conditions upregulated T helper 2 cytokine- (Il4, Il13 and Il25) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-related genes (S1pr1 and Sphk1). Blockade of S1P reduced iILC2 recruitment into asthmatic lungs. Our work is the first to demonstrate that vagal-α7nAChR signaling engaging with iILC2s and S1P not only alleviates asthma but also facilitates asthma tolerance. These findings may provide a novel therapeutic target for attenuating asthma by enhancing asthmatic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyun Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Chen X, Chen J, Song Y, Su X. Vagal α7nAChR signaling regulates α7nAChR +Sca1 + cells during lung injury repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32867826 PMCID: PMC7457374 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The distal airways of the lung and bone marrow are innervated by the vagus nerve. Vagal α7nAChR signaling plays a key role in regulating lung infection and inflammation; however, whether this pathway regulates α7nAChR+Sca1+ cells during lung injury repair remains unknown. We hypothesized that vagal α7nAChR signaling controls α7nAChR+Sca1+ cells, which contribute to the resolution of lung injury. Methods Pneumonia was induced by intratracheal challenge with E. coli. The bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) were isolated from the bone marrow of pneumonia mice for immunofluorescence. The bone marrow, blood, BAL, and lung cells were isolated for flow cytometric analysis by labeling with anti-Sca1, VE-cadherin, p-Akt1, or Flk1 antibodies. Immunofluorescence was also used to examine the coexpression of α7nAChR, VE-cadherin, and p-Akt1. Sham, vagotomized, α7nAChR knockout, and Akt1 knockout mice were infected with E. coli to study the regulatory role of vagal α7nAChR signaling and Akt1 in Sca1+ cells. Results During pneumonia, BM-MNCs were enriched with α7nAChR+Sca1+ cells, and this cell population proliferated. Transplantation of pneumonia BM-MNCs could mitigate lung injury and increase engraftment in recipient pneumonia lungs. Activation of α7nAChR by its agonist could boost α7nAChR+Sca1+ cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in pneumonia. Immunofluorescence revealed that α7nAChR, VE-cadherin, and p-Akt1 were coexpressed in the bone marrow cells. Vagotomy could reduce α7nAChR+VE-cadherin+ and VE-cadherin+p-Akt1+ cells in the bone marrow in pneumonia. Knockout of α7nAChR reduced VE-cadherin+ cells and p-Akt1+ cells in the bone marrow. Deletion of Akt1 reduced Sca1+ cells in the bone marrow and BAL. More importantly, 91.3 ± 4.9% bone marrow and 77.8 ± 4.9% lung α7nAChR+Sca1+VE-cadherin+ cells expressed Flk1, which is a key marker of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Vagotomy reduced α7nAChR+Sca1+VE-cadherin+p-Akt1+ cells in the bone marrow and lung from pneumonia mice. Treatment with cultured EPCs reduced ELW compared to PBS treatment in E. coli pneumonia mice at 48 h. The ELW was further reduced by treatment with EPCs combining with α7nAChR agonist-PHA568487 compared to EPC treatments only. Conclusions Vagal α7nAChR signaling regulates α7nAChR+Sca1+VE-cadherin+ EPCs via phosphorylation of Akt1 during lung injury repair in pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Bonaz B, Sinniger V, Pellissier S. Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? Bioelectron Med 2020; 6:15. [PMID: 32743022 PMCID: PMC7387121 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-00051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at the origin of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, is characterized by a dramatic cytokine storm in some critical patients with COVID-19. This storm is due to the release of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemokines by respiratory epithelial and dendritic cells, and macrophages. We hypothesize that this cytokine storm and the worsening of patients’ health status can be dampened or even prevented by specifically targeting the vagal-driven cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). The CAP is a concept that involves an anti-inflammatory effect of vagal efferents by the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (α7nAChRs) is required for ACh inhibition of macrophage-TNF release and cytokine modulation. Hence, targeting the α7nAChRs through vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could be of interest in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, through the wide innervation of the organism by the vagus nerve, especially the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, VNS appears as a serious candidate for a few side effect treatment that could dampen or prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Finally, a continuous vagal tone monitoring in patients with COVID-19 could be used as a predictive marker of COVID-19 illness course but also as a predictive marker of response to COVID-19 treatment such as VNS or others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonaz
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Sinniger
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sonia Pellissier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc and LIP/PC2S, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Matsui T, Kobayashi T, Hirano M, Kanda M, Sun G, Otake Y, Okada M, Watanabe S, Hakozaki Y. A Pneumonia Screening System based on Parasympathetic Activity Monitoring in Non-contact Way using Compact Radars Beneath the Bed Mattress. J Infect 2020; 81:e142-e144. [PMID: 32505581 PMCID: PMC7271866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takemi Matsui
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan.
