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Ren J, Ma K, Lu X, Peng H, Wang J, Nasser MI, Liu C. Occurrence and role of Tph cells in various renal diseases. Mol Med 2024; 30:174. [PMID: 39390361 PMCID: PMC11468416 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A new population of peripheral helper T (Tph) cells has been identified and contributed to various autoimmune diseases. Tph cells can secrete interleukin-21 (IL-21), interferon (IFN) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) to moderate renal disease. Moreover, Tph cells can congregate in huge numbers and immerse within inflamed tissue. Compared to Tfh cells, Tph cells express high programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) but often lack expression of the chemokine receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5). They display features distinct from other T cells, which are uniquely poised to promote responses and antibody production of B cells within pathologically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues and a key feature of Tph cells. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of Tph cells in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, kidney transplantation and various renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiangheng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Peng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- General Practice Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China.
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Yu Z, Zheng Y, Yang J, Xiao G, Luo X, Xu Y, Zheng Z. Characterization of systemic lupus erythematosus subtypes using cluster analysis: insights from lymphocyte subpopulations. Clin Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s10067-024-07152-7. [PMID: 39384721 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which lymphocyte subsets were dysregulated. Incorporating lymphocyte subpopulations in cluster analysis offers a pathway for personalized and precise treatment, targeting specific abnormalities for more effective management. METHODS We conducted Gaussian clustering analysis on clinical data, serological data, urine test results, and lymphocyte subpopulations for SLE patients hospitalized from September 2008 to December 2019. RESULTS A total of 1863 SLE patients from Xi'Jing Hospital were included. After excluding those without complete assessments, 1281 patients underwent flow cytometry for lymphocyte subsets. Five SLE clusters emerged: Cluster 1 with severe kidney involvement, high SLEDAI scores, and infection rates, often accompanied by rashes and edema; cluster 2 with high urinary protein but better renal function; cluster 3 with normal lymphocyte count and low positive antibodies; cluster 4 with frequent psychiatric symptoms and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); and cluster 5 with fever, arthritis, hematologic involvement, and high IgG levels despite decreased B cells. CONCLUSION All enrolled SLE patients were ultimately categorized into five distinct clinical phenotype groups, with lymphocyte testing being meaningful for patient stratification. This finding shed light on the intricate heterogeneity of SLE, emphasizing the need for a personalized medicine approach. Targeting specific abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets holds promise for more effective and precise management of SLE. Key Points • A comprehensive analysis of SLE patients, including lymphocyte subpopulations, revealed five distinct clusters with varying clinical characteristics, emphasizing the heterogeneity of the disease. • This heterogeneity underscores the need for a personalized medicine approach in SLE management, targeting specific lymphocyte subset abnormalities for more effective and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of General Practice, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangzhi Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuemeng Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'jing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Rodriguez E, Zwart ES, Affandi AA, Verhoeff J, de Kok M, Boyd LNC, Meijer LL, Le Large TYS, Olesek K, Giovannetti E, García-Vallejo JJ, Mebius RE, van Kooyk Y, Kazemier G. In-depth immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals discriminative immune subpopulations. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2170-2183. [PMID: 38686549 PMCID: PMC11247553 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. More knowledge of the immune response developed in patients with PDAC is pivotal to develop better combination immune therapies to improve clinical outcome. In this study, we used mass cytometry time-of-flight to undertake an in-depth characterization of PBMCs from patients with PDAC and examine the differences with healthy controls and patients with benign diseases of the biliary system or pancreas. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with PDAC or benign disease are characterized by the increase of pro-inflammatory cells, as CD86+ classical monocytes and memory T cells expressing CCR6+ and CXCR3+, associated with T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 immune responses, respectively. However, PBMCs from patients with PDAC present also an increase of CD39+ regulatory T cells and CCR4+CCR6-CXCR3- memory T cells, suggesting Th2 and regulatory responses. Concluding, our results show PDAC develops a multifaceted immunity, where a proinflammatory component is accompanied by regulatory responses, which could inhibit potential antitumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline S Zwart
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alsya A Affandi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike de Kok
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenka N C Boyd
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L Meijer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Y S Le Large
