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Luo Y, Wang Z, Zhang ZL, Zhang JQ, Zeng QP, Tian D, Li C, Huang FY, Chen S, Chen L. Contamination characteristics and source analysis of potentially toxic elements in dustfall-soil-crop systems near non-ferrous mining areas of Yunnan, southwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163575. [PMID: 37075998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the dustfall-soil-crop system pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and agricultural production. However, there is still a knowledge gap in terms of better understanding the distinctive sources of PTEs by integrating various models and technologies. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the concentrations, distribution, and sources of seven PTEs in a dustfall-soil-crop system (424 samples in total) near a typical non-ferrous mining area, using absolute principal component score/multiple linear regression (APCS/MLR) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopy techniques. Our results showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soils were 211, 14, 105, 91, 65, 232, and 325 mg/kg, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the background soil values in Yunnan. Except for Ni and Cr, all elements in the soil were significantly higher than the screening values of agricultural lands in China. The spatial distribution of PTE concentrations was similar among the three media. The ACPS/MLR, XRD, and microscopy analyses further indicated that soil PTEs mainly originated from industrial activities (37 %), vehicle emissions and agricultural activities (29 %), respectively. Dustfall PTEs mainly originated from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, accounting for 40 % and 37 %, respectively. Crop PTEs mainly originated from vehicle emissions and soil (57 %), and agricultural activities (11 %), respectively. PTEs seriously threaten the safety of agricultural products and the ecological environment once they settle from the atmosphere to soil and crop leaves, further accumulate in crops, and spread through the food chain. Therefore, our study provides scientific evidence for government regulators to control PTE pollution and reduce their environmental risks in dustfall-soil-crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
| | - Zhen-Long Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Jia-Qian Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Duan Tian
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Feng-Yu Huang
- School of Environment and Resources, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Guo G, Li K, Zhang D, Lei M. Quantitative source apportionment and associated driving factor identification for soil potential toxicity elements via combining receptor models, SOM, and geo-detector method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154721. [PMID: 35341851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative source apportionment of soil potential toxicity elements (PTEs) and associated driving factor identification are critical for prevention and control of soil PTEs. In this study, 421 soil samples from a typical area in southeastern Yunnan Province of China were collected to evaluate the pollution level of soil PTE using pollution factors, pollution load index, and enrichment factors. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), absolute principal component score/multiple line regression (APCS/MLR), edge analysis (UNMIX) and self-organizing map (SOM) were applied for source apportionment of soil PTEs. The geo-detector method (GDM) was used to identify the driving factor to PTE pollution sources, which assisted in source interpretation derived from receptor models. The results showed that the geometric mean of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 94.94, 1.02, 108.6, 75.40, 57.14, 160.2, and 200.3 mg/kg, which were significantly higher than their corresponding background values (P < 0.00). Particularly, As and Cd were 8.71 and 12.75 times higher than their corresponding background values, respectively. SOM yielded four clusters of soil PTEs: AsCd, PbZn, CrNi, and Cu. APCS/MLR was regarded as the preferred receptor model for source apportionment of soil PTEs due to its optimal performance. The results of ACPS/MLR revealed that 36.64% of Pb and 38.30% of Zn were related to traffic emissions, Cr (92.64%) and Ni (82.51%) to natural sources, As (85.83%) and Cd (87.04%) to industrial discharge, and Cu (42.78%) to agricultural activities. Distance to road, lithology, distance to industries, and land utilization were the respective major driving factor influencing these four sources, with the q values of 0.1213, 0.1032, 0.2295 and 0.1137, respectively. Additionally, GDM revealed that nonlinear interactions between anthropogenic and natural factors influencing PTEs sources. Based on these results, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be considered for pollution prevention and risk controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hong Y, Chen Y, Shen R, Chen S, Xu G, Cheng H, Guo L, Wei Z, Yang J, Liu Y, Shi Z, Mouazen AM. Diagnosis of cadmium contamination in urban and suburban soils using visible-to-near-infrared spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118128. [PMID: 34530244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have mostly focused on using