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Loe-Mie Y, Plançon C, Dubertret C, Yoshikawa T, Yalcin B, Collins SC, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Gorwood P, Benmessaoud D, Simonneau M, Lepagnol-Bestel AM. De Novo Variants Found in Three Distinct Schizophrenia Populations Hit a Common Core Gene Network Related to Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeleton Gene Ontology Classes. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38398753 PMCID: PMC10890674 DOI: 10.3390/life14020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous and debilitating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. To elucidate functional networks perturbed in schizophrenia, we analysed a large dataset of whole-genome studies that identified SNVs, CNVs, and a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study. Our analysis identified three subclusters that are interrelated and with small overlaps: GO:0007017~Microtubule-Based Process, GO:00015629~Actin Cytoskeleton, and GO:0007268~SynapticTransmission. We next analysed three distinct trio cohorts of 75 SZ Algerian, 45 SZ French, and 61 SZ Japanese patients. We performed Illumina HiSeq whole-exome sequencing and identified de novo mutations using a Bayesian approach. We validated 88 de novo mutations by Sanger sequencing: 35 in French, 21 in Algerian, and 32 in Japanese SZ patients. These 88 de novo mutations exhibited an enrichment in genes encoding proteins related to GO:0051015~actin filament binding (p = 0.0011) using David, and enrichments in GO: 0003774~transport (p = 0.019) and GO:0003729~mRNA binding (p = 0.010) using Amigo. One of these de novo variant was found in CORO1C coding sequence. We studied Coro1c haploinsufficiency in a Coro1c+/- mouse and found defects in the corpus callosum. These results could motivate future studies of the mechanisms surrounding genes encoding proteins involved in transport and the cytoskeleton, with the goal of developing therapeutic intervention strategies for a subset of SZ cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Loe-Mie
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
| | - Christine Plançon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0106, Japan;
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Université de Bourgogne, INSERM Research Center U1231, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.Y.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Stephan C. Collins
- Université de Bourgogne, INSERM Research Center U1231, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.Y.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Dalila Benmessaoud
- Etablissement Hospitalo-Universitaire Spécialisé Psychiatrie Frantz FANON, Université Saad DAHLAB, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Michel Simonneau
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- Laboratoire LuMin, FRE 2036, Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris Saclay 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aude-Marie Lepagnol-Bestel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
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2
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Kumar PR, Jha RK, Katti A. Brain tissue segmentation in neurosurgery: a systematic analysis for quantitative tractography approaches. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:1-15. [PMID: 36609837 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a cutting-edge imaging method that provides a macro-scale in vivo map of the white matter pathways in the brain. The measurement of brain microstructure and the enhancement of tractography rely heavily on dMRI tissue segmentation. Anatomical MRI technique (e.g., T1- and T2-weighted imaging) is the most widely used method for segmentation in dMRI. In comparison to anatomical MRI, dMRI suffers from higher image distortions, lower image quality, and making inter-modality registration more difficult. The dMRI tractography study of brain connectivity has become a major part of the neuroimaging landscape in recent years. In this research, we provide a high-level overview of the methods used to segment several brain tissues types, including grey and white matter and cerebrospinal fluid, to enable quantitative studies of structural connectivity in the brain in health and illness. In the first part of our review, we discuss the three main phases in the quantitative analysis of tractography, which are correction, segmentation, and quantification. Methodological possibilities are described for each phase, along with their popularity and potential benefits and drawbacks. After that, we will look at research that used quantitative tractography approaches to examine the white and grey matter of the brain, with an emphasis on neurodevelopment, ageing, neurological illnesses, mental disorders, and neurosurgery as possible applications. Even though there have been substantial advancements in methodological technology and the spectrum of applications, there is still no consensus regarding the "optimal" approach in the quantitative analysis of tractography. As a result, researchers should tread carefully when interpreting the findings of quantitative analysis of tractography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puranam Revanth Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IcfaiTech (Faculty of Science and Technology), IFHE University, Hyderabad, 501203, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IcfaiTech (Faculty of Science and Technology), IFHE University, Hyderabad, 501203, India
| | - Amogh Katti
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gitam School of Technology, GITAM University, Hyderabad, 502329, India
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3
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Klaassen AL, Michel C, Stüble M, Kaess M, Morishima Y, Kindler J. Reduced anterior callosal white matter in risk for psychosis associated with processing speed as a fundamental cognitive impairment. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:211-219. [PMID: 38157681 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in psychotic disorders discovered associations between reduced integrity of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC) and impaired cognitive functions, suggesting processing speed as a central construct. However, it is still largely unexplored to what extent disruption in callosal WM is related to cognitive deficits during the risk stage prior to psychosis. METHODS To address this gap, we measured the WM integrity in CC by fractional anisotropy (FA) and assessed cognition in 60 clinical-high risk for psychosis (CHR) patients during adolescence/young adulthood and 38 healthy control (HC) subjects. We employed tract based spatial statistics to examine group differences and associations between CC-FA and processing speed, executive function, and spatial working memory. RESULTS We revealed deficits in processing speed, executive function, and spatial working memory of CHR patients, and reductions in FA of the genu and the body of the CC (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) compared to HC. A mediation analysis using the combined sample (CHR + HC) showed that processing speed mediates the associations between the impaired CC structure and executive function and spatial working memory, respectively. Exploratory analyses between CC-FA and the cognitive domains located associations of processing speed in the genu and the body of CC with distinct spatial distributions of executive function and spatial working memory. CONCLUSION We suggest processing speed as a subordinate cognitive factor contributing to the associations between callosal WM, executive function and working memory. These results extend findings in psychotic disorders to the prior risk stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt-Lukas Klaassen
