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Huang LY, Parker DA, Ethridge LE, Hamm JP, Keedy SS, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Hill SK, Sweeney JA, McDowell JE, Clementz BA. Double dissociation between P300 components and task switch error type in healthy but not psychosis participants. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:161-169. [PMID: 37776647 PMCID: PMC11015813 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) during oddball tasks and the behavioral performance on the Penn Conditional Exclusion Task (PCET) measure context-appropriate responding: P300 ERPs to oddball targets reflect detection of input changes and context updating in working memory, and PCET performance indexes detection, adherence, and maintenance of mental set changes. More specifically, PCET variables quantify cognitive functions including inductive reasoning (set 1 completion), mental flexibility (perseverative errors), and working memory maintenance (regressive errors). Past research showed that both P300 ERPs and PCET performance are disrupted in psychosis. This study probed the possible neural correlates of 3 PCET abnormalities that occur in participants with psychosis via the overlapping cognitive demands of the two study paradigms. In a two-tiered analysis, psychosis (n = 492) and healthy participants (n = 244) were first divided based on completion of set 1 - which measures subjects' ability to use inductive reasoning to arrive at the correct set. Results showed that participants who failed set 1 produced lower parietal P300, independent of clinical status. In the second tier of analysis, a double dissociation was found among healthy set 1 completers: frontal P300 amplitudes were negatively associated with perseverative errors, and parietal P300 was negatively associated with regressive errors. In contrast, psychosis participants showed global P300 reductions regardless of PCET performance. From this we conclude that in psychosis, overall activations evoked by the oddball task are reduced while the cognitive functions required by PCET are still somewhat supported, showing some level of independence or compensatory physiology in psychosis between neural activities underlying the two tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Huang
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David A Parker
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lauren E Ethridge
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah S Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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2
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Schmitt LM, Arzuaga AL, Dapore A, Duncan J, Patel M, Larson JR, Erickson CA, Sweeney JA, Ragozzino ME. Parallel learning and cognitive flexibility impairments between Fmr1 knockout mice and individuals with fragile X syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1074682. [PMID: 36688132 PMCID: PMC9849779 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1074682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a monogenic condition that leads to intellectual disability along with behavioral and learning difficulties. Among behavioral and learning difficulties, cognitive flexibility impairments are among the most commonly reported in FXS, which significantly impacts daily living. Despite the extensive use of the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse to understand molecular, synaptic and behavioral alterations related to FXS, there has been limited development of translational paradigms to understand cognitive flexibility that can be employed in both animal models and individuals with FXS to facilitate treatment development. Methods To begin addressing this limitation, a parallel set of studies were carried out that investigated probabilistic reversal learning along with other behavioral and cognitive tests in individuals with FXS and Fmr1 KO mice. Fifty-five adolescents and adults with FXS (67% male) and 34 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (62% male) completed an initial probabilistic learning training task and a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results In males with FXS, both initial probabilistic learning and reversal learning deficits were found. However, in females with FXS, we only observed reversal learning deficits. Reversal learning deficits related to more severe psychiatric features in females with FXS, whereas increased sensitivity to negative feedback (lose:shift errors) unexpectedly appear to be adaptive in males with FXS. Male Fmr1 KO mice exhibited both an initial probabilistic learning and reversal learning deficit compared to that of wildtype (WT) mice. Female Fmr1 KO mice were selectively impaired on probabilistic reversal learning. In a prepotent response inhibition test, both male and female Fmr1 KO mice were impaired in learning to choose a non-preferred spatial location to receive a food reward compared to that of WT mice. Neither male nor female Fmr1 KO mice exhibited a change in anxiety compared to that of WT mice. Discussion Together, our findings demonstrate strikingly similar sex-dependent learning disturbances across individuals with FXS and Fmr1 KO mice. This suggests the promise of using analogous paradigms of cognitive flexibility across species that may speed treatment development to improve lives of individuals with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Schmitt
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anna L. Arzuaga
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Dapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason Duncan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maya Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John R. Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael E. Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Michael E. Ragozzino,
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3
