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Ganhör C, Rezk M, Doppler C, Ruthmeier T, Wechselberger C, Müller M, Kotnik M, Puh Š, Messner B, Bernhard D. Aluminum, a colorful gamechanger: Uptake of an aluminum-containing food color in human cells and its implications for human health. Food Chem 2024; 442:138404. [PMID: 38237295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum is added to many food colors to change their solubility. This study compares the aluminum-containing food color carmine with its aluminum-free version carminic acid (both E 120), hypothesizing that the addition of aluminum does not only change the color's solubility, but also its effects on human cells. We could show that carmine, but not carminic acid, is taken up by gastrointestinal Caco-2 and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Clear differences between gene expression profiles of Caco-2 cells exposed to carmine, carminic acid or control were shown. KEGG analysis revealed that carmine-specific genes suppress oxidative phosphorylation, and showed that this suppression is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. Furthermore, carmine, but not carminic acid, increased proliferation of Caco-2 cells. Our findings show that a food color containing aluminum induces different cellular effects compared to its aluminum-free form, which is currently not considered in EU legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ganhör
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Marlene Rezk
- Experimental Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Christian Doppler
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Teresa Ruthmeier
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Wechselberger
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Marina Müller
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Michaela Kotnik
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Špela Puh
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Bernhard
- Division of Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 5, 4020 Linz, Austria; Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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2
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Oezen G, Kraus L, Schentarra EM, Bolten JS, Huwyler J, Fricker G. Aluminum and ABC transporter activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104451. [PMID: 38648870 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum is the third most common element on Earth´s crust and despite its wide use in our workaday life it has been associated with several health risks after overexposure. In the present study the impact of aluminum salts upon ABC transporter activity was studied in the P-GP-expressing human blood-brain barrier cell line hCMEC/D3, in MDCKII cells overexpressing BCRP and MRP2, respectively, and in freshly isolated, functionally intact kidney tubules from Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), which express the analog ABC transporters, P-gp, Bcrp and Mrp2. In contrast to previous findings with heavy metals salts (cadmium(II) chloride or mercury(II) chloride), which have a strong inhibitory effect on ABC transporter activity, or zinc(II) chloride and sodium arsenite, which have a stimulatory effect upon ABC transport function, the results indicate no modulatory effect of aluminum salts on the efflux activity of the human ABC transporters P-GP, BCRP and MRP2 nor on the analog transporters P-gp, Bcrp and Mrp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goezde Oezen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States
| | - Lisa Kraus
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States
| | - Eva-Maria Schentarra
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States
| | - Jan Stephan Bolten
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Huwyler
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States.
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3
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Min Y, Suminda GGD, Heo Y, Kim M, Ghosh M, Son YO. Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Their Relevant Consequences on Cytotoxicity Cascade and Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030703. [PMID: 36978951 PMCID: PMC10044810 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging nanoscience allows us to take advantage of the improved evolutionary components and apply today’s advanced characterization and fabrication techniques to solve environmental and biological problems. Despite the promise that nanotechnology will improve our lives, the potential risks of technology remain largely uncertain. The lack of information on bio-impacts and the absence of consistent standards are the limitations of using metal-based nanoparticles (mNPs) for existing applications. To analyze the role played by the mNPs physicochemical characteristics and tactics to protect live beings, the field of nanotoxicology nowadays is focused on collecting and analyzing data from in vitro and in vivo investigations. The degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress caused by material nanoparticles (NPs) depends on many factors, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. These characteristics enable NPs to enter cells and interact with biological macromolecules and cell organelles, resulting in oxidative damage, an inflammatory response, the development of mitochondrial dysfunction, damage to genetic material, or cytotoxic effects. This report explored the mechanisms and cellular signaling cascades of mNPs-induced oxidative stress and the relevant health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yunji Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Educational, Krishnankoil 626126, India
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +82-10-6752-9677 (M.G.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (Y.-O.S.); Tel.: +82-10-6752-9677 (M.G.); +82-64-754-3331 (Y.-O.S.)