| | | | - Masaya Hirano
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanda
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
| | - Guanghao Sun
- Graduate school of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Otake
- Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
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13
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Santana FPR, Pinheiro NM, Bittencourt-Mernak MI, Perini A, Yoshizaki K, Macchione M, Saldiva PHN, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Prado CM. Vesicular acetylcholine transport deficiency potentiates some inflammatory responses induced by diesel exhaust particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:494-504. [PMID: 30368143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh), which depends of the levels of vesicular ACh transport (VAChT) to be released, is the central mediator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system. ACh controls the release of cytokine in different models of inflammation. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are one of the major environmental pollutants produced in large quantity by automotive engines in urban center. DEP bind the lung parenchyma and induce inflammation. We evaluated whether cholinergic dysfunction worsens DEP-induced lung inflammation. Male mice with decreased ACh release due to reduced expression of VAChT (VAChT-KD mice) were submitted to DEP exposure for 30 days (3 mg/mL of DEP, once a day, five days a week) or saline. Pulmonary function and inflammation as well as extracellular matrix fiber deposition were evaluated. Additionally, airway and nasal epithelial mucus production were quantified. We found that DEP instillation worsened lung function and increased lung inflammation. Higher levels of mononuclear cells were observed in the peripheral blood of both wild-type (WT) and VAChT-KD mice. Also, both wild-type (WT) and VAChT-KD mice showed an increase in macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as increased expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, and NF-κB in lung cells. The collagen fiber content in alveolar septa was also increased in both genotypes. On the other hand, we observed that granulocytes were increased only in VAChT-KD peripheral blood. Likewise, increased BALF lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as increased elastic fibers in alveolar septa, airway neutral mucus, and nasal epithelia acid mucus were observed only in VAChT-KD mice. The cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α were also higher in VAChT-KD mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, decreased ability to release ACh exacerbates some of the lung alterations induced by DEP in mice, suggesting that VAChT-KD animals are more vulnerable to the effects of DEP in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P R Santana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M Pinheiro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adenir Perini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Yoshizaki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio M Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vânia F Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
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14
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Liu R, Wu C, Li L, Chi F, Zhang T, Xu Y, Ji L, Chen Z, Hu H, Zhang X, Huang S, Wang L. CD48 and α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Synergistically Regulate FimH-Mediated Escherichia coli K1 Penetration and Neutrophil Transmigration Across Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:470-479. [PMID: 30202861 PMCID: PMC6325351 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FimH-mediated bacterial invasion and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration across human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) are required for the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli meningitis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study demonstrated that the TnphoA mutant (22A33) and FimH-knockout mutant (ΔFimH) of E coli strain E44, which resulted in inactivation of FimH, were less invasive and less effective in promoting PMN transmigration than their wild-type strain. FimH protein induced PMN transmigration, whereas calmodulin inhibitor significantly blocked this effect. Moreover, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that colocalized CD48 and α7 nAChR formed a complex on the surface of HBMECs that is associated with increased cofilin dephosphorylation, which could be remarkably enhanced by FimH+ E44. Our study concluded that FimH-induced E coli K1 invasion and PMN migration across HBMECs may be mediated by the CD48-α7nAChR complex in lipid rafts of HBMEC via Ca2+ signaling and cofilin dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, China
| | - Yating Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lulu Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Hanyang Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Shenghe Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropocal Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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15
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Abstract
The interplay between the immune and nervous systems has been acknowledged in the past, but only more recent studies have started to unravel the cellular and molecular players of such interactions. Mounting evidence indicates that environmental signals are sensed by discrete neuro-immune cell units (NICUs), which represent defined anatomical locations in which immune and neuronal cells colocalize and functionally interact to steer tissue physiology and protection. These units have now been described in multiple tissues throughout the body, including lymphoid organs, adipose tissue, and mucosal barriers. As such, NICUs are emerging as important orchestrators of multiple physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, organogenesis, inflammation, tissue repair, and thermogenesis. In this review we focus on the impact of NICUs in tissue physiology and how this fast-evolving field is driving a paradigm shift in our understanding of immunoregulation and organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Godinho-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal; , ,
