1
|
Wei Q, Lin S, Xu S, Zou J, Chen J, Kang M, Hu J, Liao X, Wei H, Ling Q, Shao Y, Yu Y. Graph theoretical analysis and independent component analysis of diabetic optic neuropathy: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14579. [PMID: 38497532 PMCID: PMC10945884 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group. CONCLUSION DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
- Queen Mary SchoolThe Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Si‐Min Lin
- Department of RadiologyXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - San‐Hua Xu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Min Kang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jin‐Yu Hu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Xu‐Lin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qian Ling
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu X, Kim Y, Ravid O, He X, Suarez-Jimenez B, Zilcha-Mano S, Lazarov A, Lee S, Abdallah CG, Angstadt M, Averill CL, Baird CL, Baugh LA, Blackford JU, Bomyea J, Bruce SE, Bryant RA, Cao Z, Choi K, Cisler J, Cotton AS, Daniels JK, Davenport ND, Davidson RJ, DeBellis MD, Dennis EL, Densmore M, deRoon-Cassini T, Disner SG, Hage WE, Etkin A, Fani N, Fercho KA, Fitzgerald J, Forster GL, Frijling JL, Geuze E, Gonenc A, Gordon EM, Gruber S, Grupe DW, Guenette JP, Haswell CC, Herringa RJ, Herzog J, Hofmann DB, Hosseini B, Hudson AR, Huggins AA, Ipser JC, Jahanshad N, Jia-Richards M, Jovanovic T, Kaufman ML, Kennis M, King A, Kinzel P, Koch SBJ, Koerte IK, Koopowitz SM, Korgaonkar MS, Krystal JH, Lanius R, Larson CL, Lebois LAM, Li G, Liberzon I, Lu GM, Luo Y, Magnotta VA, Manthey A, Maron-Katz A, May G, McLaughlin K, Mueller SC, Nawijn L, Nelson SM, Neufeld RWJ, Nitschke JB, O'Leary EM, Olatunji BO, Olff M, Peverill M, Phan KL, Qi R, Quidé Y, Rektor I, Ressler K, Riha P, Ross M, Rosso IM, Salminen LE, Sambrook K, Schmahl C, Shenton ME, Sheridan M, Shih C, Sicorello M, Sierk A, Simmons AN, Simons RM, Simons JS, Sponheim SR, Stein MB, Stein DJ, Stevens JS, Straube T, Sun D, Théberge J, Thompson PM, Thomopoulos SI, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, van Erp TGM, van Rooij SJH, van Zuiden M, Varkevisser T, Veltman DJ, Vermeiren RRJM, Walter H, Wang L, Wang X, Weis C, Winternitz S, Xie H, Zhu Y, Wall M, Neria Y, Morey RA. Neuroimaging-based classification of PTSD using data-driven computational approaches: A multisite big data study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD consortium. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120412. [PMID: 37858907 PMCID: PMC10842116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. However, current machine learning studies limited to small homogeneous samples, different methodologies, and different imaging collection protocols, limit the ability to directly compare and generalize their results. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls and assess the generalizability using a large heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group. METHODS We analyzed brain MRI data from 3,477 structural-MRI; 2,495 resting state-fMRI; and 1,952 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality. RESULTS We found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60 % test AUC for s-MRI, 59 % for rs-fMRI and 56 % for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history in each modality (75 % AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance. CONCLUSION These results have the potential to provide a baseline classification performance for PTSD when using large scale neuroimaging datasets. Our findings show that the control group used can heavily affect classification performance. The DVAE framework provided better generalizability for the multi-site data. This may be more significant in clinical practice since the neuroimaging-based diagnostic DVAE classification models are much less site-specific, rendering them more generalizable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoojean Kim
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orren Ravid
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Christopher L Averill
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lee A Baugh
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | | | | | - Steven E Bruce
- Center for Trauma Recovery, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyle Choi
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Josh Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emily L Dennis
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Densmore
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Seth G Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wissam El Hage
- UMR 1253, CIC 1415, University of Tours, CHRU de Tours, INSERM, France
| | | | - Negar Fani
- Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, US Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Gina L Forster
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jessie L Frijling
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Atilla Gonenc
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Staci Gruber
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey P Guenette
- Division of Neuroradiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Herringa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mitzy Kennis
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philipp Kinzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lauren A M Lebois
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Antje Manthey
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte: Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Geoffery May
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard W J Neufeld
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Bunmi O Olatunji
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kerry Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marisa Ross
- Northwestern Neighborhood and Networks Initiative, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anika Sierk
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte: Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean Théberge
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Emory University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Varkevisser
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte: Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Carissa Weis
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sherry Winternitz
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Porter A, Fei S, Damme KSF, Nusslock R, Gratton C, Mittal VA. A meta-analysis and systematic review of single vs. multimodal neuroimaging techniques in the classification of psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3278-3292. [PMID: 37563277 PMCID: PMC10618094 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in brain networks. Neuroimaging techniques map and characterize such abnormalities using unique features (e.g., structural integrity, coactivation). However, it is unclear if a specific method, or a combination of modalities, is particularly effective in identifying differences in brain networks of someone with a psychotic disorder. METHODS A systematic meta-analysis evaluated machine learning classification of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control participants using various neuroimaging modalities (i.e., T1-weighted imaging (T1), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC), or some combination (multimodal)). Criteria for manuscript inclusion included whole-brain analyses and cross-validation to provide a complete picture regarding the predictive ability of large-scale brain systems in psychosis. For this meta-analysis, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and Web of Science published between inception and March 13th 2023. Prediction results were averaged for studies using the same dataset, but parallel analyses were run that included studies with pooled sample across many datasets. We assessed bias through funnel plot asymmetry. A bivariate regression model determined whether differences in imaging modality, demographics, and preprocessing methods moderated classification. Separate models were run for studies with internal prediction (via cross-validation) and external prediction. RESULTS 93 studies were identified for quantitative review (30 T1, 9 DTI, 40 rs-FC, and 14 multimodal). As a whole, all modalities reliably differentiated those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from controls (OR = 2.64 (95%CI = 2.33 to 2.95)). However, classification was relatively similar across modalities: no differences were seen across modalities in the classification of independent internal data, and a small advantage was seen for rs-FC studies relative to T1 studies in classification in external datasets. We found large amounts of heterogeneity across results resulting in significant signs of bias in funnel plots and Egger's tests. Results remained similar, however, when studies were restricted to those with less heterogeneity, with continued small advantages for rs-FC relative to structural measures. Notably, in all cases, no significant differences were seen between multimodal and unimodal approaches, with rs-FC and unimodal studies reporting largely overlapping classification performance. Differences in demographics and analysis or denoising were not associated with changes in classification scores. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that neuroimaging approaches have promise in the classification of psychosis. Interestingly, at present most modalities perform similarly in the classification of psychosis, with slight advantages for rs-FC relative to structural modalities in some specific cases. Notably, results differed substantially across studies, with suggestions of biased effect sizes, particularly highlighting the need for more studies using external prediction and large sample sizes. Adopting more rigorous and systematized standards will add significant value toward understanding and treating this critical population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Porter
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Sihan Fei
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duda M, Faghiri A, Belger A, Bustillo JR, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Mueller BA, Pearlson GD, Potkin SG, Preda A, Sui J, Van Erp TGM, Calhoun VD. Alterations in grey matter structure linked to frequency-specific cortico-subcortical connectivity in schizophrenia via multimodal data fusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547840. [PMID: 37461731 PMCID: PMC10350020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder that is currently defined by symptomatic and behavioral, rather than biological, criteria. Neuroimaging is an appealing avenue for SZ biomarker development, as several neuroimaging-based studies comparing individuals with SZ to healthy controls (HC) have shown measurable group differences in brain structure, as well as functional brain alterations in both static and dynamic functional network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC, respectively). The recently proposed filter-banked connectivity (FBC) method extends the standard dFNC sliding-window approach to estimate FNC within an arbitrary number of distinct frequency bands. The initial implementation used a set of filters spanning the full connectivity spectral range, providing a unified approach to examine both sFNC and dFNC in a single analysis. Initial FBC results found that individuals with SZ spend more time in a less structured, more disconnected low-frequency (i.e., static) FNC state than HC, as well as preferential SZ occupancy in high-frequency connectivity states, suggesting a frequency-specific component underpinning the functional dysconnectivity observed in SZ. Building on these findings, we sought to link such frequency-specific patterns of FNC to covarying data-driven structural brain networks in the context of SZ. Specifically, we employ a multi-set canonical correlation analysis + joint independent components analysis (mCCA + jICA) data fusion framework to study the connection between grey matter volume (GMV) maps and FBC states across the full connectivity frequency spectrum. Our multimodal analysis identified two joint sources that captured co-varying patterns of frequency-specific functional connectivity and alterations in GMV with significant group differences in loading parameters between the SZ group and HC. The first joint source linked frequency-modulated connections between the subcortical and sensorimotor networks and GMV alterations in the frontal and temporal lobes, while the second joint source identified a relationship between low-frequency cerebellar-sensorimotor connectivity and structural changes in both the cerebellum and motor cortex. Together, these results show a strong connection between cortico-subcortical functional connectivity at both high and low frequencies and alterations in cortical GMV that may be relevant to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Duda