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Olesek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tsiogkas SG, Mavropoulos A, Dardiotis E, Zafiriou E, Bogdanos DP. Biologics targeting IL-17 sharply reduce circulating T follicular helper and T peripheral helper cell sub-populations in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325356. [PMID: 38835766 PMCID: PMC11148216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and circulating T peripheral helper (cTph) cells (which share common characteristics with the cTfh population) are implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated and autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis (Ps). Their close interplay with the interleukin 17 (IL-17) axis and the ex vivo effect of IL-17-targeting biologic agents used to treat Ps on them are elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biologics targeting IL-17 on cTfh and cTph cell subpopulations isolated from the blood of patients with Ps. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with Ps at treatment initiation and three months later. Samples were also collected from controls. Cells were stained using monoclonal antibodies. Flow cytometry assessed the fraction of cTfh (CD3+CD4+CXCR5+) and cTph (CD3+CD4+CXCR5-PD-1hi) cells.. Results Flow cytometric analysis showed increased fractions of activated cTfh subsets including ICOS+ and ICOS+PD-1+ expressing cells, in patients compared to controls. Biologic blocking of IL-17A diminished the cTfh population. Furthermore, ICOS+ and ICOS+PD-1+ sub-populations were also inhibited. Finally, the cTph cell fraction significantly decreased after three months of successful treatment with biologics. Conclusion Early anti-IL-17-mediated clinical remission in Ps is associated with decreased cTfh and cTph cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios G. Tsiogkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mavropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Luo Q, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Fu B, Li X, Huang Z, Li J. Circulating TIGIT ±PD1 +TPH, TIGIT ± PD1 +TFH cells are elevated and their predicting role in systemic lupus erythematosus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27687. [PMID: 38515720 PMCID: PMC10955264 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that increased peripheral helper T cells (TPH) and follicular helper T cells (TFH) was found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the expression patterns and immunomodulatory roles of TIGIT and PD1 on TPH/TFH in SLE are poorly understood. The expression patterns of TIGIT and PD1 on TPH and TFH cells were examined using flow cytometry and their expression patterns in SLE patients were then further evaluated for their correlation with auto-antibodies, disease activity and severity, B cell differentiation. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. And the receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression model were created to evaluate the predicting role in SLE. TIGIT±PD1+TPH, TIGIT±PD1+TFH cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients were upregulated, whereas TIGIT+PD1-TFH was downregulated. TIGIT ± PD1+TPH, TIGIT ± PD1+TFH cells positively correlated with auto-antibodies production, disease activity and severity, whereas TIGIT+PD1-TFH cells negatively correlated. TIGIT ± PD1+TPH, TIGIT-PD1+TFH were positively correlated with the frequency of plasmablasts. Furthermore, higher TIGIT+PD1+TPH and TIGIT+PD1+TFH were shown to be risk factors for SLE, whereas TIGIT+PD1-TFH was found to be a protective factor, according to logistic regression analysis. A further logistic regression model showed that combination of TPH/TFH and routine blood indicators may has potential predicting value for SLE, with AUC of 0.957. The increased TIGIT ± PD1+TPH, increased TIGIT ± PD1+TFH, decreased TIGIT+PD1-TFH correlates with disease severity and activity, may boost our comprehending of the role of TIGIT and PD1 on TPH/TFH in SLE, and a logistic regression model based on combination of TPH/TFH and routine blood indicators shows prominent value for predicting SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qiuyun Xiao
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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Gartshteyn Y, Geraldino-Pardilla L, Khalili L, Bukhari S, Lerrer S, Winchester RJ, Askanase AD, Mor A. SAP-expressing T peripheral helper cells identify systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327437. [PMID: 38550577 PMCID: PMC10972949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction T follicular (TFH) and peripheral helper (TPH) cells have been increasingly recognized as a pathogenic subset of CD4 T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The SLAM Associated Protein (SAP) regulates TFH and TPH function by binding to the co-stimulatory signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (SLAMF) receptors that mediate T cell - B cell interactions. SAP and SLAMF are critical for TPH-dependent B cell maturation into autoantibody-producing plasma cells that characterize SLE pathogenesis. We hypothesized that SAP-expressing TPH cells are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using density gradient separation from whole blood. Cells were stained for cell surface markers, followed by permeabilization and staining of intracellular SAP for spectral flow cytometry analysis. We also analyzed SAP expression from renal infiltrating LN T cells using the available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) Accelerated Medicines Partnership (AMP) SLE dataset. Results PBMC from 30 patients with SLE (34 ± 10 years old, 83% female), including 10 patients with LN, were analyzed. We found an increase in total SAP-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells in SLE compared with controls (55.5 ± 2.6 vs. 41.3 ± 3.4, p=0.007, and 52.5 ± 3.0 vs. 39.2 ± 2.8, p=0.007 respectively). In CD4 T cells, the highest SAP expression was in the TPH subset. The frequency of SAP+TPH in circulation correlated with disease activity; SLE patients with renal disease had higher levels of circulating SAP+TPH that remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, low complements, and elevated anti-dsDNA (p=0.014). scRNA-seq data of renal infiltrating T cells in LN identified SAP expression to localize to the TFH-like CD4 cluster and GZMK+ CD8 cluster. Increased SAP expression in LN was associated with the differential expression of SLAMF3 and SLAMF7 and granzyme K and EOMES. The existence of two predominant SAP-expressing subsets, the TFH-like CD4 T cells, and GZMK+ effector CD8 T cells, was verified using scRNA-seq data from a human transcriptomic atlas of fifteen major organs. Conclusion The expansion of SAP-expressing T helper cells was associated with LN in our cohort and verified using scRNA-seq data of renal infiltrating T cells. Improved SLAM and SAP signaling understanding can identify new therapeutic targets in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Geraldino-Pardilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leila Khalili
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shoiab Bukhari
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shalom Lerrer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert J. Winchester
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anca D. Askanase
