1
|
Rendic SP, Guengerich FP. Development and Uses of Offline and Web-Searchable Metabolism Databases - The Case of Benzo[a]pyrene. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:3-46. [PMID: 29219051 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666171207123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work describes development of offline and web-searchable metabolism databases for drugs, other chemicals, and physiological compounds using human and model species, prompted by the large amount of data published after year 1990. The intent was to provide a rapid and accurate approach to published data to be applied both in science and to assist therapy. METHODS Searches for the data were done using the Pub Med database, accessing the Medline database of references and abstracts. In addition, data presented at scientific conferences (e.g., ISSX conferences) are included covering the publishing period beginning with the year 1976. RESULTS Application of the data is illustrated by the properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its metabolites. Analysis show higher activity of P450 1A1 for activation of the (-)- isomer of trans-B[a]P-7,8-diol, while P4501B1 exerts higher activity for the (+)- isomer. P450 1A2 showed equally low activity in the metabolic activation of both isomers. CONCLUSION The information collected in the databases is applicable in prediction of metabolic drug-drug and/or drug-chemical interactions in clinical and environmental studies. The data on the metabolism of searched compound (exemplified by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites) also indicate toxicological properties of the products of specific reactions. The offline and web-searchable databases had wide range of applications (e.g. computer assisted drug design and development, optimization of clinical therapy, toxicological applications) and adjustment in everyday life styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia YY, Wang Q, Liu T. Toxicity Research of PM 2.5 Compositions In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030232. [PMID: 28245639 PMCID: PMC5369068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the published literature, we surmise that particulate matter (PM) concentration, individually, may be less important than components in explaining health effects. PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) had similar cytotoxicity (e.g., cell viability reduction, oxidative damage, inflammatory effects and genetic toxicity) on different types of cells. The studies of cells are readily available for detailed mechanistic investigations, which is more appropriate for learning and comparing the mechanism caused by single or mixed ingredients coating a carbon core. No review exists that holistically examines the evidence from all components-based in vitro studies. We reviewed published studies that focus on the cytotoxicity of normal PM2.5. Those studies suggested that the toxicity of mixed compositions differs greatly from the single ingredients in mixed components and the target cells. The cytotoxic responses caused by PM2.5 components have not shown a consistent association with clear, specific health effects. The results may be beneficial for providing new targets for drugs for the treatment of PM2.5-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alternative Testing Methods for Predicting Health Risk from Environmental Exposures. SUSTAINABILITY 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/su6085265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
4
|
Jarvis IWH, Dreij K, Mattsson Å, Jernström B, Stenius U. Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures and implications for cancer risk assessment. Toxicology 2014; 321:27-39. [PMID: 24713297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the effects of exposure to complex PAH mixtures in vitro and in vivo on mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Of particular concern regarding exposure to complex PAH mixtures is how interactions between different constituents can affect the carcinogenic response and how these might be included in risk assessment. Overall the findings suggest that the responses resulting from exposure to complex PAH mixtures is varied and complicated. More- and less-than additive effects on bioactivation and DNA damage formation have been observed depending on the various mixtures studied, and equally dependent on the different test systems that are used. Furthermore, the findings show that the commonly used biological end-point of DNA damage formation is insufficient for studying mixture effects. At present the assessment of the risk of exposure to complex PAH mixtures involves comparison to individual compounds using either a surrogate or a component-based potency approach. We discuss how future risk assessment strategies for complex PAH mixtures should be based around whole mixture assessment in order to account for interaction effects. Inherent to this is the need to incorporate different experimental approaches using robust and sensitive biological endpoints. Furthermore, the emphasis on future research should be placed on studying real life mixtures that better represent the complex PAH mixtures that humans are exposed to.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W H Jarvis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åse Mattsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Jernström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dangi BB, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Mebel AM. Reaction dynamics of the 4-methylphenyl radical (C6H4CH3; p-tolyl) with isoprene (C5H8) – formation of dimethyldihydronaphthalenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16805-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction dynamics and energetics of 4-methylphenyl radical with isoprene are reported under single collision condition at collision energy of 58 kJ mol−1 by exploiting the crossed molecular beam technique and electronic structure calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beni B. Dangi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa
- Honolulu, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa
- Honolulu, USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa
- Honolulu, USA
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrysík Z, Vondráček J, Marvanová S, Ciganek M, Neča J, Pěnčíková K, Mahadevan B, Topinka J, Baird WM, Kozubík A, Machala M. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is the major toxic mode of action of an organic extract of a reference urban dust particulate matter mixture: the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mutat Res 2011; 714:53-62. [PMID: 21762708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the toxic and carcinogenic effects of urban air pollution have been linked to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed to airborne particulate matter (PM). The carcinogenic properties of PAHs in complex organic mixtures derived from PM have been chiefly attributed to their mutagenicity. Nevertheless, PAHs are also potent activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which may contribute to their nongenotoxic effects, including tumor promotion. As the genotoxicity of carcinogenic PAHs in complex mixtures derived from urban PM is often inhibited by other mixture constituents, the AhR-mediated activity of urban PM extracts might significantly contribute to the carcinogenic activity of such mixtures. In the present study, we used an organic extract of the urban dust standard reference material, SRM1649a, as a model