1
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Huang P, Liu Q, Zhang T, Yang J. Gut microbiota influence acute pancreatitis through inflammatory proteins: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380998. [PMID: 38881734 PMCID: PMC11176513 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota, acute pancreatitis, and potential inflammatory proteins. Methods The data for gut microbiota, acute pancreatitis, and inflammatory proteins are sourced from public databases. We conducted a bidirectional MR analysis to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis, and employed a two-step MR analysis to identify potential mediating inflammatory proteins. IVW is the primary analysis method, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted simultaneously. Results We identified five bacterial genera associated with the risk of acute pancreatitis, namely genus.Coprococcus3, genus.Eubacterium fissicatena group, genus.Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, genus.Fusicatenibacter, and genus.Ruminiclostridium6. Additionally, we have discovered three inflammatory proteins that are also associated with the occurrence of acute pancreatitis, namely interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (CCL13), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9). Following a two-step MR analysis, we ultimately identified IL-15RA as a potential intermediate factor, with a mediated effect of 0.018 (95% CI: 0.005 - 0.032). Conclusion Our results support the idea that genus.Coprococcus3 promotes the occurrence of acute pancreatitis through IL-15RA. Furthermore, there is a potential causal relationship between the gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and acute pancreatitis. These findings provide new insights for subsequent acute pancreatitis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Skariah N, James OJ, Swamy M. Signalling mechanisms driving homeostatic and inflammatory effects of interleukin-15 on tissue lymphocytes. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae002. [PMID: 38405398 PMCID: PMC10883678 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
There is an intriguing dichotomy in the function of cytokine interleukin-15-at low levels, it is required for the homeostasis of the immune system, yet when it is upregulated in response to pathogenic infections or in autoimmunity, IL-15 drives inflammation. IL-15 associates with the IL-15Rα within both myeloid and non-haematopoietic cells, where IL-15Rα trans-presents IL-15 in a membrane-bound form to neighboring cells. Alongside homeostatic maintenance of select lymphocyte populations such as NK cells and tissue-resident T cells, when upregulated, IL-15 also promotes inflammatory outcomes by driving effector function and cytotoxicity in NK cells and T cells. As chronic over-expression of IL-15 can lead to autoimmunity, IL-15 expression is tightly regulated. Thus, blocking dysregulated IL-15 and its downstream signalling pathways are avenues for immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways involved in IL-15 signalling and how these pathways contribute to both homeostatic and inflammatory functions in IL-15-dependent mature lymphoid populations, focusing on innate, and innate-like lymphocytes in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Skariah
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Olivia J James
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Mahima Swamy
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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3
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Wu WC, Shiu C, Tong TK, Leung SO, Hui CW. Suppression of NK Cell Activation by JAK3 Inhibition: Implication in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8924603. [PMID: 38106519 PMCID: PMC10723930 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8924603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell is an essential cytotoxic lymphocyte in our innate immunity. Activation of NK cells is of paramount importance in defending against pathogens, suppressing autoantibody production and regulating other immune cells. Common gamma chain (γc) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, are defined as essential regulators for NK cell homeostasis and development. However, it is inconclusive whether γc cytokine-driven NK cell activation plays a protective or pathogenic role in the development of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigate and correlate the differential effects of γc cytokines in NK cell expansion and activation. IL-2 and IL-15 are mainly responsible for NK cell activation, while IL-21 preferentially stimulates NK cell proliferation. Blockade of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway by either JAK inhibitors or antibodies targeting γc receptor subunits reverses the γc cytokine-induced NK cell activation, leading to suppression of its autoimmunity-like phenotype in vitro. These results underline the mechanisms of how γc cytokines trigger autoimmune phenotype in NK cells as a potential target to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Wu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Shiu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Keung Tong
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Shui On Leung
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
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4
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Wang T, Wei L, Meng S, Song W, Chen Y, Li H, Zhao Q, Jiang Z, Liu D, Ren H, Hong X. Coordinated Priming of NKG2D Pathway by IL-15 Enhanced Functional Properties of Cytotoxic CD4 +CD28 - T Cells Expanded in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Inflammation 2023; 46:1587-1601. [PMID: 37415045 PMCID: PMC10567942 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, and numerous aberrations of T cell responses have been reported and were implicated in its pathophysiology. Recently, CD4-positive T cells with cytotoxic potential were shown to be involved in autoimmune disease progression and tissue damage. However, the effector functions of this cell type and their potential molecular mechanisms in SLE patients remain to be elucidated. In this study, we find that cytotoxic CD4+CD28- T cells are expanded in SLE patients with flow cytometry analysis, and the percentage of CD4+CD28- T cells positively correlates with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI). Furthermore, our study suggests that interleukin-15 (IL-15) promotes the expansion, proliferation, and cytotoxic function of CD4+CD28- T cells in SLE patients through activation of the Janus kinase3-STAT5 pathway. Further study indicates that IL-15 not only mediates the upregulation of NKG2D, but also cooperates with the NKG2D pathway to regulate the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Together, our study demonstrated that proinflammatory and cytolytic CD4+CD28- T cells expand in SLE patients. The pathogenic potential of these CD4+CD28- T cells is driven by the coupling of the IL-15/IL-15R signaling pathway and the NKG2D/DAP10 signaling pathway, which may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention to prevent SLE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Laiyou Wei
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wencong Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Huan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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5
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Jrad AIS, Trad M, Bzeih W, El Hasbani G, Uthman I. Role of pro-inflammatory interleukins in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 64:238-247. [PMID: 36541851 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2157270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This manuscript will summarize the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tackle newly discussed ones within the scope of OA pathogenesis as mentioned in the recent literature. This will allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind such a complicated disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant articles were obtained by searching key terms including "pro-inflammatory cytokines," "inflammation," "pathophysiology," "cartilage damage," and "OA" in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The year ranges set for the selection of the articles was between 2015 -2021. Inclusion criteria was based on the relevance and contribution to the field of the study. RESULTS Osteoarthritis (OA) has a complex multifactorial pathophysiology which is attributed to molecular and biomechanical changes that disrupt the normal balance of synthesis and degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, with their wide range of action and intricate signaling pathways, are the constant subject of new discoveries revolving around this inflammatory disease. The available literature indicates that some of these cytokines such as IL-33, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-22 have a direct relation to cartilage degradation, while others like IL-15, IL-1, IL-7, and IL-34 have an indirect one. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation has an essential role in the manifestation of osteoarthritis clinical events. Specifically, certain cytokines exhibit pro-inflammatory properties that are markedly activated during the course of the disease and notably alter the homeostasis of the joint environment. However, clinical trials and observational studies remain insufficient to navigate the varying nature of this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Trad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Wafaa Bzeih
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Georges El Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Imad Uthman