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Zhu Y, Jiang Q, Lei C, Yu Q, Qiu L. The response of CD27 +CD38 + plasmablasts, CD24 hiCD38 hi transitional B cells, CXCR5 -ICOS +PD-1 + Tph, Tph2 and Tfh2 subtypes to allergens in children with allergic asthma. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38424520 PMCID: PMC10902953 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a type I allergic reaction mediated by serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE). B cell-mediated humoral immune response to allergens in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma have not been thoroughly elucidated. Peripheral helper T cells (Tph) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) promote B cell differentiation and antibody production in inflamed tissues. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of B cell subsets, Tph cell subsets and Tfh cell subsets in allergic immune responses. METHODS Circulating B cell subsets, Tph cell subsets and Tfh cell subsets in 33 children with allergic asthma and 17 healthy children were analyzed using multicolor flow cytometry. The level of serum total IgE was also assessed. RESULTS Our study found that CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts and CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells increased and were correlated with serum total IgE level, CD27- naive B cells and CD24hiCD27+ B cells decreased in children with allergic asthma. CXCR5- Tph, CXCR5-ICOS+ Tph, CXCR5-ICOS+PD-1+ Tph, CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh and CXCR5+ICOS+PD-1+ Tfh increased in children with allergic asthma. Further analysis showed increased Tph2, Tph17, Tfh2 and Tfh17 subtypes while decreased Tph1 and Tfh1 subtypes in children with allergic asthma. Most interestingly, Tph2 or Tfh2 subtypes had a positive correlation with serum total IgE level. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide insight into the allergens elicited B, Tph or Tfh cell response and identify heretofore unappreciated CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells, CD24hiCD27+ B cells, CXCR5- Tph, CXCR5-ICOS+PD-1+ Tph, Tph2 subtypes and Tfh2 subtypes response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital),Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Schoolcollege of Medical Technology of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Puji Hospital (Ningbo Second Hospital West Hospital), Ningbo, 315099, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenshuang Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325099, China
| | - Qinhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital),Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liannv Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital),Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Huang Y, Ba X, Han L, Wang H, Lin W, Chen Z, Tu S. T peripheral helper cells in autoimmune diseases: What do we know? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145573. [PMID: 37077922 PMCID: PMC10106688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between T cells and B cells are essential for antibody responses and the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, a distinct subset of T cells capable of helping B cells was established in synovial fluid, and they were termed peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. PD-1hiCXCR5−CD4+ Tph cells express high levels of CXCL13, which drives the formation of lymphoid aggregates and tertiary lymphoid structures, ultimately facilitating the local production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Tph and T follicular helper cells share some key features but can be distinguished by their surface markers, transcriptional regulation, and migration capability. We summarize recent findings on Tph cells in this review and provide a perspective on their potential roles in a range of autoimmune diseases. More clinical and in-depth mechanistic investigations of Tph cells may help to improve the understanding of pathogenesis and further provide novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
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9
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Qi J, Liu C, Bai Z, Li X, Yao G. T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178792. [PMID: 37187757 PMCID: PMC10175690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are heterogeneous and mainly characterized by expressing surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, and PD-1; cytokine IL-21; and transcription factor Bcl6. They are crucial for B-cell differentiation into long-lived plasma cells and high-affinity antibody production. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells were described to express markers of conventional T regulatory (Treg) cells and Tfh cells and were able to suppress Tfh-cell and B-cell responses. Evidence has revealed that the dysregulation of Tfh and Tfr cells is positively associated with the pathogenic processes of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we briefly introduce the phenotype, differentiation, and function of Tfh and Tfr cells, and review their potential roles in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we discuss perspectives to develop novel therapies targeting Tfh/Tfr balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Genhong Yao, ; Jingjing Qi,
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziran Bai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Genhong Yao, ; Jingjing Qi,
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Different antibody-associated autoimmune diseases have distinct patterns of T follicular cell dysregulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17638. [PMID: 36271118 PMCID: PMC9587230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are produced within germinal centers (GC), in a process regulated by interactions between B, T follicular helper (Tfh), and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells. The GC dysregulation in human autoimmunity has been inferred from circulating cells, albeit with conflicting results due to diverse experimental approaches. We applied a consistent approach to compare circulating Tfr and Tfh subsets in patients with different autoimmune diseases. We recruited 97 participants, including 72 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 18), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 16), or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 32), and 31 matched healthy donors (HD). We found that the frequency of circulating T follicular subsets differed across diseases. Patients with HT had an increased frequency of blood Tfh cells (p = 0.0215) and a reduced Tfr/Tfh ratio (p = 0.0338) when compared with HD. This was not observed in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RA, SLE), who had a reduction in both Tfh (p = 0.0494 and p = 0.0392, respectively) and Tfr (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001, respectively) cells, resulting in an unchanged Tfr/Tfh ratio. Activated PD-1+ICOS+Tfh and CD4+PD-1+CXCR5-Tph cells were raised only in patients with SLE (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.0054), without association with disease activity. Our data suggest that GC dysregulation, assessed by T follicular subsets, is not uniform in human autoimmunity. Specific patterns of dysregulation may become potential biomarkers for disease and patient stratification.
