1
|
Glangetas C, Guillaumin A, Ladevèze E, Braine A, Gauthier M, Bonamy L, Doudnikoff E, Dhellemmes T, Landry M, Bézard E, Caille S, Taupignon A, Baufreton J, Georges F. A population of Insula neurons encodes for social preference only after acute social isolation in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7142. [PMID: 39164260 PMCID: PMC11336167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Insula functions as a multisensory relay involved in socio-emotional processing with projections to sensory, cognitive, emotional, and motivational regions. Notably, the interhemispheric projection from the Insula to the contralateral Insula is a robust yet underexplored connection. Using viral-based tracing neuroanatomy, ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiology, in vivo fiber photometry along with targeted circuit manipulation, we elucidated the nature and role of InsulaIns communication in social and anxiety processing in mice. In this study, we 1) characterized the anatomical and molecular profile of the InsulaIns neurons, 2) demonstrated that stimulation of this neuronal subpopulation induces excitation in the Insula interhemispheric circuit, 3) revealed that InsulaIns neurons are essential for social discrimination after 24 h of isolation in male mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight InsulaIns neurons as a distinct class of neurons within the insula and offer new insights into the neuronal mechanisms underlying social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manon Gauthier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Poitiers, Inserm, LNEC, Poitiers, France
| | - Léa Bonamy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Than A, Patterson G, Cummings KK, Jung J, Cakar ME, Abbas L, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Green SA. Sensory over-responsivity and atypical neural responses to socially relevant stimuli in autism. Autism Res 2024; 17:1328-1343. [PMID: 38949436 PMCID: PMC11272439 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although aversive responses to sensory stimuli are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it remains unknown whether the social relevance of aversive sensory inputs affects their processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural responses to mildly aversive nonsocial and social sensory stimuli as well as how sensory over-responsivity (SOR) severity relates to these responses. Participants included 21 ASD and 25 typically-developing (TD) youth, aged 8.6-18.0 years. Results showed that TD youth exhibited significant neural discrimination of socially relevant versus irrelevant aversive sensory stimuli, particularly in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), regions that are crucial for sensory and social processing. In contrast, ASD youth showed reduced neural discrimination of social versus nonsocial stimuli in the amygdala and OFC, as well as overall greater neural responses to nonsocial compared with social stimuli. Moreover, higher SOR in ASD was associated with heightened responses in sensory-motor regions to socially-relevant stimuli. These findings further our understanding of the relationship between sensory and social processing in ASD, suggesting limited attention to the social relevance compared with aversiveness level of sensory input in ASD versus TD youth, particularly in ASD youth with higher SOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Than
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - G Patterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - K K Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M E Cakar
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - L Abbas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S A Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ronconi L, Cantiani C, Riva V, Franchin L, Bettoni R, Gori S, Bulf H, Valenza E, Facoetti A. Infants' reorienting efficiency depends on parental autistic traits and predicts future socio-communicative behaviors. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:40-49. [PMID: 38696607 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Attentional reorienting is dysfunctional not only in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but also in infants who will develop ASD, thus constituting a potential causal factor of future social interaction and communication abilities. Following the research domain criteria framework, we hypothesized that the presence of subclinical autistic traits in parents should lead to atypical infants' attentional reorienting, which in turn should impact on their future socio-communication behavior in toddlerhood. During an attentional cueing task, we measured the saccadic latencies in a large sample (total enrolled n = 89; final sample n = 71) of 8-month-old infants from the general population as a proxy for their stimulus-driven attention. Infants were grouped in a high parental traits (HPT; n = 23) or in a low parental traits (LPT; n = 48) group, according to the degree of autistic traits self-reported by their parents. Infants (n = 33) were then longitudinally followed to test their socio-communicative behaviors at 21 months. Results show a sluggish reorienting system, which was a longitudinal predictor of future socio-communicative skills at 21 months. Our combined transgenerational and longitudinal findings suggest that the early functionality of the stimulus-driven attentional network-redirecting attention from one event to another-could be directly connected to future social and communication development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantiani
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20, 23842 Lecco, Italy
| | - Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20, 23842 Lecco, Italy
| | - Laura Franchin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 84, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Roberta Bettoni
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Gori
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazzale Sant'Agostino, 2, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Herman Bulf
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Eloisa Valenza
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Via Venezia 8, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Facoetti
- Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology, Via Venezia 8, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo X, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhai G, Zhang T, Zhou R, Lu H, Gao L. Resolving heterogeneity in dynamics of synchronization stability within the salience network in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110956. [PMID: 38296155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) are one of the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Traditional resting-state FC primarily focuses on linear correlations, ignoring the nonlinear properties involved in synchronization between networks or brain regions. METHODS In the present study, the cross-recurrence quantification analysis, a nonlinear method based on dynamical systems, was utilized to quantify the synchronization stability between brain regions within the salience network (SN) of ASD. Using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 207 children (ASD/typically-developing controls (TC): 105/102) in Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database, we analyzed the laminarity and trapping time differences of the synchronization stability between the ASD subtype derived by a K-means clustering analysis and the TC group, and examined the relationship between synchronization stability and the severity of clinical symptoms of the ASD subtypes. RESULTS Based on the synchronization stability within the SN of ASD, we identified two subtypes that showed opposite changes in synchronization stability relative to the TC group. In addition, the synchronization stability of ASD subtypes 1 and 2 can predict the social interaction and communication impairments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that ASD subgroups with different patterns of synchronization stability within the SN appear distinct clinical symptoms, and highlight the importance of exploring the potential neural mechanism of ASD from a nonlinear perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangjin Zhai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhou
- Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Huibin Lu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Le Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ortug A, Guo Y, Feldman HA, Ou Y, Warren JLA, Dieuveuil H, Baumer NT, Faja SK, Takahashi E. Autism-associated brain differences can be observed in utero using MRI. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae117. [PMID: 38602735 PMCID: PMC11008691 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental changes that occur before birth are thought to be associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders. Identifying anatomical predictors of early brain development may contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders and allow for earlier and more effective identification and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we used retrospective clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging data from fetuses who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders later in life (prospective autism spectrum disorders) in order to identify the earliest magnetic resonance imaging-based regional volumetric biomarkers. Our results showed that magnetic resonance imaging-based autism spectrum disorder biomarkers can be found as early as in the fetal period and suggested that the increased volume of the insular cortex may be the most promising magnetic resonance imaging-based fetal biomarker for the future emergence of autism spectrum disorders, along with some additional, potentially useful changes in regional volumes and hemispheric asymmetries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alpen Ortug
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yurui Guo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jose Luis Alatorre Warren
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Harrison Dieuveuil
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nicole T Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Susan K Faja
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Brookline, MA 02115, United States
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao J, Xu Y, Li Y, Lu F, Wang Z. Comprehensive exploration of multi-modal and multi-branch imaging markers for autism diagnosis and interpretation: insights from an advanced deep learning model. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad521. [PMID: 38220572 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse genetic and brain involvement. Despite magnetic resonance imaging advances, autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and understanding its neurogenetic factors remain challenging. We propose a dual-branch graph neural network that effectively extracts and fuses features from bimodalities, achieving 73.9% diagnostic accuracy. To explain the mechanism distinguishing autism spectrum disorder from healthy controls, we establish a perturbation model for brain imaging markers and perform a neuro-transcriptomic joint analysis using partial least squares regression and enrichment to identify potential genetic biomarkers. The perturbation model identifies brain imaging markers related to structural magnetic resonance imaging in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, while functional magnetic resonance imaging markers primarily reside in the frontal, temporal, occipital lobes, and cerebellum. The neuro-transcriptomic joint analysis highlights genes associated with biological processes, such as "presynapse," "behavior," and "modulation of chemical synaptic transmission" in autism spectrum disorder's brain development. Different magnetic resonance imaging modalities offer complementary information for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Our dual-branch graph neural network achieves high accuracy and identifies abnormal brain regions and the neuro-transcriptomic analysis uncovers important genetic biomarkers. Overall, our study presents an effective approach for assisting in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and identifying genetic biomarkers, showing potential for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanling Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhengning Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dionísio A, Espírito A, Pereira AC, Mouga S, d'Almeida OC, Oliveira G, Castelo-Branco M. Neurochemical differences in core regions of the autistic brain: a multivoxel 1H-MRS study in children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2374. [PMID: 38287121 PMCID: PMC10824733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which compromises various cognitive and behavioural domains. The understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular neurobiology of ASD is still an open critical research question. Here, we aimed to address ASD neurochemistry in the same time point at key regions that have been associated with its pathophysiology: the insula, hippocampus, putamen and thalamus. We conducted a multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study to non-invasively estimate the concentrations of total choline (GPC + PCh, tCho), total N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA + NAAG, tNAA) and Glx (Glu + Gln), presenting the results as ratios to total creatine while investigating replication for ratios to total choline as a secondary analysis. Twenty-two male children aged between 10 and 18 years diagnosed with ASD (none with intellectual disability, in spite of the expected lower IQ) and 22 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) controls were included. Aspartate ratios were significantly lower in the insula (tNAA/tCr: p = 0.010; tNAA/tCho: p = 0.012) and putamen (tNAA/tCr: p = 0.015) of ASD individuals in comparison with TD controls. The Glx ratios were significantly higher in the hippocampus of the ASD group (Glx/tCr: p = 0.027; Glx/tCho: p = 0.011). Differences in tNAA and Glx indices suggest that these metabolites might be neurochemical markers of region-specific atypical metabolism in ASD children, with a potential contribution for future advances in clinical monitoring and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dionísio