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Melamud MM, Ermakov EA, Boiko AS, Kamaeva DA, Sizikov AE, Ivanova SA, Baulina NM, Favorova OO, Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokine Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213829. [PMID: 36430309 PMCID: PMC9695219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cytokine profiles and cytokine networks are known to be a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, cytokine profiles research studies are usually based on the analysis of a small number of cytokines and give conflicting results. In this work, we analyzed cytokine profiles of 41 analytes in patients with SLE and MS compared with healthy donors using multiplex immunoassay. The SLE group included treated patients, while the MS patients were drug-free. Levels of 11 cytokines, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, MCP-1/CCL2, Fractalkine/CX3CL1, MIP-1a/CCL3, MIP-1b/CCL4, and TNFa, were increased, but sCD40L, PDGF-AA, and MDC/CCL22 levels were decreased in SLE patients. Thus, changes in the cytokine profile in SLE have been associated with the dysregulation of interleukins, TNF superfamily members, and chemokines. In the case of MS, levels of 10 cytokines, sCD40L, CCL2, CCL3, CCL22, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, EGF, IL-8, TGF-a, and VEGF, decreased significantly compared to the control group. Therefore, cytokine network dysregulation in MS is characterized by abnormal levels of growth factors and chemokines. Cross-disorder analysis of cytokine levels in MS and SLE showed significant differences between 22 cytokines. Protein interaction network analysis showed that all significantly altered cytokines in both SLE and MS are functionally interconnected. Thus, MS and SLE may be associated with impaired functional relationships in the cytokine network. A cytokine correlation networks analysis revealed changes in correlation clusters in SLE and MS. These data expand the understanding of abnormal regulatory interactions in cytokine profiles associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Melamud
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S. Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kamaeva
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey E. Sizikov
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Baulina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga O. Favorova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-27
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7
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Zhang T, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Wu X. Excessive IL-15 promotes cytotoxic CD4 + CD28- T cell-mediated renal injury in lupus nephritis. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:50. [PMID: 36320075 PMCID: PMC9624042 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are highly susceptible to infection and cardiovascular events, suggesting that chronic antigenic stimulation may accelerate premature aging in SLE patients. Premature aging in SLE is often accompanied with the expansion of cytotoxic CD4 + CD28-T cells. Damage caused by CD4 + CD28- T cells enhances the progressive aging of the tissue function and loss of organism's fitness. The high serum level of IL-15 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE, but its role in CD4 + CD28-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in nephritic SLE remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-15 on functional properties and associated renal damage of cytotoxic CD4 + CD28- T cell in lupus nephritis (LN). RESULTS Flow cytometry showed that the number of circulating innate-like CD4 + CD28- T cells was increased in patients with nephritic SLE. Immunofluorescence showed CD4 + CD28- T cell infiltration in the kidney of LN patients, which was correlated with multiple clinicopathological features including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, the proportion of glomerulosclerosis and the degree of renal chronicity. In addition, a high level of IL-15 and IL15-expressing macrophage infiltration was detected in the periglomerular and intraglomerular tissues of LN patients, which enhanced the innate features, cytokine secretion and migratory capability of CD4 + CD28- T cells, and finally exerted direct TCR-independent cytotoxicity on glomerular endothelial cells in an IL-15-dependent manner in vitro. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that excessive IL-15 potentially promoted cytotoxic CD4 + CD28- T cell-mediated renal damage in LN. This finding may provide new insights into the potential association of premature aging and tissue damage in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJinling Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJinling Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJinling Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Jadidi N, Alesaeidi S, Arab F, Pakzad B, Siasi E, Esmaeilzadeh E. miRNA-binding site polymorphism in IL-15RA gene in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with disease risk and clinical characteristics. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:3487-3494. [PMID: 35857215 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES MiRSNPs may interfere with mRNA stability through effects on microRNAs (miRNAs)-mRNA interactions via direct changes in miRNA binding site or effect on the secondary structure of this region and changes in accessibility of this region to miRNAs. Studies have confirmed that an elevated level of interleukin-15 receptor alpha (IL-15RA) has an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to evaluate the possible correlation between a miRSNP, rs2296135, in IL-15RA gene with the risk of SLE and RA. METHODS In this case-control study, 100 SLE patients, 100 RA patients, and 110 healthy participants were enrolled to assess rs2296135 genotypes with real-time PCR high-resolution melting method. RESULTS According to our findings, AA genotype and A allele of rs2296135 were considerably associated with enhanced risk of RA (for AA genotype, OR = 2.29; 95% CI [1.06-5.02]; for A allele, OR = 1.65; 95% CI [1.10-2.48]). However, this common variant was not significantly correlated with SLE risk in population under study. Stratification analysis in the RA group verified that patients with the A allele had considerably higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001). In SLE subjects, the frequency of arthritis (P: 0.021) and renal involvement (P: 0.025) in patients with A allele was significantly higher than in other SLE individuals. CONCLUSION The current study proposes a substantial association between rs2296135 polymorphism in IL-15RA gene with augmented risk of RA and some clinical characteristics in RA and SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar Jadidi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Arab
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Pakzad
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Siasi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emran Esmaeilzadeh
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran. .,Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Robinson GA, Wilkinson MGL, Wincup C. The Role of Immunometabolism in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:806560. [PMID: 35154082 PMCID: PMC8826250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which pathogenic abnormalities within both the innate and adaptive immune response have been described. In order to activated, proliferate and maintain this immunological response a drastic upregulation in energy metabolism is required. Recently, a greater understanding of these changes in cellular bioenergetics have provided new insight into the links between immune response and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, ranging from cancer to diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In this review, we highlight the latest understanding of the role of immunometabolism in SLE with particular focus on the role of abnormal mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, and mTOR signaling in the immunological phenomenon observed in the SLE. We also consider what implications this has for future therapeutic options in the management of the disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anthony Robinson
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meredyth G Ll Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Rheumatology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Wincup
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Zian Z, Bouhoudan A, Mourabit N, Azizi G, Bennani Mechita M. Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8847557. [PMID: 33776578 PMCID: PMC7979309 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8847557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. This clinical heterogeneity might be explained by dysregulation of tolerance to self and apoptotic mechanisms, overproduction of autoantibodies, and abnormal cytokine levels. Cytokine imbalance levels have been associated with disease activity and severity in SLE patients. In the last years, salivary cytokines related to SLE have gained significant attention and researchers have begun to focus on the identification of cytokines in the saliva of SLE patients using it as a diagnostic fluid for the inflammatory process underlying SLE. This review highlights and summarizes recent studies revealing the cytokines that have been identified in the saliva of individuals with SLE. Data reported and discussed in this report may provide useful additional information to better understand the mechanisms associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Assia Bouhoudan
- Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nadira Mourabit
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health of Tangier, Morocco
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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11
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Yang Y, Day J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Wicks IP, Louis C. Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1250. [PMID: 33552511 PMCID: PMC7850912 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a specialised population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help control local immune responses. Through natural cytotoxicity, production of cytokines and chemokines, and migratory capacity, NK cells play a vital immunoregulatory role in the initiation and chronicity of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our understanding of their functional differences and contributions in disease settings is evolving owing to new genetic and functional murine proof-of-concept studies. Here, we summarise current understanding of NK cells in several classic autoimmune disorders, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also less understood diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A better understanding of how NK cells contribute to these autoimmune disorders may pave the way for NK cell-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China.,Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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12