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Stüble
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland; University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yosuke Morishima
- University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Gangadin SS, Mandl RCW, de Witte LD, van Haren NEM, Schutte MJL, Begemann MJH, Kahn RS, Sommer IEC. Lower fractional anisotropy without evidence for neuro-inflammation in patients with early-phase schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:557-566. [PMID: 36577563 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Various lines of research suggest immune dysregulation as a potential therapeutic target for negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Immune dysregulation would lead to higher extracellular free-water (EFW) in cerebral white matter (WM), which may partially underlie the frequently reported lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in SSD. We aim to investigate differences in EFW concentrations - a presumed proxy for neuro-inflammation - between early-phase SSD patients (n = 55) and healthy controls (HC; n = 37), and to explore immunological and cognitive correlates. To increase specificity for EFW, we study several complementary magnetic resonance imaging contrasts that are sensitive to EFW. FA, mean diffusivity (MD), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), myelin water fraction (MWF) and quantitative T1 and T2 were calculated from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and multicomponent driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1/T2 (mcDESPOT). For each measure, WM skeletons were constructed with tract-based spatial statistics. Multivariate SSD-HC comparisons with WM skeletons and their average values (i.e. global WM) were not statistically significant. In voxel-wise analyses, FA was significantly lower in SSD in the genu of the corpus callosum and in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (p < 0.04). Global WM measures did not correlate with immunological markers (i.e. IL1-RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CRP) or cognition in HC and SSD after corrections for multiple comparisons. We confirmed lower FA in early-phase SSD patients. However, nonFA measures did not provide additional evidence for immune dysregulation or for higher EFW as the primary mechanism underlying the reported lower FA values in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiral S Gangadin
- Section Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - René C W Mandl
- Section Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maya J L Schutte
- Section Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke J H Begemann
- Section Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Section Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Calarco N, Oliver LD, Joseph M, Hawco C, Dickie EW, DeRosse P, Gold JM, Foussias G, Argyelan M, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN. Multivariate Associations Among White Matter, Neurocognition, and Social Cognition Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1518-1529. [PMID: 36869812 PMCID: PMC10686342 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Neurocognitive and social cognitive abilities are important contributors to functional outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). An unanswered question of considerable interest is whether neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits arise from overlapping or distinct white matter impairment(s). STUDY DESIGN We sought to fill this gap, by harnessing a large sample of individuals from the multi-center Social Processes Initiative in the Neurobiology of the Schizophrenia(s) (SPINS) dataset, unique in its collection of advanced diffusion imaging and an extensive battery of cognitive assessments. We applied canonical correlation analysis to estimates of white matter microstructure, and cognitive performance, across people with and without an SSD. STUDY RESULTS Our results established that white matter circuitry is dimensionally and strongly related to both neurocognition and social cognition, and that microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus and the rostral body of the corpus callosum may assume a "privileged role" subserving both. Further, we found that participant-wise estimates of white matter microstructure, weighted by cognitive performance, were largely consistent with participants' categorical diagnosis, and predictive of (cross-sectional) functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated strength of the relationship between white matter circuitry and neurocognition and social cognition underscores the potential for using relationships among these variables to identify biomarkers of functioning, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navona Calarco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Joseph
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yang CC, Totzek JF, Lepage M, Lavigne KM. Sex differences in cognition and structural covariance-based morphometric connectivity: evidence from 28,000+ UK Biobank participants. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10341-10354. [PMID: 37557917 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is robust evidence for sex differences in domain-specific cognition, where females typically show an advantage for verbal memory, whereas males tend to perform better in spatial memory. Sex differences in brain connectivity are well documented and may provide insight into these differences. In this study, we examined sex differences in cognition and structural covariance, as an index of morphometric connectivity, of a large healthy sample (n = 28,821) from the UK Biobank. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and regional cortical thickness values, we applied jackknife bias estimation and graph theory to obtain subject-specific measures of structural covariance, hypothesizing that sex-related differences in brain network global efficiency, or overall covariance, would underlie cognitive differences. As predicted, females demonstrated better verbal memory and males showed a spatial memory advantage. Females also demonstrated faster processing speed, with no observed sex difference in executive functioning. Males showed higher global efficiency, as well as higher regional covariance (nodal strengths) in both hemispheres relative to females. Furthermore, higher global efficiency in males mediated sex differences in verbal memory and processing speed. Findings contribute to an improved understanding of how biological sex and differences in cognition are related to morphometric connectivity as derived from graph-theoretic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C Yang