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Theo G M Van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tornero-Costa R, Martinez-Millana A, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Lazeri L, Traver V, Novillo-Ortiz D. Methodological and Quality Flaws in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Research: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e42045. [PMID: 36729567 PMCID: PMC9936371 DOI: 10.2196/42045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is giving rise to a revolution in medicine and health care. Mental health conditions are highly prevalent in many countries, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of further erosion of the mental well-being in the population. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the current status of the application of AI toward mental health research to inform about trends, gaps, opportunities, and challenges. OBJECTIVE This study aims to perform a systematic overview of AI applications in mental health in terms of methodologies, data, outcomes, performance, and quality. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Cochrane databases was conducted to collect records of use cases of AI for mental health disorder studies from January 2016 to November 2021. Records were screened for eligibility if they were a practical implementation of AI in clinical trials involving mental health conditions. Records of AI study cases were evaluated and categorized by the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). Data related to trial settings, collection methodology, features, outcomes, and model development and evaluation were extracted following the CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies) guideline. Further, evaluation of risk of bias is provided. RESULTS A total of 429 nonduplicated records were retrieved from the databases and 129 were included for a full assessment-18 of which were manually added. The distribution of AI applications in mental health was found unbalanced between ICD-11 mental health categories. Predominant categories were Depressive disorders (n=70) and Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders (n=26). Most interventions were based on randomized controlled trials (n=62), followed by prospective cohorts (n=24) among observational studies. AI was typically applied to evaluate quality of treatments (n=44) or stratify patients into subgroups and clusters (n=31). Models usually applied a combination of questionnaires and scales to assess symptom severity using electronic health records (n=49) as well as medical images (n=33). Quality assessment revealed important flaws in the process of AI application and data preprocessing pipelines. One-third of the studies (n=56) did not report any preprocessing or data preparation. One-fifth of the models were developed by comparing several methods (n=35) without assessing their suitability in advance and a small proportion reported external validation (n=21). Only 1 paper reported a second assessment of a previous AI model. Risk of bias and transparent reporting yielded low scores due to a poor reporting of the strategy for adjusting hyperparameters, coefficients, and the explainability of the models. International collaboration was anecdotal (n=17) and data and developed models mostly remained private (n=126). CONCLUSIONS These significant shortcomings, alongside the lack of information to ensure reproducibility and transparency, are indicative of the challenges that AI in mental health needs to face before contributing to a solid base for knowledge generation and for being a support tool in mental health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tornero-Costa
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez-Millana
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ledia Lazeri
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vicente Traver
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Novillo-Ortiz
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong D, Yao D, Wang Y, Hong SJ, Genon S, Xin F, Jung K, He H, Chang X, Duan M, Bernhardt BC, Margulies DS, Sepulcre J, Eickhoff SB, Luo C. Compressed sensorimotor-to-transmodal hierarchical organization in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2023; 53:771-784. [PMID: 34100349 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia has been primarily conceptualized as a disorder of high-order cognitive functions with deficits in executive brain regions. Yet due to the increasing reports of early sensory processing deficit, recent models focus more on the developmental effects of impaired sensory process on high-order functions. The present study examined whether this pathological interaction relates to an overarching system-level imbalance, specifically a disruption in macroscale hierarchy affecting integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks. METHODS We applied a novel combination of connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analysis to resting-state fMRI to characterize the sensorimotor-to-transmodal cortical hierarchy organization (96 patients v. 122 controls). RESULTS We demonstrated compression of the cortical hierarchy organization in schizophrenia, with a prominent compression from the sensorimotor region and a less prominent compression from the frontal-parietal region, resulting in a diminished separation between sensory and fronto-parietal cognitive systems. Further analyses suggested reduced differentiation related to atypical functional connectome transition from unimodal to transmodal brain areas. Specifically, we found hypo-connectivity within unimodal regions and hyper-connectivity between unimodal regions and fronto-parietal and ventral attention regions along the classical sensation-to-cognition continuum (voxel-level corrected, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The compression of cortical hierarchy organization represents a novel and integrative system-level substrate underlying the pathological interaction of early sensory and cognitive function in schizophrenia. This abnormal cortical hierarchy organization suggests cascading impairments from the disruption of the somatosensory-motor system and inefficient integration of bottom-up sensory information with attentional demands and executive control processes partially account for high-level cognitive deficits characteristic of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Faculty of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fei Xin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Kyesam Jung
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hui He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuebin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Disorders and Brain Function Key Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sendi MSE, Dini H, Bruni LE, Calhoun VD. Default mode network dynamic functional network connectivity predicts psychotic symptom severity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:247-250. [PMID: 36085610 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders affect millions of people worldwide every year. Recent studies showed that the symptomatic overlaps across neuropsychiatric disorders mislead schizophrenia and bipolar disorder diagnosis. Additionally, recent studies claimed that schizoaffective disorder as a condition overlapped with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Since symptomatic overlap among these disorders causes misdiagnosis, a need for neuroimaging biomarkers differentiating these disorders for a more accurate diagnosis is crucial. This study investigates dynamics functional network connectivity (dFNC) in the default mode network (DMN) of schizophrenia, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorder patients and compares them with their relative and healthy control. Additionally, it explored whether DMN dFNC features can predict the symptom severity of these neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we found that dFNC features can differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorder. At the same time, we did not see a significant difference between schizoaffective with other conditions. Additionally, we found dFNC features can predict symptom severity of these three conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
DeRamus TP, Wu L, Qi S, Iraji A, Silva R, Du Y, Pearlson G, Mayer A, Bustillo JR, Stromberg SF, Calhoun VD. Multimodal data fusion of cortical-subcortical morphology and functional network connectivity in psychotic spectrum disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103056. [PMID: 35709557 PMCID: PMC9207350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Overlap has been noted disorders which fall on the psychotic spectrum. Univariate studies may miss joint brain features across diagnostic categories. mCCA with jICA is paired with features across the psychotic spectrum to produce joint components. One joint component displayed a significant relationship with cognitive scores. The replicate trends of cortical-subcortical irregularity in psychotic spectrum disorders.
Multiple authors have noted overlapping symptoms and alterations across clinical, anatomical, and functional brain features in schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and bipolar disorder (BPI). However, regarding brain features, few studies have approached this line of inquiry using analytical techniques optimally designed to extract the shared features across anatomical and functional information in a simultaneous manner. Univariate studies of anatomical or functional alterations across these disorders can be limited and run the risk of omitting small but potentially crucial overlapping or joint neuroanatomical (e.g., structural images) and functional features (e.g., fMRI-based features) which may serve as informative clinical indicators of across multiple diagnostic categories. To address this limitation, we paired an unsupervised multimodal canonical correlation analysis (mCCA) together with joint independent component analysis (jICA) to identify linked spatial gray matter (GM), resting-state functional network connectivity (FNC), and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) features across these diagnostic categories. We then calculated associations between the identified linked features and trans-diagnostic behavioral measures (MATRICs Consensus Cognitive Battery, MCCB). Component number 4 of the 13 identified displayed a statistically significant relationship with overall MCCB scores across GM, resting-state FNC, and FA. These linked modalities of component 4 consisted primarily of positive correlations within subcortical structures including the caudate and putamen in the GM maps with overall MCCB, sparse negative correlations within subcortical and cortical connection tracts (e.g., corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus) in the FA maps with overall MCCB, and negative relationships with MCCB values and loading parameters with FNC matrices displaying increased FNC in subcortical-cortical regions with auditory, somatomotor, and visual regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P DeRamus
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - L Wu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - A Iraji
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Silva
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Du
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - G Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA
| | - J R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S F Stromberg
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Clinical Program, Presbyterian Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - V D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) - Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA; Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao M, Yan W, Luo N, Zhi D, Fu Z, Du Y, Yu S, Jiang T, Calhoun VD, Sui J. An attention-based hybrid deep learning framework integrating brain connectivity and activity of resting-state functional MRI data. Med Image Anal 2022; 78:102413. [PMID: 35305447 PMCID: PMC9035078 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a promising tool to investigate psychotic disorders can be decomposed into useful imaging features such as time courses (TCs) of independent components (ICs) and functional network connectivity (FNC) calculated by TC cross-correlation. TCs reflect the temporal dynamics of brain activity and the FNC characterizes temporal coherence across intrinsic brain networks. Both features have been used as input to deep learning approaches with decent results. However, few studies have tried to leverage their complementary information to learn optimal representations at multiple facets. Motivated by this, we proposed a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework integrating brain Connectivity and Activity (HDLFCA) together by combining convolutional recurrent neural network (C-RNN) and deep neural network (DNN), aiming to improve classification accuracy and interpretability simultaneously. Specifically, C-RNNAM was proposed to extract temporal dynamic dependencies with an attention module (AM) to automatically learn discriminative knowledge from TC nodes, while DNN was applied to identify the most group-discriminative FNC patterns with layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP). Then, both prediction outputs were concatenated to build a new feature matrix, generating the final decision by logistic regression. The effectiveness of HDLFCA was validated on both multi-site schizophrenia (SZ, n ∼ 1100) and public autism datasets (ABIDE, n ∼ 1522) by outperforming 12 alternative models at 2.8-8.9% accuracy, including 8 models using either static FNC or TCs and 4 models using dynamic FNC. Appreciable classification accuracy was achieved for HC vs. SZ (85.3%) and HC vs. Autism (72.4%) respectively. More importantly, the most group-discriminative brain regions can be easily attributed and visualized, providing meaningful biological interpretability and highlighting the great potential of the proposed HDLFCA model in the identification of valid neuroimaging biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weizheng Yan
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhui Du
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falakshahi H, Rokham H, Fu Z, Iraji A, Mathalon DH, Ford JM, Mueller BA, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Plis S, Calhoun VD. Path Analysis: A Method to Estimate Altered Pathways in Time-varying Graphs of Neuroimaging Data. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:634-664. [PMID: 36204419 PMCID: PMC9531579 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graph-theoretical methods have been widely used to study human brain networks in psychiatric disorders. However, the focus has primarily been on global graphic metrics with little attention to the information contained in paths connecting brain regions. Details of disruption of these paths may be highly informative for understanding disease mechanisms. To detect the absence or addition of multistep paths in the patient group, we provide an algorithm estimating edges that contribute to these paths with reference to the control group. We next examine where pairs of nodes were connected through paths in both groups by using a covariance decomposition method. We apply our method to study resting-state fMRI data in schizophrenia versus controls. Results show several disconnectors in schizophrenia within and between functional domains, particularly within the default mode and cognitive control networks. Additionally, we identify new edges generating additional paths. Moreover, although paths exist in both groups, these paths take unique trajectories and have a significant contribution to the decomposition. The proposed path analysis provides a way to characterize individuals by evaluating changes in paths, rather than just focusing on the pairwise relationships. Our results show promise for identifying path-based metrics in neuroimaging data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Falakshahi