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Carranza-Leon DA, Oeser A, Wu Q, Stein CM, Ormseth MJ, Chung CP. Ambulatory blood pressure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with markers of immune activation. Lupus 2020; 29:1683-1690. [PMID: 32842866 PMCID: PMC7642148 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320951274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures 24-hour blood pressure, night-time blood pressure, and impaired dipping of nocturnal blood pressure, parameters that better predict cardiovascular risk than standard office blood pressure measurements. Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by immune system hyperactivity, elevated cardiovascular risk and high prevalence of hypertension; however, little is known about ambulatory blood pressure in lupus patients and its relationship to immune activation. Methods: We studied 26 patients with lupus and 26 control subjects. We obtained ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure measurements and report plasma concentrations of 77 markers of immune activation using a multiplex immunoassay and assessed their association with blood pressure measurements. Results: Despite similar office blood pressure measurements in patients with lupus and controls, lupus patients had higher 24-hour systolic [median (interquartile range) 129 (113 - 140) vs. 116 (111 - 121) mmHg, p = 0.03] and diastolic blood pressure [80 (69 - 86) vs. 72 (64 - 75) mmHg, p = 0.006] as well as less nocturnal dipping [7.8% (5.1 - 14.2%) vs. 12.0% (8.1 20.0%)] p = 0.03], compared to controls. In patients with lupus, markers of the innate (monocyte chemotactic protein-3) and adaptive immune systems [CUB domain-containing protein-1 and Interleukin-15 receptor subunit-α,] were associated with nocturnal blood pressure measurements and attenuated nocturnal dipping. In conclusion, 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher and nocturnal blood pressure dipping was attenuated in patients with lupus compared to control subjects. Conclusion: In patients with SLE, nocturnal blood pressure and attenuated nocturnal blood pressure dipping were significantly associated with several innate and adaptive immune system biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Carranza-Leon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (DAC, AO, CMS, MJO, and CPC) and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US. Department of Veterans Affairs (MJO and CPC)
| | - Annette Oeser
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (DAC, AO, CMS, MJO, and CPC) and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US. Department of Veterans Affairs (MJO and CPC)
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (DAC, AO, CMS, MJO, and CPC) and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US. Department of Veterans Affairs (MJO and CPC)
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (DAC, AO, CMS, MJO, and CPC) and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US. Department of Veterans Affairs (MJO and CPC)
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13
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Zheng J, Lu T, Zhou C, Cai J, Zhang X, Liang J, Sui X, Chen X, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Yao J, Chen G, Yang Y. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing CD154 Expression on CD4+ T Cells via CCT2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903746. [PMID: 32999825 PMCID: PMC7509664 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As a cause of postoperative complications and early hepatic failure after liver transplantation, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) still has no effective treatment during clinical administration. Although the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for liver IRI has been previously shown, the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. It is accepted that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. Herein, it is reported that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) improve liver IRI in mice through their secreted EVs. It is also visualized that UC-MSC-EVs mainly concentrate in liver after 6 h of reperfusion. Furthermore, UC-MSC-EVs are found to significantly modulate the membranous expression of CD154 of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells, which is an initiation of inflammatory response in liver and can aggravate liver IRI. Mechanistically, protein mass spectrum analysis is performed and it is revealed that Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2 (CCT2) enriches in UC-MSC-EVs, which regulates the calcium channels to affect Ca2+ influx and suppress CD154 synthesis in CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of UC-MSC-EVs in attenuating liver IRI. This finding suggests that CCT2 from UC-MSC-EVs can modulate CD154 expression of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells during liver IRI through the Ca2+-calcineurin-NFAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical ICUThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Biological Treatment CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yao Sun
- Surgical ICUThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jiebin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Biological Treatment CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
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14
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Warner SC, Nair A, Marpadga R, Chubinskaya S, Doherty M, Valdes AM, Scanzello CR. IL-15 and IL15RA in Osteoarthritis: Association With Symptoms and Protease Production, but Not Structural Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1385. [PMID: 32793194 PMCID: PMC7390829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increased in joint fluids of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and has been associated with expression of proteases that can damage cartilage, and the development of neuropathic pain-like symptoms (NP) after nerve injury. The objective of this study was to further explore the role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of OA cartilage degeneration and test genetic variation in the IL-15 receptor α gene (IL15RA) for an association with OA with radiographic severity and symptoms. Methods: Cartilage samples from donors (n = 10) were analyzed for expression of the IL15 receptor α-chain using immunohistochemistry, and for responses to IL-15 in vitro using explant cultures. Data from two independent Nottinghamshire-based studies (n = 795 and n = 613) were used to test genetic variants in the IL15RA gene (rs2228059 and rs7097780) for an association with radiographic severity, symptomatic vs. asymptomatic OA and NP. Results: IL-15Rα was expressed in chondrocytes from cartilage obtained from normal and degenerative knees. IL-15 significantly increased the release of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 (MMP-1 and -3), but did not affect loss of proteoglycan from the articular matrix. Genetic variants in the IL15RA gene are associated with risk of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic OA (rs7097780 OR = 1.48 95% 1.10-1.98 p < 0.01) and with the risk of NP post-total joint replacement (rs2228059 OR = 0.76 95% 0.63-0.92 p < 0.01) but not with radiographic severity. Conclusions: In two different cohorts of patients, we show an association between genetic variation at the IL15 receptor and pain. Although ex vivo cartilage explants could respond to IL-15 with increased protease production, we found no effect of IL-15 on cartilage matrix loss and no association between IL15RA variants and radiographic severity. Together, these results suggest that IL-15 signaling may be a target for pain, but may not impact structural progression, in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Warner
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali Nair
- Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rahul Marpadga
- Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Division of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and National Institutes for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and National Institutes for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center & Section of Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Stanley S, Mok CC, Vanarsa K, Habazi D, Li J, Pedroza C, Saxena R, Mohan C. Identification of Low‐Abundance Urinary Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis Using Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassays. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:744-755. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramesh Saxena
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas
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16
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Cytotoxic Function and Cytokine Production of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosis Regulation with Interleukin-15. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4236562. [PMID: 31049024 PMCID: PMC6462338 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4236562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells and NKT-like cells are the first line immune defense against tumor and virus infection. Deficient NK and NKT-like cell effector function may contribute to increased susceptibility to infection in SLE patients. We sought to examine the perforin and granzyme B expression, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production and CD107a degranulation of NK and NKT-like cells from SLE patients and their regulation by IL-15. We established that (1) perforin expression on SLE NK cells was decreased but unrelated to disease activity; (2) the MFI of granzyme B was increased in NK cells from SLE patients with active disease, associated with increased percentages of granzyme B+ CD56bright NK cells; (3) NK cells from active SLE patients, both CD56dim and CD56bright NK subsets, produced higher IFN-γ compared to controls; (4) CD56dim, but not CD56bright NK cells from active SLE patients, produced lower TNF-α, compared to inactive SLE patients and controls; (5) CD107a degranulation of SLE NK cells was comparable to controls; (6) IL-15 enhanced perforin/granzyme B expression, IFN-γ/TNF-α production, and CD107a degranulation of NK cells from SLE patients; and (7) similar observations were found for CD56+CD3+ NKT-like cells. Taken together, we demonstrated the differential expression of the heightened granzyme B and decreased TNF-α in NK and NKT-like cells in SLE patients. Higher granzyme B expression of NK and NKT-like cells in active SLE patients, further enhanced by circulating IL-15, may contribute to the maintenance of inflammation in SLE.