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Espírito
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Mouga
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Otília C d'Almeida
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Pediatrics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bussu G, Portugal AM, Wilsson L, Kleberg JL, Falck-Ytter T. Manipulation of phasic arousal by auditory cues is associated with subsequent changes in visual orienting to faces in infancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22072. [PMID: 38086954 PMCID: PMC10716513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This eye-tracking study investigated the effect of sound-induced arousal on social orienting under different auditory cue conditions in 5-month-old (n = 25; n = 13 males) and 10-month-old infants (n = 21; n = 14 males) participating in a spontaneous visual search task. Results showed: (1) larger pupil dilation discriminating between high and low volume (b = 0.02, p = 0.007), but not between social and non-social sounds (b = 0.004, p = 0.64); (2) faster visual orienting (b = - 0.09, p < 0.001) and better social orienting at older age (b = 0.94, p < 0.001); (3) a fast habituation effect on social orienting after high-volume sounds (χ2(2) = 7.39, p = 0.025); (4) a quadratic association between baseline pupil size and target selection (b = - 1.0, SE = 0.5, χ2(1) = 4.04, p = 0.045); (5) a positive linear association between pupil dilation and social orienting (b = 0.09, p = 0.039). Findings support adaptive gain theories of arousal, extending the link between phasic pupil dilation and task performance to spontaneous social orienting in infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bussu
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Von Kraemers Alle 1C, 754 32, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ana Maria Portugal
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Von Kraemers Alle 1C, 754 32, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lowe Wilsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundin Kleberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Von Kraemers Alle 1C, 754 32, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Wei Z, Xu C, Peng Z, Yang J, Wan G, Chen B, Gong J, Zhou K. Social visual preference mediates the effect of cortical thickness on symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1132284. [PMID: 37398604 PMCID: PMC10311909 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1132284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that there is a robust relationship between altered neuroanatomy and autistic symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social visual preference, which is regulated by specific brain regions, is also related to symptom severity. However, there were a few studies explored the potential relationships among brain structure, symptom severity, and social visual preference. Methods The current study investigated relationships among brain structure, social visual preference, and symptom severity in 43 children with ASD and 26 typically developing (TD) children (aged 2-6 years). Results Significant differences were found in social visual preference and cortical morphometry between the two groups. Decreased percentage of fixation time in digital social images (%DSI) was negatively related to not only the thickness of the left fusiform gyrus (FG) and right insula, but also the Calibrated Severity Scores for the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Social Affect (ADOS-SA-CSS). Mediation analysis showed that %DSI partially mediated the relationship between neuroanatomical alterations (specifically, thickness of the left FG and right insula) and symptom severity. Conclusion These findings offer initial evidence that atypical neuroanatomical alterations may not only result in direct effects on symptom severity but also lead to indirect effects on symptom severity through social visual preference. This finding enhances our understanding of the multiple neural mechanisms implicated in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jierong Chen
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyong Xu
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwen Peng
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Luohu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guobin Wan
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Department of Child Health Care, Luohu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keying Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rieger NS, Ng AJ, Lee S, Brady BH, Christianson JP. Maternal immune activation alters social affective behavior and sensitivity to corticotropin releasing factor in male but not female rats. Horm Behav 2023; 149:105313. [PMID: 36706685 PMCID: PMC9974777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal infection increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism in offspring. In rodents, prenatal administration of the viral mimic Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I: C) allows for investigation of developmental consequences of gestational sickness on offspring social behavior and neural circuit function. Because maternal immune activation (MIA) disrupts cortical development and sociability, we examined approach and avoidance in a rat social affective preference (SAP) task. Following maternal Poly I:C (0.5 mg/kg) injection on gestational day 12.5, male adult offspring (PN 60-64) exhibited atypical social interactions with stressed conspecifics whereas female SAP behavior was unaffected by maternal Poly I:C. Social responses to stressed conspecifics depend upon the insular cortex where corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) modulates synaptic transmission and SAP behavior. We characterized insular field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) in adult offspring of Poly I:C or control treated dams. Male MIA offspring showed decreased sensitivity to CRF (300 nM) while female MIA offspring showed greater sensitivity to CRF compared to sham offspring. These sex specific effects appear to be behaviorally relevant as CRF injected into the insula of male and female rats prior to social exploration testing had no effect in MIA male offspring but increased social interaction in female MIA offspring. We examined the cellular distribution of CRF receptor mRNA but found no effect of maternal Poly I:C in the insula. Together, these experiments reveal sex specific effects of prenatal infection on offspring responses to social affective stimuli and identify insular CRF signaling as a novel neurobiological substrate for autism risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Rieger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Alexandra J Ng
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Shanon Lee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Bridget H Brady
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neural effects of controllability as a key dimension of stress exposure. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:218-227. [PMID: 35034670 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cross-species evidence suggests that the ability to exert control over a stressor is a key dimension of stress exposure that may sensitize frontostriatal-amygdala circuitry to promote more adaptive responses to subsequent stressors. The present study examined neural correlates of stressor controllability in young adults. Participants (N = 56; Mage = 23.74, range = 18-30 years) completed either the controllable or uncontrollable stress condition of the first of two novel stressor controllability tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition. Participants in the uncontrollable stress condition were yoked to age- and sex-matched participants in the controllable stress condition. All participants were subsequently exposed to uncontrollable stress in the second task, which is the focus of fMRI analyses reported here. A whole-brain searchlight classification analysis revealed that patterns of activity in the right dorsal anterior insula (dAI) during subsequent exposure to uncontrollable stress could be used to classify participants' initial exposure to either controllable or uncontrollable stress with a peak of 73% accuracy. Previous experience of exerting control over a stressor may change the computations performed within the right dAI during subsequent stress exposure, shedding further light on the neural underpinnings of stressor controllability.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon N, Huh Y, Lee H, Kim JI, Lee J, Yang CM, Jang S, Ahn YD, Oh MR, Lee DS, Kang H, Kim BN. Alterations in Social Brain Network Topology at Rest in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1055-1068. [PMID: 36588440 PMCID: PMC9806512 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underconnectivity in the resting brain is not consistent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is known that the functional connectivity of the default mode network is mainly decreased in childhood ASD. This study investigated the brain network topology as the changes in the connection strength and network efficiency in childhood ASD, including the early developmental stages. METHODS In this study, 31 ASD children aged 2-11 years were compared with 31 age and sex-matched children showing typical development. We explored the functional connectivity based on graph filtration by assessing the single linkage distance and global and nodal efficiencies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between functional connectivity and clinical scores was also analyzed. RESULTS Underconnectivities within the posterior default mode network subregions and between the inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal/superior temporal regions were observed in the ASD group. These areas significantly correlated with the clinical phenotypes. The global, local, and nodal network efficiencies were lower in children with ASD than in those with typical development. In the preschool-age children (2-6 years) with ASD, the anterior-posterior connectivity of the default mode network and cerebellar connectivity were reduced. CONCLUSION The observed topological reorganization, underconnectivity, and disrupted efficiency in the default mode network subregions and social function-related regions could be significant biomarkers of childhood ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narae Yoon
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Huh
- Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyoung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lee
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Care Hub, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Jang
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebin D Ahn
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Rim Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Watanuki S. Neural mechanisms of brand love relationship dynamics: Is the development of brand love relationships the same as that of interpersonal romantic love relationships? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:984647. [PMID: 36440289 PMCID: PMC9686448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.984647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brand love is a relationship between brands and consumers. Managing the relationship is an important issue for marketing strategy since it changes according to temporal flow. Brand love theories, including their dynamics, have been developed based on interpersonal romantic love theories. Although many brand love studies have provided useful findings, the neural mechanism of brand love remains unclear. Especially, its dynamics have not been considered from a neuroscience perspective. The present study addressed the commonalities and differentiations of activated brain regions between brand love and interpersonal romantic love relationships using a quantitative neuroimaging meta-analytic approach, from the view of brain connectivity. Regarding the mental processes of each love relationship related to these activated brain regions, decoding analysis was conducted using the NeuroQuery platform to prevent reverse inference. The results revealed that different neural mechanisms and mental processes were distinctively involved in the dynamics of each love relationship, although the anterior insula overlapped across all stages and the reinforcement learning system was driven between both love relationships in the early stage. Remarkably, regarding the distinctive mental processes, although prosocial aspects were involved in the mental processes of interpersonal romantic love relationships across all stages, they were not involved in the mental processes of brand love relationships. Conclusively, although common brain regions and mental processes between both love relationships were observed, neural mechanisms and mental processes in brand love relationship dynamics might be innately different from those in the interpersonal romantic love relationship dynamics. As this finding indicates essential distinctiveness between both these relationships, theories concerning interpersonal romantic love should be applied cautiously when investigating brand love relationship dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanuki
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Commerce, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Identifying neuroanatomical and behavioral features for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in children using machine learning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269773. [PMID: 35797364 PMCID: PMC9262216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges. Diagnosis of ASD is complicated and there is an urgent need to identify ASD-associated biomarkers and features to help automate diagnostics and develop predictive ASD models. The present study adopts a novel evolutionary algorithm, the conjunctive clause evolutionary algorithm (CCEA), to select features most significant for distinguishing individuals with and without ASD, and is able to accommodate datasets having a small number of samples with a large number of feature measurements. The dataset is unique and comprises both behavioral and neuroimaging measurements from a total of 28 children from 7 to 14 years old. Potential biomarker candidates identified include brain volume, area, cortical thickness, and mean curvature in specific regions around the cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, and temporal-parietal junction, as well as behavioral features associated with theory of mind. A separate machine learning classifier (i.e., k-nearest neighbors algorithm) was used to validate the CCEA feature selection and for ASD prediction. Study findings demonstrate how machine learning tools might help move the needle on improving diagnostic and predictive models of ASD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Liu Y, Wei K. Pupil-Linked Arousal Response Reveals Aberrant Attention Regulation among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5427-5437. [PMID: 35641188 PMCID: PMC9270919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0223-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that is characterized by difficulties with social interaction and interpersonal communication. It has been argued that abnormal attentional function to exogenous stimuli precedes and contributes to the core ASD symptoms. Notably, the locus ceruleus (LC) and its noradrenergic projections throughout the brain modulate attentional function, but the extent to which this locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system influences attention in individuals with ASD, who frequently exhibit dysregulated alerting and attention orienting, is unknown. We examined dynamic attention control in girls and boys with ASD at rest using the pupil dilation response (PDR) as a noninvasive measure of LC-NE activity. When gender- and age-matched neurotypical participants were passively exposed to an auditory stream, their PDR decreased for recurrent stimuli but remained sensitive to surprising deviant stimuli. In contrast, children with ASD showed less habituation to recurrent stimuli as well as a diminished phasic response to deviants, particularly those containing social information. Their tonic habituation impairment predicts their phasic orienting impairment, and both impairments correlated with the severity of ASD symptom. Because of the fact that these pupil-linked responses are observed when individuals passively listen without any task engagement, our findings imply that the intricate and dynamic attention allocation mechanism, mediated by the subcortical LC-NE system, is impaired in ASD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Autistic individuals show attentional abnormalities to even simple sensory inputs, which emerge even before formal diagnosis. One possible mechanism behind these abnormalities is a malfunctioning pacemaker of their attention system, the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine pathway. Here we found, according to the pupillary response (a noradrenergic activity proxy), autistic children are hypersensitive to repeated sounds but hyposensitive to surprising deviant sounds when compared with age-matched controls. Importantly, hypersensitivity to repetitions predicts hyposensitivity to deviant sounds, and both abnormalities positively correlate to the severity of autistic symptoms. This provides strong evidence that autistic children have faulty noradrenergic regulation, which might underly the attentional atypicalities previously evidenced in various cortical responses in autistic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhao
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6AE, United Kingdom
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Kunlin Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
- Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Molnar-Szakacs I, Uddin LQ. Anterior insula as a gatekeeper of executive control. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104736. [PMID: 35700753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Executive control is a complex high-level cognitive function that relies on distributed brain circuitry. We propose that the anterior insular cortex plays an under-appreciated role in executive processes, acting as a gatekeeper to other brain regions and networks by virtue of primacy of action and effective connectivity. The flexible functional profile of the anterior insular subdivision renders it a key hub within the broader midcingulo-insular 'salience network', allowing it to orchestrate and drive activity of other major functional brain networks including the medial frontoparietal 'default mode network' and lateral frontoparietal 'central executive network'. The microanatomy and large-scale connectivity of the insular cortex positions it to play a critical role in triaging and integrating internal and external multisensory stimuli in the service of initiating higher-order control functions. Multiple lines of evidence scaffold the novel hypothesis that, as a key hub for integration and a lever of network switching, the anterior insula serves as a critical gatekeeper to executive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A study of brain networks for autism spectrum disorder classification using resting-state functional connectivity. MACHINE LEARNING WITH APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Ramos-Prats A, Paradiso E, Castaldi F, Sadeghi M, Mir MY, Hörtnagl H, Göbel G, Ferraguti F. VIP-expressing interneurons in the anterior insular cortex contribute to sensory processing to regulate adaptive behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110893. [PMID: 35649348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behavior critically depends on the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) has long been proposed as a key player in the representation and integration of sensory stimuli, and implicated in a wide variety of cognitive and emotional functions. However, to date, little is known about the contribution of aIC interneurons to sensory processing. By using a combination of whole-brain connectivity tracing, imaging of neural calcium dynamics, and optogenetic modulation in freely moving mice across different experimental paradigms, such as fear conditioning and social preference, we describe here a role for aIC vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing (VIP+) interneurons in mediating adaptive behaviors. Our findings enlighten the contribution of aIC VIP+ interneurons to sensory processing, showing that they are anatomically connected to a wide range of sensory-related brain areas and critically respond to behaviorally relevant stimuli independent of task and modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Enrica Paradiso
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Federico Castaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maryam Sadeghi
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohd Yaqub Mir
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Göbel
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Ferraguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pretzsch CM, Schäfer T, Lombardo MV, Warrier V, Mann C, Bletsch A, Chatham CH, Floris DL, Tillmann J, Yousaf A, Jones E, Charman T, Ambrosino S, Bourgeron T, Dumas G, Loth E, Oakley B, Buitelaar JK, Cliquet F, Leblond CS, Baron-Cohen S, Beckmann CF, Banaschewski T, Durston S, Freitag CM, Murphy DGM, Ecker C. Neurobiological Correlates of Change in Adaptive Behavior in Autism. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:336-349. [PMID: 35331004 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with significant difficulties in adaptive behavior and variation in clinical outcomes across the life span. Some individuals with ASD improve, whereas others may not change significantly, or regress. Hence, the development of "personalized medicine" approaches is essential. However, this requires an understanding of the biological processes underpinning differences in clinical outcome, at both the individual and subgroup levels, across the lifespan. METHODS The authors conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 483 individuals (204 with ASD and 279 neurotypical individuals, ages 6-30 years), with assessment time points separated by ∼12-24 months. Data collected included behavioral data (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II), neuroanatomical data (structural MRI), and genetic data (DNA). Individuals with ASD were grouped into clinically meaningful "increasers," "no-changers," and "decreasers" in adaptive behavior. First, the authors compared neuroanatomy between outcome groups. Next, they examined whether deviations from the neurotypical neuroanatomical profile were associated with outcome at the individual level. Finally, they explored the observed neuroanatomical differences' potential genetic underpinnings. RESULTS Outcome groups differed in neuroanatomical features (cortical volume and thickness, surface area), including in "social brain" regions previously implicated in ASD. Also, deviations of neuroanatomical features from the neurotypical profile predicted outcome at the individual level. Moreover, neuroanatomical differences were associated with genetic processes relevant to neuroanatomical phenotypes (e.g., synaptic development). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, that variation in clinical (adaptive) outcome is associated with both group- and individual-level variation in anatomy of brain regions enriched for genes relevant to ASD. This may facilitate the move toward better targeted/precision medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Pretzsch
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Caroline Mann
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Anke Bletsch
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Chris H Chatham
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Dorothea L Floris
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Julian Tillmann
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Emily Jones
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Sara Ambrosino
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Eva Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Bethany Oakley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Freddy Cliquet
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Sarah Durston
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | -