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4
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Makhdoomi S, Ariafar S, Mirzaei F, Mohammadi M. Aluminum neurotoxicity and autophagy: a mechanistic view. Neurol Res 2023; 45:216-225. [PMID: 36208459 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
It is strongly believed that aluminum is one of the insalubrious agents because of its neurotoxicity effects and influences on amyloid β (Aβ) production and tau protein hyperphosphorylation following oxidative stress, as one of the initial events in neurotoxicity. The autophagy process plays a considerable role in neurons in preserving intracellular homeostasis and recycling organelles and proteins, especially Aβ and soluble tau. Thus, autophagy is suggested to ameliorate aluminum neurotoxicity effects, and dysfunction of this process can lead to an increase in detrimental proteins. However, the relationship between aluminum neurotoxicity and autophagy dysregulation in some dimensions remains unclear. In the present review, we want to give an overview of the autophagy roles in aluminum neurotoxicity and how dysregulation of autophagy can affect aluminum neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Makhdoomi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saba Ariafar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Hao W, Hao C, Wu C, Xu Y, Jin C. Aluminum induced intestinal dysfunction via mechanical, immune, chemical and biological barriers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132556. [PMID: 34648793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the Earth's crust, which exists naturally in the form of aluminum compounds. Aluminum is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, which varies with different aluminum compounds. During this process, aluminum could induce the disruption of intestinal mucosa barrier. However, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Previous studies have reported that aluminum can firstly promote the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, destroy the structure of tight-junction proteins, and increase the intestinal permeability, injuring the mechanical barrier of gut. Also, it can induce the activation of immune cells to secrete inflammatory factors, and trigger immune responses, interfering with immune barrier. Moreover, aluminum treatment can regulate intestinal composition and bio-enzyme activity, impairing the function of chemical barrier. In addition, aluminum accumulation can induce an imbalance of the intestinal flora, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria, and promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, which ultimately disrupting biological barrier. Collectively, aluminum may do extensive damage to intestinal barrier function covering mechanical barrier, immune barrier, chemical barrier and biological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chengrong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China.
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6
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Zhang Q, Yang H, Sahito B, Li X, Peng L, Gao X, Ji H, Wang L, Jiang S, Guo D. Nanostructured lipid carriers with exceptional gastrointestinal stability and inhibition of P-gp efflux for improved oral delivery of tilmicosin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 187:110649. [PMID: 31767412 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TMS) is widely applied to treat porcine bacterial respiratory diseases in veterinary medicine. However, oral administration of TMS is greatly limited due to its physicochemical properties, such as poor water solubility, gastric acid sensitivity and bitterness. Therefore, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed as an oral delivery system for TMS by the high shear method combined with ultrasonic techniques in this study. The results showed that TMS-NLCs were approximately spherical with a hydrodynamic diameter of 283.03 nm and a zeta potential of -30.04 mV. TMS was almost entirely encapsulated in the NLCs by interacting with the lipid matrix, as characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thus, TMS-NLCs had an excellent encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity with values of 93.46% and 9.23%, respectively. TMS-NLCs maintained good stability not only during storage at 4 ℃, 25 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 90 days but also in stimulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids at 37 ℃ for 7 days. Therefore, TMS-NLCs displayed low and sustained release in vitro without an initial burst release in stimulated GI fluids. Furthermore, TMS-NLCs showed higher oral bioavailability in piglets compared to the API suspension. Subsequently, Caco-2 cell monolayers were utilized to analyze the mechanism of NLC-enhanced oral adsorption of TMS. The data revealed that NLCs not only increased cellular uptake of TMS but also inhibited the efflux of P-gp in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, TMS-NLCs mainly entered Caco-2 cells via the caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis pathway. Moreover, nanoparticles were transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers in the intact form to the basolateral side, as identified by transmission electron microscopy, indicating that TMS-NLCs escape lysosome degradation. Taken together, these results indicate that NLCs are a potential delivery carrier for improving the solubility, permeability and oral bioavailability of TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Animal Pharmacy, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Benazir Sahito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lin Peng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiuge Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liping Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Dawei Guo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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7
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Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 12:45-70. [PMID: 32206026 PMCID: PMC7071840 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Tirumanyam M, Nadella R, Kondammagari S, Borelli DPR, Nannepaga JS. Bacopa phospholipid complex retrieves aluminum maltolate complex-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic alterations in the brain regions of albino rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12071-12079. [PMID: 30827024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly bioavailable plant phospholipid complex that can reverse aluminum maltolate (AlM)-induced toxicity is not yet reported. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the impact of oxidative stress and apoptotic changes provoked by Al and ameliorative role of Bacopa phospholipid complex (BPC) in albino rats. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBA-RS) were measured and immunohistochemistry analysis of apoptotic markers, Bax and Bcl-2, was done from the four brain regions such as the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic markers that were decreased on AlM induction showed a significant increase in their levels, almost as observed in the control, when treated with BPC and Bm. Our results indicate that both BPC and Bm showed a therapeutic effect against AlM toxicity; however, it was found that the therapeutic potential of BPC was more pronounced than Bm against AlM-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Tirumanyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- Department of Biological Sciences, IIIT-Srikakulam, Etcherla, 532 410, India
| | - Saritha Kondammagari
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | | | - John Sushma Nannepaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India.