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jana F Totzek
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6211 LK, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Katie M Lavigne
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
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7
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Kheloui S, Jacmin-Park S, Larocque O, Kerr P, Rossi M, Cartier L, Juster RP. Sex/gender differences in cognitive abilities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105333. [PMID: 37517542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex/gender differences in cognitive sciences are riddled by conflicting perspectives. At the center of debates are clinical, social, and political perspectives. Front and center, evolutionary and biological perspectives have often focused on 'nature' arguments, while feminist and constructivist views have often focused on 'nurture arguments regarding cognitive sex differences. In the current narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding the origins and historical advancement of these debates while providing a summary of the results in the field of sexually polymorphic cognition. In so doing, we attempt to highlight the importance of using transdisciplinary perspectives which help bridge disciplines together to provide a refined understanding the specific factors that drive sex differences a gender diversity in cognitive abilities. To summarize, biological sex (e.g., birth-assigned sex, sex hormones), socio-cultural gender (gender identity, gender roles), and sexual orientation each uniquely shape the cognitive abilities reviewed. To date, however, few studies integrate these sex and gender factors together to better understand individual differences in cognitive functioning. This has potential benefits if a broader understanding of sex and gender factors are systematically measured when researching and treating numerous conditions where cognition is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kheloui
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Silke Jacmin-Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Ophélie Larocque
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Philippe Kerr
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Mathias Rossi
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Louis Cartier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada.
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8
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Fabri M, Polonara G. Functional topography of the corpus callosum as revealed by fMRI and behavioural studies of control subjects and patients with callosal resection. Neuropsychologia 2023; 183:108533. [PMID: 36906223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a topographical map of the corpus callosum (CC), the main interhemispheric commissure, has emerged from human lesion studies and from anatomical tracing investigations in other mammals. Over the last few years, a rising number of researchers have been reporting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation in also the CC. This short review summarizes the functional and behavioral studies performed in groups of healthy subjects and in patients undergone to partial or total callosal resection, and it is focused on the work conducted by the authors. Functional data have been collected by diffusion tensor imaging and tractography (DTI and DTT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), both techniques allowing to expand and refine our knowledge of the commissure. Neuropsychological test were also administered, and simple behavioral task, as imitation perspective and mental rotation ability, were analyzed. These researches added new insight on the topographic organization of the human CC. By combining DTT and fMRI it was possible to observe that the callosal crossing points of interhemispheric fibers connecting homologous primary sensory cortices, correspond to the CC sites where the fMRI activation elicited by peripheral stimulation was detected. In addition, CC activation during imitation and mental rotation performance was also reported. These studies demonstrated the presence of specific callosal fiber tracts that cross the commissure in the genu, body, and splenium, at sites showing fMRI activation, consistently with cortical activated areas. Altogether, these findings lend further support to the notion that the CC displays a functional topographic organization, also related to specific behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fabri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Polonara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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9
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Yao S, Kendrick KM. Reduced homotopic interhemispheric connectivity in psychiatric disorders: evidence for both transdiagnostic and disorder specific features. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:129-145. [PMID: 38665271 PMCID: PMC11003433 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the significance of structural and functional connections between the two brain hemispheres in terms of both normal function and in relation to psychiatric disorders. In recent years, many studies have used voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity analysis of resting state data to investigate the importance of connectivity between homotopic regions in the brain hemispheres in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The current review summarizes findings from these voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity studies in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depression disorders, and schizophrenia, as well as disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and insomnia. Overall, other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, studies across psychiatric disorders report decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity in the default mode, attention, salience, sensorimotor, social cognition, visual recognition, primary visual processing, and reward networks, which are often associated with symptom severity and/or illness onset/duration. Decreased homotopic resting state functional connectivity may therefore represent a transdiagnostic marker for general psychopathology. In terms of disorder specificity, the extensive decreases in homotopic resting state functional connectivity in autism differ markedly from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, despite both occurring during early childhood and showing extensive co-morbidity. A pattern of more posterior than anterior regions showing reductions in schizophrenia is also distinctive. Going forward, more studies are needed to elucidate the functions of these homotopic functional connections in both health and disorder and focusing on associations with general psychopathology, and not only on disorder specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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10