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Declan G M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Pretzsch, Loth, Oakley, Murphy, Ecker); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Schäfer, Mann, Bletsch, Yousaf, Freitag, Ecker); Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, University of Trento, and Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy (Lombardo, Warrier); Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Lombardo, Baron-Cohen); F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Chatham); Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich (Floris); Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Buitelaar, Beckmann); Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Tillmann, Charman); Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna (Tillmann); Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, University of London (Jones); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Ambrosino, Durston); Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris (Bourgeron, Dumas, Cliquet, Leblond); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Freitas C, Hunt BAE, Wong SM, Ristic L, Fragiadakis S, Chow S, Iaboni A, Brian J, Soorya L, Chen JL, Schachar R, Dunkley BT, Taylor MJ, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E. Atypical Functional Connectivity During Unfamiliar Music Listening in Children With Autism. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:829415. [PMID: 35516796 PMCID: PMC9063167 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.829415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical processing of unfamiliar, but less so familiar, stimuli has been described in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in particular in relation to face processing. We examined the construct of familiarity in ASD using familiar and unfamiliar songs, to investigate the link between familiarity and autism symptoms, such as repetitive behavior. Methods Forty-eight children, 24 with ASD (21 males, mean age = 9.96 years ± 1.54) and 24 typically developing (TD) controls (21 males, mean age = 10.17 ± 1.90) completed a music familiarity task using individually identified familiar compared to unfamiliar songs, while magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. Each song was presented for 30 s. We used both amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) and the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) to assess functional connectivity between specific regions of interest (ROI) and non-ROI parcels, as well as at the whole brain level, to understand what is preserved and what is impaired in familiar music listening in this population. Results Increased wPLI synchronization for familiar vs. unfamiliar music was found for typically developing children in the gamma frequency. There were no significant differences within the ASD group for this comparison. During the processing of unfamiliar music, we demonstrated left lateralized increased theta and beta band connectivity in children with ASD compared to controls. An interaction effect found greater alpha band connectivity in the TD group compared to ASD to unfamiliar music only, anchored in the left insula. Conclusion Our results revealed atypical processing of unfamiliar songs in children with ASD, consistent with previous studies in other modalities reporting that processing novelty is a challenge for ASD. Relatively typical processing of familiar stimuli may represent a strength and may be of interest to strength-based intervention planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Freitas
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin A. E. Hunt
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simeon M. Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne Ristic
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Fragiadakis
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Latha Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joyce L. Chen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin T. Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mundy P, Bullen J. The Bidirectional Social-Cognitive Mechanisms of the Social-Attention Symptoms of Autism. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:752274. [PMID: 35173636 PMCID: PMC8841840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.752274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in social attention development begin to be apparent in the 6th to 12th month of development in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and theoretically reflect important elements of its neurodevelopmental endophenotype. This paper examines alternative conceptual views of these early social attention symptoms and hypotheses about the mechanisms involved in their development. One model emphasizes mechanism involved in the spontaneous allocation of attention to faces, or social orienting. Alternatively, another model emphasizes mechanisms involved in the coordination of attention with other people, or joint attention, and the socially bi-directional nature of its development. This model raises the possibility that atypical responses of children to the attention or the gaze of a social partner directed toward themselves may be as important in the development of social attention symptoms as differences in the development of social orienting. Another model holds that symptoms of social attention may be important to early development, but may not impact older individuals with ASD. The alterative model is that the social attention symptoms in infancy (social orienting and joint attention), and social cognitive symptoms in childhood and adulthood share common neurodevelopmental substrates. Therefore, differences in early social attention and later social cognition constitute a developmentally continuous axis of symptom presentation in ASD. However, symptoms in older individuals may be best measured with in vivo measures of efficiency of social attention and social cognition in social interactions rather than the accuracy of response on analog tests used in measures with younger children. Finally, a third model suggests that the social attention symptoms may not truly be a symptom of ASD. Rather, they may be best conceptualized as stemming from differences domain general attention and motivation mechanisms. The alternative argued for here that infant social attention symptoms meet all the criteria of a unique dimension of the phenotype of ASD and the bi-directional phenomena involved in social attention cannot be fully explained in terms of domain general aspects of attention development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mundy
- Department of Learning and Mind Sciences, School of Education, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jenifer Bullen
- Department of Human Development, School of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takahashi E, Allan N, Peres R, Ortug A, van der Kouwe AJW, Valli B, Ethier E, Levman J, Baumer N, Tsujimura K, Vargas-Maya NI, McCracken TA, Lee R, Maunakea AK. Integration of structural MRI and epigenetic analyses hint at linked cellular defects of the subventricular zone and insular cortex in autism: Findings from a case study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1023665. [PMID: 36817099 PMCID: PMC9935943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1023665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication and repetitive, restrictive behaviors, features supported by cortical activity. Given the importance of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventrical to cortical development, we compared molecular, cellular, and structural differences in the SVZ and linked cortical regions in specimens of ASD cases and sex and age-matched unaffected brain. Methods We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tractography on ex vivo postmortem brain samples, which we further analyzed by Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS), Flow Cytometry, and RT qPCR. Results Through MRI, we observed decreased tractography pathways from the dorsal SVZ, increased pathways from the posterior ventral SVZ to the insular cortex, and variable cortical thickness within the insular cortex in ASD diagnosed case relative to unaffected controls. Long-range tractography pathways from and to the insula were also reduced in the ASD case. FACS-based cell sorting revealed an increased population of proliferating cells in the SVZ of ASD case relative to the unaffected control. Targeted qPCR assays of SVZ tissue demonstrated significantly reduced expression levels of genes involved in differentiation and migration of neurons in ASD relative to the control counterpart. Finally, using genome-wide DNA methylation analyses, we identified 19 genes relevant to neurological development, function, and disease, 7 of which have not previously been described in ASD, that were significantly differentially methylated in autistic SVZ and insula specimens. Conclusion These findings suggest a hypothesis that epigenetic changes during neurodevelopment alter the trajectory of proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the SVZ, impacting cortical structure and function and resulting in ASD phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nina Allan
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rafael Peres
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alpen Ortug
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Briana Valli
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ethier
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Levman
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nauru Idalia Vargas-Maya
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Trevor A McCracken
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rosa Lee
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Alika K Maunakea
- Epigenomics Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Biogenesis Research, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chien YL, Chen YC, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. A translational exploration of the effects of WNT2 variants on altered cortical structures in autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E647-E658. [PMID: 34862305 PMCID: PMC8648347 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that cortical anatomy may be aytpical in autism spectrum disorder. The wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2 (WNT2), a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder, may regulate cortical development. However, it is unclear whether WNT2 variants are associated with altered cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorder. METHODS In a sample of 118 people with autism spectrum disorder and 122 typically developing controls, we investigated cortical thickness using FreeSurfer software. We then examined the main effects of the WNT2 variants and the interactions of group × SNP and age × SNP for each hemisphere and brain region that was altered in people with autism spectrum disorder. RESULTS Compared to neurotypical controls, people with autism spectrum disorder showed reduced mean cortical thickness in both hemispheres and 9 cortical regions after false discovery rate correction, including the right cingulate gyrus, the orbital gyrus, the insula, the inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part and triangular part), the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, the posterior transverse collateral sulcus, the lateral sulcus and the superior temporal sulcus. In the full sample, 2 SNPs of WNT2 (rs6950765 and rs2896218) showed age × SNP interactions for the mean cortical thickness of both hemispheres, the middle-posterior cingulate cortex and the superior temporal cortex. LIMITATIONS We examined the genetic effect for each hemisphere and the 9 regions that were altered in autism spectrum disorder. The age effect we found in this cross-sectional study needs to be examined in longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION Based on neuroimaging and genetic data, our findings suggest that WNT2 variants might be associated with altered cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorder. Whether and how these WNT2 variants might involve cortical thinning requires further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01582256. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION National Institutes of Health no. NCT00494754.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chien, Chen, Chiu, Tsai, Gau); and the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Gau)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kotila A, Tohka J, Kauppi JP, Gabbatore I, Mäkinen L, Hurtig TM, Ebeling HE, Korhonen V, Kiviniemi VJ, Loukusa S. Neural-level associations of non-verbal pragmatic comprehension in young Finnish autistic adults. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1909333. [PMID: 34027832 PMCID: PMC8158210 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1909333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This video-based study examines the pragmatic non-verbal comprehension skills and corresponding neural-level findings in young Finnish autistic adults, and controls. Items from the Assessment Battery of Communication (ABaCo) were chosen to evaluate the comprehension of non-verbal communication. Inter-subject correlation (ISC) analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging data was used to reveal the synchrony of brain activation across participants during the viewing of pragmatically complex scenes of ABaCo videos. The results showed a significant difference between the ISC maps of the autistic and control groups in tasks involving the comprehension of non-verbal communication, thereby revealing several brain regions where correlation of brain activity was greater within the control group. The results suggest a possible weaker modulation of brain states in response to the pragmatic non-verbal communicative situations in autistic participants. Although there was no difference between the groups in behavioural responses to ABaCo items, there was more variability in the accuracy of the responses in the autistic group. Furthermore, mean answering and reaction times correlated with the severity of autistic traits. The results indicate that even if young autistic adults may have learned to use compensatory resources in their communicative-pragmatic comprehension, pragmatic processing in naturalistic situations still requires additional effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aija Kotila
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Kauppi
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilaria Gabbatore
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leena Mäkinen
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula M. Hurtig