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11
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Yoshitomi H. Peripheral Helper T Cell Responses in Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946786. [PMID: 35880181 PMCID: PMC9307902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies established a PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T-cell subset that was coined peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. CXCL13 production is a key feature of Tph cells and may contribute to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in inflamed tissues. In addition, Tph cells provide help to B cells in situ as efficiently as follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and these features would implicate Tph cells in the pathogenesis of RA. Subsequent studies have revealed that Tph cells are involved in various human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Although the analysis of human immunity has various limitations, accumulating evidence demonstrated the expansion of B cells with low somatic hypermutation and a link between TLS and immune functions in these diseases. We discuss about the emerging roles of the Tph cell and its relevant immune responses in peripheral tissues including B-cell expansion with atypical features.
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12
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Chen W, Yang F, Lin J. Tph Cells Expanded in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900349. [PMID: 35755031 PMCID: PMC9218540 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives PD-1+CXCR5–CD4+T peripheral helper cells, named Tph cells, contribute to B-cell immune responses and the production of antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of Tph cells was unknown in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Here, we aim to explore the contribution of Tph cells in the development of pSS. Methods Sixty patients with pSS and 61 age and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The frequency of Tph cells in the blood was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), MHC-II, IL-21, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR9 was evaluated in Tph cells. The relationship between Tph cells and indicators of clinical disease was assessed. Co-expression levels of PD-1, CXCR5, CD4, CCR2, and CCR5 in the salivary gland specimens from patients with pSS and patients with dry mouth and eyes but normal pathology were also analyzed. Results We demonstrated increased circulating Tph cells (7.53 ± 6.65% vs. 3.08 ± 1.31%, p < 0.0001) in patients with pSS (n = 60) compared to healthy controls (n = 61). Tph cells were significantly associated with the ESSDAI disease activity scores, IgG, ESR, IL-21, anti-SSA antibody, and CD138+/CD19+ plasma cells. Furthermore, ICOS was highly expressed in Tfh and Tph cells in patients with pSS. IL-21, MHC-II, CCR2, and CCR5 expression was higher in pSS Tph cells, and CCR9 expression was lower in pSS Tph cells than in pSS Tfh cells. Moreover, Tph cells and CCR2+CD4+T and CCR5+CD4+T cells were found in the labial gland of patients with pSS. Conclusion Our data show that Tph cells were enriched in peripheral blood and labial gland of patients with pSS. Circulating Tph cells correlated with disease activity scores, suggesting a crucial role of Tph in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqian Chen,
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Jin Lin,
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13
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Marks KE, Rao DA. T peripheral helper cells in autoimmune diseases. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:191-202. [PMID: 35103314 PMCID: PMC9009135 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic T cell-B cell interactions underlie many autoimmune diseases. The T cells that help B cells in autoimmune diseases vary in phenotype and include T cells that lack typical features of T follicular helper cells, such as expression of CXCR5 and BCL6. A population of PD-1hi CXCR5- T peripheral helper (Tph) cells has now been recognized in multiple autoantibody-associated diseases. Tph cells display a distinctive set of features, merging the ability to provide B cell help with the capacity to migrate to inflamed peripheral tissues. Here, we review the scope of immune-related conditions in which Tph cells have been implicated and provide a perspective on their potential contributions to pathologic B cell activation in autoimmune diseases. We discuss Tph cells as a promising therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity and consider the utility of tracking Tph cells in blood as a biomarker to quantify aberrant T cell-B cell activation in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryne E Marks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Faustini F, Sippl N, Stålesen R, Chemin K, Dunn N, Fogdell-Hahn A, Gunnarsson I, Malmström V. Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Transient Effects on Autoimmunity Associated Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Implications for Immunogenicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826152. [PMID: 35464461 PMCID: PMC9027571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell abnormalities are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and include expansion of double negative (DN) and age-associated-like B cells (ABC-like). We aimed to investigate rituximab (RTX) effects on DN and ABC-like B-cell subsets and, when possible, also secondary effects on T cells. Fifteen SLE patients, fulfilling the ACR 1982 criteria, starting RTX and followed longitudinally up to two years, were analyzed for B- and T- lymphocyte subsets using multicolor flow cytometry. DN were defined as IgD-CD27- and ABC-like as CD11c+CD21- within the DN gate. Additional phenotyping was performed adding CXCR5 in the B-cell panel. Cellular changes were further analyzed in the context of the generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) against RTX and clinical information. The SLE patients were mainly females (86.6%), of median age 36.7 (29.8-49.4) years and disease duration of 6.1 (1.6-11.8) years. Within the DN subset, ABC-like (IgD-CD27-CD11c+CD21-) B cell frequency reduced from baseline median level of 20.4% to 11.3% (p=0.03), at early follow-up. The DN B cells were further subdivided based on CXCR5 expression. Significant shifts were observed at the early follow-up in the DN2 