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Zhang F, Daducci A, He Y, Schiavi S, Seguin C, Smith RE, Yeh CH, Zhao T, O'Donnell LJ. Quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118870. [PMID: 34979249 PMCID: PMC9257891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging technique that enables in vivo reconstruction of the brain's white matter connections at macro scale. It provides an important tool for quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using measures of connectivity or tissue microstructure. Over the last two decades, the study of brain connectivity using dMRI tractography has played a prominent role in the neuroimaging research landscape. In this paper, we provide a high-level overview of how tractography is used to enable quantitative analysis of the brain's structural connectivity in health and disease. We focus on two types of quantitative analyses of tractography, including: 1) tract-specific analysis that refers to research that is typically hypothesis-driven and studies particular anatomical fiber tracts, and 2) connectome-based analysis that refers to research that is more data-driven and generally studies the structural connectivity of the entire brain. We first provide a review of methodology involved in three main processing steps that are common across most approaches for quantitative analysis of tractography, including methods for tractography correction, segmentation and quantification. For each step, we aim to describe methodological choices, their popularity, and potential pros and cons. We then review studies that have used quantitative tractography approaches to study the brain's white matter, focusing on applications in neurodevelopment, aging, neurological disorders, mental disorders, and neurosurgery. We conclude that, while there have been considerable advancements in methodological technologies and breadth of applications, there nevertheless remains no consensus about the "best" methodology in quantitative analysis of tractography, and researchers should remain cautious when interpreting results in research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Simona Schiavi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caio Seguin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert E Smith
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chun-Hung Yeh
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tengda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Tao B, Xiao Y, Cao H, Zhang W, Yang C, Lencer R, Gong Q, Lui S. Characteristics of the corpus callosum in chronic schizophrenia treated with clozapine or risperidone and those never-treated. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:538. [PMID: 34715831 PMCID: PMC8556985 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum (CC) deficits have been well documented in chronic schizophrenia. However, the long-term impacts of antipsychotic monotherapies on callosal anatomy remain unclear. This cross-sectional study sought to explore micro- and macro-structural characteristics of the CC in never-treated patients and those with long-term mono-antipsychotic treatment. METHODS The study included 23 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients (CT-SCZ), 19 risperidone-treated schizophrenia patients (RT-SCZ), 23 never-treated schizophrenia patients (NT-SCZ), and 35 healthy controls (HCs). High resolution structural images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for each participant were obtained via a 3.0 T MR scanner. FreeSurfer was used to examine the volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the CC for each participant. RESULTS There were significant deficits in the total and sub-regional CC volume and white matter integrity in NT-SCZ in comparison with healthy subjects. Compared with NT-SCZ, both CT-SCZ and RT-SCZ showed significantly increased FA values in the anterior CC region, while only RT-SCZ showed significantly increased volume in the mid-anterior CC region. Moreover, the volume of the mid-anterior CC region was significantly smaller in CT-SCZ compared to HCs. No correlations of clinical symptoms with callosal metrics were observed in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into micro- and macro-structural characteristics of the CC in chronic schizophrenia patients with or without antipsychotics. These results suggest that the pathology itself is responsible for cerebral abnormalities in schizophrenia and that chronic exposure to antipsychotics may have an impact on white matter structure of schizophrenia patients, especially in those with risperidone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.440243.50000 0004 0453 5950Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qiyong Gong
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Cortical Activation in Mental Rotation and the Role of the Corpus Callosum: Observations in Healthy Subjects and Split-Brain Patients. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental rotation (MR) is an abstract mental operation thanks to which a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in an other position. The ability to perform MR was belived to belong to the right hemisphere for objects, and to the left for one’s ownbody images. Mental rotation is considered to be basic for imitation with the anatomical perspective, which in turn is needed for social interactions and learning. Altered imitative performances have been reported in patients with resections or microstructure alterations of the corpus callosum (CC). These patients also display a reduced MR ability compared to control subjects, as shown in a recent behavioral study. The difference was statistically significant, leading us to hypothesize a role of the CC to integrate the two hemispheres’ asymmetric functions. The present study was designed to detect, by means of a functional MRI, the cortical activation evoked during an MR task in healthy control subjects and callosotomized patients. The results suggest that performing MR requires activation of opercular cortex and inferior parietal lobule in either hemispheres, and likely the integrity of the CC, thus confirming that the main brain commissure is involved in cognitive functions.