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University of Oulu
| | - Hanna E. Ebeling
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa J. Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu Functional NeuroImaging-lab, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soile Loukusa
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu M, Li B, Hu D. Autism Spectrum Disorder Studies Using fMRI Data and Machine Learning: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:697870. [PMID: 34602966 PMCID: PMC8480393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.697870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning methods have been frequently applied in the field of cognitive neuroscience in the last decade. A great deal of attention has been attracted to introduce machine learning methods to study the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to find out its neurophysiological underpinnings. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive review about the previous studies since 2011, which applied machine learning methods to analyze the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of autistic individuals and the typical controls (TCs). The all-round process was covered, including feature construction from raw fMRI data, feature selection methods, machine learning methods, factors for high classification accuracy, and critical conclusions. Applying different machine learning methods and fMRI data acquired from different sites, classification accuracies were obtained ranging from 48.3% up to 97%, and informative brain regions and networks were located. Through thorough analysis, high classification accuracies were found to usually occur in the studies which involved task-based fMRI data, single dataset for some selection principle, effective feature selection methods, or advanced machine learning methods. Advanced deep learning together with the multi-site Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset became research trends especially in the recent 4 years. In the future, advanced feature selection and machine learning methods combined with multi-site dataset or easily operated task-based fMRI data may appear to have the potentiality to serve as a promising diagnostic tool for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Liu
- Engineering Training Center, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.,College of Missile Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yiannakas A, Kolatt Chandran S, Kayyal H, Gould N, Khamaisy M, Rosenblum K. Parvalbumin interneuron inhibition onto anterior insula neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala drives aversive taste memory retrieval. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2770-2784.e6. [PMID: 33930301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Memory retrieval refers to the fundamental ability of organisms to make use of acquired, sometimes inconsistent, information about the world. Although memory acquisition has been studied extensively, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory retrieval remain largely unknown. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a robust associative paradigm, through which animals can be trained to express aversion toward innately appetitive tastants. The anterior insula (aIC) is indispensable in the ability of mammals to retrieve associative information regarding tastants that have been previously linked with gastric malaise. Here, we show that CTA memory retrieval promotes cell-type-specific activation in the aIC. Using chemogenetic tools in the aIC, we found that CTA memory acquisition requires activation of excitatory neurons and inhibition of inhibitory neurons, whereas retrieval necessitates activation of both excitatory and inhibitory aIC circuits. CTA memory retrieval at the aIC activates parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and increases synaptic inhibition onto activated pyramidal neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (aIC-BLA). Unlike innately appetitive taste memory retrieval, CTA retrieval increases synaptic inhibition onto aIC-BLA-projecting neurons that is dependent on activity in aIC PV interneurons. PV aIC interneurons coordinate CTA memory retrieval and are necessary for its dominance when conflicting internal representations are encountered over time. The reinstatement of CTA memories following extinction is also dependent on activation of aIC PV interneurons, which increase the frequency of inhibition onto aIC-BLA-projecting neurons. This newly described interaction of PV and a subset of excitatory neurons can explain the coherency of aversive memory retrieval, an evolutionary pre-requisite for animal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Yiannakas
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Haneen Kayyal
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nathaniel Gould
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mohammad Khamaisy
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kobi Rosenblum
- Sagol Department of Neuroscience, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel; Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Keehn RJJ, Pueschel EB, Gao Y, Jahedi A, Alemu K, Carper R, Fishman I, Müller RA. Underconnectivity Between Visual and Salience Networks and Links With Sensory Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:274-285. [PMID: 32126259 PMCID: PMC7483217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anterior insular cortex (AI), which is a part of the salience network, is critically involved in visual awareness, multisensory perception, and social and emotional processing, among other functions. In children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), evidence has suggested aberrant functional connectivity (FC) of AI compared with typically developing peers. While recent studies have primarily focused on the functional connections between salience and social networks, much less is known about connectivity between AI and primary sensory regions, including visual areas, and how these patterns may be linked to autism symptomatology. METHOD The current investigation implemented functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine resting-state FC patterns of salience and visual networks in children and adolescents with ASDs compared with typically developing controls, and to relate them to behavioral measures. RESULTS Functional underconnectivity was found in the ASD group between left AI and bilateral visual cortices. Moreover, in an ASD subgroup with more atypical visual sensory profiles, FC was positively correlated with abnormal social motivational responsivity. CONCLUSION Findings of reduced FC between salience and visual networks in ASDs potentially indicate deficient selection of salient information. Moreover, in children and adolescents with ASDs who show strongly atypical visual sensory profiles, connectivity at seemingly more neurotypical levels may be paradoxically associated with greater impairment of social motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellyn B. Pueschel
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Yangfeifei Gao
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA
| | - Afrooz Jahedi
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA,San Diego State University/Claremont Graduate University Joint Doctoral Program in Computational Statistics, CA
| | - Kalekirstos Alemu
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Ruth Carper
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA
| | - Inna Fishman
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, CA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun JW, Fan R, Wang Q, Wang QQ, Jia XZ, Ma HB. Identify abnormal functional connectivity of resting state networks in Autism spectrum disorder and apply to machine learning-based classification. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147299. [PMID: 33516816 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients are often reported altered patterns of functional connectivity (FC) on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans. However, the results in similar brain regions were inconsistent. In this study, we first investigated statistical differences in large-scale resting-state networks (RSNs) on 192 healthy controls (HCs) and 103 ASD patients by using independent component analysis (ICA). Second, an image-based meta-analysis (IBMA) was applied to discover the consistency of spatial patterns from different sites. Last, utilizing these patterns as features, we used Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to identify whether a subject was suffering from ASD or not. As a result, six RSNs were obtained with ICA. In each RSN, we identified altered functional connectivity between ASD and HC across the multi-site data. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve plots (AUC) to determine the classification performance. The AUC value of classification reaches 0.988. In conclusion, the present study indicates that intrinsic connectivity patterns produced from rsfMRI data could yield a possible biomarker of ASD and contributed to the neurobiology of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China; Integrated Medical School, Jiamusi University, China
| | - Rui Fan
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China; Integrated Medical School, Jiamusi University, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xi-Ze Jia
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Bin Ma
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China; Integrated Medical School, Jiamusi University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zürcher NR, Walsh EC, Phillips RD, Cernasov PM, Tseng CEJ, Dharanikota A, Smith E, Li Z, Kinard JL, Bizzell JC, Greene RK, Dillon D, Pizzagalli DA, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Truong K, Lalush D, Hooker JM, Dichter GS. A simultaneous [ 11C]raclopride positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of striatal dopamine binding in autism. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:33. [PMID: 33431841 PMCID: PMC7801430 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The social motivation hypothesis of autism posits that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired motivation to seek out social experience early in life that interferes with the development of social functioning. This framework suggests that impaired mesolimbic dopamine function underlies compromised responses to social rewards in ASD. Although this hypothesis is supported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, no molecular imaging study has evaluated striatal dopamine functioning in response to rewards in ASD. Here, we examined striatal functioning during monetary incentive processing in ASD and controls using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI. Using a bolus + infusion protocol with the D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonist [11C]raclopride, voxel-wise binding potential (BPND) was compared between groups (controls = 12, ASD = 10) in the striatum. Striatal clusters showing significant between-group BPND differences were used as seeds in whole-brain fMRI general functional connectivity analyses. Relative to controls, the ASD group demonstrated decreased phasic dopamine release to incentives in the bilateral putamen and left caudate, as well as increased functional connectivity between a PET-derived right putamen seed and the precuneus and insula. Within the ASD group, decreased phasic dopamine release in the putamen was related to poorer theory-of-mind skills. Our findings that ASD is characterized by impaired striatal phasic dopamine release to incentives provide support for the social motivation hypothesis of autism. PET-fMRI may be a suitable tool to evaluate novel ASD therapeutics targeting the striatal dopamine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Erin C. Walsh
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Rachel D. Phillips
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Paul M. Cernasov
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Chieh-En J. Tseng
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Ayarah Dharanikota
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Eric Smith
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Zibo Li
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Jessica L. Kinard
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Joshua C. Bizzell
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Rachel K. Greene
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Daniel Dillon
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XCenter for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XCenter for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Kinh Truong
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - David Lalush
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Gabriel S. Dichter