sub-cluster (CD11c+CXCR5-), which reduced significantly (-15.4 percentage points, p=0.02) and in the recently described DN3 (CD11c-CXCR5-) which increased (+13 percentage points, p=0.03). SLE patients treated with RTX are at high risk of developing ADA. In our cohort, the presence of ADA at 6 months was associated with lower frequencies of DN cells and to a more pronounced expansion of plasmablasts at early follow-up. The frequency of follicular helper T cells (TFH, CD4+PD-1+CXCR5+) and of peripheral helper T cells (TPH, CD4+PD-1+CXCR5-) did not change after RTX. A sub-cluster of PD-1highCD4+ T cells showed a significant decrease at later follow-up compared to early follow-up (p=0.0039). It is well appreciated that RTX transiently influences B cells. Here, we extend these observations to cell phenotypes which are believed to directly contribute to autoimmunity in SLE. We show early transient effects of RTX on ABC-like memory B cells, later effects on PD-1high CD4+ cells, and possible implications for RTX immunogenicity. Further insight in such effects and their monitoring may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Faustini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sippl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnhild Stålesen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karine Chemin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicky Dunn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Bai J, Chiba A, Murayama G, Kuga T, Tamura N, Miyake S. Sex, Age, and Ethnic Background Shape Adaptive Immune Responses Induced by the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:786586. [PMID: 35418996 PMCID: PMC8995562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.786586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine-induced adaptive responses have been well investigated. However, the effects of sex, age, and ethnic background on the immune responses elicited by the mRNA vaccine remain unclear. Here, we performed comprehensive analyses of adaptive immune responses elicited by the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses declined over time but persisted after 3 months, and switched memory B cells were even increased. Spike-specific CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell responses were decreased against the B.1.351 variant, but not against B.1.1.7. Interestingly, T cell reactivity against B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants was decreased in individuals carrying HLA-A24, suggesting adaptive immune responses against variants are influenced by different HLA haplotypes. T follicular helper cell responses declined with increasing age in both sexes, but age-related decreases in antibody levels were observed only in males, and this was associated with the decline of T peripheral helper cell responses. In contrast, vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses were enhanced in older males. Taken together, these findings highlight that significant differences in the reactogenicity of the adaptive immune system elicited by mRNA vaccine were related to factors including sex, age, and ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Kuga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Hoshino Y, Noto D, Sano S, Tomizawa Y, Yokoyama K, Hattori N, Miyake S. Dysregulated B cell differentiation towards antibody-secreting cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 34991631 PMCID: PMC8740356 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody (AQP4-Ab) is involved in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, the mechanism involved in AQP4-Ab production remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the immunophenotypes of patients with NMOSD and other neuroinflammatory diseases as well as healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of B cell subsets obtained from NMOSD patients and HCs was performed. The differentiation capacity of B cell subsets into antibody-secreting cells was analyzed. Results The frequencies of switched memory B (SMB) cells and plasmablasts were increased and that of naïve B cells was decreased in NMOSD patients compared with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients and HC. SMB cells from NMOSD patients had an enhanced potential to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells when cocultured with T peripheral helper cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the profiles of B cell lineage transcription factors in NMOSD were skewed towards antibody-secreting cells and that IL-2 signaling was upregulated, particularly in naïve B cells. Naïve B cells expressing CD25, a receptor of IL-2, were increased in NMOSD patients and had a higher potential to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, suggesting CD25+ naïve B cells are committed to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that B cells in NMOSD patients are abnormally skewed towards antibody-secreting cells at the transcriptome level during the early differentiation phase, and that IL-2 might participate in this pathogenic process. Our study indicates that CD25+ naïve B cells are a novel candidate precursor of antibody-secreting cells in autoimmune diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02375-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noto
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sano
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomizawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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17
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Hao H, Nakayamada S, Ohkubo N, Yamagata K, Zhang M, Shan Y, Iwata S, Zhang T, Tanaka Y. Involvement of lncRNA IL21-AS1 in interleukin-2 and T follicular regulatory cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:302. [PMID: 34895341 PMCID: PMC8665514 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs62324212, located in IL21 antisense RNA 1 (IL21-AS1), has been identified as a genetic risk variant associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to probe the characteristics of IL21-AS1 and explore its clinical relevance focusing on T helper subsets and disease activity in patients with SLE. METHODS rs62324212 genotyping was determined using allelic discrimination by quantitative PCR. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell surface markers in CD4+ T cells were analyzed using PCR and flow cytometry. The association among IL21-AS1, CD4+ T cell subsets, and SLE disease activity was accessed. RESULTS Ensembl Genome Browser analysis revealed that rs62324212 (C>A) was located in the predicting enhancer region of IL21-AS1. IL21-AS1 was expressed in the nucleus of CD4+ T and B cells, but its expression was decreased in patients with SLE. IL21-AS1 expression was positively correlated with mRNA levels of IL-2 but not IL-21, and it was associated with the proportion of activated T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells. Furthermore, we observed a significant negative correlation between IL21-AS1 expression and disease activity in patients with SLE (n = 53, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION IL21-AS1 has an effect on disease activity through an involvement of IL-2-mediated activation of Tfr cells in SLE. Thus, targeting the IL21-AS1 may provide therapeutic approaches for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Hao