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Yang M, Gao S, Xiong W, Zhang XY. Sex-differential associations between cognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities in first episode and drug-naïve schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1179-1187. [PMID: 33058544 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous evidence has suggested that schizophrenia patients may display sex differences in cognitive impairments and cognitive impairments are related to disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. The current research aims to address the intriguing possibility for the sex-specific association between cognitive deficits and WM abnormalities in first-episode and drug-naïve schizophrenia. METHODS Cognitive performance on the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was measured in 39 FEND patients (females:males = 23:16) and 30 healthy controls (females:males = 17:13), together with whole-brain WM fractional anisotropy (FA) values determined using voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging. Correlations between cognitive performance and FA values were assessed. RESULTS Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in the total score and most of the subscores of MCCB. Female patients displayed better cognitive performance than male patients on the Trail Making A Test, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale. More importantly, sex-differential association between cognitive performance and FA values was found in patients, but not in healthy controls. In particular, FA values in the cerebellum were negatively correlated with the continuous performance and digital sequence scores in male patients but positively correlated with the performance on the Spatial Span Test in the Wechsler Memory Scale in female patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest sex-specific neurobiological substrates involved in cognitive deficits in early-onset schizophrenia and have important implications for differentially targeted interventions between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weisen Xiong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Waszczuk K, Rek-Owodziń K, Tyburski E, Mak M, Misiak B, Samochowiec J. Disturbances in White Matter Integrity in the Ultra-High-Risk Psychosis State-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112515. [PMID: 34204171 PMCID: PMC8201371 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling mental illness whose etiology still remains unclear. The available literature indicates that there exist white matter (WM) abnormalities in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Recent developments in modern neuroimaging methods have enabled the identification of the structure, morphology, and function of the underlying WM fibers in vivo. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing evidence about WM abnormalities in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) with the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed (Medline) and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases. Of 358 relevant articles identified, 25 papers published in the years 2008–2020 were ultimately included in the review. Most of them supported the presence of subtle aberrations in WM in UHR individuals, especially in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). These alterations may therefore be considered a promising neurobiological marker for the risk of psychosis. However, due to methodological discrepancies and the relative scarcity of evidence, further investigation is called for, especially into connectome analysis in UHR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-91-35-11-358
| | - Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.M.)
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tadeusza Kutrzeby 10 Street, 61-719 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.M.)
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
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15
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Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:667-697. [PMID: 33621637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem data, emphasizing meta-analyses and other large studies, which collectively reveal few reliable sex/gender differences and a history of unreplicated claims. Males' brains are larger than females' from birth, stabilizing around 11 % in adults. This size difference accounts for other reproducible findings: higher white/gray matter ratio, intra- versus interhemispheric connectivity, and regional cortical and subcortical volumes in males. But when structural and lateralization differences are present independent of size, sex/gender explains only about 1% of total variance. Connectome differences and multivariate sex/gender prediction are largely based on brain size, and perform poorly across diverse populations. Task-based fMRI has especially failed to find reproducible activation differences between men and women in verbal, spatial or emotion processing due to high rates of false discovery. Overall, male/female brain differences appear trivial and population-specific. The human brain is not "sexually dimorphic."