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17
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Hudspeth K, Wang S, Wang J, Rahman S, Smith MA, Casey KA, Manna Z, Sanjuan M, Kolbeck R, Hasni S, Ettinger R, Siegel RM. Natural killer cell expression of Ki67 is associated with elevated serum IL-15, disease activity and nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:226-236. [PMID: 30693467 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathology involves multiple immune cell types, including B and T lymphocytes as well as myeloid cells. While it is clear that autoantibody-producing B cells, as well as CD4+ T cell help, are key contributors to disease, little is known regarding the role of innate lymphoid cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. We have characterized the phenotype of NK cells by multi-color flow cytometry in a large cohort of SLE patients. While the overall percentage of NK cells was similar or slightly decreased compared to healthy controls, a subset of patients displayed a high frequency of NK cells expressing the proliferation marker, Ki67, which was not found in healthy donors. Although expression of Ki67 on NK cells correlated with Ki67 on other immune cell subsets, the frequency of Ki67 on NK cells was considerably higher. Increased frequencies of Ki67+ NK cells correlated strongly with clinical severity and active nephritis and was also related to low NK cell numbers, but not overall leukopenia. Proteomic and functional data indicate that the cytokine interleukin-15 promotes the induction of Ki67 on NK cells. These results suggest a role for NK cells in regulating the immune-mediated pathology of SLE as well as reveal a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hudspeth
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Wang
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - J Wang
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - M A Smith
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - K A Casey
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Z Manna
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Sanjuan
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - R Kolbeck
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - S Hasni
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - R Ettinger
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - R M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Torell F, Eketjäll S, Idborg H, Jakobsson PJ, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Trygg J. Cytokine Profiles in Autoantibody Defined Subgroups of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1208-1217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Torell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Corporate Research, Sartorius AG, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Islam SMS, Choi B, Choi J, Lee ES, Sohn S. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells in patients with Behçet's disease and the effects of overexpressing IL-15Rα+ on disease symptoms in mice. Cytokine 2018; 110:257-266. [PMID: 29396044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested higher serum levels of IL-15 and lower expression levels of IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) are correlated with pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). However, whether overexpressing IL-15Rα could be used as a therapeutic candidate for BD is currently unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether overexpressing IL-15Rα could affect BD symptoms in a mouse model. IL-15/IL-15Rα complex expressing vector or protein complex of IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc was used to treat BD mice. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and lymph node cells were determined using a flow cytometer. BD symptoms in mice improved after treatment with IL-15/15Rα expression vector or IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc protein complex. In addition, treatment with pIL-15/15Rα significantly (p = .016) decreased disease severity score of BD mice compared to treatment with control vector. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells were also significantly (p = .01) higher in peritoneal macrophages of pIL-15/15Rα treated BD mice than those of mice treated with control vector. Frequencies of IL-15Rα+ PBL were also significantly higher in BD mice treated with IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc protein complex than those in the control group. These results suggest up-regulating IL-15Rα+ cells could be used as novel therapeutic strategies to control BD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Bunsoon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Lin SJ, Kuo ML, Hsiao HS, Lee PT, Chen JY, Huang JL. Activating and inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis-regulation with interleukin-15. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186223. [PMID: 29023581 PMCID: PMC5638402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Interleukin(IL)-15, an NK-enhancing cytokine, is over-expressed in SLE patients. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL-15 on NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients, and the expression of various activating and inhibitory NK receptors on NK cells from SLE patients in relation to disease activity. We also sought to determine how IL-15 would affect the NK receptor expression on NK cells from SLE patients. PBMCs were collected from 88 SLE patients with inactive disease activity (SLEDAI score<6) and active disease activity (SLEDAI score≥6), 26 age-matched healthy adults were used as controls. PBMC were incubated in the presence or absence of IL-15 (10ng/ml) for eighteen hours. CD3-CD56+ lymphoctes were gated using flow cytometry and further divided into CD56dim and CD56bright subsets according to the MFI of CD56. We observed that 1. Serum IL-15 was elevated in SLE patients, and higher in active disease than in inactive disease; 2. NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients was deficient compared to controls and showed an impaired response to IL-15 compared to controls; 3.CD69, CD94, NKG2A, NKp30, and CD158b on NK cells from SLE patients were higher than controls, and could be further enhanced by IL-15; 4. NKp46 expression from SLE patients was higher than controls, but down-regulated by IL-15; 5.Deficient NKG2D and NKAT-2 expression were found on NK cells from SLE patients, which were enhanced by IL-15; 6. A unique NKp46- subset and CD158b+ subsets were observed in NK cells from SLE patients but not controls. 7. Unlike controls, CD158k on NK cells from SLE patients failed to respond to IL-15. Taken together, we demonstrated the aberrant NCR and iNKR expression on NK cells and their distinct response to IL-15 in SLE patients. As IL-15 predominantly aggravates the aberrant NKR expression found in SLE, IL-15 antagonist may have therapeutic benefits in SLE patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Male
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Syh-Jae Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Shan Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Petrackova A, Smrzova A, Gajdos P, Schubertova M, Schneiderova P, Kromer P, Snasel V, Skacelova M, Mrazek F, Zadrazil J, Horak P, Kriegova E. Serum protein pattern associated with organ damage and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by PEA immunoassay. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 29026368 PMCID: PMC5627398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remarkably heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Despite tremendous efforts, our knowledge of serum protein patterns in severe SLE phenotypes is still limited. We investigated the serum protein pattern of SLE, with special emphasis on irreversible organ damage and active lupus nephritis (LN) as assessed by renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. METHODS We used proximity extension immunoassay (PEA, Proseek Multiplex, Olink) to assess the serum levels of ninety-two inflammation-related proteins in Czech patients with SLE (n = 75) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 23). Subgroup analysis was carried out on the basis of organ damage (with/without, 42/33) and biopsy-proven LN (with/without, 27/48; active LN, n = 13; inactive LN, n = 14). RESULTS Of thirty deregulated proteins between SLE and the healthy controls (Pcorr < 0.05), the top upregulated proteins in SLE were sirtuin 2, interleukin 18 (IL18), and caspase 8 (Pcorr < 0.0006). Of these, sirtuin 2 and caspase 8 had not yet been reported with SLE. Elevated levels of IL8, CCL2/MCP1, CCL11, and MMP10 (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in patients with organ damage for which the serum levels of CCL11 and MMP10 were particularly informative in organ damage prediction. Comparing patients based on LN, elevated levels of CSF1, sIL15RA, sCD40, sCX3CL1, caspase 8, sIL18R1, bNGF, and GDNF (Pcorr < 0.05) were detected in active LN. Except GDNF, all LN-associated markers showed usefulness in prediction of active renal disease. CONCLUSIONS This highly sensitive PEA analysis identified the serum pattern of SLE, organ damage, and active LN, with many novel candidate proteins detected. Their exact role and suitability as biomarkers in SLE deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrackova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Smrzova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gajdos