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ohkubo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamagata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mingzeng Zhang
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Shan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tong Zhang
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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18
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Dupré A, Pascaud J, Rivière E, Paoletti A, Ly B, Mingueneau M, Mariette X, Nocturne G. Association between T follicular helper cells and T peripheral helper cells with B-cell biomarkers and disease activity in primary Sjögren syndrome. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001442. [PMID: 33688082 PMCID: PMC7944988 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dupré
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Elodie Rivière
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
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19
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Beurier P, Ricard L, Eshagh D, Malard F, Siblany L, Fain O, Mohty M, Gaugler B, Mekinian A. TFH cells in systemic sclerosis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:375. [PMID: 34461933 PMCID: PMC8407089 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis with progression to internal organs, vascular impairment and immune dysregulation evidenced by the infiltration of inflammatory cells in affected tissues and the production of auto antibodies. While the pathogenesis remains unclear, several data highlight that T and B cells deregulation is implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Over the last decade, aberrant responses of circulating T follicular helper cells, a subset of CD4 T cells which are able to localise predominantly in the B cell follicles through a high level of chemokine receptor CXCR5 expression are described in pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases and chronic graft-versus-host-disease. In the present review, we summarized the observed alteration of number and frequency of circulating T follicular helper cells in systemic sclerosis. We described their role in aberrant B cell activation and differentiation though interleukine-21 secretion. We also clarified T follicular helper-like cells involvement in fibrogenesis in both human and mouse model. Finally, because T follicular helper cells are involved in both fibrosis and autoimmune abnormalities in systemic sclerosis patients, we presented the different strategies could be used to target T follicular helper cells in systemic sclerosis, the therapeutic trials currently being carried out and the future perspectives from other auto-immune diseases and graft-versus-host-disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Beurier
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laure Ricard
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service D'Hématologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Eshagh
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service D'Hématologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lama Siblany
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Fain
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service D'Hématologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Service de Médecine Interne and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU 3iD), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang TX, Yuan M, Du C, Zeng P, Huang Z, Jia D, Yang G, Shi FD, Zhang C. Effects of Tocilizumab Therapy on Circulating B Cells and T Helper Cells in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703931. [PMID: 34394101 PMCID: PMC8360623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, showed its therapeutic efficacy on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). To assess the immunological effects of this drug on B cells, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, and peripheral T helper (Tph) cells in patients with NMOSD, peripheral B cell and Tfh cell phenotypes were evaluated in 26 patients with NMOSD before and after tocilizumab treatment by nine-color flow cytometry, as well as the expression of costimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules on B cells. Results showed that the frequency of CD27+IgD− switched memory B cells, CD27-IgD- double-negative B cells, and CD27highCD38high antibody-secreting cells was increased in patients with NMOSD. Tocilizumab treatment led to a significant shift of B cells to naïve B cells from memory B cells after 3 months. Three markers on B cells associated with T-cell activation (i.e., CD86 CD69, and HLA-DR) were downregulated after tocilizumab treatment. The frequencies of total Tfh and Tph cells were decreased, whereas that of follicular regulatory T cells tended to increase. Intrinsic increased PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression was characteristic of B cells in patients with NMOSD. Tocilizumab selectively restored PD-L1 on B-cell subsets. These results provided evidence that tocilizumab enhanced B- and T-cell homoeostasis by regulating B-cell differentiation and inhibiting lymphocyte activation in patients with NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenning Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Jing-Jin Center for Neuroinflammation, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Ding X, Ren Y, He X. IFN-I Mediates Lupus Nephritis From the Beginning to Renal Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676082. [PMID: 33959133 PMCID: PMC8093624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The abundant cell-free nucleic (DNA/RNA) in SLE patients, especially dsDNA, is a key substance in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. The deposition of DNA/RNA-immune complexes (DNA/RNA-ICs) in the glomerulus causes a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to resident renal cell disturbance and eventually renal fibrosis. Cell-free DNA/RNA is the most effective inducer of type I interferons (IFN-I). Resident renal cells (rather than infiltrating immune cells) are the main source of IFN-I in the kidney. IFN-I in turn damages resident renal cells. Not only are resident renal cells victims, but also participants in this immunity war. However, the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the pathological mechanism of IFN-I promoting renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the latest epidemiology of LN and its development process, discusses the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the role of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of LN, and may open a new perspective for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine Department, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Prolactin Increases the Frequency of Follicular T Helper Cells with Enhanced IL21 Secretion and OX40 Expression in Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6630715. [PMID: 33763492 PMCID: PMC7963914 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6630715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by high levels of IgG class autoantibodies that contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The formation of these autoantibodies occurs in the germinal centers, where there is cooperation between follicular T helper cells (TFH) and autoreactive B cells. Prolactin has been reported to exacerbate the clinical manifestations of lupus by increasing autoantibody concentrations. The objective of this study was to characterize the participation of prolactin in the differentiation and activation of TFH cells, by performing in vivo and in vitro tests with lupus-prone mice, using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. We found that TFH cells express the long isoform of the prolactin receptor and promoted STAT3 phosphorylation. Receptor expression was higher in MRL/lpr mice and correlative with the manifestations of the disease. Although prolactin does not intervene in the differentiation of TFH cells, it does favor their activation by increasing the percentage of TFH OX40+ and TFH IL21+ cells, as well as leading to high serum concentrations of IL21. These results support a mechanism in which prolactin participates in the emergence of lupus by inducing overactive TFH cells and perhaps promoting dysfunctional germinal centers.
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23
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Friedmann D, Unger S, Keller B, Rakhmanov M, Goldacker S, Zissel G, Frye BC, Schupp JC, Prasse A, Warnatz K. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reflects a T H1-CD21 low B-Cell Interaction in CVID-Related Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616832. [PMID: 33613543 PMCID: PMC7892466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About 20% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from interstitial lung disease (ILD) as part of a systemic immune dysregulation. Current understanding suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis based on histology and increased levels of BAFF and IgM associated with active disease corroborated by several reports which demonstrate the successful use of rituximab in CVID-ILD. It is debated whether histological confirmation by biopsy or even video-assisted thoracoscopy is required and currently not investigated whether less invasive methods like a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) might provide an informative diagnostic tool. Objective To gain insight into potential immune mechanisms underlying granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) and to define biomarkers for progressive ILD by characterizing the phenotype of B- and T-cell populations and cytokine profiles in BAL fluid (BALF) of CVID-ILD compared to sarcoidosis patients and healthy donors (HD). Methods Sixty-four CVID, six sarcoidosis, and 25 HD BALF samples were analyzed by flow cytometric profiling of B- and T-cells and for cytokines by ELISA and Multiplexing LASER Bead technology. Results Both sarcoidosis and CVID-ILD are characterized by a predominantly T-cell mediated lymphocytosis in the BALF. There is an increase in T follicular helper (TFH)-like memory and decrease of regulatory T cells in CVID-ILD BALF. This TFH-like cell subset is clearly skewed toward TH1 cells in CVID-ILD. In contrast to sarcoidosis, CVID-ILD BALF contains a higher percentage of B cells comprising mostly CD21low B cells, but less class-switched memory B cells. BALF analysis showed increased levels of APRIL, CXCL10, and IL-17. Conclusion Unlike in sarcoidosis, B cells are expanded in BALF of CVID-ILD patients. This is associated with an expansion of TFH- and TPH-like cells and an increase in APRIL potentially supporting B-cell survival and differentiation and proinflammatory cytokines reflecting not only the previously described TH1 profile seen in CVID patients with secondary immune dysregulation. Thus, the analysis of BALF might be of diagnostic value not only in the diagnosis of CVID-ILD, but also in the evaluation of the activity of the disease and in determining potential treatment targets confirming the prominent role of B-cell targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friedmann
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Unger
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirzokhid Rakhmanov
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics (AHC), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sigune Goldacker
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn C. Frye