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16
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Rajan S, Brettschneider J, Collingwood JF. Regional segmentation strategy for DTI analysis of human corpus callosum indicates motor function deficit in mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 345:108870. [PMID: 32687851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum is the largest white matter tract in the human brain, involved in inter-hemispheric transfer and integration of lateralised visual, sensory-motor, language, and cognitive information. Microstructural alterations are implicated in ageing as well as various neurological conditions. NEW METHOD Cross-sectional diffusion-weighted images of 107 healthy adults were used to create a linear regression model of the ageing corpus callosum and its sub-regions to evaluate the impact of analysis by sub-region, and to test for deviations from healthy ageing parameters in 28 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Alterations in diffusion properties including fractional anisotropy, mean, radial and axial diffusivities were investigated as a function of age. RESULTS Changes in DTI parameters showed age-dependent regional differences, likely arising from axonal diameter variation across cross-sectional regions of interest in the corpus callosum. Patterns suggestive of degeneration with healthy ageing were observed in all regions. Diffusion parameters in sub-regions projecting to pre-motor, primary, and supplementary motor areas of the brain differed for MCI versus healthy controls, and MCI subjects were more likely than healthy controls to experience a reduction in motor skills. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Statistical analyses of the corpus callosum by five manually-defined sub-regions, instead of a single manually-defined region of interest, revealed region-specific changes in microstructure in healthy ageing and MCI, and accounted for clinically-evaluated differences in motor skills between cohorts. CONCLUSION This method will support future studies of corpus callosum, enabling identification and measurement of white matter changes that are undetectable with the single ROI approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Rajan
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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17
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Mental Rotation Ability: Right or Left Hemisphere Competence? What We Can Learn from Callosotomized and Psychotic Patients. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental rotation is an abstract operation whereby a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in a different position. The ability to perform mental rotation was attributed to right hemisphere for objects, to the left for one’s own body images. Mental rotation seems to be basic for imitation in anatomical mode. Previous studies showed that control subjects, callosotomized and psychotic patients chose the mirror-mode when imitating without instructions; when asked to use the same or opposite limb as the model, controls chose the anatomical mode, callosotomized patients mainly used mirror mode, psychotic patients were in between. The preference of callosotomized subjects is likely due to defective mental rotation, because of the lack of the corpus callosum (CC), thus suggesting an asymmetry in the hemispheric competence for mental rotation. Present research investigated the mental rotation ability in control subjects, callosotomized and psychotic patients. All subjects were shown pictures of a model, in first or third person perspective, with a cup in her right or left hand. They had to indicate which model’s hand held the cup, by answering with a verbal or motor modality in separate experimental sessions. In both sessions, control subjects produced 99% of correct responses, callosotomy patients 62%, and psychotic patients 91%. The difference was statistically significant, suggesting a role of the CC in the integration of the two hemispheres’ asymmetric functions in mental rotation.
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18
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Bergé D, Mané A, Lesh TA, Bioque M, Barcones F, Gonzalez-Pinto AM, Parellada M, Vieta E, Castro-Fornieles J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, García-Portilla MP, Usall J, Carter CS, Cabrera B, Bernardo M, Janssen J. Elevated Extracellular Free-Water in a Multicentric First-Episode Psychosis Sample, Decrease During the First 2 Years of Illness. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:846-856. [PMID: 31915835 PMCID: PMC7342177 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent diffusion imaging studies using free-water (FW) elimination have shown increased FW in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and lower corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt) in WM in chronic schizophrenia. However, little is known about the longitudinal stability and clinical significance of these findings. To determine tissue-specific FW and FAt abnormalities in FEP, as part of a multicenter Spanish study, 132 FEP and 108 healthy controls (HC) were clinically characterized and underwent structural and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning. FEP subjects were classified as schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) or non-SSD. Of these subjects, 45 FEP and 41 HC were longitudinally assessed and rescanned after 2 years. FA and FW tissue-specific measurements were cross-sectional and longitudinally compared between groups using voxel-wise analyses in the skeletonized WM and vertex-wise analyses in the GM surface. SSD and non-SSD subjects showed (a) higher baseline FW in temporal regions and in whole GM average (P.adj(SSD vs HC) = .003, P.adj(Non-SSD vs HC) = .040) and (b) lower baseline FAt in several WM tracts. SSD, but not non-SSD, showed (a) higher FW in several WM tracts and in whole WM (P.adj(SSD vs HC)= .049) and (b) a significant FW decrease over time in temporal cortical regions and in whole GM average (P.adj = .011). Increased extracellular FW in the brain is a reliable finding in FEP, and in SSD appears to decrease over the early course of the illness. FAt abnormalities are stable during the first years of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bergé
- Neuroscience Department, Neuroimaging Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed; IMIM, Neuroimaging group. c/ Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; tel: +34-932483175, fax: 0034 93 248 3445, e-mail:
| | - Anna Mané
- Neuroscience Department, Neuroimaging Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis (UCDAVIS), Sacramento, CA
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fe Barcones
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain,Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gonzalez-Pinto