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Marshall E, Nomi JS, Dirks B, Romero C, Kupis L, Chang C, Uddin LQ. Coactivation pattern analysis reveals altered salience network dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder. Netw Neurosci 2020; 4:1219-1234. [PMID: 33409437 PMCID: PMC7781614 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have historically relied on static measures of functional connectivity. Recent work has focused on identifying transient configurations of brain activity, yet several open questions remain regarding the nature of specific brain network dynamics in ASD. We used a dynamic coactivation pattern (CAP) approach to investigate the salience/midcingulo-insular (M-CIN) network, a locus of dysfunction in ASD, in a large multisite resting-state fMRI dataset collected from 172 children (ages 6–13 years; n = 75 ASD; n = 138 male). Following brain parcellation by using independent component analysis, dynamic CAP analyses were conducted and k-means clustering was used to determine transient activation patterns of the M-CIN. The frequency of occurrence of different dynamic CAP brain states was then compared between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Dynamic brain configurations characterized by coactivation of the M-CIN with central executive/lateral fronto-parietal and default mode/medial fronto-parietal networks appeared less frequently in children with ASD compared with TD children. This study highlights the utility of time-varying approaches for studying altered M-CIN function in prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. We speculate that altered M-CIN dynamics in ASD may underlie the inflexible behaviors commonly observed in children with the disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with altered patterns of functional brain connectivity. Little is currently known about how moment-to-moment brain dynamics differ in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Altered functional integrity of the midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) has been implicated in the neurobiology of ASD. Here we use a novel coactivation analysis approach applied to a large sample of resting-state fMRI data collected from children with ASD and TD children to demonstrate altered patterns of M-CIN dynamics in children with the disorder. We speculate that these atypical patterns of brain dynamics may underlie behavioral inflexibility in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Bryce Dirks
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Celia Romero
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Kupis
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng W, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Liu T, Zhang Y, Fan J, Wu D. Developmental pattern of the cortical topology in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:660-675. [PMID: 33085836 PMCID: PMC7814766 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated alterations of brain morphology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, how ASD influences the topological organization of the brain cortex at different developmental stages is not yet well characterized. In this study, we used structural images of 492 high‐functioning participants in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database acquired from 17 international imaging centers, including 75 autistic children (age 7–11 years), 91 adolescents with ASD (age 12–17 years), and 80 young adults with ASD (age 18–29 years), and 246 typically developing controls (TDCs) that were age, gender, handedness, and full‐scale IQ matched. Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were extracted and the covariance between cortical regions across participants were treated as a network to examine developmental patterns of the cortical topological organization at different stages. A center‐paired resampling strategy was developed to control the center bias during the permutation test. Compared with the TDCs, network of SA (but not CT) of individuals with ASD showed reduced small‐worldness in childhood, and the network hubs were reorganized in the adulthood such that hubs inclined to connect with nonhub nodes and demonstrated more dispersed spatial distribution. Furthermore, the SA network of the ASD cohort exhibited increased segregation of the inferior parietal lobule and prefrontal cortex, and insular‐opercular cortex in all three age groups, resulting in the emergence of two unique modules in the autistic brain. Our findings suggested that individuals with ASD may undergo remarkable remodeling of the cortical topology from childhood to adulthood, which may be associated with the altered social and cognitive functions in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee J, Lee D, Namkoong K, Jung YC. Aberrant posterior superior temporal sulcus functional connectivity and executive dysfunction in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:589-597. [PMID: 32918802 PMCID: PMC8943665 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The clinical significance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is spreading worldwide, but its underlying neural mechanism still remains unclear. Moreover, the prevalence of IGD seems to be the highest in adolescents whose brains are in development. This study investigated the functional connectivity between large-scale intrinsic networks including default mode network, executive control network, and salience network. We hypothesized that adolescents with IGD would demonstrate different functional connectivity patterns among large-scale intrinsic networks, implying neurodevelopmental alterations, which might be associated with executive dysfunction. METHODS This study included 17 male adolescents with Internet gaming disorder, and 18 age-matched male adolescents as healthy controls. Functional connectivity was examined using seed-to-voxel analysis and seed-to-seed analysis, with the nodes of large-scale intrinsic networks used as region of interests. Group independent component analysis was performed to investigate spatially independent network. RESULTS We identified aberrant functional connectivity of salience network and default mode network with the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in adolescents with IGD. Furthermore, functional connectivity between salience network and pSTS correlated with proneness to Internet addiction and self-reported cognitive problems. Independent component analysis revealed that pSTS was involved in social brain network. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results imply that aberrant functional connectivity of social brain network with default mode network and salience network was identified in IGD that may be associated with executive dysfunction. Our results suggest that inordinate social stimuli during excessive online gaming leads to altered connections among large-scale networks during neurodevelopment of adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 16995, South Korea
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Markers for the central serotonin system correlate to verbal ability and paralinguistic social voice processing in autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14558. [PMID: 32883965 PMCID: PMC7471326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment in verbal communication abilities has been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dysfunction of the serotonergic system has also been reported in ASD. However, it is still unknown how the brain serotonergic system relates to impairment in verbal communication abilities in individuals with ASD. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between brain serotonergic condition and brain sensitivity to paralinguistic stimuli (i.e., amplitude in the human voice prosodic change-evoked mismatch field) measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) or verbal ability in 10 adults with ASD. To estimate the brain serotonergic condition, we measured the serotonin transporter nondisplaceable binding potential cerebrum-wide using positron emission tomography with [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine ([11C] DASB). The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between brain activity to paralinguistic stimuli and brain serotonin transporter binding potential in the left lingual gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and left calcarine cortex. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between verbal ability and serotonergic condition in the right anterior insula, right putamen and right central operculum. These results suggested that the occipital cortex is implicated in recognition of the prosodic change in ASD, whereas the right insula-involved serotonergic system is important in nurturing verbal function in ASD.Trial registration: UMIN000011077.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chaitra N, Vijaya P, Deshpande G. Diagnostic prediction of autism spectrum disorder using complex network measures in a machine learning framework. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
35
|
Subjective well-being is associated with the functional connectivity network of the dorsal anterior insula. Neuropsychologia 2020; 141:107393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
36
|
Affective Modulation after High-Intensity Exercise Is Associated with Prolonged Amygdalar-Insular Functional Connectivity Increase. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:7905387. [PMID: 32300362 PMCID: PMC7132580 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7905387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute moderate exercise has been shown to induce prolonged changes in functional connectivity (FC) within affect and reward networks. The influence of different exercise intensities on FC has not yet been explored. Twenty-five male athletes underwent 30 min of “low”- (35% < lactate threshold (LT)) and “high”- (20% > LT) intensity exercise bouts on a treadmill. Resting-state fMRI was acquired at 3 Tesla before and after exercise, together with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Data of 22 subjects (3 dropouts) were analyzed using the FSL feat pipeline and a seed-to-network-based analysis with the bilateral amygdala as the seed region for determining associated FC changes in the “emotional brain.” Data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. Comparisons between pre- and post-exercise were analyzed using a one-sample t-test, and a paired t-test was used for the comparison between “low” and “high” exercise conditions (nonparametric randomization approach, results reported at p < 0.05). Both exercise interventions induced significant increases in the PANAS positive affect scale. There was a significant interaction effect of amygdalar FC to the right anterior insula, and this amygdalar-insular FC correlated significantly with the PANAS positive affect scale (r = 0.47, p = 0.048) in the “high”-intensity exercise condition. Our findings suggest that mood changes after exercise are associated with prolonged alterations in amygdalar-insular FC and occur in an exercise intensity-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
37
|
Moreira PS, Macoveanu J, Marques P, Coelho A, Magalhães R, Siebner HR, Soares JM, Sousa N, Morgado P. Altered response to risky decisions and reward in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:98-107. [PMID: 31509362 PMCID: PMC7828903 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) employ ritualistic behaviours to reduce or even neutralize the anxiety provoked by their obsessions. The presence of excessive rumination and indecision has motivated the view of OCD as a disorder of decision-making. Most studies have focused on the “cold,” cognitive aspects of decision-making. This study expands current understanding of OCD by characterizing the abnormalities associated with affective, or “hot” decision-making. METHODS We performed a functional MRI study in a sample of 34 patients with OCD and 33 sex- and age-matched healthy controls, during which participants made 2-choice gambles taking varying levels of risk. RESULTS During risky decisions, patients showed significantly reduced task-related activation in the posterior cingulum, lingual gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex. We identified significant group × risk interactions in the calcarine cortex, precuneus, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex. During the outcome phase, patients with OCD showed stronger activation of the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and putamen in response to unexpected losses. LIMITATIONS The group of patients not receiving medication was very small (n = 5), which precluded us from assessing the effect of medication on risk-taking behaviour in these patients. CONCLUSION Obsessive–compulsive disorder is associated with abnormal brain activity patterns during risky decision-making in a set of brain regions that have been consistently implicated in the processing of reward prediction errors. Alterations in affective “hot” processes implicated in decision-making may contribute to increased indecisiveness and intolerance to uncertainty in patients with OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Moreira
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Julian Macoveanu
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Paulo Marques
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Ana Coelho
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Hartwig R. Siebner
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - José Miguel Soares
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Nuno Sousa
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| | - Pedro Morgado