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Divison of Immunodeficiency, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Ding X, Xiang W, He X. IFN-I Mediates Dysfunction of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Atherosclerosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581385. [PMID: 33262760 PMCID: PMC7686511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease including the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular complication of SLE and a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Vascular damage/protection mechanism in SLE patients is out of balance, caused by the cascade reaction among oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, activation of B cells and autoantibodies and abnormal T cells. As a precursor cell repairing vascular endothelium, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) belong to the protective mechanism and show the reduced number and impaired function in SLE. However, the pathological mechanism of EPCs dysfunction in SLE remains ill-defined. This paper reviews the latest SLE epidemiology and pathogenesis, discusses the changes in the number and function of EPCs in SLE, expounds the role of EPCs in SLE atherosclerosis, and provides new guidance and theoretical basis for exploring novel targets for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical diseases (Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Manion KP, Baglaenko Y, Chang NH, Talaei N, Wither JE. Impaired B cell anergy is not sufficient to breach tolerance to nuclear antigen in Vκ8/3H9 lupus-prone mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236664. [PMID: 32722684 PMCID: PMC7386585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease in which immune tolerance defects drive production of pathogenic anti-nuclear autoantibodies. Anergic B cells are considered a potential source of these autoantibodies due to their autoreactivity and overrepresentation in SLE patients. Studies of lupus-prone mice have shown that genetic defects mediating autoimmunity can breach B cell anergy, but how this breach occurs with regards to endogenous nuclear antigen remains unclear. We investigated whether B and T cell defects in congenic mice (c1) derived from the lupus-prone New Zealand Black strain can breach tolerance to nuclear self-antigen in the presence of knock-in genes (Vκ8/3H9; dKI) that generate a ssDNA-reactive, anergic B cell population. Methods Flow cytometry was used to assess splenic B and T cells from 8-month-old c1 dKI mice and serum autoantibodies were measured by ELISA. dKI B cells stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM were assessed for proliferation and activation by examining CFSE decay and CD86. Cytokine-producing T cells were identified by flow cytometry following culture of dKI splenocytes with PMA and ionomycin. dKI B cells from 6-8-week-old mice were adoptively transferred into 4-month-old wild type recipients and assessed after 7 days via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results c1 dKI mice exhibited B cell proliferation indicative of impaired anergy, but had attenuated autoantibodies and germinal centres compared to wild type littermates. This attenuation appeared to stem from a decrease in PD-1hi T helper cells in the dKI strains, as c1 dKI B cells were recruited to germinal centres when adoptively transferred into c1 wild type mice. Conclusion Anergic, DNA-specific autoreactive B cells only seem to drive profound autoimmunity in the presence of concomitant defects in the T cell subsets that support high-affinity plasma cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Manion
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nan-Hua Chang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Talaei
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan E. Wither
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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26
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Vandamme C, Kinnunen T. B cell helper T cells and type 1 diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12943. [PMID: 32697399 PMCID: PMC7583378 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease typically starting in childhood that culminates in the destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells in the pancreas. Although type 1 diabetes is considered to be a primarily T cell–mediated disease, B cells clearly participate in the autoimmune process, as autoantibodies recognizing pancreatic islet antigen commonly appear in circulation before the onset of the disease. T cells providing helper functions to B cells have recently been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of antibody‐associated immune disorders. These T cells include CXCR5‐positive follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, and a recently described closely related CXCR5‐negative subset coined peripheral T helper (Tph) cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on different B cell helper T cell subsets, focusing on their potential involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vandamme
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland
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27
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Tang Y, He H, Hu P, Xu X. T lymphocytes in IgA nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:186-194. [PMID: 32509008 PMCID: PMC7271719 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. IgAN is characterized by the accumulation of immune complexes in the circulation, which contain abnormal levels of IgA. IgAN primarily results from galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and Gd-IgA1 deposition in the renal mesangium, causing local proliferation and matrix expansion. Gd-IgA1 has been confirmed as one of the key effectors in the pathogenesis of IgAN, but the origin of Gd-IgA1 is not clear. Recent studies have shown that Gd-IgA1 deposition could be the result of mucosally primed plasma cells and is associated with T cell dysregulation. T cells contribute to the IgA response and play an important role in the development of IgAN. In the present review, the latest discoveries regarding the role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of IgAN have been summarized. Understanding these advances will allow novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Haidong He
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Pin Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
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28
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Lazarus MN. Systemic lupus erythematosus - a disease of two halves? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:1712-1714. [PMID: 31501900 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Lazarus
- Rheumatology Department, Southend University Hospital NHSFT, Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK
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