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hooman Rokham
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergey Plis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Functional cortical associations and their intraclass correlations and heritability as revealed by the fMRI Human Connectome Project. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1459-1469. [PMID: 35292842 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We report on the functional connectivity (FC), its intraclass correlation (ICC), and heritability among 70 areas of the human cerebral cortex. FC was estimated as the Pearson correlation between averaged prewhitened Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent time series of cortical areas in 988 young adult participants in the Human Connectome Project. Pairs of areas were assigned to three groups, namely homotopic (same area in the two hemispheres), ipsilateral (both areas in the same hemisphere), and heterotopic (nonhomotopic areas in different hemispheres). ICC for each pair of areas was computed for six genetic groups, namely monozygotic (MZ) twins, dizygotic (DZ) twins, singleton siblings of MZ twins (MZsb), singleton siblings of DZ twins (DZsb), non-twin siblings (SB), and unrelated individuals (UNR). With respect to FC, we found the following. (a) Homotopic FC was stronger than ipsilateral and heterotopic FC; (b) average FCs of left and right cortical areas were highly and positively correlated; and (c) FC varied in a systematic fashion along the anterior-posterior and inferior-superior dimensions, such that it increased from anterior to posterior and from inferior to superior. With respect to ICC, we found the following. (a) Homotopic ICC was significantly higher than ipsilateral and heterotopic ICC, but the latter two did not differ significantly from each other; (b) ICC was highest for MZ twins; (c) ICC of DZ twins was significantly lower than that of the MZ twins and higher than that of the three sibling groups (MZsb, DZsb, SB); and (d) ICC was close to zero for UNR. Finally, with respect to heritability, it was highest for homotopic areas, followed by ipsilateral, and heterotopic; however, it did not differ statistically significantly from each other.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Ke P, Zang J, Wu F, Wu K. Discriminative Analysis of Schizophrenia Patients Using Topological Properties of Structural and Functional Brain Networks: A Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:785595. [PMID: 35087373 PMCID: PMC8787107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.785595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for the diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ) at the individual level is growing. However, a few studies have applied the features of structural and functional brain networks derived from multimodal MRI data to the discriminative analysis of SZ patients at different clinical stages. In this study, 205 normal controls (NCs), 61 first-episode drug-naive SZ (FESZ) patients, and 79 chronic SZ (CSZ) patients were recruited. We acquired their structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and resting-state functional MRI data and constructed brain networks for each participant, including the gray matter network (GMN), white matter network (WMN), and functional brain network (FBN). We then calculated 3 nodal properties for each brain network, including degree centrality, nodal efficiency, and betweenness centrality. Two classifications (SZ vs. NC and FESZ vs. CSZ) were performed using five ML algorithms. We found that the SVM classifier with the input features of the combination of nodal properties of both the GMN and FBN achieved the best performance to discriminate SZ patients from NCs [accuracy, 81.2%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 85.2%; p < 0.05]. Moreover, the SVM classifier with the input features of the combination of the nodal properties of both the GMN and WMN achieved the best performance to discriminate FESZ from CSZ patients (accuracy, 86.2%; AUC, 92.3%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the brain areas in the subcortical/cerebellum network and the frontoparietal network showed significant importance in both classifications. Together, our findings provide new insights to understand the neuropathology of SZ and further highlight the potential advantages of multimodal network properties for identifying SZ patients at different clinical stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Wu,
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Kai Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodrigue AL, Mastrovito D, Esteban O, Durnez J, Koenis MMG, Janssen R, Alexander-Bloch A, Knowles EM, Mathias SR, Mollon J, Pearlson GD, Frangou S, Blangero J, Poldrack RA, Glahn DC. Searching for Imaging Biomarkers of Psychotic Dysconnectivity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:1135-1144. [PMID: 33622655 PMCID: PMC8206251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in precision psychiatry is predicated on identifying reliable individual-level diagnostic biomarkers. For psychosis, measures of structural and functional connectivity could be promising biomarkers given consistent reports of dysconnectivity across psychotic disorders using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS We leveraged data from four independent cohorts of patients with psychosis and control subjects with observations from approximately 800 individuals. We used group-level analyses and two supervised machine learning algorithms (support vector machines and ridge regression) to test within-, between-, and across-sample classification performance of white matter and resting-state connectivity metrics. RESULTS Although we replicated group-level differences in brain connectivity, individual-level classification was suboptimal. Classification performance within samples was variable across folds (highest area under the curve [AUC] range = 0.30) and across datasets (average support vector machine AUC range = 0.50; average ridge regression AUC range = 0.18). Classification performance between samples was similarly variable or resulted in AUC values of approximately 0.65, indicating a lack of model generalizability. Furthermore, collapsing across samples (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, N = 888; diffusion tensor imaging, N = 860) did not improve model performance (maximal AUC = 0.67). Ridge regression models generally outperformed support vector machine models, although classification performance was still suboptimal in terms of clinical relevance. Adjusting for demographic covariates did not greatly affect results. CONCLUSIONS Connectivity measures were not suitable as diagnostic biomarkers for psychosis as assessed in this study. Our results do not negate that other approaches may be more successful, although it is clear that a systematic approach to individual-level classification with large independent validation samples is necessary to properly vet neuroimaging features as diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dana Mastrovito
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Oscar Esteban
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joke Durnez
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Marinka M G Koenis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Ronald Janssen
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emma M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas of the Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
| | | | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reduced intrinsic neural timescales in schizophrenia along posterior parietal and occipital areas. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 34811376 PMCID: PMC8608811 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We computed intrinsic neural timescales (INT) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data of healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) from three independently collected samples. Five clusters showed decreased INT in SZ compared to HC in all three samples: right occipital fusiform gyrus (rOFG), left superior occipital gyrus (lSOG), right superior occipital gyrus (rSOG), left lateral occipital cortex (lLOC) and right postcentral gyrus (rPG). In other words, it appears that sensory information in visual and posterior parietal areas is stored for reduced lengths of time in SZ compared to HC. Finally, we found that symptom severity appears to modulate INT of these areas in SZ.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hilland E, Johannessen C, Jonassen R, Alnæs D, Jørgensen KN, Barth C, Andreou D, Nerland S, Wortinger LA, Smelror RE, Wedervang-Resell K, Bohman H, Lundberg M, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA, Jönsson EG, Agartz I. Aberrant default mode connectivity in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: A resting state fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 33:102881. [PMID: 34883402 PMCID: PMC8662331 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal default mode network (DMN) connectivity has been found in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, there are limited studies on early onset psychosis (EOP), and their results show lack of agreement. Here, we investigated within-network DMN connectivity in EOP compared to healthy controls (HC), and its relationship to clinical characteristics. A sample of 68 adolescent patients with EOP (mean age 16.53 ± 1.12 [SD] years, females 66%) and 95 HC (mean age 16.24 ± 1.50 [SD], females 60%) from two Scandinavian cohorts underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). A group independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to identify the DMN across all participants. Dual regression was used to estimate spatial maps reflecting each participant's DMN network, which were compared between EOP and HC using voxel-wise general linear models and permutation-based analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed within the patient group, to explore associations between diagnostic subcategories and current use of psychotropic medication in relation to connectivity strength. The analysis revealed significantly reduced DMN connectivity in EOP compared to HC in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, fusiform cortex, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, and insula. The subgroup analysis in the EOP group showed strongest deviations for affective psychosis, followed by other psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. There was no association between DMN connectivity strength and the current use of psychotropic medication. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate weaker DMN connectivity in adolescent patients with EOP compared to healthy peers, and differential effects across diagnostic subcategories, which may inform our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms in EOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hilland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Johannessen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil N Jørgensen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stener Nerland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura A Wortinger
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar E Smelror
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannes Bohman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van Haaren M, de Jong S, Roeg DPK. The foundations of the working alliance in assertive community treatment teams. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:559. [PMID: 34758777 PMCID: PMC8582115 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to identify and define the fundamental components of the working alliance in multidisciplinary (Flexible) Assertive Community Treatment teams with shared caseloads, in order to support their daily practice and further research. METHODS After reviewing the literature, concept mapping with professionals and clients was used to define the working alliance in (F) ACT teams. The resulting concept maps formed the basis for the working alliance assessment instrument, which was pilot tested with professionals and clients through cognitive interviews with a think-aloud procedure. RESULTS The study led to the development of a twenty five-item assessment instrument to evaluate working alliances in multidisciplinary teams (WAM) that was comprised of three subscales: bond, task/goal and team. Two different versions were developed for clients and professionals. CONCLUSIONS The WAM instrument was developed to determine the quality of the working alliance in (F) ACT teams. Future research will focus on testing its psychometric properties and predictive value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. van Haaren
- grid.491104.9Department of Outpatient Psychiatry/Department of Forensic Psychiatry, GGzE Direct/De Woenselse Poort, GGzE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - S. de Jong
- grid.468630.f0000 0004 0631 9338Research Department, Lentis Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D. P. K. Roeg
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands/Tranzo & Kwintes Supported Housing, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Zeist, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Starke G, De Clercq E, Borgwardt S, Elger BS. Computing schizophrenia: ethical challenges for machine learning in psychiatry. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2515-2521. [PMID: 32536358 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning (ML) promise far-reaching improvements across medical care, not least within psychiatry. While to date no psychiatric application of ML constitutes standard clinical practice, it seems crucial to get ahead of these developments and address their ethical challenges early on. Following a short general introduction concerning ML in psychiatry, we do so by focusing on schizophrenia as a paradigmatic case. Based on recent research employing ML to further the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of schizophrenia, we discuss three hypothetical case studies of ML applications with view to their ethical dimensions. Throughout this discussion, we follow the principlist framework by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress to analyse potential problems in detail. In particular, we structure our analysis around their principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. We conclude with a call for cautious optimism concerning the implementation of ML in psychiatry if close attention is paid to the particular intricacies of psychiatric disorders and its success evaluated based on tangible clinical benefit for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Starke