visible-to-near-infrared spectral technique to quantitatively estimate soil cadmium (Cd) content, whereas little attention has been paid to identifying soil Cd contamination from a perspective of spectral classification. Here, we developed a framework to compare the potential of two spectral transformations (i.e., raw reflectance and continuum removal [CR]), three optimization strategies (i.e., full-spectrum, Boruta feature selection, and synthetic minority over-sampling technique [SMOTE]), and three classification algorithms (i.e., partial least squares discriminant analysis, random forest [RF], and support vector machine) for diagnosing soil Cd contamination. A total of 536 soil samples were collected from urban and suburban areas located in Wuhan City, China. Specifically, Boruta and SMOTE strategies were aimed at selecting the most informative predictors and obtaining balanced training datasets, respectively. Results indicated that soils contaminated by Cd induced decrease in spectral reflectance magnitude. Classification models developed after Boruta and SMOTE strategies out-performed to those from full-spectrum. A diagnose model combining CR preprocessing, SMOTE strategy, and RF algorithm achieved the highest validation accuracy for soil Cd (Kappa = 0.74). This study provides a theoretical reference for rapid identification of and monitoring of soil Cd contamination in urban and suburban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Hong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yiyun Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ruili Shen
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Songchao Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zushuai Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jian Yang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yaolin Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Abdul M Mouazen
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Costa-Beber LC, Goettems-Fiorin PB, Dos Santos JB, Friske PT, Heck TG, Hirsch GE, Ludwig MS. Ovariectomy reduces the cardiac cytoprotection in rats exposed to particulate air pollutant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23395-23404. [PMID: 33443732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases by inducing an oxidative and inflammatory phenotype. Besides, the reduction of 17β-estradiol (E2) levels during menopause is a natural risk for cardiovascular outcomes. During the E2 downfall, there is a high requirement of the 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70), which present essential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence roles. We investigated if the ovariectomy, an animal model for menopause, could induce additional effects in cardiac health by impairing oxidative and heat shock response parameters of female rats chronically exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA; an inorganic fraction of PM2.5). Thus, ROFA was obtained from São Paulo (Brazil) and solubilized it in saline. Further, female Wistar rats were exposed to 50 μL of saline (control group) or ROFA solution (250 μg) (polluted) by intranasal instillation, 5 days/week, 12 weeks. At the 12th week, animals were subdivided into four groups (n = 6 p/group): control, OVX, polluted, and polluted + OVX. Control and polluted were submitted to false surgery, while OVX and polluted + OVX were ovariectomized. ROFA or saline exposure continued for 12 weeks. Ovariectomy reduced the cardiac catalase activity and iHSP70 expression in female rats exposed to ROFA. Neither plasma eHSP72 levels nor H-index (eHSP72 to cardiac iHSP70 ratio) was affected. In conclusion, ovariectomy reduces the cardiac cytoprotection and antioxidant defense, and enhances the susceptibility to premature cellular senescence in rats exposed to ROFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems-Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Borges Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Taís Friske
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí, RS, Brazil
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Han Y, Wang Y, Li W, Chen X, Xue T, Chen W, Fan Y, Qiu X, Zhu T. Susceptibility of prediabetes to the health effect of air pollution: a community-based panel study with a nested case-control design. Environ Health 2019; 18:65. [PMID: 31307478 PMCID: PMC6631920 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that people with diabetes or who are at risk of developing diabetes, i.e. prediabetic (preDM), are potentially susceptible to air pollution, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear because the existing epidemiological studies did not include healthy control groups and only focused on limited health outcomes. We hypothesized that acute exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) will lead to enhanced pulmonary and cardiometabolic changes in preDM than healthy individuals. METHODS We recruited 60 preDM and 60 healthy individuals from a community of 22,343 adults in Beijing China, and arranged each subject to complete up to seven repeated clinical visits with measures of 6 cardiopulmonary biomarkers, 6 cytokines, 4 blood pressure and endothelial function outcomes and 4 glucose metabolism biomarkers.. Moving averaged daily ambient PM2.5 in preceding 1-14 days was matched to each subject and the PM2.5 associated effect on multiple biomarkers was