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Cabrera LE, Jokiranta ST, Mäki S, Miettinen S, Kant R, Kareinen L, Sironen T, Pietilä JP, Kantele A, Kekäläinen E, Lindgren H, Mattila P, Kipar A, Vapalahti O, Strandin T. The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012368. [PMID: 39172744 PMCID: PMC11340896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is linked to excessive inflammation. Neutrophils represent a critical arm of the innate immune response and are major mediators of inflammation, but their role in COVID-19 pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We conducted transcriptomic profiling of neutrophils obtained from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, in comparison to non-infected healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the inflammasome formation potential in neutrophils from patients and mice upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptomic analysis of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), consisting mainly of mature neutrophils, revealed a striking type I interferon (IFN-I) gene signature in severe COVID-19 patients, contrasting with mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. Notably, low-density granulocytes (LDGs) from severe COVID-19 patients exhibited an immature neutrophil phenotype and lacked this IFN-I signature. Moreover, PMNs from severe COVID-19 patients showed heightened nigericin-induced caspase1 activation, but reduced responsiveness to exogenous inflammasome priming. Furthermore, IFN-I emerged as a priming stimulus for neutrophil inflammasomes. These findings suggest a potential role for neutrophil inflammasomes in driving inflammation during severe COVID-19. Altogether, these findings open promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the pathological processes associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E. Cabrera
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Jokiranta
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Mäki
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Miettinen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Pietilä
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lindgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhao P, Wang J, Huang H, Chen Z, Wang H, Lin Q. Exosomes-based dual drug-loaded nanocarrier for targeted and multiple proliferative vitreoretinopathy therapy. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae081. [PMID: 39040514 PMCID: PMC11262591 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common cause of vision loss after retinal reattachment surgery and ocular trauma. The key pathogenic mechanisms of PVR development include the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) activated by the growth factors and cytokines after surgery. Although some drugs have been tried in PVR treatments as basic investigations, the limited efficacy remains an obstacle, which may be due to the single pharmacological action and lack of targeting. Herein, the anti-proliferative Daunorubicin and anti-inflammatory Dexamethasone were co-loaded in the RPEs-derived exosomes (Exos), obtaining an Exos-based dual drug-loaded nanocarrier (Exos@D-D), and used for multiple PVR therapy. Owing to the advantages of homologous Exos and the dual drug loading, Exos@D-D showed good RPEs targeting as well as improved uptake efficiency, and could inhibit the proliferation, migration, as well as EMT of RPEs effectively. The animal studies have also demonstrated that Exos@D-D effectively inhibits the production of proliferative membranes and prevents the further development of inflammation, shows significant therapeutic effects on PVR and good biocompatibility. Such Exos-based dual drug-loaded nanocarrier investigation not only provides a promising approach for multifunctional exosome drug delivery systems construction, but also has great potential in PVR clinical therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Quankui Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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3
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Kummola L, Salomaa T, Ortutay Z, Savan R, Young HA, Junttila IS. IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced genes in highly purified human neutrophils. Cytokine 2023; 164:156159. [PMID: 36809715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are related cytokines with well-known specific roles in type 2 immune response. However, their effects on neutrophils are not completely understood. For this, we studied human primary neutrophil responses to IL-4 and IL-13. Neutrophils are dose-dependently responsive to both IL-4 and IL-13 as indicated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation upon stimulation, with IL-4 being more potent inducer of STAT6. IL-4-, IL-13- and Interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils induced both overlapping and unique gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils. IL-4 and IL-13 specifically regulate several immune-related genes, including IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), while type1 immune response-related IFN-γ induced gene expression related for example, to intracellular infections. In analysis of neutrophil metabolic responses, oxygen independent glycolysis was specifically regulated by IL-4, but not by IL-13 or IFN-γ, suggesting specific role for type I IL-4 receptor in this process. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced gene expression in neutrophils while also addressing cytokine-mediated metabolic changes in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummola
- Biodiversity Interventions for Well-being, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard A Young
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 21702 Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ilkka S Junttila
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Northern Finland Laboratory Centre (NordLab), 90220 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland.