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Sieg H, Braeuning C, Kunz BM, Daher H, Kästner C, Krause BC, Meyer T, Jalili P, Hogeveen K, Böhmert L, Lichtenstein D, Burel A, Chevance S, Jungnickel H, Tentschert J, Laux P, Braeuning A, Gauffre F, Fessard V, Meijer J, Estrela-Lopis I, Thünemann AF, Luch A, Lampen A. Uptake and molecular impact of aluminum-containing nanomaterials on human intestinal caco-2 cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:992-1013. [PMID: 30317887 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1504999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most common elements in the earth crust and increasingly used in food, consumer products and packaging. Its hazard potential for humans is still not completely understood. Besides the metallic form, Al also exists as mineral, including the insoluble oxide, and in soluble ionic forms. Representatives of these three species, namely a metallic and an oxidic species of Al-containing nanoparticles and soluble aluminum chloride, were applied to human intestinal cell lines as models for the intestinal barrier. We characterized physicochemical particle parameters, protein corona composition, ion release and cellular uptake. Different in vitro assays were performed to determine potential effects and molecular modes of action related to the individual chemical species. For a deeper insight into signaling processes, microarray transcriptome analyses followed by bioinformatic data analysis were employed. The particulate Al species showed different solubility in biological media. Metallic Al nanoparticles released more ions than Al2O3 nanoparticles, while AlCl3 showed a mixture of dissolved and agglomerated particulate entities in biological media. The protein corona composition differed between both nanoparticle species. Cellular uptake, investigated in transwell experiments, occurred predominantly in particulate form, whereas ionic Al was not taken up by intestinal cell lines. Transcellular transport was not observed. None of the Al species showed cytotoxic effects up to 200 µg Al/mL. The transcriptome analysis indicated mainly effects on oxidative stress pathways, xenobiotic metabolism and metal homeostasis. We have shown for the first time that intestinal cellular uptake of Al occurs preferably in the particle form, while toxicological effects appear to be ion-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Sieg
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Caroline Braeuning
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Birgitta Maria Kunz
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hannes Daher
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Claudia Kästner
- b German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin-Christoph Krause
- c Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Pégah Jalili
- e ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants unit , Fougères Cedex , France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- e ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants unit , Fougères Cedex , France
| | - Linda Böhmert
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Agnès Burel
- f CNRS, Inserm , Univ Rennes , Rennes , France
| | - Soizic Chevance
- g CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , Univ Rennes , Rennes , France
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- c Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- c Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- b German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- g CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , Univ Rennes , Rennes , France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- e ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of contaminants unit , Fougères Cedex , France
| | - Jan Meijer
- h Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- b German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- c Department of Chemical and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- a Department of Food Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
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Sun J, Kormakov S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wu D, Yang Z. Recent Progress in Metal-Based Nanoparticles Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E1704. [PMID: 30002333 PMCID: PMC6099795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to non-invasively treat and diagnose various cancers and nonmalignant diseases by combining light, oxygen, and photosensitizers (PSs). However, the application of PDT is hindered by poor water solubility and limited light-penetration depth of the currently available photosensitizers (PSs). Water solubility of PSs is crucial for designing pharmaceutical formulation and administration routes. Wavelength of light source at visible range normally has therapeutic depth less than 1 mm. In this review, focus is on the recent research progress of metal-based nanoparticles being applied in PDT. The potential toxicity of these nanoscales and future directions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Semen Kormakov