estimated and compared between PreDM and healthy subjects based on linear mixed effect model. RESULTS All the subjects exhibited significant acute elevation of exhaled nitric oxide, white blood cells, neutrophils, interleukin-1α, and glycated haemoglobin with increased exposure to PM2.5. PreDM subjects had significant stronger adverse changes compared to healthy subjects in 6 cardiometabolic biomarkers, namely, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, augmentation pressure, and glucose. The maximum elevation of these 6 biomarkers in PreDM subjects were 8.6% [CI: 4.1-13.3%], 10.0% [CI: 3.9-16.4%], 1.9% [CI: 0.2-3.6%], 1.2% [CI: - 0.1-2.4%], 5.7% [CI: - 0.1-11.8%], 2.4% [CI: 0.7-4.2%], respectively, per an interquartile increase of ambient PM2.5 (61.4 μg m- 3) throughout the exposure window of the preceding 1-14 days. No significant difference was observed for the changes in pulmonary biomarkers between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS PreDM individuals are more susceptible to the acute cardiometabolic effect of air pollution than the healthy individuals. A considerable public health burden can be inferred, given the high prevalence of prediabetes and the ubiquity of air pollution in China and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Xue
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Fei X, Christakos G, Xiao R, Ren Z, Liu Y, Lv X. Improved heavy metal mapping and pollution source apportionment in Shanghai City soils using auxiliary information. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:168-177. [PMID: 30669049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution can be a serious threat to human health and the environment. The accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollutant concentrations enables the detection of high pollution areas and facilitates pollution source apportionment and control. To make full use of auxiliary soil properties information and show that they can improve mapping, a synthesis of the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) theory and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is proposed and implemented in the study of the Shanghai City soils (China). The results showed that, compared to traditional techniques, the proposed BME-GWR synthesis has certain important advantages: (a) it integrates heavy metal measurements and auxiliary information on a sound theoretical basis, and (b) it performs better in terms of both prediction accuracy and implementation flexibility (including the assimilation of multiple data sources). Based on the heavy metal concentration maps generated by BME-GWR, we found that the As, Cr and Pb concentration levels are high in the eastern part of Shanghai, whereas high Cd concentration levels were observed in the northwestern part of the city. Organic carbon and pH were significantly correlated with most of the heavy metals in Shanghai soils. We concluded that Cd pollution is mainly the result of agricultural activities, and that the Cr pollution is attributed to natural sources, whereas Pb and As have compound pollution sources. Future studies should investigate the implementation of BME-GWR in the case of space-time heavy metal mapping and its ability to integrate human activity information and soil category variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Fei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - George Christakos
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouqiao Ren
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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Chen X, Guo M, Feng J, Liang S, Han D, Cheng J. Characterization and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust from a developing city with good air quality and from Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11387-11398. [PMID: 30805839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the differences in characteristics of heavy metals associated with different levels of ambient air quality, we collected road dust samples from Beihai (BH) and Shanghai (SH). The mean concentrations of Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cu in BH samples were one to four times the background concentrations in soil, whereas the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb in SH were one to three times the background concentrations. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated widespread moderate contamination by Zn and high contamination near industrial areas by Ni and Cr in BH, whereas in SH was partly moderately contaminated by Pb, Cu, and Zn. The potential ecological risk index ([Formula: see text]) indicated the low risk posed by all metals in both BH and SH. However, special attention should be given to the maximal [Formula: see text] values, such as considerable risk for Hg ([Formula: see text] = 148.7) and high risk for Ni (254.1) in BH, respectively. According to the health risk assessment results, there were no non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks (CR) posed by heavy metals in road dust collected from BH and SH. Non-carcinogenic risks due to Cr for children in both BH (0.36) and SH (0.24) were relatively high compared to other metals, and a maximal CR value for Cr (2.7 × 10-6) was found to pose a potential carcinogenic risk near the industrial area in BH. Compared with those in developed cities, the health risks in BH related to Cu, Pb, and Zn from motor vehicle emissions were relatively low, but those related to Ni and Cr from local industrial activity in road dust were relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meixiu Guo