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernice Simone Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center of Legal Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui LB, Zhang YJ, Lu HL, Liu L, Zhang HJ, Fu YF, Wu XS, Xu YQ, Li XS, Qiao YT, Qin W, Yin H, Cao F. Thalamus Radiomics-Based Disease Identification and Prediction of Early Treatment Response for Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682777. [PMID: 34290581 PMCID: PMC8289251 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests structural and functional disruptions of the thalamus in schizophrenia, but whether thalamus abnormalities are able to be used for disease identification and prediction of early treatment response in schizophrenia remains to be determined. This study aims at developing and validating a method of disease identification and prediction of treatment response by multi-dimensional thalamic features derived from magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia patients using radiomics approaches. Methods A total of 390 subjects, including patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, participated in this study, among which 109 out of 191 patients had clinical characteristics of early outcome (61 responders and 48 non-responders). Thalamus-based radiomics features were extracted and selected. The diagnostic and predictive capacity of multi-dimensional thalamic features was evaluated using radiomics approach. Results Using radiomics features, the classifier accurately discriminated patients from healthy controls, with an accuracy of 68%. The features were further confirmed in prediction and random forest of treatment response, with an accuracy of 75%. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a radiomics approach by multiple thalamic features to identify schizophrenia and predict early treatment response. Thalamus-based classification could be promising to apply in schizophrenia definition and treatment selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Biao Cui
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu-Sha Wu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Sa Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ting Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Cao
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi D, Li Y, Zhang H, Yao X, Wang S, Wang G, Ren K. Machine Learning of Schizophrenia Detection with Structural and Functional Neuroimaging. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9963824. [PMID: 34211615 PMCID: PMC8208855 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric illness, and it affects around 1% of the general population; however, its reliable diagnosis is challenging. Functional MRI (fMRI) and structural MRI (sMRI) are useful techniques for investigating the functional and structural abnormalities of the human brain, and a growing number of studies have reported that multimodal brain data can improve diagnostic accuracy. Machine learning (ML) is widely used in the diagnosis of neuroscience and neuropsychiatry diseases, and it can obtain high accuracy. However, the conventional ML which concatenated the features into a longer feature vector could not be sufficiently effective to combine different features from different modalities. There are considerable controversies over the use of global signal regression (GSR), and few studies have explored the role of GSR in ML in diagnosing neurological diseases. The current study utilized fMRI and sMRI data to implement a new method named multimodal imaging and multilevel characterization with multiclassifier (M3) to classify SZs and healthy controls (HCs) and investigate the influence of GSR in SZ classification. We found that when we used Brainnetome 246 atlas and without performed GSR, our method obtained a classification accuracy of 83.49%, with a sensitivity of 68.69%, a specificity of 93.75%, and an AUC of 0.8491, respectively. We also got great classification performances with different processing methods (with/without GSR and different brain parcellation schemes). We found that the accuracy and specificity of the models without GSR were higher than that of the models with GSR. Our findings indicate that the M3 method is an effective tool to distinguish SZs from HCs, and it can identify discriminative regions to detect SZ to explore the neural mechanisms underlying SZ. The global signal may contain important neuronal information; it can improve the accuracy and specificity of SZ detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Guangsong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai JW, Ang CKE, Acharya UR, Cheong KH. Schizophrenia: A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Techniques Applied to Detection and Classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6099. [PMID: 34198829 PMCID: PMC8201065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence in healthcare employs machine learning algorithms to emulate human cognition in the analysis of complicated or large sets of data. Specifically, artificial intelligence taps on the ability of computer algorithms and software with allowable thresholds to make deterministic approximate conclusions. In comparison to traditional technologies in healthcare, artificial intelligence enhances the process of data analysis without the need for human input, producing nearly equally reliable, well defined output. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health condition that affects millions worldwide, with impairment in thinking and behaviour that may be significantly disabling to daily living. Multiple artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been utilized to analyze the different components of schizophrenia, such as in prediction of disease, and assessment of current prevention methods. These are carried out in hope of assisting with diagnosis and provision of viable options for individuals affected. In this paper, we review the progress of the use of artificial intelligence in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Weijia Lai
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
| | - Candice Ke En Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
- MOH Holdings Pte Ltd, 1 Maritime Square, Singapore 099253, Singapore
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Clementi 599491, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore; (J.W.L.); (C.K.E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sendi MSE, Zendehrouh E, Ellis CA, Liang Z, Fu Z, Mathalon DH, Ford JM, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Miller RL, Pearlson GD, Turner JA, Calhoun VD. Aberrant Dynamic Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in Schizophrenia and Links to Symptom Severity. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:649417. [PMID: 33815070 PMCID: PMC8013735 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.649417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia affects around 1% of the global population. Functional connectivity extracted from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has previously been used to study schizophrenia and has great potential to provide novel insights into the disorder. Some studies have shown abnormal functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) of individuals with schizophrenia, and more recent studies have shown abnormal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in individuals with schizophrenia. However, DMN dFC and the link between abnormal DMN dFC and symptom severity have not been well-characterized. Method: Resting-state fMRI data from subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) across two datasets were analyzed independently. We captured seven maximally independent subnodes in the DMN by applying group independent component analysis and estimated dFC between subnode time courses using a sliding window approach. A clustering method separated the dFCs into five reoccurring brain states. A feature selection method modeled the difference between SZs and HCs using the state-specific FC features. Finally, we used the transition probability of a hidden Markov model to characterize the link between symptom severity and dFC in SZ subjects. Results: We found decreases in the connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and increases in the connectivity between the precuneus (PCu) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (i.e., PCu/PCC) of SZ subjects. In SZ, the transition probability from a state with weaker PCu/PCC and stronger ACC connectivity to a state with stronger PCu/PCC and weaker ACC connectivity increased with symptom severity. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate DMN dFC and its link to schizophrenia symptom severity. We identified reproducible neural states in a data-driven manner and demonstrated that the strength of connectivity within those states differed between SZs and HCs. Additionally, we identified a relationship between SZ symptom severity and the dynamics of DMN functional connectivity. We validated our results across two datasets. These results support the potential of dFC for use as a biomarker of schizophrenia and shed new light upon the relationship between schizophrenia and DMN dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. E. Sendi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charles A. Ellis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhijia Liang
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Robyn L. Miller
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen J, Li X, Calhoun VD, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Wang L, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Jönsson E, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Macciardi F, O'Leary DS, Liu J, Ji S. Sparse deep neural networks on imaging genetics for schizophrenia case-control classification. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2556-2568. [PMID: 33724588 PMCID: PMC8090768 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning methods hold strong promise for identifying biomarkers for clinical application. However, current approaches for psychiatric classification or prediction do not allow direct interpretation of original features. In the present study, we introduce a sparse deep neural network (DNN) approach to identify sparse and interpretable features for schizophrenia (SZ) case–control classification. An L0‐norm regularization is implemented on the input layer of the network for sparse feature selection, which can later be interpreted based on importance weights. We applied the proposed approach on a large multi‐study cohort with gray matter volume (GMV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for SZ classification. A total of 634 individuals served as training samples, and the classification model was evaluated for generalizability on three independent datasets of different scanning protocols (N = 394, 255, and 160, respectively). We examined the classification power of pure GMV features, as well as combined GMV and SNP features. Empirical experiments demonstrated that sparse DNN slightly outperformed independent component analysis + support vector machine (ICA + SVM) framework, and more effectively fused GMV and SNP features for SZ discrimination, with an average error rate of 28.98% on external data. The importance weights suggested that the DNN model prioritized to select frontal and superior temporal gyrus for SZ classification with high sparsity, with parietal regions further included with lower sparsity, echoing previous literature. The results validate the application of the proposed approach to SZ classification, and promise extended utility on other data modalities and traits which ultimately may result in clinically useful tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel S O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS): (Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shihao Ji
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu Q, Huang H, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Zhou J, Tang Y, Zhang T, Sun J, Yao D, Luo C, Li C, Wang J. Temporoparietal Connectivity Within Default Mode Network Associates With Clinical Improvements in Schizophrenia Following Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:768279. [PMID: 35058815 PMCID: PMC8763790 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been reported to be effective for the treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ), its action mechanism is unclear. To elucidate the underlying ECT mechanisms of SCZ, this study used a longitudinal cohort including 21 SCZ patients receiving only antipsychotics (DSZ group) and 21 SCZ patients receiving a regular course of ECT combining with antipsychotics (MSZ group) for 4 weeks. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline (t1) and follow-up (t2) time points. A matched healthy control (HC) group included 23 individuals who were only scanned at baseline. Functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN) was evaluated before and after ECT. Significant interaction of the group over time was found in FC between angular gyrus (AG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Post-hoc analysis showed a significantly enhanced FC of left AG(AG.L) and right MTG (MTG.R) in the MSZ group relative to the DSZ group. In addition, the right AG (AG.R) showed significantly enhanced FC between MTG.R and left MTG (MTG.L) after ECT in the MSZ group, but no in the DSZ group. In particular, the FCs change in AG.L-MTG.R and AG.R-MTG.R were positively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative score reduction. Furthermore, the FC change in AG.L-MTG.R was also positively correlated with the PANSS general psychopathology score reduction. These findings confirmed a potential relationship between ECT inducing hyperconnectivity within DMN and improvements in symptomatology of SCZ, suggesting that ECT controls mental symptoms by regulating the temporoparietal connectivity within DMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Jiao