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Daming Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Yang L, Wei Y, Luo Y, Yang Q, Li H, Hu C, Yang Y, Yang J. Effect of PGE 2-EP s pathway on primary cultured rat neuron injury caused by aluminum. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92004-92017. [PMID: 29190893 PMCID: PMC5696159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To observe the characteristic changes of PGE2-EPs pathway and divergent functions of PGE2 receptor subtypes on neuronal injury. The primary cultured rat hippocampus neuron injury model was established via aluminum maltolate (100 μM). The aluminum-overload neurons were treated with the agonists of EP1 (17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin E2 ethyl amide), EP2 (Butaprost), EP3 (Sulprostone) and EP4 (CAY10598) and antagonists of EP1 (SC-19220), EP2 (AH6809) and EP4 (L-161982) at different concentrations, respectively. The neuronal viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate and PGE2 content were detected by MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of mPGES-1 and EPs were determined by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The pathomorphology was identified by hematoxylin-eosin staining. In the model group, neuronal viability significantly decreased, while lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate and PGE2 content increased. The mPGES-1, EP1, EP2 and EP4 mRNA expression, and the mPGES-1, EP1 and EP2 protein expression increased, while EP3 level decreased. EP3 agonist exerted protective function in neuronal viability and lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate, while EP1 agonist, EP2 and EP4 antagonist exerted an opposite effect. In conclusion, aluminum-overload caused an imbalance of PGE2-EP1-4 pathway and activation of EP receptor may provide a viable therapeutic target in neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuling Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qunfang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Congli Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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Neves AR, Queiroz JF, Lima SAC, Reis S. Apo E-Functionalization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhances Brain Drug Delivery: Uptake Mechanism and Transport Pathways. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:995-1004. [PMID: 28355061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been implemented to enhance brain drug delivery, and herein solid lipid nanoparticles functionalized with apolipoprotein E were tested in hCMEC/D3 cell monolayers. The mean diameter of 160 nm, negative charge of -12 mV, and their lipophilic characteristics make these nanosystems suitable for brain delivery. Confocal images and flow cytometry data showed a cellular uptake increase of 1.8-fold for SLN-Palmitate-ApoE and 1.9-fold for SLN-DSPE-ApoE when compared with the non-functionalized SLNs. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was distinguished as the preferential internalization pathway involved in cellular uptake and nanoparticles could cross the blood-brain barrier predominantly by a transcellular pathway. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transport of these nanosystems through the blood-brain barrier may potentiate their application on brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rute Neves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Fontes Queiroz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Yu L, Zhai Q, Yin R, Li P, Tian F, Liu X, Zhao J, Gong J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 Alleviate Trace Element Imbalance-Related Oxidative Stress in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Aluminum Exposure Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:342-349. [PMID: 27627960 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has various adverse effects on health of humans and animals. The aim of present study was to demonstrate that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 can alleviate the adverse effects on liver and kidney of mice caused by chronic Al exposure. Animals were assigned into control, CCFM639 only, Al only, Al plus CCFM639, and Al plus deferiprone groups. The strain was given by oral gavage for 14 weeks, and Al was introduced via drinking water for the first 8 weeks. Analyses of Al and trace elements levels in feces, blood, and tissues were performed. The biochemical markers (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT, and MDA) of oxidative stress in livers and kidneys, as well as the levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and CRE in blood, were determined. Our results showed that L. plantarum CCFM639 can significantly reduce Al accumulation in tissues, regulate imbalance of trace elements, and thereby alleviate oxidative stress and pathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 could alleviate Al-induced hepatic and renal injuries, and the possible mechanisms may involve in regulating the imbalance of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Ruijie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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14
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In vitro toxicity assessment of oral nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:381-401. [PMID: 27544694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating properties of nanomaterials opened new frontiers in medicine. Nanocarriers are useful systems in transporting drugs to site-specific targets. The unique physico-chemical characteristics making nanocarriers promising devices to treat diseases may also be responsible for potential adverse effects. In order to develop functional nano-based drug delivery systems, efficacy and safety should be carefully evaluated. To date, no common testing strategy to address nanomaterial toxicological challenges has been generated. Different cell culture models are currently used to evaluate nanocarrier safety using conventional in vitro assays, but overall they have generated a huge amount of conflicting data. In this review we describe state-of-the-art approaches for in vitro testing of orally administered nanocarriers, highlighting the importance of developing harmonized and validated standard operating procedures. These procedures should be applied in a safe-by-design context with the aim to reduce and/or eliminate the uncertainties and risks associated with nanomedicine development.