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A novel anti-TNF-α drug ozoralizumab rapidly distributes to inflamed joint tissues in a mouse model of collagen induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18102. [PMID: 36302840 PMCID: PMC9613905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical studies, the next-generation anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) single domain antibody ozoralizumab showed high clinical efficacy shortly after the subcutaneous injection. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab, we compared the biodistribution kinetics of ozoralizumab and adalimumab after subcutaneous injection in an animal model of arthritis. Alexa Fluor 680-labeled ozoralizumab and adalimumab were administered by subcutaneous injection once (2 mg/kg) at five weeks after induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in an animal arthritis model. The time-course of changes in the fluorescence intensities of the two compounds in the paws and serum were evaluated. The paws of the CIA mice were harvested at four and eight hours after the injection for fluorescence microscopy. Biofluorescence imaging revealed better distribution of ozoralizumab to the joint tissues than of adalimumab, as early as at four hours after the injection. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a greater fluorescence intensity of ozoralizumab in the joint tissues than that of adalimumab at eight hours after the injection. Ozoralizumab showed a significantly higher absorption rate constant as compared with adalimumab. These results indicate that ozoralizumab enters the systemic circulation more rapidly and is distributed to the target tissues earlier and at higher levels than conventional IgG antibodies. Our investigation provides new insight into the mechanism underlying the rapid onset of the effects of ozoralizumab in clinical practice.
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Sun VZ, Melim TL, Mitra S, Erickson JE, Bryant SH, Farnham A, Westmoreland S, Knight H, Zhang L, Ritacco W, Homan K, Benatuil L, Sterman AJS, Goodearl AD. Fibronectin extra domain A as a drug delivery targeting epitope for rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:17. [PMID: 35624488 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for fibronectin extra-domain A (FnEDA) to target diseased tissues of mouse collagen induced arthritis (mCIA) models. To explore the parameters of the targeting exhibited by anti-FnEDA mAbs including timing and location. METHODS Targeting capabilities of anti-FnEDA mAbs were demonstrated by biodistribution study where i.v. injected antibodies were detected by conjugated near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, 125I label and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the injected antibody. Location of FnEDA expression in both mCIA and human RA tissue were mapped by IHC. Quantification of anti-FnEDA mAbs targeted to disease tissue was measured by whole-body autoradiography (WBA). Timing of the targeting was interrogated with fluorescent and confocal microscopy using anti-FnEDA mAbs labeled with different fluorophores and injected at different times. RESULTS Anti-FnEDA mAbs show specific targeting to diseased paws of mCIA animal. The targeting was focused on inflamed synovium which is consistent with FnEDA expression profile in both mCIA and human RA tissues. Anti-FnEDA mAbs accumulated in diseased tissue at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, the targeting was sustained for up to 14 days and FnEDA was able to support targeting of multiple doses of anti-FnEDA mAbs given 5 days apart. CONCLUSION FnEDA is specifically upregulated in the inflamed tissues of mCIA. Antibodies specific for FnEDA can be useful as molecular delivery vehicles for disease specific targeting of payloads to inflamed joint tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Z Sun
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Terry L Melim
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Mitra
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jamie E Erickson
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shaughn H Bryant
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan Westmoreland
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Heather Knight
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Ritacco
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Goodearl
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
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6
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Impellizzieri D, Egholm C, Valaperti A, Distler O, Boyman O. Patients with systemic sclerosis show phenotypic and functional defects in neutrophils. Allergy 2022; 77:1274-1284. [PMID: 34467524 PMCID: PMC9293168 DOI: 10.1111/all.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vascular modification, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and several visceral organs. Innate and adaptive immune cells, including myeloid, B and T cells, are believed to be central to the pathogenesis of SSc. However, the role and functional state of neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) are ill-defined in SSc. METHODS We performed a prospective study of neutrophils freshly isolated from SSc patients and healthy donors (HD) by measuring in these neutrophils (i) functional cell surface markers, including CD16, CD62L, CD66b, CD66c, CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4; (ii) cytokine-activated intracellular signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, such as phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), pSTAT5, and pSTAT6; (iii) production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO); and (iv) phagocytosis of bacteria by the neutrophils. RESULTS Neutrophils of SSc patients expressed lower CD16 and CD62L and higher pSTAT3 and pSTAT6 compared to HD. Moreover, neutrophils of SSc patients lacked CXCR1 and CXCR2, the receptors responding to the potent neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Neutrophils of SSc patients were also deficient in MPO levels, NET formation, and phagocytosis of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils of patients with SSc display several functional defects affecting cell migration, NET formation, and phagocytosis of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alan Valaperti
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Engineered antibody fusion proteins for targeted disease therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:1064-1081. [PMID: 34706833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the FDA approval of the first therapeutic antibody 35 years ago, antibody-based products have gained prominence in the pharmaceutical market. Building on the early successes of monoclonal antibodies, more recent efforts have capitalized on the exquisite specificity and/or favorable pharmacokinetic properties of antibodies by developing fusion proteins that enable targeted delivery of therapeutic payloads which are otherwise ineffective when administered systemically. This review focuses on recent engineering and translational advances for therapeutics that genetically fuse antibodies to disease-relevant payloads, including cytokines, toxins, enzymes, neuroprotective agents, and soluble factor traps. With numerous antibody fusion proteins in the clinic and other innovative molecules poised to follow suit, these potent, multifunctional drug candidates promise to be a major player in the therapeutic development landscape for years to come.