- Beihai Environmental Protection Bureau, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Han W, Gao G, Geng J, Li Y, Wang Y. Ecological and health risks assessment and spatial distribution of residual heavy metals in the soil of an e-waste circular economy park in Tianjin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:325-335. [PMID: 29366953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ziya Circular Economy Park is the biggest e-waste recycle park in North China before 2011, its function was then transformed in response to regulations and rules. In this paper, investigation was conducted to research the residual concentrations of 14 analytes (12 heavy metals and 2 non-metals) in the surface soil of Ziya Circular Economy Park and surrounding area. Both ecological and health assessments were evaluated using GI (geo-accumulation index) and NPI (Nemerow pollution index), and associated health risk was assessed by using USEPA model. According to the ecological risk assessment, Cu, Sb, Cd, Zn and Co were seriously enriched in the soil of the studied area. The health risk assessment proposed by USEPA indicated no significant health risks to the population. Soil properties, such as pH and organic matter, were found to correlate with the enrichment of heavy metals. Arsenic concentrations in the soil were found positively correlated to dead bacteria concentrations. Spatial distribution of heavy metals revealed that Ziya Circular Economy Park was the dominant pollution source in the studied area. Findings in this study suggest that enough attention should be payed to the heavy metal pollution in Ziya Circular Economy Park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guanghai Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jinyao Geng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Gorr MW, Falvo MJ, Wold LE. Air Pollution and Other Environmental Modulators of Cardiac Function. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1479-1495. [PMID: 28915333 PMCID: PMC7249238 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed regions and a worldwide health concern. Multiple external causes of CVD are well known, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, age, and sedentary behavior. Air pollution has been linked with the development of CVD for decades, though the mechanistic characterization remains unknown. In this comprehensive review, we detail the background and epidemiology of the effects of air pollution and other environmental modulators on the heart, including both short- and long-term consequences. Then, we provide the experimental data and current hypotheses of how pollution is able to cause the CVD, and how exposure to pollutants is exacerbated in sensitive states. Published 2017. Compr Physiol 7:1479-1495, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gorr
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Falvo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wu Q, Han X, Wang D, Zhao F, Wang D. Coal combustion related fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) induces toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by dysregulating microRNA expression. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:432-441. [PMID: 30090511 PMCID: PMC6062267 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed an in vivo assay system of Caenorhabditis elegans to determine if and which microRNAs (miRNAs) were dysregulated upon exposure to coal combustion related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by profiling the miRNAs using SOLiD sequencing. From this, expression of 25 miRNAs was discovered to become dysregulated by exposure to PM2.5. Using the corresponding C. elegans deletion mutants, 5 miRNAs (mir-231, mir-232, mir-230, mir-251 and mir-35) were found to be involved in the control of PM2.5 toxicity. Furthermore, mutation of mir-231 or mir-232 induced a resistance to PM2.5 toxicity, whereas mutation of mir-230, mir-251, or mir-35 induced a susceptibility to PM2.5 toxicity. SMK-1, an ortholog of the mammalian SMEK protein, was identified as a molecular target for mir-231 in the regulation of PM2.5 toxicity. In addition, the genes of sod-3, sod-4 and ctl-3, which are necessary for protection against oxidative stress, were determined to be important downstream targets of smk-1 in the regulation of PM2.5 toxicity. The triggering of this mir-231-SMK-1-SOD-3/SOD-4/CTL-3 signaling pathway may be a critical molecular basis for the role of oxidative stress in the induction of coal combustion related PM2.5 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education , Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China .
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education , Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China .
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education , Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China .
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education , Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China .
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education , Medical School , Southeast University , Nanjing 210009 , China .