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15
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Vignal C, Desreumaux P, Body-Malapel M. Gut: An underestimated target organ for Aluminum. Morphologie 2016; 100:75-84. [PMID: 26970682 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since World War II, several factors such as an impressive industrial growth, an enhanced environmental bioavailability and intensified food consumption have contributed to a significant amplification of human exposure to aluminum. Aluminum is particularly present in food, beverages, some drugs and airbone dust. In our food, aluminum is superimposed via additives and cooking utensils. Therefore, the tolerable intake of aluminum is exceeded for a significant part of the world population, especially in children who are more vulnerable to toxic effects of pollutants than adults. Faced with this oral aluminum influx, intestinal tract is an essential barrier, especially as 38% of ingested aluminum accumulates at the intestinal mucosa. Although still poorly documented to date, the impact of oral exposure to aluminum in conditions relevant to real human exposure appears to be deleterious for gut homeostasis. Aluminum ingestion affects the regulation of the permeability, the microflora and the immune function of intestine. Nowadays, several arguments are consistent with an involvement of aluminum as an environmental risk factor for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vignal
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - P Desreumaux
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Body-Malapel
- Université de Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, LIRIC UMR 995, 59000 Lille, France
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16
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Grießinger JA, Hauptstein S, Laffleur F, Netsomboon K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Evaluation of the impact of multivalent metal ions on the permeation behavior of Dolutegravir sodium. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:1118-26. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Neves AR, Queiroz JF, Costa Lima SA, Figueiredo F, Fernandes R, Reis S. Cellular uptake and transcytosis of lipid-based nanoparticles across the intestinal barrier: Relevance for oral drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 463:258-65. [PMID: 26550783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the preferred route for drug delivery and nanosystems represent a promising tool for protection and transport of hardly soluble, chemically unstable and poorly permeable drugs through the intestinal barrier. In the present work, we have studied lipid nanoparticles cellular uptake, internalization pathways and transcytosis routes through Caco-2 cell monolayers. Both lipid nanosystems presented similar size (∼180nm) and surface charge (-30mV). Nanostructured lipid carriers showed a higher cellular uptake and permeability across the barrier, but solid lipid nanoparticles could enter cells faster than the former. The internalization of lipid nanoparticles occurs mainly through a clathrin-mediated endocytosis mechanism, although caveolae-mediated endocytosis is also involved in the uptake. Both lipid nanoparticles were able to cross the intestinal barrier by a preferential transcellular route. This work contributed to a better knowledge of the developed nanosystems for the oral delivery of a wide spectrum of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rute Neves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Fontes Queiroz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- HEMS/IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- HEMS/IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Dan M, Bae Y, Pittman TA, Yokel RA. Alternating magnetic field-induced hyperthermia increases iron oxide nanoparticle cell association/uptake and flux in blood-brain barrier models. Pharm Res 2015; 32:1615-25. [PMID: 25377069 PMCID: PMC4803069 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are being investigated for brain cancer therapy because alternating magnetic field (AMF) activates them to produce hyperthermia. For central nervous system applications, brain entry of diagnostic and therapeutic agents is usually essential. We hypothesized that AMF-induced hyperthermia significantly increases IONP blood-brain barrier (BBB) association/uptake and flux. METHODS Cross-linked nanoassemblies loaded with IONPs (CNA-IONPs) and conventional citrate-coated IONPs (citrate-IONPs) were synthesized and characterized in house. CNA-IONP and citrate-IONP BBB cell association/uptake and flux were studied using two BBB Transwell(®) models (bEnd.3 and MDCKII cells) after conventional and AMF-induced hyperthermia exposure. RESULTS AMF-induced hyperthermia for 0.5 h did not alter CNA-IONP size but accelerated citrate-IONP agglomeration. AMF-induced hyperthermia for 0.5 h enhanced CNA-IONP and citrate-IONP BBB cell association/uptake. It also enhanced the flux of CNA-IONPs across the two in vitro BBB models compared to conventional hyperthermia and normothermia, in the absence of cell death. Citrate-IONP flux was not observed under these conditions. AMF-induced hyperthermia also significantly enhanced paracellular pathway flux. The mechanism appears to involve more than the increased temperature surrounding the CNA-IONPs. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia induced by AMF activation of CNA-IONPs has potential to increase the BBB permeability of therapeutics for the diagnosis and therapy of various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Dan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
| | - Thomas A. Pittman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 335 Biopharmaceutical Complex (College of Pharmacy) Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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19