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,BioAraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain,Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Department of Cognition and Psychosis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Judith Usall
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis (UCDAVIS), Sacramento, CA
| | - Bibiana Cabrera
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, UMC Ultrecht, Ultrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Voineskos AN, Jacobs GR, Ameis SH. Neuroimaging Heterogeneity in Psychosis: Neurobiological Underpinnings and Opportunities for Prognostic and Therapeutic Innovation. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:95-102. [PMID: 31668548 PMCID: PMC7075720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in symptom presentation, outcomes, and treatment response has long been problematic for researchers aiming to identify biological markers of schizophrenia or psychosis. However, there is increasing recognition that there may likely be no such general illness markers, which is consistent with the notion of a group of schizophrenia(s) that may have both shared and unique neurobiological pathways. Instead, strategies aiming to capitalize on or leverage such heterogeneity may help uncover neurobiological pathways that may then be used to stratify groups of patients for prognostic purposes or for therapeutic trials. A shift toward larger sample sizes with adequate statistical power to overcome small effect sizes and disentangle the shared variance among different brain-imaging or behavioral variables has become a priority for the field. In addition, recognition that two individuals with the same clinical diagnosis may be more different from each other (at brain, genetic, and behavioral levels) than from another individual in a different disorder or nonclinical control group-coupled with computational advances-has catapulted data-driven efforts forward. Emerging challenges for this new approach include longitudinal stability of new subgroups, demonstration of validity, and replicability. The "litmus test" will be whether computational approaches that are successfully identifying groups of patients who share features in common, more than current DSM diagnostic constructs, also provide better prognostic accuracy over time and in addition lead to enhancements in treatment response and outcomes. These are the factors that matter most to patients, families, providers, and payers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Grace R Jacobs
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Brain and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Ochi R, Noda Y, Tsuchimoto S, Tarumi R, Honda S, Matsushita K, Tsugawa S, Plitman E, Masuda F, Ogyu K, Wada M, Miyazaki T, Fujii S, Chakravarty MM, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Nakajima S. White matter microstructural organizations in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109871. [PMID: 31962187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported white matter alterations in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, one third of this population does not respond to first-line antipsychotics and is thus referred to as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Despite potentially distinct neural bases between TRS and non-TRS, few studies have compared white matter integrity between these groups. In order to reflect clinical picture of TRS, we enrolled TRS patients who had severe symptoms. According to the consensus criteria for TRS. TRS was defined by severe positive symptomatology despite optimal antipsychotic treatment. Fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter integrity, was examined by DTI and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics in 24 TRS patients (mean PANSS = 108.9), 28 non-TRS patients (mean PANSS = 50.0), and 27 healthy controls (HCs) for group comparison. Additionally, correlation analyses were conducted between FA values and symptomatology. The TRS group had lower FA values in multiple tracts (cerebral peduncle, corona radiata, corpus callosum, external and internal capsules, posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, tapetum, and uncinate fasciculus) compared to the HC group as well as the non-TRS group (p < .05; family-wise error-corrected), while no differences were found between the non-TRS and HC groups. In the TRS group, FA values in most of the tracts (other than the left anterior limb of internal capsule, left cerebral peduncle, and right uncinate fasciculus) were negatively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores, and negative and general symptom scores. No such relationships were found in the non-TRS group. The identified white matter integrity deficits may reflect the pathophysiology of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ochi
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuchimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fumi Masuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kamiyu Ogyu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Lahey BB, Hinton KE, Meyer FC, Villalta-Gil V, Van Hulle CA, Applegate B, Yang X, Zald DH. Sex differences in associations of socioemotional dispositions measured in childhood and adolescence with brain white matter microstructure 12 years later. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 3:e5. [PMID: 32524066 PMCID: PMC7253690 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Predictive associations were estimated between socioemotional dispositions measured at 10-17 years using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale (CADS) and future individual differences in white matter microstructure measured at 22-31 years of age. Participants were 410 twins (48.3% monozygotic) selected for later neuroimaging by oversampling on risk for psychopathology from a representative sample of child and adolescent twins. Controlling for demographic covariates and total intracranial volume (TICV), each CADS disposition (negative emotionality, prosociality, and daring) rated by one of the informants (parent or youth) significantly predicted global fractional anisotropy (FA) averaged across the major white matter tracts in brain in adulthood, but did so through significant interactions with sex after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. In females, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated prosociality was associated with 0.43 SD greater FA (p < 0.0008). In males, each 1 SD difference in greater parent-rated daring was associated with 0.24 SD lower FA (p < 0.0008), and each 1 SD difference in greater youth-rated negative emotionality was associated with 0.18 SD greater average FA (p < 0.0040). These findings suggest that CADS dispositions are associated with FA, but associations differ by sex. Exploratory analyses suggest that FA may mediate the associations between dispositions and psychopathology in some cases. These associations over 12 years could reflect enduring brain-behavior associations in spite of transactions with the environment, but could equally reflect processes in which dispositional differences in behavior influence the development of white matter. Future longitudinal studies are needed to resolve the causal nature of these sex-moderated associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kendra E. Hinton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research, and Technology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Xiaochan Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David H. Zald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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22
