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Ma Y, Fei Y, Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J, Liu G. Trace metal elements: a bridge between host and intestinal microorganisms. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1976-1993. [PMID: 37528296 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of various enzymes. Symbiotic intestinal microorganisms compete with their host for the use of trace metal elements. Moreover, the metabolic processes of trace metal elements in the host and microorganisms affect the organism's health. Supplementation or the lack of trace metal elements in the host can change the intestinal microbial community structure and function. Functional changes in symbiotic microorganisms can affect the host's metabolism of trace metal elements. In this review, we discuss the absorption and transport processes of trace metal elements in the host and symbiotic microorganisms and the effects of dynamic changes in the levels of trace metal elements on the intestinal microbial community structure. We also highlight the participation of trace metal elements as enzyme cofactors in the host immune process. Our findings indicate that the host uses metal nutrition immunity or metal poisoning to resist pathogens and improve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yanquan Fei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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Shen X, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Ping Z, Wu J. Effect of Foliage Dressing in Nano-Potassium Molybdate on Daily Gain and Antioxidant Function in Grazing the Chinese Merino Sheep. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5064-5072. [PMID: 35001342 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The study was implemented for exploring influences of nano-K2MoO4 on the daily gain and antioxidant function of Chinese merino sheep in the native pasture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest of China. Eighty of the sheep, weight of (45.56 ± 2.35) kg, were randomly distributed to the tested areas for 90 days, 20 sheep/group. The findings showed that the contents of Mo and N in the forage of applying nano-K2MoO4 were extremely higher than those in the control pastures (P <0.01). The daily gain in the fertilized groups were remarkably lower than that in the control group (P <0.01). The harvest of forage in the fertilized pastures were significantly higher than those in control (P <0.01). The contents of Mo in blood and liver in grazing the Chinese merino sheep were extremely higher than those from the control group (P <0.01). The contents of Cu in blood and liver in grazing the Chinese merino sheep were extremely lower than those in the unfertilized pastures (P <0.01). The levels of hemoglobin (Hb), blood platelet (PLT), and erythrocyte count (RBC) in animals from the fertilized pastures were extremely lower than those in the control pastures (P < 0.01). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in serum were significantly lower than those in group C. The serum MDA levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the application of nano-K2MoO4 in pastures can greatly improve the yield of forage, but strikingly decreased the daily gain and antioxidant function in grazing the Chinese merino sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China
- World Bank Poverty Alleviation Project Office in Guizhou, Southwest China, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - QiongLian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhou Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiahai Wu
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China.
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Shen X, Zhao K, Mo B. Effects of Molybdenosis on Antioxidant Capacity in Endangered Przewalski's Gazelles in the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve in the Northwestern China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03470-6. [PMID: 36348175 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of molybdenosis on antioxidant capacity in endangered Przewalski's gazelles (Procapra przewalskii) in the animal rescue center in the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve in Northwestern China. Ten P. przewalskii in molybdenosis were selected and treated orally with copper sulfate (CuSO4) at a dose of 20 g/animal/5 days for 20 days. Ten healthy P. przewalskii were also selected and allocated to healthy pastures for 20 days. Samples of soil, forage, and animal tissue were collected. The values of mineral and hematological parameters were measured. Results showed levels of molybdenum (Mo) in soil and forage were significantly higher than those in healthy ranches (P < 0.01). The Mo content of blood and hair in gazelles from the rescue center was also significantly higher than those in the healthy ranches animals (P < 0.01). The copper (Cu) contents in blood and hair from the rescue center were significantly lower than those from the healthy pasture (P < 0.01). Hemoglobin (Hb) and red cell volume (PCV) in the gazelles from the animal rescue center were significantly lower than those from animals in healthy ranches (P < 0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphocreatine kinase (CPK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly higher than those from gazelles in healthy ranches (P < 0.01). The antioxidant capacity in gazelles from the animal rescue center was significantly lower than that of gazelles in healthy ranches. Supplementing CuSO4 significantly decreased the Mo content of blood and cured molybdenosis in gazelles. In summary, the Mo content of soil and forage was very excessive for gazelles in the animal rescue center. The antioxidant capacity of P. przewalskii has been seriously affected by molybdenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shen
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
- The Project Center, Guizhou Rural Revitalization Bureau, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Bentian Mo
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550005, China.