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Exley C, Mold MJ. The binding, transport and fate of aluminium in biological cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:90-5. [PMID: 25498314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and yet, paradoxically, it has no known biological function. Aluminium is biochemically reactive, it is simply that it is not required for any essential process in extant biota. There is evidence neither of element-specific nor evolutionarily conserved aluminium biochemistry. This means that there are no ligands or chaperones which are specific to its transport, there are no transporters or channels to selectively facilitate its passage across membranes, there are no intracellular storage proteins to aid its cellular homeostasis and there are no pathways which evolved to enable the metabolism and excretion of aluminium. Of course, aluminium is found in every compartment of every cell of every organism, from virus through to Man. Herein we have investigated each of the 'silent' pathways and metabolic events which together constitute a form of aluminium homeostasis in biota, identifying and evaluating as far as is possible what is known and, equally importantly, what is unknown about its uptake, transport, storage and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Matthew J Mold
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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20
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Wang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Ge L, Zhu J. Development of a Thermally Responsive Nanogel Based on Chitosan–Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide- co -Acrylamide) for Paclitaxel Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2012-2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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De Angelis I, Barone F, Zijno A, Bizzarri L, Russo MT, Pozzi R, Franchini F, Giudetti G, Uboldi C, Ponti J, Rossi F, De Berardis B. Comparative study of ZnO and TiO2nanoparticles: physicochemical characterisation and toxicological effects on human colon carcinoma cells. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1361-72. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.741724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Kalive M, Zhang W, Chen Y, Capco DG. Human intestinal epithelial cells exhibit a cellular response indicating a potential toxicity upon exposure to hematite nanoparticles. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:343-68. [PMID: 22903759 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different-sized nanoparticles on potential cytotoxicity in intestinal epithelia. Three sizes of hematite nanoparticles were used for the study at a 10 ppm concentration: 17, 53, and, 100 nm. Results indicate that, of the hematite nanoparticles tested, 17 nm was more toxic to the epithelial integrity than 53 or 100 nm. In addition, the epithelial integrity was affected by disruption of epithelial structures such as apical microvilli, and by disruption of the cell-cell junctions leading to reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance measurements (TEER). The drop in TEER was caused by disruption of the adhering junctions not by cell death, as determined by immunocytochemistry, and by using a cell viability assay. Epithelial integrity was also affected at the molecular level as shown by differential expression of genes related to cell junction maintenance, which was assessed by microarray analysis. In conclusion, the 17- and 100-nm hematite nanoparticles caused significant structural changes in the epithelium but not the 53 nm nanoparticles. Also, different-sized hematite nanoparticles each had different effects both at the cellular level and genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Kalive
- School of Life Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
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23
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Liang RF, Li WQ, Wang XH, Zhang HF, Wang H, Wang JX, Zhang Y, Wan MT, Pan BL, Niu Q. Aluminium-maltolate-induced impairment of learning, memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2012; 50:428-436. [PMID: 22878356 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aluminium (Al) has been proposed to be one of the environmental factors responsible for cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between Al and AD is controversial. To investigate the effects of subchronic Aluminium-maltolate (Al (mal)(3)) exposure on the behavioral, electrophysiological functions. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly distributed into five groups. Over two months, rats in the saline group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections 0.9% saline, rats in the maltolate group received 7.56 mg/kg maltolate, and rats in the 0.27, 0.54, 1.08 mg/kg Al (mal)(3) groups received i.p. administrations of these three doses, respectively. Neural behavior was assessed in Morris water maze. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus was recorded. Al content in the neocortex was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Our studies indicate that subchronic Al (mal)(3) exposure significantly impaired spatial learning and memory abilities, suppressed the LTP in the CA1 hippocampal area, and elevated Al levels in cerebral cortex in a dose-dependent fashion. In conclusion, low doses of Al (mal)(3) can still lead to dramatic Al accumulation in the brain, severely impair learning and memory capacities, and hippocampal LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Liang
- Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, P.R. China