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Schubertova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Schneiderova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kromer
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Snasel
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skacelova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horak
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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22
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Wu SF, Chang CB, Hsu JM, Lu MC, Lai NS, Li C, Tung CH. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits CD154 expression in CD4 + T lymphocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus through NFAT, but not STAT5, signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:183. [PMID: 28793932 PMCID: PMC5550984 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of membranous CD154 in T lymphocytes has been found previously in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used frequently in the treatment of lupus, we sought to identify the effects of HCQ on CD154 and a possibly regulatory mechanism. Methods CD4+ T cells were isolated from the blood of lupus patients. After stimulation with ionomycin or IL-15 and various concentrations of HCQ, expression of membranous CD154 and NFAT and STAT5 signaling were assessed. Results HCQ treatment had significant dose-dependent suppressive effects on membranous CD154 expression in ionomycin-activated T cells from lupus patients. Furthermore, HCQ inhibited intracellular sustained calcium storage release, and attenuated the nuclear translocation of NFATc2 and the expression of NFATc1. However, CD154 expressed through IL-15-mediated STAT5 signaling was not inhibited by HCQ treatment. Conclusions HCQ inhibited NFAT signaling in activated T cells and blocked the expression of membranous CD154, but not STAT5 signaling. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into SLE in HCQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung-Cheng University, No.168, University Rd, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung-Cheng University, No.168, University Rd, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Hsu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sheng Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung-Cheng University, No.168, University Rd, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsueh Tung
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung-Cheng University, No.168, University Rd, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62247, Taiwan. .,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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23
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Effect of Interleukin-15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L Expression on Natural Killer Cell and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9675861. [PMID: 27847409 PMCID: PMC5101392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9675861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules may play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We investigated the effect of interleukin- (IL-) 15 on CD11b, CD54, and CD62L expression on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and CD56+CD3+ NKT-like cells from SLE subjects and healthy controls. SLE patients had decreased circulating NK cells and NKT-like cells compared to controls. NK cells from SLE patients showed higher CD11b and CD62L expression compared to controls. IL-15 enhanced CD11b and CD54 but downregulated CD62L expression on NK cells from SLE patients. Similar observations were found for T cells and NKT-like cells. NK cells from SLE patients expressed higher CD56 than controls; both could be further enhanced by IL-15. IL-15 also enhanced CD56 expression of NKT-like cells from SLE patients. A greater degree of IL-15 induced downregulation of CD62L on NKT-like cells noted in SLE patients compared to controls. The percentage of CD11b expressing NK cells and the % inhibition of CD62L expression on NKT-like cells by IL-15 correlated with serum anti-dsDNA levels in SLE patients, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated the dysfunctional NK and NKT-like cells in SLE patients with regard to CD11b and CD62L expression and their response to IL-15.
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24
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Roberts AL, Fürnrohr BG, Vyse TJ, Rhodes B. The complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) agonist Leukadherin-1 suppresses human innate inflammatory signalling. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:361-71. [PMID: 27118513 PMCID: PMC4991522 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) is a multi‐functional receptor expressed predominantly on myeloid and natural killer (NK) cells. The R77H variant of CD11b, encoded by the ITGAM rs1143679 polymorphism, is associated robustly with development of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and impairs CR3 function, including its regulatory role on monocyte immune signalling. The role of CR3 in NK cell function is unknown. Leukadherin‐1 is a specific small‐molecule CR3 agonist that has shown therapeutic promise in animal models of vascular injury and inflammation. We show that Leukadherin‐1 pretreatment reduces secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β by monokine‐stimulated NK cells. It was associated with a reduction in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)‐5 following interleukin (IL)‐12 + IL‐15 stimulation (P < 0·02) and increased IL‐10 secretion following IL‐12 + IL‐18 stimulation (P < 0·001). Leukadherin‐1 pretreatment also reduces secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF by Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐7/8‐stimulated monocytes (P < 0·01 for all). The R77H variant did not affect NK cell response to Leukadherin‐1 using ex‐vivo cells from homozygous donors; nor did the variant influence CR3 expression by these cell types, in contrast to a recent report. These data extend our understanding of CR3 biology by demonstrating that activation potently modifies innate immune inflammatory signalling, including a previously undocumented role in NK cell function. We discuss the potential relevance of this to the pathogenesis of SLE. Leukadherin‐1 appears to mediate its anti‐inflammatory effect irrespective of the SLE‐risk genotype of CR3, providing further evidence to support its evaluation of Leukadherin‐1 as a potential therapeutic for autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Roberts
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B G Fürnrohr
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Biological Chemistry, Innrain 80/IV, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Rhodes
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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25
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Zhu H, Mi W, Luo H, Chen T, Liu S, Raman I, Zuo X, Li QZ. Whole-genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified aberrant gene regulation pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:162. [PMID: 27412348 PMCID: PMC4942934 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent achievement in genetics and epigenetics has led to the exploration of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Identification of differentially expressed genes and their regulatory mechanism(s) at whole-genome level will provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of SLE and its devastating complications, lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We performed whole-genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis in PBMC of 30 SLE patients, including 15 with LN (SLE LN+) and 15 without LN (SLE LN−), and 25 normal controls (NC) using HumanHT-12 Beadchips and Illumina Human Methy450 chips. The serum proinflammatory cytokines were quantified using Bio-plex Human Cytokine 27-plex assay. Differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated CpG were analyzed with GenomeStudio, R, and SAM software. The association between DNA methylation and gene expression were tested. Gene interaction pathways of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by IPA software. Results We identified 552 upregulated genes and 550 downregulated genes in PBMC of SLE. Integration of DNA methylation and gene expression profiling showed that 334 upregulated genes were hypomethylated, and 479 downregulated genes were hypermethylated. Pathway analysis on the differential genes in SLE revealed significant enrichment in interferon (IFN) signaling and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. Nine IFN- and seven TLR-related genes were identified and displayed step-wise increase in SLE LN− and SLE LN+. Hypomethylated CpG sites were detected on these genes. The gene expressions for MX1, GPR84, and E2F2 were increased in SLE LN+ as compared to SLE LN− patients. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL17A, IP-10, bFGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-15, GM-CSF, IL-1RA, IL-5, and IL-12p70, were significantly elevated in SLE compared with NC. The levels of IL-15 and IL1RA correlated with their mRNA expression. The upregulation of IL-15 may be regulated by hypomethylated CpG sites in the promotor region of the gene. Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that significant number of differential genes in SLE were involved in IFN, TLR signaling pathways, and inflammatory cytokines. The enrichment of differential genes has been associated with aberrant DNA methylation, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of SLE. Our observations have laid the groundwork for further diagnostic and mechanistic studies of SLE and LN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1050-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wentao Mi