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Kaczkurkin AN, Raznahan A, Satterthwaite TD. Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:71-85. [PMID: 29930385 PMCID: PMC6235840 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge. Many of these illnesses have substantial sex differences in prevalence, suggesting that sex differences in brain development may underlie differential risk for psychiatric symptoms between males and females. Substantial evidence documents sex differences in brain structure and function in adults, and accumulating data suggests that these sex differences may be present or emerge during development. Here we review the evidence for sex differences in brain structure, white matter organization, and perfusion during development. We then use these normative differences as a framework to understand sex differences in brain development associated with psychopathology. In particular, we focus on sex differences in the brain as they relate to anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. Finally, we highlight existing limitations, gaps in knowledge, and fertile avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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23
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Tønnesen S, Kaufmann T, Doan NT, Alnæs D, Córdova-Palomera A, Meer DVD, Rokicki J, Moberget T, Gurholt TP, Haukvik UK, Ueland T, Lagerberg TV, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. White matter aberrations and age-related trajectories in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14129. [PMID: 30237410 PMCID: PMC6147807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported by histological and genetic evidence implicating myelin, neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown white matter (WM) abnormalities when compared to healthy controls (HC). The diagnostic specificity remains unclear, with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently conceptualized as a less severe clinical manifestation along a psychotic spectrum. Further, the age-related dynamics and possible sex differences of WM abnormalities in SZ and BD are currently understudied. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) we compared DTI-based microstructural indices between SZ (n = 128), BD (n = 61), and HC (n = 293). We tested for age-by-group and sex-by-group interactions, computed effect sizes within different age-bins and within genders. TBSS revealed global reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increases in radial (RD) diffusivity in SZ compared to HC, with strongest effects in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum, and lower FA in SZ compared to BD in right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and no significant differences between BD and HC. The results were not strongly dependent on age or sex. Despite lack of significant group-by-age interactions, a sliding-window approach supported widespread WM involvement in SZ with most profound differences in FA from the late 20 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Goldsmith DR, Crooks CL, Walker EF, Cotes RO. An Update on Promising Biomarkers in Schizophrenia. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2018; 16:153-163. [PMID: 31975910 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the heterogeneity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and current treatment limitations, biomarkers may play an important role in diagnosis, subtype stratification, and the assessment of treatment response. Though many potential biomarkers have been studied, we have chosen to focus on some of the most promising and potentially clinically relevant biomarkers to review herein. These include markers of inflammation, neuroimaging biomarkers, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, genetic/epigenetic markers, and speech analysis. This will provide a broad overview of putative biomarkers that could become clinically relevant in the future, though none currently appear ready to assist the clinician in identifying cases of schizophrenia, subtypes of the disorder, treatment choice, or response. Nonetheless, some biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), may be useful at identifying individuals who may be more highly inflamed, which could drive treatment choice. Though checking CRP is not a standard of practice, this is one example of how biomarkers may drive treatment decisions in the future, supporting precision medicine. Similarly, technological advances may one day allow clinicians to detect changes in speech patterns, which could represent a noninvasive, clinically useful tool in the future. We conclude the review by highlighting two important potential clinical uses for biomarkers in schizophrenia: the identification of individuals who may convert from clinical high risk and the stratification of patients via different biomarkers that may supersede clinical diagnosis. Given the enormous burden of illness of schizophrenia, the search for clinically relevant biomarkers is of great importance to improve the lives of patients with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Goldsmith
- Dr. Goldsmith, Dr. Crooks, and Dr. Cotes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Crooks is also with the Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta. Dr. Walker is with the Department of Psychology, Emory University
| | - Courtney L Crooks
- Dr. Goldsmith, Dr. Crooks, and Dr. Cotes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Crooks is also with the Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta. Dr. Walker is with the Department of Psychology, Emory University
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Dr. Goldsmith, Dr. Crooks, and Dr. Cotes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Crooks is also with the Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta. Dr. Walker is with the Department of Psychology, Emory University
| | - Robert O Cotes
- Dr. Goldsmith, Dr. Crooks, and Dr. Cotes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Crooks is also with the Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta. Dr. Walker is with the Department of Psychology, Emory University
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