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Ahmad J, Ahamed M, Akhtar MJ, Alrokayan SA, Siddiqui MA, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Apoptosis induction by silica nanoparticles mediated through reactive oxygen species in human liver cell line HepG2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 259:160-8. [PMID: 22245848 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles are increasingly utilized in various applications including agriculture and medicine. In vivo studies have shown that liver is one of the primary target organ of silica nanoparticles. However, possible mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by silica nanoparticles still remain unclear. In this study, we explored the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis induced by well-characterized 14nm silica nanoparticles in human liver cell line HepG2. Silica nanoparticles (25-200μg/ml) induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Silica nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by induction of ROS and lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione (GSH). Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting results showed that both the mRNA and protein expressions of cell cycle checkpoint gene p53 and apoptotic genes (bax and caspase-3) were up-regulated while the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was down-regulated in silica nanoparticles treated cells. Moreover, co-treatment of ROS scavenger vitamin C significantly attenuated the modulation of apoptotic markers along with the preservation of cell viability caused by silica nanoparticles. Our data demonstrated that silica nanoparticles induced apoptosis in human liver cells, which is ROS mediated and regulated through p53, bax/bcl-2 and caspase pathways. This study suggests that toxicity mechanisms of silica nanoparticles should be further investigated at in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Fazil M, Shadab, Baboota S, Sahni JK, Ali J. Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Past, present and future. J Drug Target 2011; 20:97-113. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.607499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Calatayud M, Devesa V, Montoro R, Vélez D. In vitro study of intestinal transport of arsenite, monomethylarsonous acid, and dimethylarsinous acid by Caco-2 cell line. Toxicol Lett 2011; 204:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schrand AM, Rahman MF, Hussain SM, Schlager JJ, Smith DA, Syed AF. Metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity assessment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:544-68. [PMID: 20681021 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can potentially cause adverse effects on organ, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and protein levels due to their unusual physicochemical properties (e.g., small size, high surface area to volume ratio, chemical composition, crystallinity, electronic properties, surface structure reactivity and functional groups, inorganic or organic coatings, solubility, shape, and aggregation behavior). Metal NPs, in particular, have received increasing interest due to their widespread medical, consumer, industrial, and military applications. However, as particle size decreases, some metal-based NPs are showing increased toxicity, even if the same material is relatively inert in its bulk form (e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu). NPs also interact with proteins and enzymes within mammalian cells and they can interfere with the antioxidant defense mechanism leading to reactive oxygen species generation, the initiation of an inflammatory response and perturbation and destruction of the mitochondria causing apoptosis or necrosis. As a result, there are many challenges to overcome before we can determine if the benefits outweigh the risks associated with NPs.
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Ikeda K, Utoguchi N, Tsutsui H, Yamaue S, Homemoto M, Nakao E, Hukunaga Y, Yamasaki K, Myotoku M, Hirotani Y. In Vitro Approaches to Evaluate Placental Drug Transport by Using Differentiating JEG-3 Human Choriocarcinoma Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:138-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Sundström B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Fatty acids increase paracellular absorption of aluminium across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:272-8. [PMID: 19576870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Passive paracellular absorption, regulated by tight junctions (TJs), is the main route for absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic substances. Surface active substances, such as fatty acids, may enhance absorption of these substances by affecting the integrity of TJ and increasing the permeability. It has been suggested that aluminium (Al) absorption occurs mainly by the paracellular route. Herein, we investigated if physiologically relevant exposures of fully differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers to oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are fatty acids common in food, increase absorption of Al and the paracellular marker mannitol. In an Al toxicity test, mannitol and Al absorption through Caco-2 cell monolayers were similarly modulated by Al concentrations between 1 and 30mM, suggesting that absorption of the two compounds occurred via the same pathways. Exposure of Caco-2 cell monolayers to non-toxic concentrations of Al (2mM) and (14)C-mannitol in fatty acid emulsions (15 and 30mM oleic acid, 5 and 10mM DHA) caused a decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Concomitantly, fractional absorption of Al and mannitol, expressed as percentage of apical Al and mannitol retrieved at the basolateral side, increased with increasing dose of fatty acids. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to assess the effect of oleic acid on the morphology of TJ. It was shown that oleic acid caused a less structured morphology of TJ in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Taken together our findings indicate that fatty acids common in food increase the paracellular intestinal absorption of Al. These findings may influence future risk assessment of human Al exposure.