- School of BIomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of BIomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of BIomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Najafpour Z, Fatemi A, Goudarzi Z, Goudarzi R, Shayanfard K, Noorizadeh F. Cost-effectiveness of neuroimaging technologies in management of psychiatric and insomnia disorders: A meta-analysis and prospective cost analysis. J Neuroradiol 2021; 48:348-358. [PMID: 33383065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal diagnostic strategy for patients with psychiatric and insomnia disorders has not been established yet. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of six neuroimaging technologies in diagnosis of patients with psychiatric and insomnia disorders. METHODS An economic evaluation study was conducted in three parts, including a systematic review for determining diagnostic accuracy, a descriptive cross-sectional study with Activity-Based Costing (ABC) technique for tracing resource consumption, and a cost-effectiveness analysis using a short-term decision-analytic model. RESULTS In the first phase, 93 diagnostic accuracy studies were included in the systematic review. The accumulated results (meta-analysis) showed that the highest diagnostic accuracy for psychiatric and insomnia disorders was attributed to PET (sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%) and MRI (sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 78%) respectively. In the second phase of the study, we calculated the cost of each technology. The results showed that MRI has the lowest cost. Based on the results in the model of cost-effectiveness sMRI ($ 50.08 per accurate diagnosis) and MRI ($ 58.54 per accurate diagnosis) were more cost-effective neuroimaging technologies. CONCLUSION In psychiatric disorders, no single strategy was characterized by both low cost and high accuracy. However, MRI and PET scan had lower cost and higher accuracy for psychiatric disorders, respectively. MRI was the least costly with the highest diagnostic accuracy in insomnia disorders. Based on our model, sMRI in psychiatric disorders and MRI in insomnia disorders were the most cost-effective technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Najafpour
- Department of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Asieh Fatemi
- Dpartment of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Zahra Goudarzi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Goudarzi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Farsad Noorizadeh
- Basir Eye Health Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cortical abnormalities and identification for first-episode schizophrenia via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Sun X, Liu J, Ma Q, Duan J, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu K, Wang F, Tang Y, He Y, Xia M. Disrupted Intersubject Variability Architecture in Functional Connectomes in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:837-848. [PMID: 33135075 PMCID: PMC8084432 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with remarkable intersubject variability in clinical presentations. Previous neuroimaging studies in SCZ have primarily focused on identifying group-averaged differences in the brain connectome between patients and healthy controls (HCs), largely neglecting the intersubject differences among patients. We acquired whole-brain resting-state functional MRI data from 121 SCZ patients and 183 HCs and examined the intersubject variability of the functional connectome (IVFC) in SCZ patients and HCs. Between-group differences were determined using permutation analysis. Then, we evaluated the relationship between IVFC and clinical variables in SCZ. Finally, we used datasets of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) to assess the specificity of IVFC alteration in SCZ. The whole-brain IVFC pattern in the SCZ group was generally similar to that in HCs. Compared with the HC group, the SCZ group exhibited higher IVFC in the bilateral sensorimotor, visual, auditory, and subcortical regions. Moreover, altered IVFC was negatively correlated with age of onset, illness duration, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores and positively correlated with clinical heterogeneity. Although the SCZ shared altered IVFC in the visual cortex with BD and MDD, the alterations of IVFC in the sensorimotor, auditory, and subcortical cortices were specific to SCZ. The alterations of whole-brain IVFC in SCZ have potential implications for the understanding of the high clinical heterogeneity of SCZ and the future individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; tel: +86-10-58802036, fax: +86-10-58802036, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan L, Su J, Qin J, Hu D, Shen H. A Deep Network Model on Dynamic Functional Connectivity With Applications to Gender Classification and Intelligence Prediction. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:881. [PMID: 33013292 PMCID: PMC7461846 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that the dynamic properties of functional brain networks are related to individual behaviors and cognition traits. However, current fMRI-based approaches mostly focus on statistical characteristics of the windowed correlation time course, potentially overlooking subtle time-varying patterns in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). Here, we proposed the use of an end-to-end deep learning model that combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network to capture temporal and spatial features of functional connectivity sequences simultaneously. The results on a large cohort (Human Connectome Project, n = 1,050) demonstrated that our model could achieve a high classification accuracy of about 93% in a gender classification task and prediction accuracies of 0.31 and 0.49 (Pearson's correlation coefficient) in fluid and crystallized intelligence prediction tasks, significantly outperforming previously reported models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our model could effectively learn spatiotemporal dynamics underlying dFC with high statistical significance based on the null hypothesis estimated using surrogate data. Overall, this study suggests the advantages of a deep learning model in making full use of dynamic information in resting-state functional connectivity, and highlights the potential of time-varying connectivity patterns in improving the prediction of individualized characterization of demographics and cognition traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin D, Wang P, Zalesky A, Liu B, Song C, Wang D, Xu K, Yang H, Zhang Z, Yao H, Zhou B, Han T, Zuo N, Han Y, Lu J, Wang Q, Yu C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Jiang T, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Grab-AD: Generalizability and reproducibility of altered brain activity and diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's Disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3379-3391. [PMID: 32364666 PMCID: PMC7375114 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disruptions in brain activity and networks. However, there is substantial inconsistency among studies that have investigated functional brain alterations in AD; such contradictions have hindered efforts to elucidate the core disease mechanisms. In this study, we aim to comprehensively characterize AD-associated functional brain alterations using one of the world's largest resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) biobank for the disorder. The biobank includes fMRI data from six neuroimaging centers, with a total of 252 AD patients, 221 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 215 healthy comparison individuals. Meta-analytic techniques were used to unveil reliable differences in brain function among the three groups. Relative to the healthy comparison group, AD was associated with significantly reduced functional connectivity and local activity in the default-mode network, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus, along with increased connectivity or local activity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus (p < .05, Bonferroni corrected). Moreover, these functional alterations were significantly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment (AD and MCI groups) and amyloid-β burden. Machine learning models were trained to recognize key fMRI features to predict individual diagnostic status and clinical score. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation established that diagnostic status (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.85) and clinical score (mean correlation coefficient between predicted and actual Mini-Mental State Examination scores: 0.56, p < .0001) could be predicted with high accuracy. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential for a reproducible and generalizable functional brain imaging biomarker to aid the early diagnosis of AD and track its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of NeurologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJi'nanChina
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJi'nanChina
| | - Kaibin Xu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Hongxiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tong Han
- Department of RadiologyTianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Nianming Zuo
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying Han
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersBeijingChina
- Center of Alzheimer's DiseaseBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJi'nanChina
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of RadiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xinqing Zhang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of NeurologyTianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center & National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lei D, Pinaya WHL, van Amelsvoort T, Marcelis M, Donohoe G, Mothersill DO, Corvin A, Gill M, Vieira S, Huang X, Lui S, Scarpazza C, Young J, Arango C, Bullmore E, Qiyong G, McGuire P, Mechelli A. Detecting schizophrenia at the level of the individual: relative diagnostic value of whole-brain images, connectome-wide functional connectivity and graph-based metrics. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1852-1861. [PMID: 31391132 PMCID: PMC7477363 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using resting-state functional neuroimaging have revealed alterations in whole-brain images, connectome-wide functional connectivity and graph-based metrics in groups of patients with schizophrenia relative to groups of healthy controls. However, it is unclear which of these measures best captures the neural correlates of this disorder at the level of the individual patient. METHODS Here we investigated the relative diagnostic value of these measures. A total of 295 patients with schizophrenia and 452 healthy controls were investigated using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging at five research centres. Connectome-wide functional networks were constructed by thresholding correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, and their topological properties were analyzed using graph theory-based methods. Single-subject classification was performed using three machine learning (ML) approaches associated with varying degrees of complexity and abstraction, namely logistic regression, support vector machine and deep learning technology. RESULTS Connectome-wide functional connectivity allowed single-subject classification of patients and controls with higher accuracy (average: 81%) than both whole-brain images (average: 53%) and graph-based metrics (average: 69%). Classification based on connectome-wide functional connectivity was driven by a distributed bilateral network including the thalamus and temporal regions. CONCLUSION These results were replicated across the three employed ML approaches. Connectome-wide functional connectivity permits differentiation of patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls at single-subject level with greater accuracy; this pattern of results is consistent with the 'dysconnectivity hypothesis' of schizophrenia, which states that the neural basis of the disorder is best understood in terms of system-level functional connectivity alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Du Lei
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Walter H. L. Pinaya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherland
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherland
- Mental Health Care Institute Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology & Center for neuroimaging and Cognitive genomics, NUI Galway University, Galway, Ireland
| | - David O. Mothersill
- School of Psychology & Center for neuroimaging and Cognitive genomics, NUI Galway University, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Vieira
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jonathan Young
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- IXICO plc, London, UK
| | - Celso Arango
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon. School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid. IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edward Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gong Qiyong
- Departments of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Andrea Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Okuneye VT, Meda S, Pearlson GD, Clementz BA, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Ivleva E, Sweeney JA, Gershon ES, Keedy SK. Resting state auditory-language cortex connectivity is associated with hallucinations in clinical and biological subtypes of psychotic disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102358. [PMID: 32745995 PMCID: PMC7398970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transdiagnostic evidence for neural disruption in psychotic hallucinations. Hallucinations associated increased connectivity in auditory association cortex. Brain regions for auditory-verbal language comprehension linked to hallucinations. Interhemispheric connectivity alterations related to subgroup-specific findings. Hallucinations link to auditory rs-connectivity tested in 243 psychosis patients.