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shengxi Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Indu Raman
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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26
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Zhao M, Wang J, Liao W, Li D, Li M, Wu H, Zhang Y, Gershwin ME, Lu Q. Increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CD4 + T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Pan WJ, Li H, Xiao JJ, Horner MJ, Lebrec HN, Butz EA, Kaliyaperumal A, Cheah TC, Ortiz RC, Prokop SP, Buntich SA, Boren BM, Wolford ST, Tsuji WH, Wienkers LC, Köck K. Modeling the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the monoclonal anti-macaque-IL-15 antibody Hu714MuXHu in cynomolgus monkeys. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 3:e00199. [PMID: 27022472 PMCID: PMC4777250 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu714MuXHu is a recombinant chimeric murine‐human monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with memory CD8+ and natural killer (NK) T‐cell activation and implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. A pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was developed to describe the NK cell count reduction in cynomolgus monkeys after treatment with Hu714MuXHu. Cynomolgus monkeys were dosed with Hu714MuXHu in three studies: as a single dose at 0.1 or 1 mg·kg−1 i.v.; weekly for 5 weeks at 0, 30, 60, or 150 mg·kg−1 i.v. or 150 mg·kg−1 s.c.; weekly for 13 weeks at 0, 5, 30, or 150 mg·kg−1 s.c. Serum Hu714MuXHu concentration‐time data were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis and the PK/NK cell count relationship was assessed via simultaneous PK/PD modeling. Hu714MuXHu PK was approximately dose‐proportional between 0.1–150 mg·kg−1 for i.v. and 5–150 mg·kg−1 for s.c. administration with an elimination half‐life of 12.7–18 days. Hu714MuXHu administration resulted in rapid and marked reductions in NK cell counts after the first dose which recovered fully after the serum Hu714MuXHu concentrations approached 0.1 μg·mL−1 (assay limit of quantification). PK/PD modeled Hu714MuXHu effects on NK cells had an EC50 of 0.09 μg·mL−1. In summary, weekly i.v. or s.c. doses with Hu714MuXHu for up to 3 months in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated linear PK and significant NK cell count reduction, which was described using PK/PD modeling. This approach may be used to guide investigative product dose selections for inflammatory diseases where NK cell count alterations are quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei J Pan
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | - Hong Li
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | - Jim J Xiao
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks Washington
| | - Michelle J Horner
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks California
| | - Herve N Lebrec
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | - Eric A Butz
- Inflammation Discovery Research Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | | | - Tsui C Cheah
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks Washington
| | - Robert C Ortiz
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks Washington
| | | | - Sabina A Buntich
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks California
| | - Babette M Boren
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | | | | | - Larry C Wienkers
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
| | - Kathleen Köck
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Amgen Inc. Seattle Washington
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28
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Therapeutic potential of IL-15 in rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:812-8. [PMID: 26429323 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, destructive inflammatory autoimmune disease. Cytokine-mediated immunity has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including RA. Recently, much attention has been paid on the role of IL-15, which is a member of the 4 α-helix bundle cytokine family. IL-15 was detected in serum and synovial fluid from RA patients and arthritis mice models. Moreover, administration of IL-15 leads to the development of severe inflammatory arthritis, suggesting that IL-15 may be therapeutically relevant in RA. Therefore, targeting IL-15 may be significantly important and valuable. In this article, we discuss the biological features and effects of IL-15 and summarize recent advances on the pathological roles of IL-15 in RA and treatment for RA.
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29
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Spada R, Rojas JM, Pérez-Yagüe S, Mulens V, Cannata-Ortiz P, Bragado R, Barber DF. NKG2D ligand overexpression in lupus nephritis correlates with increased NK cell activity and differentiation in kidneys but not in the periphery. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:583-98. [PMID: 25583577 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0714-326r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are a major component of the immune system, and alterations in their activity are correlated with various autoimmune diseases. In the present work, we observed an increased expression of the NKG2D ligand MICA in SLE patients' kidneys but not healthy subjects. We also show glomerulus-specific expression of the NKG2D ligands Rae-1 and Mult-1 in various murine SLE models, which correlated with a higher number of glomerular-infiltrating NK cells. As the role of NK cells in the immunopathogenesis of SLE is poorly understood, we explored NK cell differentiation and activity in tissues and organs in SLE-prone murine models by use of diseased and prediseased MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice. We report here that phenotypically iNK cells accumulate only in the spleen but not in BM or kidneys of diseased mice. Infiltrating NK cells in kidneys undergoing a lupus nephritic process showed a more mature, activated phenotype compared with kidney, as well as peripheral NK cells from prediseased mice, as determined by IFN-γ and STAT5 analysis. These findings and the presence of glomerulus-specific NKG2D ligands in lupus-prone mice identify a role for NK cells and NKG2D ligands in the lupus nephritic process, which could aid in understanding their role in human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Spada
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Rojas
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir Mulens
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata-Ortiz
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bragado
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- *Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology and Pathology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain
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30
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Increasing the biological activity of IL-2 and IL-15 through complexing with anti-IL-2 mAbs and IL-15Rα-Fc chimera. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:1-10. [PMID: 24512738 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-2 and IL-15 are structurally relative cytokines that share two receptor subunits, CD132 (γ(c) chain) and CD122 (β chain). However, the expression pattern and physiological role of IL-2 and IL-15 private receptor α chains CD25 and IL-15Rα, respectively, are strikingly different. CD25, together with CD122 and CD132, forms a trimeric high affinity IL-2 receptor that is expressed and functions on cells acquiring an IL-2 signal. Conversely, IL-15Rα is expressed and binds IL-15 with high affinity per se already in the endoplasmic reticulum of the IL-15 producing cells and it presents IL-15 to cells expressing CD122/CD132 dimeric receptor in trans. Thus, while IL-2 is secreted almost exclusively by activated T cells and acts as a free molecule, IL-15 is expressed mostly by myeloid cells and works as a cell surface-associated cytokine. Interestingly, the in vivo biological activity of IL-2 can be dramatically increased through complexing with certain anti-IL-2 mAbs; such IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAbs immunocomplexes selectively stimulate the proliferation of a distinct population of immune cells, depending on the clone of the anti-IL-2 mAb used. IL-2/S4B6 mAb immunocomplexes are highly stimulatory for CD122(high) populations (memory CD8(+) T and NK cells) and intermediately also for CD25(high) populations (Treg and activated T cells), while IL-2/JES6-1 mAb immunocomplexes enormously expand only CD25(high) cells. Although IL-2 immunocomplexes are much more potent than IL-2 in vivo, they show comparable to slightly lower activity in vitro. The in vivo biological activity of IL-15 can be dramatically increased through complexing with recombinant IL-15Rα-Fc chimera; however, IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes are significantly more potent than IL-15 both in vivo and in vitro. In this review we summarize and discuss the features and biological relevance of IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAbs and IL-15/IL-15Rα-Fc complexes, and try to foreshadow their potential in immunological research and immunotherapy.