| | - Filipa Cardoso
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal; , ,
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16
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Chen J, Su X. Deficiency of HIF-1α in myeloid cells protects Escherichia coli or LPS-induced acute lung injury. QJM 2018; 111:707-714. [PMID: 30016480 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in macrophages reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality; however, whether HIF-1α expression in myeloid cells would contribute to the development of Escherichia coli (E. coli) or LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is less investigated. AIM To test whether deletion of Hif1α in myeloid cells affects E. coli or LPS-induced ALI and to elicit the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN Laboratory study. METHODS We intratracheally challenged Hif1αfl/fl and Hif1αfl/flLysMCre mice with E. coli or LPS to analyze lung and spleen inflammatory responses. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells in the lung and spleen. Double knockout of Chrna7 and Itgam mice were used to examine expression of HIF-1α during E. coli lung infection. Vagotomy was performed to demonstrate the role of vagus nerve in mediating protective effects of deletion of Hif1α in myeloid cells on LPS-induced ALI. RESULTS Deletion of Hif1α in myeloid cells could reduce lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and lung and BAL inflammatory cytokines in E. coli-induced ALI. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells in the lung and spleen were markedly increased in E. coli-challenged Hif1αfl/flLysMCre mice compared with E. coli-challenged Hif1αfl/fl mice. Double knockout of Chrna7 and Itgam increased HIF-1α expression in lung and spleen cells during lung E. coli infection. Vagotomy abolished the protective effect of deletion of Hif1α in myeloid cells on LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSION Deletion of Hif1α in myeloid cells could protect mice from lung injury depending on α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells and innervation of vagal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - C Zhao
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - X Su
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li X, Xu Y, Cheng Y, Wang R. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to the alleviation of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 stimulation. J Surg Res 2018; 230:164-174. [PMID: 30100034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) decreases lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) in rabbits and rats. Stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) protects against lung injury. Here we examined whether α7nAChRs contribute to TRPV1-mediated protection against LIRI. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and TRPV1-knockout (KO) mice were subjected to 1-h lung ischemia by clamping left hilum, followed by 2-h reperfusion. WT or KO mice were pretreated with vehicle, TRPV1 agonist capsaicin, TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine, or α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987. Arterial blood and lung tissues were obtained for blood gas, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), apoptosis-related proteins (caspases, Bax, Fas), and pathologic scoring. RESULTS Capsaicin pretreatment reduced wet-to-dry ratio, pathologic score, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2), and IL1β, IL6, and TNFα levels in WT mice, with no effects in KO mice. This reduction was reversed by TRPV1 blockade. Furthermore, α7nAChR blockade before capsaicin exacerbated LIRI as evidenced by enhanced alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, pathologic score, and IL1β, IL6, and TNFα levels, while α7nAChR agonist pretreatment under TRPV1 blockade showed opposite changes. Capsaicin also decreased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3/9, and Bax protein expression, effects abolished by TRPV1 blockade. Similarly, α7nAChR blockade diminished capsaicin-induced downregulation of apoptotic proteins, and α7nAChR activation decreased expression levels even under TRPV1 blockade. CONCLUSIONS TRPV1 activation alleviates LIRI, partially dependent on α7nAChR activity. The α7nAChR stimulation with or without existence of TRPV1 alleviates LIRI. Thus, α7nAChR is involved in the pathway of TRPV1-mediated protection against LIRI and the specific mechanism remains to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rurong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Laboratory of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Yang C, Gao J, Du J, Yang X, Jiang J. Altered Neuroendocrine Immune Responses, a Two-Sword Weapon against Traumatic Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1409-1419. [PMID: 29209145 PMCID: PMC5715524 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the occurrence and development of injury (trauma, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and hypoxia), the neuroendocrine and immune system act as a prominent navigation leader and possess an inter-system crosstalk between the reciprocal information dissemination. The fundamental reason that neuroendocrinology and immunology could mix each other and permeate toward the field of traumatology is owing to their same biological languages or chemical information molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines and their corresponding receptors) shared by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The immune system is not only modulated by the neuroendocrine system, but also can modulate the biological functions of the neuroendocrine system. The interactive linkage of these three systems precipitates the complicated space-time patterns for the courses of traumatic inflammation. Recently, compelling evidence indicates that the network linkage pattern that initiating agents of neuroendocrine responses, regulatory elements of immune cells and effecter targets for immune regulatory molecules arouse the resistance mechanism disorders, which supplies the beneficial enlightenment for the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic complications from the view of translational medicine. Here we review the alternative protective and detrimental roles as well as possible mechanisms of the neuroendocrine immune responses in traumatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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19