- From the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Clinical Academic Centre, Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (Moreira, Marques, Coelho, Magalhães, Soares, Sousa, Morgado); the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (Macoveanu); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (Macoveanu, Siebner); the Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, Denmark (Siebner); and the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Siebner)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen MH, Chen YL, Bai YM, Huang KL, Wu HJ, Hsu JW, Su TP, Tsai SJ, Tu PC, Li CT, Lin WC, Wu YT. Functional connectivity of specific brain networks related to social and communication dysfunction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112785. [PMID: 31982661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have impaired social cognition and communication. However, the functioning of the brain networks involved in the social cognition and communication impairment in ADHD patients remains unclear. METHODS In total, 18 adolescents with ADHD and 16 age- and sex-matched typically developing adolescents (controls)-all of whom underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging examination-were enrolled. Their parents filled out Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaires. Functional connectivity analyses based on the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network were performed. RESULTS Compared with controls, adolescents with ADHD exhibited higher total and subscale scores on SNAP-IV and SRS. Higher SNAP-IV and SRS scores were associated with higher functional connectivity between the default mode network (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network (anterior insula) and between the FPN (dorsolateral and prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network, but with lower functional connectivity between the default mode network (posterior cingulate cortex) and frontoparietal network (inferior parietal lobule) and between the default mode network (precuneus) and cinguloopercular network (temporoparietal junction). DISCUSSION Social cognition and communication impairment and ADHD may commonly share the aberrant functional connectivity in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pereira JA, Sepulveda P, Rana M, Montalba C, Tejos C, Torres R, Sitaram R, Ruiz S. Self-Regulation of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Spectrum: A Feasibility Study With Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:446. [PMID: 31920602 PMCID: PMC6933482 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important and early impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the abnormal visual processing of human faces. This deficit has been associated with hypoactivation of the fusiform face area (FFA), one of the main hubs of the face-processing network. Neurofeedback based on real-time fMRI (rtfMRI-NF) is a technique that allows the self-regulation of circumscribed brain regions, leading to specific neural modulation and behavioral changes. The aim of the present study was to train participants with ASD to achieve up-regulation of the FFA using rtfMRI-NF, to investigate the neural effects of FFA up-regulation in ASD. For this purpose, three groups of volunteers with normal I.Q. and fluent language were recruited to participate in a rtfMRI-NF protocol of eight training runs in 2 days. Five subjects with ASD participated as part of the experimental group and received contingent feedback to up-regulate bilateral FFA. Two control groups, each one with three participants with typical development (TD), underwent the same protocol: one group with contingent feedback and the other with sham feedback. Whole-brain and functional connectivity analysis using each fusiform gyrus as independent seeds were carried out. The results show that individuals with TD and ASD can achieve FFA up-regulation with contingent feedback. RtfMRI-NF in ASD produced more numerous and stronger short-range connections among brain areas of the ventral visual stream and an absence of the long-range connections to insula and inferior frontal gyrus, as observed in TD subjects. Recruitment of inferior frontal gyrus was observed in both groups during FAA up-regulation. However, insula and caudate nucleus were only recruited in subjects with TD. These results could be explained from a neurodevelopment perspective as a lack of the normal specialization of visual processing areas, and a compensatory mechanism to process visual information of faces. RtfMRI-NF emerges as a potential tool to study visual processing network in ASD, and to explore its clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Pereira
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pradyumna Sepulveda
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Rana
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bast N, Banaschewski T, Dziobek I, Brandeis D, Poustka L, Freitag CM. Pupil Dilation Progression Modulates Aberrant Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2019; 12:1680-1692. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Bast
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain and Institute of PsychologyHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center Göttingen, Medical University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Neural Mechanisms of Reward Prediction Error in Autism Spectrum Disorder. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 2019:5469191. [PMID: 31354993 PMCID: PMC6634058 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5469191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored neural mechanisms of reward learning in ASD despite evidence of behavioral impairments of predictive abilities in ASD. To investigate the neural correlates of reward prediction errors in ASD, 16 adults with ASD and 14 typically developing controls performed a prediction error task during fMRI scanning. Results revealed greater activation in the ASD group in the left paracingulate gyrus during signed prediction errors and the left insula and right frontal pole during thresholded unsigned prediction errors. Findings support atypical neural processing of reward prediction errors in ASD in frontostriatal regions critical for prediction coding and reward learning. Results provide a neural basis for impairments in reward learning that may contribute to traits common in ASD (e.g., intolerance of unpredictability).
Collapse
|
42
|
Bos DJ, Silverman MR, Ajodan EL, Martin C, Silver BM, Brouwer GJ, Di Martino A, Jones RM. Rigidity coincides with reduced cognitive control to affective cues in children with autism. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:431-441. [PMID: 31045398 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested whether salient affective cues would negatively influence cognitive control in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One hundred children aged 6-12 years who were either typically developing or had ASD performed a novel go/no-go task to cues of their interest versus cues of noninterest. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models for hit rate, false alarms, and the sensitivity index d' were used to test for group differences. Caregivers completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised to test associations between repetitive behaviors and task performance. Children with ASD had reduced cognitive control toward their interests compared with typically developing children. Further, children with ASD showed reduced cognitive control to interests compared with noninterests, a pattern not observed in typically developing children. Decreased cognitive control toward interests was associated with higher insistence on sameness behavior in ASD, but there was no association between sameness behavior and cognitive control for noninterests. Together, children with ASD demonstrated decreased cognitive flexibility in the context of increased affective salience related to interests. These results provide a mechanism for how salient affective cues, such as interests, interfere with daily functioning and social communication in ASD. Further, the findings have broader clinical implications for understanding how affective cues can drive interactions between restricted patterns of behavior and cognitive control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dienke J Bos
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ciarrusta J, O'Muircheartaigh J, Dimitrova R, Batalle D, Cordero-Grande L, Price A, Hughes E, Steinweg JK, Kangas J, Perry E, Javed A, Stoencheva V, Akolekar R, Victor S, Hajnal J, Murphy D, Edwards D, Arichi T, McAlonan G. Social Brain Functional Maturation in Newborn Infants With and Without a Family History of Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e191868. [PMID: 30951164 PMCID: PMC6450332 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE What is inherited or acquired in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not a fixed outcome, but instead is a vulnerability to a spectrum of traits, especially social difficulties. Identifying the biological mechanisms associated with vulnerability requires looking as early in life as possible, before the brain is shaped by postnatal mechanisms and/or the experiences of living with these traits. Animal studies suggest that susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders arises when genetic and/or environmental risks for these conditions alter patterns of synchronous brain activity in the perinatal period, but this has never been examined in human neonates. OBJECTIVE To assess whether alternation of functional maturation of social brain circuits is associated with a family history of ASD in newborns. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study of 36 neonates with and without a family history of ASD, neonates underwent magnetic resonance imaging at St Thomas Hospital in London, England, using a dedicated neonatal brain imaging system between June 23, 2015, and August 1, 2018. Neonates with a first-degree relative with ASD (R+) and therefore vulnerable to autistic traits and neonates without a family history (R-) were recruited for the study. Synchronous neural activity in brain regions linked to social function was compared. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Regions responsible for social function were selected with reference to a published meta-analysis and the level of synchronous activity within each region was used as a measure of local functional connectivity in a regional homogeneity analysis. Group differences, controlling for sex, age at birth, age at scan, and group × age interactions, were examined. RESULTS The final data set consisted of 18 R+ infants (13 male; median [range] postmenstrual age at scan, 42.93 [40.00-44.86] weeks) and 18 R- infants (13 male; median [range] postmenstrual age at scan, 42.50 [39.29-44.58] weeks). Neonates who were R+ had significantly higher levels of synchronous activity in the right posterior fusiform (t = 2.48; P = .04) and left parietal cortices (t = 3.96; P = .04). In addition, there was a significant group × age interaction within the anterior segment of the left insula (t = 3.03; P = .04) and cingulate cortices (right anterior: t = 3.00; P = .03; left anterior: t = 2.81; P = .03; right posterior: t = 2.77; P = .03; left posterior: t = 2.55; P = .03). In R+ infants, levels of synchronous activity decreased over 39 to 45 weeks' postmenstrual age, whereas synchronous activity levels increased in R- infants over the same period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Synchronous activity is required during maturation of functionally connected networks. This study found that in newborn humans, having a first-degree relative with ASD was associated with higher levels of local functional connectivity and dysmaturation of interconnected regions responsible for processing higher-order social information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ciarrusta
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Klaus Steinweg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Perry
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Javed
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimira Stoencheva
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Suresh Victor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Murphy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yerys BE, Tunç B, Satterthwaite TD, Antezana L, Mosner MG, Bertollo JR, Guy L, Schultz RT, Herrington JD. Functional Connectivity of Frontoparietal and Salience/Ventral Attention Networks Have Independent Associations With Co-occurring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children With Autism. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:343-351. [PMID: 30777604 PMCID: PMC6456394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have worse functional outcomes and treatment response than those without ADHD symptoms. There is limited knowledge of the neurobiology of ADHD symptoms in ASD. Here, we test the hypothesis that aberrant functional connectivity of two large-scale executive brain networks implicated in ADHD-the frontoparietal and salience/ventral attention networks-also play a role in ADHD symptoms in ASD. METHODS We compared resting-state functional connectivity of the two executive brain networks in children with ASD (n = 77) and typically developing control children (n = 82). These two executive brain networks comprise five subnetworks (three frontoparietal, two salience/ventral attention). After identifying aberrant functional connections among subnetworks, we examined dimensional associations with parent-reported ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Weaker functional connectivity in ASD was present within and between the frontoparietal and salience/ventral attention subnetworks. Decreased functional connectivity within a single salience/ventral attention subnetwork, as well as between two frontoparietal subnetworks, significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, follow-up linear regressions demonstrated that the salience/ventral attention and frontoparietal subnetworks explain unique variance in ADHD symptoms. These executive brain network-ADHD symptom relationships remained significant after controlling for ASD symptoms. Finally, specificity was also demonstrated through the use of a control brain network (visual) and a control co-occurring symptom domain (anxiety). CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide novel evidence that both frontoparietal and salience/ventral attention networks' weaker connectivities are linked to ADHD symptoms in ASD. Moreover, co-occurring ADHD in the context of ASD is a source of meaningful neural heterogeneity in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Yerys