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8
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Lai X, Wang S, Hu M, Sun Y, Chen M, Liu M, Li G, Deng Y. Dual targeting single arrow: Neutrophil-targeted sialic acid-modified nanoplatform for treating comorbid tumors and rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121022. [PMID: 34416328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is frequently accompanied by multi-system diseases. Among them, the incidence of comorbid tumors in RA is relatively high, resulting in a gradual increase in mortality; this poses a considerable challenge to clinical treatment. To date, no effective treatment plan for simultaneous tumor and RA therapy is available. Accordingly, we reported a sialic acid-modified doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome (DOX-SAL) that targets peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs), which play an important role in tumors and RA. Furthermore, the prepared liposome induced PBN apoptosis by binding to L-selectin, which is highly expressed on the surface of PBNs activated by inflammation. This liposome, in turn, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils at the disease site. In the first successfully established mouse model of RA comorbidity, induced by employing S180 sarcoma cells and collagen, DOX-SAL effectively inhibited tumor growth while simultaneously alleviating systemic RA symptoms without side effects. Additionally, the animals demonstrated adequate growth during the 48 days of treatment. This treatment strategy encompasses the best of both worlds, breaking the deadlock that tumors and RA cannot be effectively treated in parallel, highlighting a new concept and reference for the clinical treatment of comorbid tumors and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Miao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yihui Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Egholm C, Heeb LEM, Impellizzieri D, Boyman O. The Regulatory Effects of Interleukin-4 Receptor Signaling on Neutrophils in Type 2 Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2507. [PMID: 31708926 PMCID: PMC6821784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor (IL-4R) signaling plays a pivotal role in type 2 immune responses. Type 2 immunity ensures several host-protective processes such as defense against helminth parasites and wound repair, however, type 2 immune responses also drive the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) have not traditionally been considered a part of type 2 immunity. While neutrophils might be beneficial in initiating a type 2 immune response, their involvement and activation is rather unwanted at later stages. This is evidenced by examples of type 2 immune responses where increased neutrophil responses are able to enhance immunity, however, at the cost of increased tissue damage. Recent studies have linked the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling via type I and type II IL-4Rs on neutrophils to inhibition of several neutrophil effector functions. This mechanism directly curtails neutrophil chemotaxis toward potent intermediary chemoattractants, inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and antagonizes the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophils. These effects are observed in both mouse and human neutrophils. Thus, we propose for type 2 immune responses that neutrophils are, as in other immune responses, the first non-resident cells to arrive at a site of inflammation or infection, thereby guiding and attracting other innate and adaptive immune cells; however, as soon as the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 predominate, neutrophil recruitment, chemotaxis, and effector functions are rapidly shut off by IL-4/IL-13-mediated IL-4R signaling in neutrophils to prevent them from damaging healthy tissues. Insight into this neutrophil checkpoint pathway will help understand regulation of neutrophilic type 2 inflammation and guide the design of targeted therapeutic approaches for modulating neutrophils during inflammation and neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas E M Heeb
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Carvalho AL, Fonseca S, Miquel-Clopés A, Cross K, Kok KS, Wegmann U, Gil-Cordoso K, Bentley EG, Al Katy SH, Coombes JL, Kipar A, Stentz R, Stewart JP, Carding SR. Bioengineering commensal bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1632100. [PMID: 31275534 PMCID: PMC6598475 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1632100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria naturally produce and secrete nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the human gastrointestinal tract, OMVs produced by commensal Gram-negative bacteria can mediate interactions amongst host cells (including between epithelial cells and immune cells) and maintain microbial homeostasis. This OMV-mediated pathway for host-microbe interactions could be exploited to deliver biologically active proteins to the body. To test this we engineered the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a prominent member of the intestinal microbiota of all animals, to incorporate bacteria-, virus- and human-derived proteins into its OMVs. We then used the engineered Bt OMVs to deliver these proteins to the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI)-tract to protect against infection, tissue inflammation and injury. Our findings demonstrate the ability to express and package both Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium-derived vaccine antigens and influenza A virus (IAV)-derived vaccine antigens within or on the outer membrane of Bt OMVs. These antigens were in a form capable of eliciting antigen-specific immune and antibody responses in both mucosal tissues and systemically. Furthermore, immunisation with OMVs containing the core stalk region of the IAV H5 hemagglutinin from an H5N1 strain induced heterotypic protection in mice to a 10-fold lethal dose of an unrelated subtype (H1N1) of IAV. We also showed that OMVs could express the human therapeutic protein, keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), in a stable form that, when delivered orally, reduced disease severity and promoted intestinal epithelial repair and recovery in animals administered colitis-inducing dextran sodium sulfate. Collectively, our data demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of using Bt OMVs as a mucosal biologics and drug delivery platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Carvalho