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Mudarisova RK, Kukovinets OS, Kolesov SV. Manganese(II) Complex Compounds with Apple Pectin Modified with Amino Acids (L-Phenylalanine, L-Histidine, and L-Tryptophan). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim B, Jeong JY, Park SH, Jung H, Kim M. Effects of dietary copper sources and levels on growth performance, copper digestibility, fecal and serum mineral characteristics in growing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:885-896. [PMID: 36287789 PMCID: PMC9574621 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three different
copper (Cu) sources (one inorganic and two organics) and levels (0, 50, and 100
mg/kg) on the growth performance, Cu digestibility, fecal mineral excretion,
serum mineral concentration, jejunal morphology, and serum biochemical profile
of growing pigs. A total of 42 male, growing pigs (31.08 ± 1.82 kg) were
randomly assigned to seven treatments consisting of one negative control (0
mg/kg of added Cu level) and treatments with copper sulfate (CuSO4), Cu-amino
acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex
(CuHMB) at 50 and 100 mg/kg each for 28 d. Pigs fed 50 or 100 mg/kg of Cu showed
improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain and feed intake.
Although Cu excretion decreased (p < 0.01) in pigs fed
100 mg/kg of organic Cu sources compared to those fed CuSO4, there
was no difference between the Cu sources in pigs fed 50 mg/kg. However, the
apparent total tract digestibility of Cu increased (p <
0.01) in pigs fed organic Cu sources compared with that in pigs fed
CuSO4. The addition of CuHMB increased (p
< 0.01) serum phosphorus and sulfur concentrations; however, there were
no effects of source and level on jejunal morphology and serum biochemical
profile. These results suggest that the inclusion (50 mg/kg) of organic Cu
sources (CuAA and CuHMB) in the growing pig diet could be beneficial for growth
performance and Cu availability and may reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghyeon Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Park
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Wen Y, Li R, Piao X, Lin G, He P. Different copper sources and levels affect growth performance, copper content, carcass characteristics, intestinal microorganism and metabolism of finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:321-330. [PMID: 35024469 PMCID: PMC8718720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in the production of swine. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 3 different sources of Cu on growth performance, Cu metabolism, and intestinal microorganisms of finishing pigs, so as to estimate the bioavailability of the 3 sources for pigs. A total of 42 male finishing pigs (88.74 ± 5.74 kg) were randomly allocated to 7 treatments. The factors were 3 sources (CuSO4, Cu-glycine, Cu-proteinate) and 2 levels (5 and 20 mg/kg) of Cu, plus one negative control treatment (0 mg/kg added Cu level) for the entire 28-d experiment. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) both increased when Cu was added. The Cu level in liver, bile, kidney, serum, lung, urine and feces rose (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Cu level regardless of the source. Meanwhile, pigs receiving organic Cu (glycinate or proteinate) retained more Cu and excreted less Cu than those receiving inorganic Cu (CuSO4), which showed that organic forms were more bioavailable. At the transcriptional level, changes in the level and source of dietary Cu resulted in modulation of transporters. In the jejunal mucosa, import transporter high affinity copper uptake protein 1 (CTR1) and export transporter ATPase copper transporting alpha (ATP7A) in supplemental Cu treatments were down-regulated compared to the control. Also, peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and lanine-serine-cysteine transporter, type-2 (ASCT2) were significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated in 20 mg/kg Cu-proteinate and Cu-glycinate treatments, respectively. Microbial diversity was lowest in the 20 mg/kg CuSO4 treatment, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was higher in added Cu treatments, especially Cu-glycinate treatment. These results indicate that uptake of different Cu forms is facilitated by different transporters and transport mechanisms, and compared with inorganic Cu, organic Cu provides benefits to intestinal microflora and reduces Cu excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhou D, Zhao Y, Li J, Ravichandran V, Wang L, Huang Q, Chen C, Ni H, Yin J. Effects of Phytic Acid-Degrading Bacteria on Mineral Element Content in Mice. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:753195. [PMID: 34880838 PMCID: PMC8645864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.753195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace minerals are extremely important for balanced nutrition, growth, and development in animals and humans. Phytic acid chelation promotes the use of probiotics in nutrition. The phytic acid-degrading strain Lactococcus lactis psm16 was obtained from swine milk by enrichment culture and direct plate methods. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the strain psm16 on mineral element content in a mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups: basal diet, 1% phytic acid, 1% phytic acid + psm16, 1% phytic acid + 500 U/kg commercial phytase. Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased in the strain psm16 group compared to the phytic acid group. The concentrations of copper (p = 0.021) and zinc (p = 0.017) in liver, calcium (p = 0.000), manganese (p = 0.000), and zinc (p = 0.000) in plasma and manganese (p = 0.010) and zinc (p = 0.022) in kidney were significantly increased in psm16 group, while copper (p = 0.007) and magnesium (p = 0.001) were significantly reduced. In conclusion, the addition of phytic acid-degrading bacteria psm16 into a diet including phytic acid can affect the content of trace elements in the liver, kidney, and plasma of mice, counteracting the harmful effects of phytic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Mendonça MV, Nakasone DH, Martinez CHG, Gemelli JL, Pereira ASC, Pugine SMP, de Melo MP, de Andrade AFC, Araújo LF, Augusto KVZ, Yanming H, Martins SMMK. Copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improve growth performance and carcass and reduce diarrhea frequency in grower-finisher pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab202. [PMID: 34859199 PMCID: PMC8633754 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) hydroxychloride cosupplementation on the growth performance, diarrhea frequency, carcass, meat quality, and antioxidant activity in grower-finisher pigs. A total of 256 pigs were used from 70 to 154 days (d) of age, distributed in four treatments, with eight pigs in each pen and eight replications per treatment. Diets were provided to grower pigs from 70 to 112 days old and in the finisher, 112 to 154 days old. Copper was considered the low level at 100 mg Cu/kg and 90 mg Cu/kg, respectively, and 150 mg Cu/kg in both periods as high in the grower and finisher periods. In the grower and finisher period, zinc was cosupplemented in the diet at 80 mg Zn/kg and 70 mg Zn/kg, respectively. In the diets, T1 and T2 groups are the traditional inorganic sources for minerals (copper sulfate, CuSO4; zinc oxide, ZnO) and T3 and T4 hydroxychloride sources (copper hydroxychloride, CHC, and zinc hydroxychloride, ZHC). The flavomycin was associated with treatments with low Cu content in the inclusion of 50 g/ton. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, the data were submitted to analysis of PROC MIXED in SAS, the PDIFF test analyzed the treatment effect. At the finisher period, pigs fed both minerals from hydroxychloride source had a higher BW 154 d, average daily gain (ADG) 70 to 154 d, the hot and cold carcass weight and frequency of normal feces than those fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source (P < 0.05). The animals fed low Cu levels of the sulfate source had a higher ADG 70 to 154 d than those fed high Cu levels of the same source (P < 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg cosupplemented with Zn from a hydroxychloride source had the highest carcass length (P < 0.05). There was no difference among the treatments for meat quality (P > 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source had a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Animals fed low Cu levels from hydroxychloride had a higher malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than those fed sulfate source, regardless of the Cu levels and those fed high Cu levels of hydroxychloride (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 150 mg Cu/kg as copper sulfate cosupplemented to zinc oxide in the diet of growing and finishing pigs impairs the growth performance, carcass and increases diarrhea frequency, and copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improves these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitê Vidal Mendonça
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Denis Hideki Nakasone
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Luana Gemelli
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariza Pires de Melo
- Department of Basic Sciences, FZEA, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Francelino Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, FZEA, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Han Yanming
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, 3800 AG Amersfoort, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Li F, Liu L, Chen X, Zhang B, Li F. Dietary Copper Supplementation Increases Growth Performance by Increasing Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Antioxidant Activity in Rex Rabbits. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4614-4623. [PMID: 33415583 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper is often used as a growth promoter, at the same time copper is one of the most important essential trace elements for fur animals, especially Rex rabbits. However, too much copper added to the diet may harm animal health, and copper excreted in feces can pollute the environment. In this study, 3-month-old Rex rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and fed a basal diet containing 0, 30, 60, or 120 mg/kg Cu for 5 weeks. The diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg Cu significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain (ADG) and also the activity of serum Cu-Zn (zinc) superoxide dismutase and the digestibility of ether extract. Supplemental Cu up to 120 mg/kg did not significantly adversely affect the Zn metabolism of growing Rex rabbits. Overall, the data in this study indicate that 30 mg/kg is the optimal level of Cu supplementation in the diet of growing Rex rabbits. The results will provide a reference to improve the breeding of Rex rabbits and possibly other animals. In follow-up studies, the amount of copper in the diet should be reduced as much as possible from the baseline of 30 mg/kg copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Pajarillo EAB, Lee E, Kang DK. Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron, manganese, zinc, and copper. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:750-761. [PMID: 34466679 PMCID: PMC8379138 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are recognized as essential trace elements. These trace metals play critical roles in development, growth, and metabolism, participating in various metabolic processes by acting as cofactors of enzymes or providing structural support to proteins. Deficiency or toxicity of these metals can impact human and animal health, giving rise to a number of metabolic and neurological disorders. Proper breakdown, absorption, and elimination of these trace metals is a tightly regulated process that requires crosstalk between the host and these micronutrients. The gut is a complex system that serves as the interface between these components, but other factors that contribute to this delicate interaction are not well understood. The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms and microbial genes (the gut microbiome) that can regulate the metabolism and transport of micronutrients and contribute to the bioavailability of trace metals through their assimilation from food sources or by competing with the host. Furthermore, deficiency or toxicity of these metals can modulate the gut microenvironment, including microbiota, nutrient availability, stress, and immunity. Thus, understanding the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism of manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, as well as in heavy metal deficiencies and toxicities, and vice versa, may provide insight into developing improved or alternative therapeutic strategies to address emerging health concerns. This review describes the current understanding of how the gut microbiome and trace metals interact and affect host health, particularly in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Alain B. Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee 32307, FL, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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