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Eskridge CLM, Hochberger WC, Kaseda ET, Lencer R, Reilly JL, Keedy SK, Keefe RSE, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Hill SK. Deficits in generalized cognitive ability, visual sensorimotor function, and inhibitory control represent discrete domains of neurobehavioral deficit in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:54-60. [PMID: 34392106 PMCID: PMC8464494 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are characterized by impaired cognition, yet some reports indicate specific deficits extend beyond reduced general cognitive ability. This study utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic methods to evaluate the latent structure of a broad neurocognitive battery used in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network of Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study, which included neuropsychological and neurophysiological measures in psychotic disorder probands and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Findings indicate that the factor structure of data from this set of assessments is more complex than the unitary factor of global cognitive ability underlying the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). In addition to assessing generalized cognitive ability, two other factors were identified: visual sensorimotor function and inhibitory behavioral control. This complex cognitive architecture, derived in controls, generalized to patients across the psychosis spectrum and to their unaffected relatives. These findings highlight the need for a more differentiated assessment of neurobehavioral functions in studies designed to test for diagnostically specific biomarkers, endophenotypes for gene discovery and beneficial effects of therapeutics on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L M Eskridge
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Department of Psychology, North Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - William C Hochberger
- Advanced Neurobehavioral Health of Southern California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erin T Kaseda
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Department of Psychology, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- University of Muenster, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munster, Germany
| | - James L Reilly
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Duke University, Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Psychology, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Yale University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- University of Texas-Southwestern University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John A Sweeney
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Department of Psychology, North Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Hochberger WC, Eskridge CL, Bishop JR, Reilly JL, Rubin LH, Keedy S, Gershon ES, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Ragozzino M, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Hill SK. Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype differentially contributes to the flexibility and stability of cognitive sets in patients with psychotic disorders and their first-degree relatives. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:236-241. [PMID: 32829984 PMCID: PMC7704884 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex is modulated by the low (Met) and high (Val) activity of the rs4680 Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene. While this has been related to working memory maintenance in patients with schizophrenia, the familial pattern, impact across the psychosis spectrum, and the role of this genotype on other aspects of behavior, such as cognitive flexibility, remains unclear. The relationship between COMT Val158Met genotype and both cognitive stability and flexibility were assessed using the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) in healthy controls (n = 241), patients with psychotic disorders (n = 542), and their first-degree relatives (n = 613) from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium. Higher rates of perseverative errors (poor flexibility) were associated with the low-activity COMT genotype (Met allele carriers) in probands compared to their first-degree relatives with the same genotype. Probands and first-degree relatives homozygous for the high-activity COMT enzyme (Val/Val) showed elevated rates of regressive errors (poor stability) compared to controls. Conversely, heterozygous relatives had comparable regressive error rates to controls, with probands showing elevated errors in comparison. These findings suggest that impaired suppression of learned response patterns and reduced stability of mental sets may be a familial intermediate cognitive phenotype related to Val COMT allele genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Hochberger
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Courtney L.M. Eskridge
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James L. Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United State
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Michael Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - S. Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Cole RD, Zimmerman M, Matchanova A, Kutlu MG, Gould TJ, Parikh V. Cognitive rigidity and BDNF-mediated frontostriatal glutamate neuroadaptations during spontaneous nicotine withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:866-876. [PMID: 31752015 PMCID: PMC7075915 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to switch strategic responses adaptively in changing environments. Cognitive rigidity imposed by neural circuit adaptations during nicotine abstinence may foster maladaptive nicotine taking in addicts. We systematically examined the effects of spontaneous withdrawal in mice exposed to either nicotine (6.3 or 18 mg/kg/day) or saline for 14 days on cognitive flexibility using an operant strategy set-shifting task. Because frontostriatal circuits are critical for cognitive flexibility and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates glutamate plasticity in these circuits, we also explored the effects of nicotine withdrawal on these neurochemical substrates. Mice undergoing nicotine withdrawal required more trials to attain