Background Auditory hallucinations are prevalent across the major psychotic disorders, but their underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Limited prior work supports a hypothesis of altered auditory/language brain systems. To more definitively assess this, we examined whether alterations in resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortices are associated with hallucination severity in a large sample of individuals in the schizo-bipolar spectrum. Methods Whole brain resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortex (primary auditory cortex, unimodal auditory association cortex, Wernicke’s area [speech and heteromodal association cortex] and Broca’s area [speech production motor]) was evaluated for 243 subjects with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar disorder with psychosis and 186 healthy controls from the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate whether resting state connectivity of auditory and language cortex was a significant predictor of current overall hallucination severity (information about specific modality of hallucinations experienced was not available). Results Increased connectivity between lower and higher order regions of left temporal-parietal auditory/language processing cortex was associated with worse hallucination severity for all psychosis patients. Additionally, within bipolar subjects, increased interhemispheric connectivity between higher order temporal-parietal auditory/language regions was related to greater hallucination severity. When patients were categorized by B-SNIP biomarker-based Biotype groups, interhemispheric connectivity between left auditory association cortex and right core auditory cortex was related to greater hallucination severity for Biotype 1 patients. Exploratory analyses resulted in different patterns of connectivity of auditory/language cortex in patients and controls, unrelated to current hallucination severity. Conclusions Although the findings cannot be precisely attributed to auditory hallucination severity or possible differences in such experiences between groups, increased connectivity among the left hemisphere auditory and receptive language cortex may represent a significant factor contributing to hallucination severity across psychotic disorders, and additional subgroup specific connectivity alterations may also be present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Okuneye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | - Elena Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma Q, Tang Y, Wang F, Liao X, Jiang X, Wei S, Mechelli A, He Y, Xia M. Transdiagnostic Dysfunctions in Brain Modules Across Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Connectome-Based Study. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:699-712. [PMID: 31755957 PMCID: PMC7147584 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), share clinical and neurobiological features. Because previous investigations of functional dysconnectivity have mainly focused on single disorders, the transdiagnostic alterations in the functional connectome architecture of the brain remain poorly understood. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 512 participants, including 121 with SCZ, 100 with BD, 108 with MDD, and 183 healthy controls. Individual functional brain connectomes were constructed in a voxelwise manner, and the modular architectures were examined at different scales, including (1) global modularity, (2) module-specific segregation and intra- and intermodular connections, and (3) nodal participation coefficients. The correlation of these modular measures with clinical scores was also examined. We reliably identify common alterations in modular organization in patients compared to controls, including (1) lower global modularity; (2) lower modular segregation in the frontoparietal, subcortical, visual, and sensorimotor modules driven by more intermodular connections; and (3) higher participation coefficients in several network connectors (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus) and the thalamus. Furthermore, the alterations in the SCZ group are more widespread than those of the BD and MDD groups and involve more intermodular connections, lower modular segregation and higher connector integrity. These alterations in modular organization significantly correlate with clinical scores in patients. This study demonstrates common hyper-integrated modular architectures of functional brain networks among patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD. These findings reveal a transdiagnostic mechanism of network dysfunction across psychiatric disorders from a connectomic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Andrea Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yong He
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mennigen E, Jolles DD, Hegarty CE, Gupta M, Jalbrzikowski M, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Karlsgodt KH, Bearden CE. State-Dependent Functional Dysconnectivity in Youth With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:408-421. [PMID: 31219595 PMCID: PMC7442416 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis spectrum disorders are conceptualized as neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by disruption of large-scale functional brain networks. Dynamic functional dysconnectivity has been described in patients with schizophrenia and in help-seeking individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Less is known, about developmental aspects of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) associated with psychotic symptoms (PS) in the general population. Here, we investigate resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data using established dFNC methods in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (ages 8-22 years), including 129 participants experiencing PS and 452 participants without PS (non-PS). Functional networks were identified using group spatial independent component analysis. A sliding window approach and k-means clustering were applied to covariance matrices of all functional networks to identify recurring whole-brain connectivity states. PS-associated dysconnectivity of default mode, salience, and executive networks occurred only in a few states, whereas dysconnectivity in the sensorimotor and visual systems in PS youth was more pervasive, observed across multiple states. This study provides new evidence that disruptions of dFNC are present even at the less severe end of the psychosis continuum in youth, complementing previous work on help-seeking and clinically diagnosed cohorts that represent the more severe end of this spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mennigen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dietsje D Jolles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine E Hegarty
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +1 310 825 3458, fax: +1 310 825 6766, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai X, Xie D, Madsen KH, Wang Y, Bögemann SA, Cheung EFC, Møller A, Chan RCK. Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting-state functional MRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:172-184. [PMID: 31571320 PMCID: PMC7268030 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning has increasingly been applied to classification of schizophrenia in neuroimaging research. However, direct replication studies and studies seeking to investigate generalizability are scarce. To address these issues, we assessed within-site and between-site generalizability of a machine learning classification framework which achieved excellent performance in a previous study using two independent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets collected from different sites and scanners. We established within-site generalizability of the classification framework in the main data set using cross-validation. Then, we trained a model in the main data set and investigated between-site generalization in the validated data set using external validation. Finally, recognizing the poor between-site generalization performance, we updated the unsupervised algorithm to investigate if transfer learning using additional unlabeled data were able to improve between-site classification performance. Cross-validation showed that the published classification procedure achieved an accuracy of 0.73 using majority voting across all selected components. External validation found a classification accuracy of 0.55 (not significant) and 0.70 (significant) using the direct and transfer learning procedures, respectively. The failure of direct generalization from one site to another demonstrates the limitation of within-site cross-validation and points toward the need to incorporate efforts to facilitate application of machine learning across multiple data sets. The improvement in performance with transfer learning highlights the importance of taking into account the properties of data when constructing predictive models across samples and sites. Our findings suggest that machine learning classification result based on a single study should be interpreted cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Jie Xie
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher EducationZhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kristoffer H. Madsen
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer ScienceTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Yong‐Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Sophie Alida Bögemann
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
| | | | - Arne Møller
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li F, Wu D, Lui S, Gong Q, Sweeney JA. Clinical Strategies and Technical Challenges in Psychoradiology. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019; 30:1-13. [PMID: 31759566 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychoradiology is an emerging discipline at the intersection between radiology and psychiatry. It holds promise for playing a role in clinical diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response and prognosis, and illness risk prediction for patients with psychiatric disorders. Addressing complex issues, such as the biological heterogeneity of psychiatric syndromes and unclear neurobiological mechanisms underpinning radiological abnormalities, is a challenge that needs to be resolved. With the advance of multimodal imaging and more efforts in standardization of image acquisition and analysis, psychoradiology is becoming a promising tool for the future of clinical care for patients with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongsheng Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Suite 3200, 260 Stetson Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Han S, Wang Y, Liao W, Duan X, Guo J, Yu Y, Ye L, Li J, Chen X, Chen H. The distinguishing intrinsic brain circuitry in treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Ensemble learning classification. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
37
|
Badhwar A, Collin-Verreault Y, Orban P, Urchs S, Chouinard I, Vogel J, Potvin O, Duchesne S, Bellec P. Multivariate consistency of resting-state fMRI connectivity maps acquired on a single individual over 2.5 years, 13 sites and 3 vendors. Neuroimage 2019; 205:116210. [PMID: 31593793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) are increasingly collecting data at multiple sites in order to speed up recruitment or increase sample size. The main objective of this study was to assess the long-term consistency of rsfMRI connectivity maps derived at multiple sites and vendors using the Canadian Dementia Imaging Protocol (CDIP, www.cdip-pcid.ca). Nine to 10 min of functional BOLD images were acquired from an adult cognitively healthy volunteer scanned repeatedly at 13 Canadian sites on three scanner makes (General Electric, Philips and Siemens) over the course of 2.5 years. The consistency (spatial Pearson's correlation) of rsfMRI connectivity maps for seven canonical networks ranged from 0.3 to 0.8, with a negligible effect of time, but significant site and vendor effects. We noted systematic differences in data quality (i.e. head motion, number of useable time frames, temporal signal-to-noise ratio) across vendors, which may also confound some of these results, and could not be disentangled in this sample. We also pooled the long-term longitudinal data with a single-site, short-term (1 month) data sample acquired on 26 subjects (10 scans per subject), called HNU1. Using randomly selected pairs of scans from each subject, we quantified the ability of a data-driven unsupervised cluster analysis to match two scans of the same subjects. In this "fingerprinting" experiment, we found that scans from the Canadian subject (Csub) could be matched with high accuracy intra-site (>95% for some networks), but that the accuracy decreased substantially for scans drawn from different sites and vendors, even falling outside of the range of accuracies observed in HNU1. Overall, our results demonstrate good multivariate stability of rsfMRI measures over several years, but substantial impact of scanning site and vendors. How detrimental these effects are will depend on the application, yet our results demonstrate that new methods for harmonizing multisite analysis represent an important area for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AmanPreet Badhwar
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Yannik Collin-Verreault
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Pierre Orban
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sebastian Urchs