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Zhou Y, Harris WR, Yokel RA. The influence of citrate, maltolate and fluoride on the gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum at a drinking water-relevant concentration: A 26Al and 14C study. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:798-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 10/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krewski D, Yokel RA, Nieboer E, Borchelt D, Cohen J, Harry J, Kacew S, Lindsay J, Mahfouz AM, Rondeau V. Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2007; 10 Suppl 1:1-269. [PMID: 18085482 PMCID: PMC2782734 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701597766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krewski
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Oberdörster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K, Castranova V, Fitzpatrick J, Ausman K, Carter J, Karn B, Kreyling W, Lai D, Olin S, Monteiro-Riviere N, Warheit D, Yang H. Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2005; 2:8. [PMID: 16209704 PMCID: PMC1260029 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1096] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of many different engineered nanomaterials (defined as materials designed and produced to have structural features with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less) presents a dilemma to regulators regarding hazard identification. The International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation/Risk Science Institute convened an expert working group to develop a screening strategy for the hazard identification of engineered nanomaterials. The working group report presents the elements of a screening strategy rather than a detailed testing protocol. Based on an evaluation of the limited data currently available, the report presents a broad data gathering strategy applicable to this early stage in the development of a risk assessment process for nanomaterials. Oral, dermal, inhalation, and injection routes of exposure are included recognizing that, depending on use patterns, exposure to nanomaterials may occur by any of these routes. The three key elements of the toxicity screening strategy are: Physicochemical Characteristics, In Vitro Assays (cellular and non-cellular), and In Vivo Assays. There is a strong likelihood that biological activity of nanoparticles will depend on physicochemical parameters not routinely considered in toxicity screening studies. Physicochemical properties that may be important in understanding the toxic effects of test materials include particle size and size distribution, agglomeration state, shape, crystal structure, chemical composition, surface area, surface chemistry, surface charge, and porosity. In vitro techniques allow specific biological and mechanistic pathways to be isolated and tested under controlled conditions, in ways that are not feasible in in vivo tests. Tests are suggested for portal-of-entry toxicity for lungs, skin, and the mucosal membranes, and target organ toxicity for endothelium, blood, spleen, liver, nervous system, heart, and kidney. Non-cellular assessment of nanoparticle durability, protein interactions, complement activation, and pro-oxidant activity is also considered. Tier 1 in vivo assays are proposed for pulmonary, oral, skin and injection exposures, and Tier 2 evaluations for pulmonary exposures are also proposed. Tier 1 evaluations include markers of inflammation, oxidant stress, and cell proliferation in portal-of-entry and selected remote organs and tissues. Tier 2 evaluations for pulmonary exposures could include deposition, translocation, and toxicokinetics and biopersistence studies; effects of multiple exposures; potential effects on the reproductive system, placenta, and fetus; alternative animal models; and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, P.O. Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Andrew Maynard
- Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20004-3027, USA
| | - Ken Donaldson
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, ELEGI Colt Laboratory Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Julie Fitzpatrick
- Risk Science Institute, ILSI Research Foundation, International Life Sciences Institute, One Thomas Circle, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005-5802, USA
| | - Kevin Ausman
- Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, MS-63, P.O. Box 1892, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
| | - Janet Carter
- Respiratory/Inhalation Toxicology, Central Product Safety, Procter & Gamble Company, PO Box 538707, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA
| | - Barbara Karn
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Building, Mail Code: 8722F, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA
- Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20004-3027, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kreyling
- Institute for Inhalation Biology & Focus Network: Aerosols and Health, GSF National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - David Lai
- Risk Assessment Division, Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 7403M, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Stephen Olin
- Risk Science Institute, ILSI Research Foundation, International Life Sciences Institute, One Thomas Circle, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005-5802, USA
| | - Nancy Monteiro-Riviere
- Center for Chemical Toxicology and Research Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - David Warheit
- DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Health and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 50, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19714-0050, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Gavett Hall 253, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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