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Ariadna Miquel-Clopés
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Kathryn Cross
- Core Science Resources, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Khoon-S. Kok
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Katherine Gil-Cordoso
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - Janine L. Coombes
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Instiute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Murer P, Neri D. Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins: A novel class of biopharmaceuticals for the therapy of cancer and of chronic inflammation. N Biotechnol 2019; 52:42-53. [PMID: 30991144 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins represent a novel class of biopharmaceuticals, with the potential to increase the therapeutic index of cytokine 'payloads' and to promote leukocyte infiltration at the site of disease. In this review, we present a survey of immunocytokines that have been used in preclinical models of cancer and in clinical trials. In particular, we highlight how antibody format, choice of target antigen and cytokine engineering, as well as combination strategies, may have a profound impact on therapeutic performance. Moreover, by using anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibody fusion strategies can conveniently be employed for the treatment of auto-immune and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Murer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Baños-Hernández CJ, Navarro-Zarza JE, Bucala R, Hernández-Bello J, Parra-Rojas I, Ramírez-Dueñas MG, García-Arellano S, Hernández-Palma LA, Machado-Sulbarán AC, Muñoz-Valle JF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor polymorphisms are a potential susceptibility marker in systemic sclerosis from southern Mexican population: association with MIF mRNA expression and cytokine profile. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1643-1654. [PMID: 30747392 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease, characterized by microvascular lesions, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. It is suggested that MIF participates in the amplification of the proinflammatory process in SSc; moreover, the promoter polymorphisms - 794 CATT5-8 (rs5844572) and - 173G>C (rs755622) in the MIF gene have been associated with an increase in MIF serum levels in several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the - 794 CATT5-8 and - 173G>C MIF polymorphisms with mRNA expression, MIF serum levels, and the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile in SSc. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out that included 50 patients with SSc and 100 control subjects (CS). Both polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR and PCR-RFLP. MIF levels were measured by ELISA kit. The cytokine profile and the MIF mRNA expression were quantified by BioPlex MagPix system and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS An association between the - 794 CATT7 and - 173*C MIF alleles and the 7C haplotype with SSc susceptibility was found (p < 0.05). Also, the 7C haplotype was associated with increased MIF mRNA expression (p = 0.03) in SSc. In addition, an increase of IL-1β and IL-6 serum levels in SSc patients was found as well as a positive correlation between MIF serum levels and Th1 and Th17 cytokine profiles. CONCLUSION The MIF 7C haplotype is a susceptibility marker for SSc in the southern Mexican population and is associated with MIF mRNA expression. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between MIF serum levels and Th1 and Th17 inflammatory response in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Johana Baños-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Navarro-Zarza
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatología, Hospital General de Chilpancingo "Dr. Raymundo Abarca Alarcón", Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine/Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Ramírez-Dueñas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbarán
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. .,Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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The Role of Macrophages in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenetic Cellular Effectors and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29533975 PMCID: PMC5877692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions, different types of macrophages can be found within the central nervous system (CNS), i.e., microglia, meningeal macrophages, and perivascular (blood-brain barrier) and choroid plexus (blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) macrophages. Microglia and tissue-resident macrophages, as well as blood-borne monocytes, have different origins, as the former derive from yolk sac erythromyeloid precursors and the latter from the fetal liver or bone marrow. Accordingly, specific phenotypic patterns characterize each population. These cells function to maintain homeostasis and are directly involved in the development and resolution of neuroinflammatory processes. Also, following inflammation, circulating monocytes can be recruited and enter the CNS, therefore contributing to brain pathology. These cell populations have now been identified as key players in CNS pathology, including autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and degenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the evidence on the involvement of CNS macrophages in neuroinflammation and the advantages, pitfalls, and translational opportunities of pharmacological interventions targeting these heterogeneous cellular populations for the treatment of brain diseases.
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