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31
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Lowe RM, Genin A, Orgun N, Cron RQ. IL-15 prolongs CD154 expression on human CD4 T cells via STAT5 binding to the CD154 transcriptional promoter. Genes Immun 2014; 15:137-44. [PMID: 24500400 PMCID: PMC4133980 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced CD154 expression on CD4 T cells is prolonged in systemic lupus erythematosus, but the mechanism(s) for its dysregulation are unknown. The studies reported herein demonstrate that interleukin-15 (IL-15) is capable of prolonging CD154 expression on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated CD4 T cells. As IL-15 signals through signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), predicted STAT5 binding sites in the human CD154 transcriptional promoter were identified, and STAT5 binding to the proximal CD154 promoter in vitro and in vivo following primary CD4 T-cell activation was demonstrated. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type STAT5 in primary human CD4 T cells augmented CD154 transcription, whereas overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) STAT5 protein inhibited CD154 transcription. Mutation of the most proximal STAT5 binding site in the CD154 promoter resulted in diminished DNA binding and reduced CD154 transcriptional activity. Interestingly, STAT5-specific small interfering RNA inhibited CD154 surface expression at 48 but not 24 h after T-cell activation. Thus, these findings provide some of the first evidence to support a possible mechanistic link to explain how the overexpression of IL-15 observed in lupus patients may be involved in the prolonged expression of CD154 that has also been observed on lupus CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lowe
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA [2] Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Genin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N Orgun
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Q Cron
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA [2] Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Kyogoku C, Smiljanovic B, Grün JR, Biesen R, Schulte-Wrede U, Häupl T, Hiepe F, Alexander T, Radbruch A, Grützkau A. Cell-specific type I IFN signatures in autoimmunity and viral infection: what makes the difference? PLoS One 2013; 8:e83776. [PMID: 24391825 PMCID: PMC3877094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has revealed a crucial role for type I interferon (IFN) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is unclear how particular leucocyte subsets contribute to the overall type I IFN signature of PBMCs and whole blood samples.Furthermore, a detailed analysis describing the differences in the IFN signature in autoimmune diseases from that observed after viral infection has not been performed to date. Therefore, in this study, the transcriptional responses in peripheral T helper cells (CD4+) and monocyte subsets (CD16− inflammatory and CD16+ resident monocytes) isolated from patients with SLE, healthy donors (ND) immunised with the yellow fever vaccine YFV-17Dand untreated controls were compared by global gene expression profiling.It was striking that all of the transcripts that were regulated in response to viral exposure were also found to be differentially regulated in SLE, albeit with markedly lower fold-change values. In addition to this common IFN signature, a pathogenic IFN-associated gene signature was detected in the CD4+ T cells and monocytes from the lupus patients. IL-10, IL-9 and IL-15-mediated JAK/STAT signalling was shown to be involved in the pathological amplification of IFN responses observed in SLE. Type I IFN signatures identified were successfully applied for the monitoring of interferon responses in PBMCs of an independent cohort of SLE patients and virus-infected individuals. Moreover, these cell-type specific gene signatures allowed a correct classification of PBMCs independent from their heterogenic cellular composition. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that monocytes and CD4 cells are sensitive biosensors to monitor type I interferon response signatures in autoimmunity and viral infection and how these transriptional responses are modulated in a cell- and disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Kyogoku
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- University of Tsukuba Hospital, Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Biljana Smiljanovic
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim R. Grün
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Biesen
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Schulte-Wrede
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Feng D, Barnes BJ. Bioinformatics analysis of the factors controlling type I IFN gene expression in autoimmune disease and virus-induced immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:291. [PMID: 24065968 PMCID: PMC3776951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) display increased levels of type I interferon (IFN)-induced genes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are natural interferon producing cells and considered to be a primary source of IFN-α in these two diseases. Differential expression patterns of type I IFN-inducible transcripts can be found in different immune cell subsets and in patients with both active and inactive autoimmune disease. A type I IFN gene signature generally consists of three groups of IFN-induced genes – those regulated in response to virus-induced type I IFN, those regulated by the IFN-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, and those by the IFN-induced phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathway. These three groups of type I IFN-regulated genes control important cellular processes such as apoptosis, survival, adhesion, and chemotaxis, that when dysregulated, contribute to autoimmunity. With the recent generation of large datasets in the public domain from next-generation sequencing and DNA microarray experiments, one can perform detailed analyses of cell-type specific gene signatures as well as identify distinct transcription factors (TFs) that differentially regulate these gene signatures. We have performed bioinformatics analysis of data in the public domain and experimental data from our lab to gain insight into the regulation of type I IFN gene expression. We have found that the genetic landscape of the IFNA and IFNB genes are occupied by TFs, such as insulators CTCF and cohesin, that negatively regulate transcription, as well as interferon regulatory factor (IRF)5 and IRF7, that positively and distinctly regulate IFNA subtypes. A detailed understanding of the factors controlling type I IFN gene transcription will significantly aid in the identification and development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the IFN pathway in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences , Newark, NJ , USA ; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , Newark, NJ , USA
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The distinct expressions of interleukin-15 and interleukin-15 receptor α in Behçet’s disease. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2109-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Clark DN, Markham JL, Sloan CS, Poole BD. Cytokine inhibition as a strategy for treating systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23200699 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines regulate and control the immune system. In systemic lupus erythematosus, several of these cytokines are overexpressed and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Cytokine inhibition has been successfully used to treat other rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, and several cytokines are currently being investigated to determine whether inhibition would be therapeutic in lupus. The cytokines discussed in this review have all undergone clinical trials, and include TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18 and IL-23. Inhibition of the majority of these targets was safe and showed some efficacy in treating lupus. Cytokine inhibition strategies have just started to realize their potential for the treatment of this difficult disease, and show great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 857 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Caza TN, Talaber G, Perl A. Metabolic regulation of organelle homeostasis in lupus T cells. Clin Immunol 2012; 144:200-13. [PMID: 22836085 PMCID: PMC3423541 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal T-cell signaling and activation are characteristic features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus T cells are shifted toward an over-activated state, important signaling pathways are rewired, and signaling molecules are replaced. Disturbances in metabolic and organelle homeostasis, importantly within the mitochondrial, endosomal, and autophagosomal compartments, underlie the changes in signal transduction. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization, enhanced endosomal recycling, and dysregulated autophagy are hallmarks of pathologic organelle homeostasis in SLE. This review is focused on the metabolic checkpoints of endosomal traffic that control immunological synapse formation and mitophagy and may thus serve as targets for treatment in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N Caza
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, USA
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Apostolidis SA, Lieberman LA, Kis-Toth K, Crispín JC, Tsokos GC. The dysregulation of cytokine networks in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:769-79. [PMID: 21877904 PMCID: PMC3189553 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic immune activation and tissue damage. Organ damage in SLE results from the deposition of immune complexes and the infiltration of activated T cells into susceptible organs. Cytokines are intimately involved in every step of the SLE pathogenesis. Defective immune regulation and uncontrolled lymphocyte activation, as well as increased antigen presenting cell maturation are all influenced by cytokines. Moreover, expansion of local immune responses as well as tissue infiltration by pathogenic cells is instigated by cytokines. In this review, we describe the main cytokine abnormalities reported in SLE and discuss the mechanisms that drive their aberrant production as well as the pathogenic pathways that their presence promotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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38
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Gizinski AM, Fox DA. Emerging therapeutic targets. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abdulahad WH, Boots AMH, Kallenberg CGM. FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells in systemic autoimmune diseases: the delicate balance between true regulatory T cells and effector Th-17 cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:646-56. [PMID: 21030463 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of tolerance is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Over the past 10 years, there has been increased interest in the role of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (T(Regs)) in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Dysfunction of these cells is considered to play a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Besides their suppressive function, a fraction of these cells has the capacity to differentiate into IL-17-producing cells (Th-17), a phenomenon associated with autoimmune inflammation. The revealed plasticity of T(Regs), therefore, has obvious implications when designing therapeutic strategies for restoring tolerance in autoimmune diseases using T(Regs). In this review, we discuss development, classification, molecular characterization and mechanisms of suppression by T(Regs). In addition, we describe recent data on their potential conversion into Th-17 cells in human systemic autoimmune diseases. We also outline a new strategy for T(Reg)-based therapy via isolation, expansion and re-infusion of highly pure FoxP3(+) T(Regs) free of contaminating effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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The IL-2 defect in systemic lupus erythematosus disease has an expansive effect on host immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:740619. [PMID: 20625413 PMCID: PMC2896881 DOI: 10.1155/2010/740619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-2 production is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and affects T cell function and other aspects of host immunity. Transcription factors regulating IL-2 production behave aberrantly in SLE T cells. In addition to IL-2 dysregulation, other IL-2 family members (IL-15 and IL-21) are abnormally expressed in SLE. Decreased IL-2 production in SLE patients leads to many immune defects such as decreased Treg production, decreased activation-induced cell death (AICD), and decreased cytotoxicity. IL-2 deficiency results in systemic dysregulation of host immune responses in patients suffering from SLE disease.