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Shields PG, Berman M, Brasky TM, Freudenheim JL, Mathe E, McElroy JP, Song MA, Wewers MD. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1175-1191. [PMID: 28642230 PMCID: PMC5614602 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing rapidly, but their effects on lung toxicity are largely unknown. Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and respiratory disease, in part through inflammation. It is plausible that e-cig use might affect similar inflammatory pathways. E-cigs are used by some smokers as an aid for quitting or smoking reduction, and by never smokers (e.g., adolescents and young adults). The relative effects for impacting disease risk may differ for these groups. Cell culture and experimental animal data indicate that e-cigs have the potential for inducing inflammation, albeit much less than smoking. Human studies show that e-cig use in smokers is associated with substantial reductions in blood or urinary biomarkers of tobacco toxicants when completely switching and somewhat for dual use. However, the extent to which these biomarkers are surrogates for potential lung toxicity remains unclear. The FDA now has regulatory authority over e-cigs and can regulate product and e-liquid design features, such as nicotine content and delivery, voltage, e-liquid formulations, and flavors. All of these factors may impact pulmonary toxicity. This review summarizes current data on pulmonary inflammation related to both smoking and e-cig use, with a focus on human lung biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1175-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Micah Berman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Public Health, Ohio
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ewy Mathe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, and College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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20
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Zhao C, Yang X, Su EM, Huang Y, Li L, Matthay MA, Su X. Signals of vagal circuits engaging with AKT1 in α7 nAChR +CD11b + cells lessen E. coli and LPS-induced acute inflammatory injury. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17009. [PMID: 28529765 PMCID: PMC5419718 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal circuits-α7 nAChR (α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, coded by Chrna7) signaling utilizes spleen as a hub to dampen systemic inflammatory responses. Vagal innervations also extend to the distal airways and alveoli. Vagotomy and deficiency of α7 nAChR deteriorate E. coli and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung inflammatory responses; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we hypothesized that vagal circuits would limit splenic release and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells (CD11b is coded by Itgam, a surface marker of monocytes and neutrophils) via phosphorylation of AKT1 and that this process would define the severity of lung injury. Using both E. coli and LPS-induced lung injury mouse models, we found that vagotomy augmented splenic egress and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells, and consequently worsened lung inflammatory responses. Rescue of vagotomy with an α7 nAChR agonist preserved α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells in the spleen, suppressed recruitment of these cells to the lung and attenuated lung inflammatory responses. Vagal signals via α7 nAChR promoted serine473 phosphorylation of AKT1 in α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells and stabilized these cells in the spleen. Deletion of Akt1 enhanced splenic egress and lung recruitment of α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells, which elicited neutrophil-infiltrated lung inflammation and injury. Vagotomy and double deletion of Chrna7 and Itgam reduced serine473 phosphorylation of AKT1 in the spleen and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) Ly6CintGr1hi neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes, and they facilitated the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the airspaces of E. coli-injured lungs. Double deletion of Chrna7 and Itgam increased lung recruitment of monocytes and/or neutrophils and deteriorated E. coli and LPS-induced lung injury. Thus, signals of vagal circuits engaging with AKT1 in α7 nAChR+CD11b+ cells attenuate E. coli and LPS-induced acute lung inflammatory responses. Targeting this signaling pathway could provide novel therapeutic strategies for treating acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Emily M Su