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada; McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre CERVO, Quebec City Mental Health Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre CERVO, Quebec City Mental Health Institute, Quebec, Canada; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mullier E, Roine T, Griffa A, Xin L, Baumann PS, Klauser P, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Alemàn-Gómez Y, Gruetter R, Conus P, Do KQ, Hagmann P. N-Acetyl-Cysteine Supplementation Improves Functional Connectivity Within the Cingulate Cortex in Early Psychosis: A Pilot Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:478-487. [PMID: 31283822 PMCID: PMC6672595 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that redox dysregulation, which can lead to oxidative stress and eventually to impairment of oligodendrocytes and parvalbumin interneurons, may underlie brain connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we previously reported that levels of brain antioxidant glutathione in the medial prefrontal cortex were positively correlated with increased functional connectivity along the cingulum bundle in healthy controls but not in early psychosis patients. In a recent randomized controlled trial, we observed that 6-month supplementation with a glutathione precursor, N-acetyl-cysteine, increased brain glutathione levels and improved symptomatic expression and processing speed. METHODS We investigated the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation on the functional connectivity between regions of the cingulate cortex, which have been linked to positive symptoms and processing speed decline. In this pilot study, we compared structural connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity between early psychosis patients treated with 6-month N-acetyl-cysteine (n = 9) or placebo (n = 11) supplementation with sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 74). RESULTS We observed that 6-month N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation increases functional connectivity along the cingulum and more precisely between the caudal anterior part and the isthmus of the cingulate cortex. These functional changes can be partially explained by an increase of centrality of these regions in the functional brain network. CONCLUSIONS N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation has a positive effect on functional connectivity within the cingulate cortex in early psychosis patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting that increased brain glutathione levels via N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation may improve brain functional connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Mullier
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence: Emeline Mullier, Centre de recherche en Radiologie RC7, CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Suisse ()
| | - Timo Roine
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Dutch Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lijing Xin
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Alemàn-Gómez
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre d’Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP), Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP), Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Salman MS, Du Y, Lin D, Fu Z, Fedorov A, Damaraju E, Sui J, Chen J, Mayer AR, Posse S, Mathalon DH, Ford JM, Van Erp T, Calhoun VD. Group ICA for identifying biomarkers in schizophrenia: 'Adaptive' networks via spatially constrained ICA show more sensitivity to group differences than spatio-temporal regression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101747. [PMID: 30921608 PMCID: PMC6438914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain functional networks identified from fMRI data can provide potential biomarkers for brain disorders. Group independent component analysis (GICA) is popular for extracting brain functional networks from multiple subjects. In GICA, different strategies exist for reconstructing subject-specific networks from the group-level networks. However, it is unknown whether these strategies have different sensitivities to group differences and abilities in distinguishing patients. Among GICA, spatio-temporal regression (STR) and spatially constrained ICA approaches such as group information guided ICA (GIG-ICA) can be used to propagate components (indicating networks) to a new subject that is not included in the original subjects. In this study, based on the same a priori network maps, we reconstructed subject-specific networks using these two methods separately from resting-state fMRI data of 151 schizophrenia patients (SZs) and 163 healthy controls (HCs). We investigated group differences in the estimated functional networks and the functional network connectivity (FNC) obtained by each method. The networks were also used as features in a cross-validated support vector machine (SVM) for classifying SZs and HCs. We selected features using different strategies to provide a comprehensive comparison between the two methods. GIG-ICA generally showed greater sensitivity in statistical analysis and better classification performance (accuracy 76.45 ± 8.9%, sensitivity 0.74 ± 0.11, specificity 0.79 ± 0.11) than STR (accuracy 67.45 ± 8.13%, sensitivity 0.65 ± 0.11, specificity 0.71 ± 0.11). Importantly, results were also consistent when applied to an independent dataset including 82 HCs and 82 SZs. Our work suggests that the functional networks estimated by GIG-ICA are more sensitive to group differences, and GIG-ICA is promising for identifying image-derived biomarkers of brain disease. We investigate which group ICA method is more sensitive to group differences in networks and FNC. We evaluate which group ICA method can result in better classification performance. We compare the spatio-temporal regression (STR) and GIG-ICA using different feature selection and model building strategies and independent samples. We use different feature selection and model building strategies and classification using independent samples. Using fMRI data including schizophrenia patients, GIG-ICA shows better performance than the traditional STR method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Salman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; School of Computer & Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | | | - Zening Fu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alex Fedorov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodorus Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schwarz E, Doan NT, Pergola G, Westlye LT, Kaufmann T, Wolfers T, Brecheisen R, Quarto T, Ing AJ, Di Carlo P, Gurholt TP, Harms RL, Noirhomme Q, Moberget T, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Bellani M, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Brambilla P, Buitelaar JK, Cervenka S, Flyckt L, Frangou S, Franke B, Hall J, Heslenfeld DJ, Kirsch P, McIntosh AM, Nöthen MM, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF, Rietschel M, Schumann G, Tost H, Witt SH, Zink M, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Reproducible grey matter patterns index a multivariate, global alteration of brain structure in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:12. [PMID: 30664633 PMCID: PMC6341112 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by numerous subtle changes in brain structure and function. Machine learning allows exploring the utility of combining structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures for diagnostic application, but this approach has been hampered by sample size limitations and lack of differential diagnostic data. Here, we performed a multi-site machine learning analysis to explore brain structural patterns of T1 MRI data in 2668 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, and healthy controls. We found reproducible changes of structural parameters in schizophrenia that yielded a classification accuracy of up to 76% and provided discrimination from ADHD, through it lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. The observed changes largely indexed distributed grey matter alterations that could be represented through a combination of several global brain-structural parameters. This multi-site machine learning study identified a brain-structural signature that could reproducibly differentiate schizophrenia patients from controls, but lacked specificity against bipolar disorder. While this currently limits the clinical utility of the identified signature, the present study highlights that the underlying alterations index substantial global grey matter changes in psychotic disorders, reflecting the biological similarity of these conditions, and provide a roadmap for future exploration of brain structural alterations in psychiatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Brecheisen
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex J Ing
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, VR, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movements Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Psichiatry, Policlinico Bari, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Bari, Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Flyckt
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg-Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J-F de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS) and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- District Hospital Mittelfranken, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Development of Neuroimaging-Based Biomarkers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:159-195. [PMID: 31705495 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of accumulating neuroimaging data with emphasis on translational potential. The subject will be described in the context of three disease states, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and for three clinical goals, i.e., disease risk assessment, subtyping, and treatment decision.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hilland E, Landrø NI, Harmer CJ, Maglanoc LA, Jonassen R. Within-Network Connectivity in the Salience Network After Attention Bias Modification Training in Residual Depression: Report From a Preregistered Clinical Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:508. [PMID: 30622463 PMCID: PMC6308203 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in resting state networks (RSNs) are associated with emotional- and attentional control difficulties in depressed individuals. Attentional bias modification (ABM) training may lead to more adaptive emotional processing in depression, but little is known about the neural underpinnings associated with ABM. In the current study a sample of 134 previously depressed individuals were randomized into 14 days of computerized ABM- or a closely matched placebo training regime followed by a resting state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Using independent component analysis (ICA) we examined within-network connectivity in three major RSN's, the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN) and the central executive network (CEN) after 2 weeks of ABM training. We found a significant difference between the training groups within the SN, but no difference within the DMN or CEN. Moreover, a significant symptom improvement was observed in the ABM group after training. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02931487.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hilland
- Clinical Neuro-science Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils I. Landrø
- Clinical Neuro-science Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- Clinical Neuro-science Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Laboratory (PERL), Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi A. Maglanoc
- Clinical Neuro-science Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Clinical Neuro-science Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sakai K, Yamada K. Machine learning studies on major brain diseases: 5-year trends of 2014–2018. Jpn J Radiol 2018; 37:34-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
44
|