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41
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Yang D, Wang H, Ni B, He Y, Li J, Tang Y, Fu X, Wang Q, Xu G, Li K, Yang Z, Wu Y. Mutual activation of CD4+ T cells and monocytes mediated by NKG2D-MIC interaction requires IFN-gamma production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1432-42. [PMID: 19200602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The activating receptor NKG2D is mainly expressed by human CD8(+) T cells and NK cells but normally absent on CD4(+) T cells. However, a subset of autoreactive NKG2D(+)CD4(+) T cells has been found to exist in some autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to participate in the imbalance of immune response and inflammation. Up to date this observation has been extended to some autoimmune diseases such as RA and Crohn's disease and the mechanism underlying the presence of this type of NKG2D(+)CD4(+) T cells has not been delineated yet. In this study, we found that a substantial proportion of CD4(+) T cells expressed NKG2D in the PBMC of SLE patients. We also found that monocytes in SLE aberrantly expressed the NKG2D ligand of MHC class I chain-related (MIC) molecules and membrane-bound IL-15 (mIL-15) at the cell surface. When cultured with the sera from SLE patients, the monocytes from healthy volunteers could be induced to express MIC and mIL-15. However, this induced expression of MIC and mIL-15 could be blocked with anti-IFN-gamma receptor (anti-IFN-gammaR) antibody. We further demonstrated that NKG2D could be induced on normal CD4(+) T cells either cocultured with monocytes from patients with SLE, or monocytes from healthy volunteers but pretreated with IFN-gamma. Moreover, Th1 cytokines were found to be produced by NKG2D(+)CD4(+) T cells in the coculture system. By transwell assay, we found that both NKG2D expression and Th1 cytokines production depended on the cell-cell contact. These results indicate that the elevated sera IFN-gamma may be responsible for MIC and mIL-15 induction on monocytes in SLE; mIL-15 on monocytes contribute to NKG2D receptor induction on a subset of CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, CD14(+) monocytes promote NKG2D(+)CD4(+) T cells activation through the NKG2D-MIC engagement in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- The Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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42
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Suh CH, Kim HA. Cytokines and their receptors as biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2008; 8:189-98. [PMID: 18366305 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is the most clinically diverse autoimmune disease. Owing to its heterogeneous presentation, clinical management of systemic lupus erythematosus remains as one of the greatest challenges. Therefore, there is a great need to assess disease activity accurately. Biomarkers can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention, and may also predict the risk of the disease, confirm diagnosis, monitor disease activity and provide prognostic information. Cytokines play an important and diverse role in the immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Measuring serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor, IL-6, IL-10, soluble TNF receptor and IFN-alpha/IFN-induced genes may be promising biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woncheon-dong, San5, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721 South Korea.
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Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Brass SD, Brass S, Gandhi R, Weiner HL. Membrane bound IL-15 is increased on CD14 monocytes in early stages of MS. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 195:135-9. [PMID: 18378324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
IL-15 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose three-dimensional structure is similar to that of IL-2. IL-2 and IL-15 have similar as well as distinct biological functions. An active form of IL-15 that is membrane bound has also been described. Furthermore, IL-15 is known to play a role in autoimmune diseases. We thus investigated the expression of membrane bound IL-15 on monocytes (CD14+ cells) and studied its effect on T cell activation in MS patients. We found that unstimulated CD14+ cells from relapsing remitting MS patients had increased membrane bound IL-15. Those with high surface levels of IL-15 on monocytes were in the early stages of the disease. In addition, we found that T cells of MS patients had enhanced responsiveness to IL-15 and there was increased expression of IL-15 receptor on CD4+ T cells. Thus, IL-15 may be an important cytokine that drives Th1 responses early in the course of the disease and could serve as a target for immunotherapy and as an early marker in the immunologic staging of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical, School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
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44
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Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Ghorbel I, Khanfir M, Houman H. Levels of IL-15 in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Behçet's Disease. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:655-60. [PMID: 17083622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a novel proinflammatory cytokine, involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune disease. The objective of our study was to measure serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-15 levels in patients with Behçet's disease (BD). CSF/serum IL-15 ratio was introduced to assess the origin of elevated IL-15 levels. We measured serum and CSF-IL-15 levels in 40 patients with BD (20 patients in active stage). Inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease patients acted as controls. Active BD patients have significantly higher serum IL-15 levels (median 10.4 pg/ml; range 5.3-17.4) compared with BD in remission (6.05 pg/ml; 4-10.4) and healthy controls (4.65 pg/ml; 3.9-6.2). Similar serum IL-15 levels were found in active neuro-BD and inflammatory neurological disease (9.5 pg/ml; 5-13). Elevated levels of IL-15 were observed in CSF samples from neuro-BD patients (11 pg/ml; 8.5-15) and inflammatory neurological disease patients (10 pg/ml; 6.5-14) compared with patients with non-inflammatory neurological disease (4 pg/ml; 4-5.5; P < 0.001). Vascular cerebral BD lesions were associated with high CSF/serum IL-15 ratio. Our findings suggest that IL-15 is involved in BD inflammatory process, particularly in vasculitis foci, as an elevated CSF/serum IL-15 ratio characterizes vascular cerebral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamzaoui
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research, Medicine University Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
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45
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Bulfone-Paus S, Bulanova E, Budagian V, Paus R. The interleukin-15/interleukin-15 receptor system as a model for juxtacrine and reverse signaling. Bioessays 2006; 28:362-77. [PMID: 16547946 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the 4 alpha-helix bundle family, which binds to a receptor complex that displays common elements with the IL-2 receptor and a unique high-affinity alpha chain. This review focuses on juxtacrine and reverse signaling levels in the IL-15/IL-15R system. Specifically, we discuss how agonistic stimulation of membrane-bound IL-15 induces phosphorylation of members of the MAP kinase family and of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thereby upregulating processes including cytokine secretion, cell adhesion and migration. In addition, we explore IL-15 trans-presentation and intracellular signaling, and define promising molecular targets for future pharmacological intervention in infectious diseases and immunological disorders. These frontiers in IL-15/IL-15Ralpha research serve as highly instructive examples for key concepts, unsolved problems and therapeutic opportunities in juxtacrine and reverse signaling in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany.
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