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Lin B, Gao H, Lai H. Spatial Characterization of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Concentrations in Tobacco Leaves and Soil. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Ward WO, Kodavanti UP. Left ventricular gene expression profile of healthy and cardiovascular compromised rat models used in air pollution studies. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27 Suppl 1:63-79. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William O. Ward
- Biostatistics Core, Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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13
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14
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You M, Huang Y, Lu J, Li C. Environmental Implications of Heavy Metals in Soil from Huainan, China. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.999273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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You M, Huang Y, Lu J, Li C. Characterization of Heavy Metals in Soil Near Coal Mines and a Power Plant in Huainan, China. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.940531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Ge J, Zhang J. Heavy Metal Contamination and Accumulation in Soil and Plant Species from the Xinqiao Copper Deposit, Anhui Province, China. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.946039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Zhou C, Liu G, Wu S, Lam PKS. The environmental characteristics of usage of coal gangue in bricking-making: a case study at Huainan, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:274-280. [PMID: 24103437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The behaviors of natural radionuclides and toxic elements during coal gangue brick making processes are described. A simulation experiment of coal gangue brick firing was carried out to evaluate the enrichments of natural radionuclides and volatilizations of elements. Simultaneous sampling of coal gangue and corresponding combustion product (slag) was performed. The radioactivities of the radionuclide were determined by high-purity germanium gamma ray spectrometer, and the concentrations of toxic elements were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results have shown that the level of natural radionuclides may not cause immediate or acute environmental impacts because the Raeq values and Hex (in the brick) are 345 Bq kg(-1) and 0.89, lower than the limit values of 370 Bq kg(-1) and 1, respectively. However, the Raeq and Hex values are near the limit values, their chronic-environmental and health impacts should be considered noteworthy. The elements found in the emission could be categorized into two types: non-volatilized elements (Co, Cr, Mn and V) and volatilized elements (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Se, Sn and Zn). Understanding the behaviors of natural radionuclides and toxic elements during brick making processes is helpful for the assessment of their potential impacts to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefe, Anhuii 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; University of Science and Technology of China, City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 251006, China
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18
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Knuckles TL, Stapleton PA, Minarchick VC, Esch L, McCawley M, Hendryx M, Nurkiewicz TR. Air pollution particulate matter collected from an Appalachian mountaintop mining site induces microvascular dysfunction. Microcirculation 2013; 20:158-69. [PMID: 22963349 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollution PM is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Appalachia, PM from mining may represent a health burden to this sensitive population that leads the nation in cardiovascular disease, among others. Cardiovascular consequences following inhalation of PM(MTM) are unclear, but must be identified to establish causal effects. METHODS PM was collected within 1 mile of an active MTM site in southern WV. The PM was extracted and was primarily <10 μm in diameter (PM10), consisting largely of sulfur (38%) and silica (24%). Adult male rats were IT with 300 μg PM(MTM) . Twenty-four hours following exposure, rats were prepared for intravital microscopy, or isolated arteriole experiments. RESULTS PM(MTM) exposure blunted endothelium-dependent dilation in mesenteric and coronary arterioles by 26%, and 25%, respectively, as well as endothelium-independent dilation. In vivo, PM(MTM) exposure inhibited endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation (60% reduction). α-adrenergic receptor blockade inhibited PVNS-induced vasoconstriction in exposed animals compared with sham. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PM(MTM) exposure impairs microvascular function in disparate microvascular beds, through alterations in NO-mediated dilation and sympathetic nerve influences. Microvascular dysfunction may contribute to cardiovascular disease in regions with MTM sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Knuckles
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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19
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Miller MR, Shaw CA, Langrish JP. From particles to patients: oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Future Cardiol 2012; 8:577-602. [PMID: 22871197 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, especially airborne particulate matter (PM), is associated with an increase in both morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely established. The one consistent observation that links the pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of inhaled PM is oxidative stress. This article examines the evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular effects of air pollution, beginning with observations from epidemiological and controlled exposure studies and then exploring potential mechanistic pathways involving free radical generation from PM itself, to effects of PM on cell cultures, isolated organs, healthy animals and animal models of disease. Particular emphasis is placed on the vascular and atherosclerotic effects of urban air pollution and diesel exhaust emissions as rich sources of environmental ultrafine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Pattanaik S, Huggins FE, Huffman GP. Chemical speciation of Fe and Ni in residual oil fly ash fine particulate matter using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12927-12935. [PMID: 23126560 DOI: 10.1021/es301080s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked residual oil fly ash fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (ROFA PM(2.5)) to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. Bioavailable transition metals within PM have been cited as one of the components that induce such illnesses. By combining synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy with leaching experiment, we studied the effect of residual oil compositions and combustion conditions on the speciation of Fe and Ni in ROFA PM(2.5) and the implication of these species for human health and environment. PM(2.5) samples were obtained from two types of combustors, a fire tube boiler (FTB) and a refractory line combustor (RLC). The study reveals that only Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)·nH(2)O is present in RLC PM(2.5) while Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)·nH(2)O predominates in FTB PM(2.5) with inclusion of varying amounts of nickel ferrite. The finding that RLC PM(2.5) is more bioavailable and hence more toxic than FTB PM(2.5) is significant. The reduction of toxicity of FTB PM(2.5) is due to the immobilization of a portion of Fe and Ni in the formation of an insoluble NiFe(2)O(4). This may explain the variation of toxicity from exposure to different ROFA PM(2.5). Additionally, the speciation data are sought for developing emission inventories for source apportionment study and understanding the mechanism of PM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Pattanaik
- Department of Applied Physics and Ballistics, F.M. University, Balasore 756 019, India.