mixture to study a range of toxic effects related to DNA damage and AhR activation. Both the organic extract and its neutral aromatic fraction formed a low number of DNA adducts per nucleotide in the liver epithelial WB-F344 cells model, without inducing DNA damage response, such as tumor suppressor p53 activation and apoptosis. In contrast, we found that this extract, as well as its neutral and polar fractions, were potent inducers of a range of AhR-mediated responses, including induction of the AhR-mediated transcription, such as cytochrome P450 1A1/1B1 expression, and the AhR-dependent cell proliferation. Importantly, these toxic events occurred at doses one order of magnitude lower than DNA damage. The AhR-mediated activity of the neutral fraction was linked to PAHs and their derivatives, as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls were only minor contributors to the overall AhR-mediated activity. Taken together, our data suggest that more attention should be paid to the AhR-dependent nongenotoxic events elicited by urban PM constituents, especially PAHs and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Andrysík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang L, Xie L, Boyd JM, Li XF. Cell-electronic sensing of particle-induced cellular responses. Analyst 2008; 133:643-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b714384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Courter LA, Musafia-Jeknic T, Ciganek M, Machala M, Baird WM. INHIBITION OF CYP1A1 AND CYP1B1 ENZYMES BY AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ADSORBED ON URBAN DUST PARTICULATE MATTER. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630701333695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Courter LA, Pereira C, Baird WM. Diesel exhaust influences carcinogenic PAH-induced genotoxicity and gene expression in human breast epithelial cells in culture. Mutat Res 2007; 625:72-82. [PMID: 17612574 PMCID: PMC2815343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) are widespread environmental pollutants, however their toxicological effects within a mixture is not established. We investigated the influence of diesel exhaust (DE) on B[a]P and DB[a,l]P-induced PAH-DNA adduct formation, metabolic activation, gene expression and 8-oxo-dG adduct levels in human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) in culture. Following 24 and 48h, cells co-exposed to DE plus B[a]P exhibited a significant decrease in PAH-DNA adduct levels, compared with B[a]P alone, as determined by (33)P-postlabeling combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, as measured by the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) assay and CYP1B1 expression, significantly increased with co-exposure of DE plus DB[a,l]P, compared with DB[a,l]P alone. Aldo keto-reductase (AKR)1C1, AKR1C2, and AKR1C3 expression also significantly increased in cells exposed to DE plus PAH, compared with PAH exposure alone. Cell populations exhibiting 8-oxo-dG adducts significantly increased in response to exposure to B[a]P or DE plus B[a]P for 24h, compared with vehicle control, as quantified by flow cytometry. These results suggest that complex mixtures may modify the carcinogenic potency of PAH by shifting the metabolic activation pathway from the production of PAH diol-epoxides to AKR pathway-derived metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Courter
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Bldg., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Cliff Pereira
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - William M. Baird
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007 Agriculture and Life Sciences Bldg., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Author to whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. William M. Baird, 1007 ALS Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7302, Tel: 541-737-1886, Fax: 541-737-0497, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wise SA, Poster DL, Kucklick JR, Keller JM, Vanderpol SS, Sander LC, Schantz MM. Standard reference materials (SRMs) for determination of organic contaminants in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1153-90. [PMID: 17047949 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the past 25 years the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed certified reference materials (CRMs), known as standard reference materials (SRMs), for determination of organic contaminants in environmental matrices. Assignment of certified concentrations has usually been based on combining results from two or more independent analytical methods. The first-generation environmental-matrix SRMs were issued with certified concentrations for a limited number (5 to 10) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Improvements in the analytical certification approach significantly expanded the number and classes of contaminants determined. Environmental-matrix SRMs currently available include air and diesel particulate matter, coal tar, marine and river sediment, mussel tissue, fish oil and tissue, and human serum, with concentrations typically assigned for 50 to 90 organic contaminants, for example PAHs, nitro-substituted PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Skupinska K, Misiewicz I, Kasprzycka-Guttman T. A comparison of the concentration-effect relationships of PAHs on CYP1A induction in HepG2 and Mcf7 cells. Arch Toxicol 2006; 81:183-200. [PMID: 16953391 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-006-0140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants. Some compounds belonging to this group are considered carcinogenic to people. In order to yield carcinogenic properties, these compounds must be metabolically transformed by enzymes of cytochrome P450 family to oxy-derivatives. In this study, the ability of the following six PAHs: anthracene (Ant), benz(a)anthracene (BA), naphthacene (Nap), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenz(a,c)anthracene (DB(a,c)A) and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DB(a,h)A) to induce enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450), in particular CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in Mcf7 and HepG2 cells was studied. The induction of CYP1A enzymes was assessed at the level of enzymatic protein and enzymatic activity. The change in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 protein level was assessed by means of confocal microscopy. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and methoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (MROD) assays were applied to determine the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity. The Induction Equivalency Factors (IEFs) were also determined. According to EROD and MROD assay and calculated IEFs the following order of the inducing potency was determined in HepG2 cells: DB(a,h)A > BaP > DB(a,c)A approximately BA > Nap > Ant, and in Mcf7 cells: DB(a,h)A > DB(a,c)A > BaP > Nap > BA > Ant. The assessment of the protein levels revealed that DB(a,h)A was also the strongest inducer of protein level, however the correlation between enzymatic activity and protein level induction by other PAHs was not always evident. The EROD and MROD activities were higher in Mcf7 than in HepG2 cells, however the CYP1A2 protein level was shown to be higher in HepG2 cells. The results obtained indicate possible catalytic enzymatic activity alterations induced by PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Skupinska
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health, Chelmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|