- Center for Autism Research and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Birkan Tunç
- Center for Autism Research and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biomedical and Health Information, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ligia Antezana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Maya G Mosner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer R Bertollo
- Center for Autism Research and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Lisa Guy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John D Herrington
- Center for Autism Research and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kilroy E, Aziz-Zadeh L, Cermak S. Ayres Theories of Autism and Sensory Integration Revisited: What Contemporary Neuroscience Has to Say. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9030068. [PMID: 30901886 PMCID: PMC6468444 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal sensory-based behaviors are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Dr. A. Jean Ayres was the first occupational therapist to conceptualize Sensory Integration (SI) theories and therapies to address these deficits. Her work was based on neurological knowledge of the 1970’s. Since then, advancements in neuroimaging techniques make it possible to better understand the brain areas that may underlie sensory processing deficits in ASD. In this article, we explore the postulates proposed by Ayres (i.e., registration, modulation, motivation) through current neuroimaging literature. To this end, we review the neural underpinnings of sensory processing and integration in ASD by examining the literature on neurophysiological responses to sensory stimuli in individuals with ASD as well as structural and network organization using a variety of neuroimaging techniques. Many aspects of Ayres’ hypotheses about the nature of the disorder were found to be highly consistent with current literature on sensory processing in children with ASD but there are some discrepancies across various methodological techniques and ASD development. With additional characterization, neurophysiological profiles of sensory processing in ASD may serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic interventions, such as SI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kilroy
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Sharon Cermak
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nomi JS, Molnar-Szakacs I, Uddin LQ. Insular function in autism: Update and future directions in neuroimaging and interventions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:412-426. [PMID: 30381235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex, hidden within the lateral sulcus of the human brain, participates in a range of cognitive, affective, and sensory functions. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting all of these functional domains, has increasingly been linked with atypical activation and connectivity of the insular cortices. Here we review the latest research linking atypical insular function to a range of behaviors characteristic of ASD, with an emphasis on neuroimaging findings in the domains of social cognition and executive function. We summarize some of the recent work linking the insula to interventions in autism, including oxytocin-based pharmacological treatments and music therapy. We suggest that future directions likely to yield significant insights into insular pathology in ASD include the analysis of the dynamics of this brain region. We also conclude that more basic research is necessary on the use of oxytocin pharmacotherapy, and larger studies addressing participant heterogeneity are needed on the use of music therapy in ASD. Long-term studies are needed to ascertain sustained effects of these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | | | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Francis SM, Camchong J, Brickman L, Goelkel-Garcia L, Mueller BA, Tseng A, Lim KO, Jacob S. Hypoconnectivity of insular resting-state networks in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 283:104-112. [PMID: 30594068 PMCID: PMC6901290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication. The anterior insula (AI) participates in emotional salience detection; and the posterior insula (PI) participates in sensorimotor integration and response selection. Meta-analyses have noted insula-based aberrant connectivity within ASD. Given the observed social impairments in ASD and the role of the insula in social information processing (SIP), investigating functional organization of this structure in ASD is important. We investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using fMRI in male youths with (N=13; mean=14.6 years; range: 10.2-18.0 years) and without ASD (N=17; mean=14.5 years; range: 10.0-17.5 years). With seed-based FC measures, we compared RSFC in insular networks. Hypoconnectivity was observed in ASD (AI-superior frontal gyrus (SFG); AI-thalamus; PI-inferior parietal lobule (IPL); PI-fusiform gyrus (FG); PI-lentiform nucleus/putamen). Using the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) to assess social functioning, regression analyses yielded negative correlations between SCQ scores and RSFC (AI-SFG; AI-thalamus; PI-FG; PI-IPL). Given the insula's connections to limbic regions, and its role in integrating external sensory stimuli with internal states, atypical activity in this structure may be associated with social deficits characterizing ASD. Our results suggest further investigation of the insula's role in SIP across a continuum of social abilities is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday M Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jazmin Camchong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura Brickman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angela Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guo X, Duan X, Suckling J, Chen H, Liao W, Cui Q, Chen H. Partially impaired functional connectivity states between right anterior insula and default mode network in autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1264-1275. [PMID: 30367744 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-invariant resting-state functional connectivity studies have illuminated the crucial role of the right anterior insula (rAI) in prominent social impairments of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, a recent dynamic connectivity study demonstrated that rather than being stationary, functional connectivity patterns of the rAI vary significantly across time. The present study aimed to explore the differences in functional connectivity in dynamic states of the rAI between individuals with ASD and typically developing controls (TD). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from a publicly available database were analyzed in 209 individuals with ASD and 298 demographically matched controls. A k-means clustering algorithm was utilized to obtain five dynamic states of functional connectivity of the rAI. The temporal properties, frequency properties, and meta-analytic decoding were first identified in TD group to obtain the characteristics of each rAI dynamic state. Multivariate analysis of variance was then performed to compare the functional connectivity patterns of the rAI between ASD and TD groups in obtained states. Significantly impaired connectivity was observed in ASD in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, which are two critical hubs of the default mode network (DMN). States in which ASD showed decreased connectivity between the rAI and these regions were those more relevant to socio-cognitive processing. From a dynamic perspective, these findings demonstrate partially impaired resting-state functional connectivity patterns between the rAI and DMN across states in ASD, and provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying social impairments in individuals with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vij SG, Nomi JS, Dajani DR, Uddin LQ. Evolution of spatial and temporal features of functional brain networks across the lifespan. Neuroimage 2018; 173:498-508. [PMID: 29518568 PMCID: PMC6613816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and aging are associated with functional changes in the brain across the lifespan. These changes manifest in a variety of spatial and temporal features of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) but have seldom been explored exhaustively. We present a comprehensive study assessing age-related changes in spatial and temporal features of blind-source separated components identified by independent vector analysis (IVA) in a cross-sectional lifespan sample (ages 6-85 years). We show that while large-scale network configurations remain consistent throughout the lifespan, changes persist in both local and global organization of these networks. We show that the spatial extent of the majority of functional networks exhibits linear decreases and both positive and negative quadratic trajectories across the lifespan. Network connectivity revealed nuanced patterns of linear and quadratic relationships with age, primarily in higher order cognitive networks. We also show divergent age-related patterns across the frequency spectrum in lower and higher frequencies. Taken together, these results point to the presence of sophisticated patterns of age-related changes that have previously not been considered collectively. We suggest that established patterns of lifespan changes in rs-fMRI features may be driven by changes in the spectral composition of BOLD signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti G Vij
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
| | - Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - Dina R Dajani
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jahedi A, Nasamran CA, Faires B, Fan J, Müller RA. Distributed Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Patterns Predict Diagnostic Status in Large Autism Cohort. Brain Connect 2018; 7:515-525. [PMID: 28825309 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) currently relies on behavioral observations because brain markers are unknown. Machine learning approaches can identify patterns in imaging data that predict diagnostic status, but most studies using functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) data achieved only modest accuracies of 60-80%. We used conditional random forest (CRF), an ensemble learning technique protected against bias from feature correlation (which exists in fcMRI matrices). We selected 252 low-motion resting-state functional MRI scans from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, including 126 typically developing (TD) and 126 ASD participants, matched for age, nonverbal IQ, and head motion. A matrix of functional connectivities between 220 functionally defined regions of interest was used for diagnostic classification. In several runs, we achieved accuracies of 92-99% for classifiers with >300 features (most informative connections). Features, including pericentral somatosensory and motor regions, were disproportionately informative. Findings differed partially from a previous study in the same sample that used feature selection with random forest (which is biased by feature correlations). External validation in a smaller in-house data set, however, achieved only 67-71% accuracy. The large number of features in optimal models can be attributed to etiological heterogeneity under the clinical ASD umbrella. Lower accuracy in external validation is expected due to differences in unknown composition of ASD variants across samples. High accuracy in the main data set is unlikely due to noise overfitting, but rather indicates optimized characterization of a given cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Jahedi
- 1 Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, California.,2 Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University , San Diego, California.,3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- 1 Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, California.,4 Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| | - Brian Faires
- 1 Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, California.,4 Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| | - Juanjuan Fan
- 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- 1 Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University , San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|