strategy-switching criterion. Error analysis show that animals withdrawn from both nicotine doses committed higher perseverative errors, which correlated with measures of anxiety. However, animals treated with the higher nicotine dose also displayed more strategy maintenance errors that remained independent of negative affect. BDNF mRNA expression increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following nicotine withdrawal. Surprisingly, BDNF protein declined in mPFC but was elevated in dorsal striatum (DS). DS BDNF protein positively correlated with perseverative and maintenance errors, suggesting mPFC-DS overflow of BDNF during withdrawal. BDNF-evoked glutamate release and synapsin phosphorylation was attenuated within DS synapses, but enhanced in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting a dichotomous role of BDNF signaling in striatal regions. Taken together, these data suggest that spontaneous nicotine withdrawal impairs distinct components of cognitive set-shifting and these deficits may be linked to BDNF-mediated alterations in glutamate signaling dynamics in discrete frontostriatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Cole
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Matty Zimmerman
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Anastasia Matchanova
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- 0000 0001 2097 4281grid.29857.31Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Thomas J. Gould
- 0000 0001 2097 4281grid.29857.31Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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6
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Functional brain networks in never-treated and treated long-term Ill schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1940-1947. [PMID: 31163450 PMCID: PMC6784906 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the topological organization of brain function in never-treated and treated long-term schizophrenia patients. In a cross-sectional study, 21 never-treated schizophrenia patients with illness duration over 5 years, 26 illness duration-matched antipsychotic-treated patients and 24 demographically-matched healthy controls underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The topological properties of brain functional networks were compared across groups, and then we tested for differential age-related effects in regions with significant group differences. Both never-treated and antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patient groups showed altered nodal centralities in left pre-/postcentral gyri relative to controls. Never-treated patients demonstrated reduced global efficacy, decreased nodal centralities in right amygdala/hippocampus and bilateral putamen/caudate relative to antipsychotic-treated patients and controls. No significant relationships of age and altered functional metrics were seen in either patient group, and no alterations were greater in the treated group. These findings provide insight into brain function deficits over the longer-term course of schizophrenia independent from potential effects of antipsychotic medication. The presence of greater alterations in never-treated than treated patients suggests that long-term antipsychotic treatment may partially protect or enhance brain global and nodal topological function over the course of schizophrenia, notably involving the amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum that have long been associated with the disorder.
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7
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Nelson CLM, Amsbaugh HM, Reilly JL, Rosen C, Marvin RW, Ragozzino ME, Bishop JR, Sweeney JA, Hill SK. Beneficial and adverse effects of antipsychotic medication on cognitive flexibility are related to COMT genotype in first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:212-216. [PMID: 29941295 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability to flexibly shift cognitive set and to consistently maintain a new response preference using the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET). The relationship of performance errors with catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 (Val158Met) genotype (Met carriers vs. Val homozygotes) on test performance before and after antipsychotic treatment in 32 first episode psychosis (FEP) patients was examined. After treatment, patients demonstrated a mixture of beneficial and adverse cognitive outcomes that varied in relation to COMT genotype. Met carriers showed decreased perseverative and regressive errors, reflecting improved cognitive flexibility and enhanced stability of behavioral preferences, respectively. In contrast, Val homozygotes exhibited an increase in regressive errors after treatment. These findings suggest that Val homozygotes may be vulnerable to adverse effects of antipsychotic medication on cognitive processes that maintain consistent adaptive response preferences, an ability linked to the striatum in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L M Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hayley M Amsbaugh
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cherise Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Marvin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Sheffield JM, Karcher NR, Barch DM. Cognitive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:509-533. [PMID: 30343458 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension of abnormality associated with the experience of psychosis. These impairments negatively impact functional outcome, contributing to the disabling nature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. The robust and reliable nature of cognitive deficits has led researchers to explore the timing and profile of impairments, as this may elucidate different neurodevelopmental patterns in individuals who experience psychosis. Here, we review the literature on cognitive deficits across the life span of individuals with psychotic disorder and psychotic-like experiences, highlighting the dimensional nature of both psychosis and cognitive ability. We identify premorbid generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia that worsens throughout development, and stabilizes by the first-episode of psychosis, suggesting a neurodevelopmental course. Research in affective psychosis is less clear, with mixed evidence regarding premorbid deficits, but a fairly reliable generalized deficit at first-episode, which appears to worsen into the chronic state. In general, cognitive impairments are most severe in schizophrenia, intermediate in bipolar disorder, and the least severe in psychotic depression. In all groups, cognitive deficits are associated with poorer functional outcome. Finally, while the generalized deficit is the clearest and most reliable signal, data suggests specific deficits in verbal memory across all groups, specific processing speed impairments in schizophrenia and executive functioning impairments in bipolar disorder. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders that provide a window into understanding developmental course and risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Levit A, Regis AM, Garabon JR, Oh SH, Desai SJ, Rajakumar N, Hachinski V, Agca Y, Agca C, Whitehead SN, Allman BL. Behavioural inflexibility in a comorbid rat model of striatal ischemic injury and mutant hAPP overexpression. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:267-275. [PMID: 28693862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and stroke coexist and interact; yet how they interact is not sufficiently understood. Both AD and basal ganglia stroke can impair behavioural flexibility, which can be reliably modeled in rats using an established operant based set-shifting test. Transgenic Fischer 344-APP21 rats (TgF344) overexpress pathogenic human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) but do not spontaneously develop overt pathology, hence TgF344 rats can be used to model the effect of vascular injury in the prodromal stages of Alzheimer disease. We demonstrate that the injection of endothelin-1 (ET1) into the dorsal striatum of TgF344 rats (Tg-ET1) produced an exacerbation of behavioural inflexibility with a behavioural phenotype that was distinct from saline-injected wildtype & TgF344 rats as well as ET1-injected wildtype rats (Wt-ET1). In addition to profiling the types of errors made, interpolative modeling using logistic exposure-response regression provided an informative analysis of the timing and efficiency of behavioural flexibility. During set-shifting, Tg-ET1 committed fewer perseverative errors than Wt-ET1. However, Tg-ET1 committed significantly more regressive errors and had a less efficient strategy change than all other groups. Thus, behavioural flexibility was more vulnerable to striatal ischemic injury in TgF344 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levit
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Aaron M Regis
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Jessica R Garabon
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Sagar J Desai
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Nagalingam Rajakumar
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada.
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10
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Carter O, Bennett D, Nash T, Arnold S, Brown L, Cai RY, Allan Z, Dluzniak A, McAnally K, Burr D, Sundram S. Sensory integration deficits support a dimensional view of psychosis and are not limited to schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1118. [PMID: 28485725 PMCID: PMC5534945 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual dysfunction is commonplace in schizophrenia and occurs alongside cognitive, psychotic and affective symptoms of the disorder. Psychophysical evidence suggests that this dysfunction results from impairments in the integration of low-level neural signals into complex cortical representations, which may also be associated with symptom formation. Despite the symptoms of schizophrenia occurring in a range of disorders, the integration deficit has not been tested in broader patient populations. Moreover, it remains unclear whether such deficits generalize across other sensory modalities. The present study assessed patients with a range of psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders and healthy controls on visual contrast detection, visual motion integration, auditory tone detection and auditory tone integration. The sample comprised a total of 249 participants (schizophrenia spectrum disorder n=98; bipolar affective disorder n=35; major depression n=31; other psychiatric conditions n=31; and healthy controls n=54), of whom 178 completed one or more visual task and 71 completed auditory tasks. Compared with healthy controls and nonpsychotic patients, psychotic patients trans-diagnostically were impaired on both visual and auditory integration, but unimpaired in simple visual or auditory detection. Impairment in visual motion integration was correlated with the severity of positive symptoms, and could not be accounted for by a reduction in processing speed, inattention or medication effects. Our results demonstrate that impaired sensory integration is not specific to schizophrenia, as has previously been assumed. Instead, sensory deficits are closely related to the presence of positive symptoms independent of diagnosis. The finding that equivalent integrative sensory processing is impaired in audition is consistent with hypotheses that propose a generalized deficit of neural integration in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Carter
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. E-mail:
| | - D Bennett
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T Nash
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Arnold
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - L Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Y Cai
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Z Allan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Dluzniak
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K McAnally
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - D Burr
- Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Northern Psychiatry Research Centre, North Western Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Amodeo DA, Grospe G, Zang H, Dwivedi Y, Ragozzino ME. Cognitive flexibility impairment and reduced frontal cortex BDNF expression in the ouabain model of mania. Neuroscience 2017; 345:229-242. [PMID: 27267245 PMCID: PMC5136525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Central infusion of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain in rats serves as an animal model of mania because it leads to hyperactivity, as well as reproduces ion dysregulation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels similar to that observed in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also associated with cognitive inflexibility and working memory deficits. It is unknown whether ouabain treatment in rats leads to similar cognitive flexibility and working memory deficits. The present study examined the effects of an intracerebral ventricular infusion of ouabain in rats on spontaneous alternation, probabilistic reversal learning and BDNF expression levels in the frontal cortex. Ouabain treatment significantly increased locomotor activity, but did not affect alternation performance in a Y-maze. Ouabain treatment selectively impaired reversal learning in a spatial discrimination task using an 80/20 probabilistic reinforcement procedure. The reversal learning deficit in ouabain-treated rats resulted from an impaired ability to maintain a new choice pattern (increased regressive errors). Ouabain treatment also decreased sensitivity to negative feedback during the initial phase of reversal learning. Expression of BDNF mRNA and protein levels was downregulated in the frontal cortex which also negatively correlated with regressive errors. These findings suggest that the ouabain model of mania may be useful in understanding the neuropathophysiology that contributes to cognitive flexibility deficits and test potential treatments to alleviate cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Gena Grospe
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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12
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Cholinergic circuits in cognitive flexibility. Neuroscience 2017; 345:130-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Hill SK, Buchholz A, Amsbaugh H, Reilly JL, Rubin LH, Gold JM, Keefe RS, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA. Working memory impairment in probands with schizoaffective disorder and first degree relatives of schizophrenia probands extend beyond deficits predicted by generalized neuropsychological impairment. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:310-5. [PMID: 26008884 PMCID: PMC5226656 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Working memory impairment is well established in psychotic disorders. However, the relative magnitude, diagnostic specificity, familiality pattern, and degree of independence from generalized cognitive deficits across psychotic disorders remain unclear. METHOD Participants from the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study included probands with schizophrenia (N=289), psychotic bipolar disorder (N=227), schizoaffective disorder (N=165), their first-degree relatives (N=315, N=259, N=193, respectively), and healthy controls (N=289). All were administered the WMS-III Spatial Span working memory test and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) battery. RESULTS All proband groups displayed significant deficits for both forward and backward span compared to controls. However, after covarying for generalized cognitive impairments (BACS composite), all proband groups showed a 74% or greater effect size reduction with only schizoaffective probands showing residual backward span deficits compared to controls. Significant familiality was seen in schizophrenia and bipolar pedigrees. In relatives, both forward and backward span deficits were again attenuated after covarying BACS scores and residual backward span deficits were seen in relatives of schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, both probands and relatives showed a similar pattern of robust working memory deficits that were largely attenuated when controlling for generalized cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL,Corresponding author at: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Department of Psychology, 3333 Green Bay Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, Phone: (847) 578-8748,
| | - Alison Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Hayley Amsbaugh
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - James L. Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University and Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT
| | | | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
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14
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Neuroimaging data sharing on the neuroinformatics database platform. Neuroimage 2015; 124:1089-1092. [PMID: 25888923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the Neuroinformatics Database (NiDB), an open-source database platform for archiving, analysis, and sharing of neuroimaging data. Data from the multi-site projects Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes parts one and two (B-SNIP1, B-SNIP2), and Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID) are available for download from the public instance of NiDB, with more projects sharing data as it becomes available. As demonstrated by making several large datasets available, NiDB is an extensible platform appropriately suited to archive and distribute shared neuroimaging data.
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15
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Pearlson GD. Etiologic, Phenomenologic, and Endophenotypic Overlap of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2015; 11:251-81. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510;
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, Connecticut 06106
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