Du Y, Fu Z, Calhoun VD. Classification and Prediction of Brain Disorders Using Functional Connectivity: Promising but Challenging. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:525. [PMID: 30127711 PMCID: PMC6088208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain functional imaging data, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, have been employed to reflect functional integration of the brain. Alteration in brain functional connectivity (FC) is expected to provide potential biomarkers for classifying or predicting brain disorders. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review in order to provide guidance about the available brain FC measures and typical classification strategies. We survey the state-of-the-art FC analysis methods including widely used static functional connectivity (SFC) and more recently proposed dynamic functional connectivity (DFC). Temporal correlations among regions of interest (ROIs), data-driven spatial network and functional network connectivity (FNC) are often computed to reflect SFC from different angles. SFC can be extended to DFC using a sliding-window framework, and intrinsic connectivity states along the time-varying connectivity patterns are typically extracted using clustering or decomposition approaches. We also briefly summarize window-less DFC approaches. Subsequently, we highlight various strategies for feature selection including the filter, wrapper and embedded methods. In terms of model building, we include traditional classifiers as well as more recently applied deep learning methods. Moreover, we review representative applications with remarkable classification accuracy for psychosis and mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorder, and neurological disorders using fMRI data. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are discussed. Finally, challenges in the field are pointed out with respect to the inaccurate diagnosis labeling, the abundant number of possible features and the difficulty in validation. Some suggestions for future work are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- School of Computer & Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zening Fu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cui LB, Liu L, Wang HN, Wang LX, Guo F, Xi YB, Liu TT, Li C, Tian P, Liu K, Wu WJ, Chen YH, Qin W, Yin H. Disease Definition for Schizophrenia by Functional Connectivity Using Radiomics Strategy. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1053-1059. [PMID: 29471434 PMCID: PMC6101635 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific biomarker reflecting neurobiological substrates of schizophrenia (SZ) is required for its diagnosis and treatment selection of SZ. Evidence from neuroimaging has implicated disrupted functional connectivity in the pathophysiology. We aimed to develop and validate a method of disease definition for SZ by resting-state functional connectivity using radiomics strategy. This study included 2 data sets collected with different scanners. A total of 108 first-episode SZ patients and 121 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the current study, among which 80% patients and HCs (n = 183) and 20% (n = 46) were selected for training and testing in intra-data set validation and 1 of the 2 data sets was selected for training and the other for testing in inter-data set validation, respectively. Functional connectivity was calculated for both groups, features were selected by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method, and the clinical utility of its features and the generalizability of effects across samples were assessed using machine learning by training and validating multivariate classifiers in the independent samples. We found that the accuracy of intra-data set training was 87.09% for diagnosing SZ patients by applying functional connectivity features, with a validation in the independent replication data set (accuracy = 82.61%). The inter-data set validation further confirmed the disease definition by functional connectivity features (accuracy = 83.15% for training and 80.07% for testing). Our findings demonstrate a valid radiomics approach by functional connectivity to diagnose SZ, which is helpful to facilitate objective SZ individualized diagnosis using quantitative and specific functional connectivity biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu-Xian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Bin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; tel: 86-29-84775424, fax: 86-29-84775421, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang H, Jiang Y, Xia M, Tang Y, Zhang T, Cui H, Wang J, Li Y, Xu L, Curtin A, Sheng J, Jia Y, Yao D, Li C, Luo C, Wang J. Increased resting-state global functional connectivity density of default mode network in schizophrenia subjects treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:192-199. [PMID: 29117910 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) has been widely applied to help treat schizophrenia patients who are treatment-resistant to pharmaceutical therapy. Although the technique is increasingly prevalent, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been well clarified. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the alteration of global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in schizophrenia patients undergoing MECT using resting state fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). Two groups of schizophrenia inpatients were recruited. One group received a four-week MECT together with antipsychotic drugs (ECT+Drug, n=21); the other group only received antipsychotic drugs (Drug, n=21). Both groups were compared to a sample of healthy controls (HC, n=23). fMRI scans were obtained from the schizophrenia patients twice at baseline (t1) and after 4-week treatment (t2), and from healthy controls at baseline. gFCD was computed using resting state fMRI. Repeated ANCOVA showed a significant interaction effect of group×time in the schizophrenia patients in left precuneus (Pcu), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC), and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) (GRF-corrected P<0.05), which are mainly located within the default mode network (DMN). Post-hoc analysis revealed that compared with baseline (t1), an increased gFCD was found in the ECT+Drug group in the dMPFC (t=3.87, p=0.00095), vMPFC (t=3.95, p=0.00079) and left Pcu (t=3.33, p=0.0034), but no significant effect was identified in the Drug group. The results suggested that increased global functional connectivity density within the DMN might be one important neural mechanism of MECT in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Adrian Curtin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Med-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200300, China
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang P, Cui LB, Li X, Lu ZL, Zhu X, Xi Y, Wang H, Li B, Hou F, Miao D, Yin H. Identifying first-episode drug naïve patients with schizophrenia with or without auditory verbal hallucinations using whole-brain functional connectivity: A pattern analysis study. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:351-359. [PMID: 30013918 PMCID: PMC6044229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on patients with schizophrenia with or without auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), but due to the complexity of schizophrenia, biologically based diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia remains unsolved. The objectives of this study are to classify between first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and to classify between patients with and without AVHs. Resting state fMRI data from 41 patients with schizophrenia (22 with and 19 without AVHs) and 23 normal controls (NC) were included to compute functional connectivity between brain regions. Classifiers based on support vector machine (SVM) were developed to classify patients with schizophrenia from NC, as well as between the two subgroups of patients. The classification accuracy was evaluated with a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) strategy. The accuracy in discriminating both subgroups of patients from NC was 81.3%, with 92.0% (sensitivity) and 65.2% (specificity) for the patients and NC, respectively. The classification accuracy in discriminating patients with and without AVHs was 75.6%, with 77.3% (sensitivity) and 73.9% (specificity) for patients with and without AVHs, respectively. The results suggest that functional connectivity provided good discriminative power not only for identifying patients with schizophrenia among NC, but also in discriminating patients with schizophrenia with and without AVHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; The Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging (CCBBI), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- The Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging (CCBBI), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- The Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging (CCBBI), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yibin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Hou
- The Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging (CCBBI), Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zeng LL, Wang H, Hu P, Yang B, Pu W, Shen H, Chen X, Liu Z, Yin H, Tan Q, Wang K, Hu D. Multi-Site Diagnostic Classification of Schizophrenia Using Discriminant Deep Learning with Functional Connectivity MRI. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:74-85. [PMID: 29622496 PMCID: PMC5952341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of a sufficiently large sample at single sites causes poor generalizability in automatic diagnosis classification of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia based on brain imaging scans. Advanced deep learning methods may be capable of learning subtle hidden patterns from high dimensional imaging data, overcome potential site-related variation, and achieve reproducible cross-site classification. However, deep learning-based cross-site transfer classification, despite less imaging site-specificity and more generalizability of diagnostic models, has not been investigated in schizophrenia. METHODS A large multi-site functional MRI sample (n = 734, including 357 schizophrenic patients from seven imaging resources) was collected, and a deep discriminant autoencoder network, aimed at learning imaging site-shared functional connectivity features, was developed to discriminate schizophrenic individuals from healthy controls. FINDINGS Accuracies of approximately 85·0% and 81·0% were obtained in multi-site pooling classification and leave-site-out transfer classification, respectively. The learned functional connectivity features revealed dysregulation of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia, and the most discriminating functional connections were primarily located within and across the default, salience, and control networks. INTERPRETATION The findings imply that dysfunctional integration of the cortical-striatal-cerebellar circuit across the default, salience, and control networks may play an important role in the "disconnectivity" model underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The proposed discriminant deep learning method may be capable of learning reliable connectome patterns and help in understanding the pathophysiology and achieving accurate prediction of schizophrenia across multiple independent imaging sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Weidan Pu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingrong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Khan MM. Translational Significance of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:9516592. [PMID: 30402099 PMCID: PMC6196929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9516592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data from various clinical trial studies suggests that adjuvant therapy with ovarian hormones (estrogens) could be effective in reducing cognitive deficit and psychopathological symptoms in women with psychiatric disorders. However, estrogen therapy poses serious limitations and health issues including feminization in men and increased risks of thromboembolism, hot flashes, breast hyperplasia, and endometrium hyperplasia when used for longer duration in older women (aged ≥ 60 years) or in women who have genetic predispositions. On the other hand, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which may (or may not) carry some risks of hot flashes, thromboembolism, breast hyperplasia, and endometrial hyperplasia, are generally devoid of feminization effect. In clinical trial studies, adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen, a triphenylethylene class of SERM, has been found to reduce the frequency of manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder, whereas addition of raloxifene, a benzothiophene class of SERM, to regular doses of antipsychotic drugs has been found to reduce cognitive deficit and psychological symptoms in men and women with schizophrenia, including women with treatment refractory psychosis. These outcomes together with potent neurocognitive, neuroprotective, and cardiometabolic properties suggest that SERMs could be the potential targets for designing effective and safer therapies for psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zawia, P.O. Box 16418, Az-Zawiyah, Libya
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yuan B, Fang Y, Han Z, Song L, He Y, Bi Y. Brain hubs in lesion models: Predicting functional network topology with lesion patterns in patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17908. [PMID: 29263390 PMCID: PMC5738424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various important topological properties of healthy brain connectome have recently been identified. However, the manner in which brain lesion changes the functional network topology is unknown. We examined how critical specific brain areas are in the maintenance of network topology using multivariate support vector regression analysis on brain structural and resting-state functional imaging data in 96 patients with brain damages. Patients’ cortical lesion distribution patterns could significantly predict the functional network topology and a set of regions with significant weights in the prediction models were identified as “lesion hubs”. Intriguingly, we found two different types of lesion hubs, whose lesions associated with changes of network topology towards relatively different directions, being either more integrated (global) or more segregated (local), and correspond to hubs identified in healthy functional network in complex manners. Our results pose further important questions about the potential dynamics of the functional brain network after brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binke Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxing Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Luping Song
- Department of Neurology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Rehabilitation College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Yong He
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanchao Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|