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the airway epithelial cells can lead to recurrent airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF). Dysfunction of CFTR in neutrophils could contribute to LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. Deficiency of CFTR could also facilitate platelet aggregation and neutrophil-platelet interaction and promote inflammation. AIM To study whether inhibition or mutation of CFTR in alveolar macrophages (AMs) or peritoneal macrophages (PMs) would promote their proinflammatory responses and whether dysfunction of CFTR would deteriorate acute E. coli-induced lung or peritoneal inflammation. DESIGN Laboratory study. METHODS ELISA was used to determine production of proinflammatory cytokines in the CFTR inhibited or mutated macrophages under LPS challenge. Lung or peritoneum lavage was used to analyze proinflammatory parameters and cell differentiation. Excess lung water and lung vascular permeability were measured for evaluating severity of acute lung inflammation. RESULTS Escherichia coli LPS simulation in AMs increased CFTR expression. Inhibition or mutation of CFTR in both AMs and PMs enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Mutation of CFTR in macrophages exaggerated production of cytokines through NF-kB and p38 MAPK. Inhibition of CFTR by MalH2 or CFTRinh-172 deteriorates E. coli-induced acute lung inflammation. Deficiency of CFTR promotes migration of monocytes and neutrophils in E. coli pneumonia and peritonitis mouse models. CONCLUSIONS CFTR expressed by alveolar or peritoneal macrophages regulates acute proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gao
- From the Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X Su
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0130, USA
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22
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Yuan H, Silberstein SD. Vagus Nerve and Vagus Nerve Stimulation, a Comprehensive Review: Part III. Headache 2015; 56:479-90. [PMID: 26364805 DOI: 10.1111/head.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is currently undergoing multiple trials to explore its potential for various clinical disorders. To date, VNS has been approved for the treatment of refractory epilepsy and depression. It exerts antiepileptic or antiepileptogenic effect possibly through neuromodulation of certain monoamine pathways. Beyond epilepsy, VNS is also under investigation for the treatment of inflammation, asthma, and pain. VNS influences the production of inflammatory cytokines to dampen the inflammatory response. It triggers the systemic release of catecholamines that alleviates the asthma attack. VNS induces antinociception by modulating multiple pain-associated structures in the brain and spinal cord affecting peripheral/central nociception, opioid response, inflammation process, autonomic activity, and pain-related behavior. Progression in VNS clinical efficacy over time suggests an underlying disease-modifying neuromodulation, which is an emerging field in neurology. With multiple potential clinical applications, further development of VNS is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Pinheiro NM, Miranda CJCP, Perini A, Câmara NOS, Costa SKP, Alonso-Vale MIC, Caperuto LC, Tibério IFLC, Prado MAM, Martins MA, Prado VF, Prado CM. Pulmonary inflammation is regulated by the levels of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120441. [PMID: 25816137 PMCID: PMC4376856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in physiological responses of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, ACh was described as an anti-inflammatory mediator involved in the suppression of exacerbated innate response and cytokine release in various organs. However, the specific contributions of endogenous release ACh for inflammatory responses in the lung are not well understood. To address this question we have used mice with reduced levels of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein required for ACh storage in secretory vesicles. VAChT deficiency induced airway inflammation with enhanced TNF-α and IL-4 content, but not IL-6, IL-13 and IL-10 quantified by ELISA. Mice with decreased levels of VAChT presented increased collagen and elastic fibers deposition in airway walls which was consistent with an increase in inflammatory cells positive to MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung. In vivo lung function evaluation showed airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mutant mice. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (p65-NF-kB) in lung of VAChT-deficient mice were higher than in wild-type mice, whereas a decreased expression of janus-kinase 2 (JAK2) was observed in the lung of mutant animals. Our findings show the first evidence that cholinergic deficiency impaired lung function and produce local inflammation. Our data supports the notion that cholinergic system modulates airway inflammation by modulation of JAK2 and NF-kB pathway. We proposed that intact cholinergic pathway is necessary to maintain the lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia M. Pinheiro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adenir Perini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia K. P. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana C. Caperuto
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio M. Prado
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Mílton A. Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia F. Prado
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Vagus nerve through α7 nAChR modulates lung infection and inflammation: models, cells, and signals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:283525. [PMID: 25136575 PMCID: PMC4127262 DOI: 10.1155/2014/283525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) bridges immune and nervous systems and plays pleiotropic roles in modulating inflammation in animal models by targeting different immune, proinflammatory, epithelial, endothelial, stem, and progenitor cells and signaling pathways. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating inflammatory disease. It is pathogenically heterogeneous and involves many cells and signaling pathways. Here, we emphasized the research regarding the modulatory effects of CAP on animal models, cell population, and signaling pathways that involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. By comparing the differential effects of CAP on systemic and pulmonary inflammation, we postulated that a pulmonary parasympathetic inflammatory reflex is formed to sense and respond to pathogens in the lung. Work targeting the formation and function of pulmonary parasympathetic inflammatory reflex would extend our understanding of how vagus nerve senses, recognizes, and fights with pathogens and inflammatory responses.
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