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21
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Folkmann JK, Vesterdal LK, Sheykhzade M, Loft S, Møller P. Endothelial Dysfunction in Normal and Prediabetic Rats With Metabolic Syndrome Exposed by Oral Gavage to Carbon Black Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:98-107. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Davel AP, Lemos M, Pastro LM, Pedro SC, de André PA, Hebeda C, Farsky SH, Saldiva PH, Rossoni LV. Endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary artery induced by concentrated fine particulate matter exposure is associated with local but not systemic inflammation. Toxicology 2012; 295:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Knuckles TL, Yi J, Frazer DG, Leonard HD, Chen BT, Castranova V, Nurkiewicz TR. Nanoparticle inhalation alters systemic arteriolar vasoreactivity through sympathetic and cyclooxygenase-mediated pathways. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:724-35. [PMID: 21830860 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.606926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The widespread increase in the production and use of nanomaterials has increased the potential for nanoparticle exposure; however, the biological effects of nanoparticle inhalation are poorly understood. Rats were exposed to nanosized titanium dioxide aerosols (10 μg lung burden); at 24 h post-exposure, the spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for intravital microscopy. Nanoparticle exposure did not alter perivascular nerve stimulation (PVNS)-induced arteriolar constriction under normal conditions; however, adrenergic receptor inhibition revealed a more robust effect. Nanoparticle inhalation reduced arteriolar dilation in response to active hyperaemia (AH). In both PVNS and AH experiments, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition affected only controls. Whereas cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition only attenuated AH-induced arteriolar dilation in nanoparticle-exposed animals. This group displayed an enhanced U46619 constriction and attenuated iloprost-induced dilation. Collectively, these studies indicate that nanoparticle exposure reduces microvascular NO bioavailability and alters COX-mediated vasoreactivity. Furthermore, the enhanced adrenergic receptor sensitivity suggests an augmented sympathetic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Knuckles
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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24
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Yan YH, Chou CC, Lee CT, Liu JY, Cheng TJ. Enhanced insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats exposed to fine particles by instillation. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:507-19. [PMID: 21736501 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.587472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies indicate that diabetes is a sub-population at risk for particulate matter (PM)-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent animal studies suggested PM might impair glucose tolerance, which may lead to CVD. However, the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate further the PM effect on insulin resistance (IR) in obese and healthy rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either a high fat diet (HFD) or normal chow diet (NCD) for 6 weeks. Both groups were then further assigned to receive PM(10), PM(2.5) or normal saline (n = 6 per group) by intratracheal instillation (IT) once per week for 3 weeks. Fasting glucose and insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess IR. Biochemistry tests and lipids profile were examined at sacrifice. The markers of fibrinogen and [nitrate+nitrite], an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) production, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood counts (WBCs) in peripheral blood were also determined. RESULTS Body weight, insulin and HOMA-IR of HFD rats were significantly increased compared with a NCD after 6 weeks. In HFD rats, PM(2.5) increased HOMA-IR after first IT and further increased HOMA-IR at the end of exposure. However, this increase was not observed in NCD rats and after PM(10) exposure. Increased fibrinogen was also noted after chronic PM(2.5) exposure in both HFD and NCD rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Exposure to PM(2.5) enhanced IR in HFD rats but not in NCD rats. Obese subjects with IR may be a susceptible population to particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Horng Yan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Floyd HS, Chen LC, Vallanat B, Dreher K. Fine ambient air particulate matter exposure induces molecular alterations associated with vascular disease progression within plaques of atherosclerotic susceptible mice. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 21:394-403. [PMID: 19496694 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802317745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have reported associations between increased mortality and morbidity with exposure to particulate air pollution, particularly within individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical and toxicological studies have provided evidence that exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) impacts CVD by increasing plaque size. It is unclear whether PM-induced increased plaque size is associated with molecular disease progression. This study examines molecular profiles within plaques recovered from ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to concentrated ambient air particles (CAPs) to determine whether pulmonary deposition of PM contributes to molecular alterations leading to vascular disease progression. Laser capture microdissection was used to recover atherosclerotic plaques from ApoE(-/-) male mice exposed daily for 5 mo to filtered air or CAPs. Alterations in mRNA expression was assessed in microdissected plaques of CAPs-exposed and air controls using the Affymetrix microarray platform. Bioinformatic analysis indicated alterations in 611 genes: 395 genes downregulated and 216 genes upregulated. Gene ontology revealed CAPs-induced changes to inflammation, proliferation, cell cycle, hematological system, and cardiovascular pathways. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verified microarray data also revealing gene expression alterations undetected by the microarray analysis, i.e., decreased expression of alpha-actin for smooth muscle cells, and increased expression of the macrophage marker Cd68 and of beta-actin. Comparison of CAPs-induced gene expression profiles demonstrated consistency with previously published gene expression profiles in the ApoE(-/-) mouse model and humans associated with plaque progression. These results indicate that exposure to fine PM induces molecular alterations associated with vascular disease progression and provides insight into potential biological pathways responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Floyd
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121:2331-78. [PMID: 20458016 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3826] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease" concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the interim, numerous studies have expanded our understanding of this association and further elucidated the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. The main objective of this updated American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide a comprehensive review of the new evidence linking PM exposure with cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on highlighting the clinical implications for researchers and healthcare providers. The writing group also sought to provide expert consensus opinions on many aspects of the current state of science and updated suggestions for areas of future research. On the basis of the findings of this review, several new conclusions were reached, including the following: Exposure to PM <2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)) over a few hours to weeks can trigger cardiovascular disease-related mortality and nonfatal events; longer-term exposure (eg, a few years) increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality to an even greater extent than exposures over a few days and reduces life expectancy within more highly exposed segments of the population by several months to a few years; reductions in PM levels are associated with decreases in cardiovascular mortality within a time frame as short as a few years; and many credible pathological mechanisms have been elucidated that lend biological plausibility to these findings. It is the opinion of the writing group that the overall evidence is consistent with a causal relationship between PM(2.5) exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This body of evidence has grown and been strengthened substantially since the first American Heart Association scientific statement was published. Finally, PM(2.5) exposure is deemed a modifiable factor that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Ruhl L, Vengosh A, Dwyer GS, Hsu-Kim H, Deonarine A, Bergin M, Kravchenko J. Survey of the potential environmental and health impacts in the immediate aftermath of the coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6326-33. [PMID: 19746733 DOI: 10.1021/es900714p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the potential environmental and health impacts in the immediate aftermath of one of the largest coal ash spills in U.S. history at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston coal-burning power plant has revealed three major findings. First the surface release of coal ash with high levels of toxic elements (As = 75 mg/kg; Hg = 150 microg/kg) and radioactivity (226Ra + 228Ra = 8 pCi/g) to the environment has the potential to generate resuspended ambient fine particles (< 10 microm) containing these toxics into the atmosphere that may pose a health risk to local communities. Second, leaching of contaminants from the coal ash caused contamination of surface waters in areas of restricted water exchange, but only trace levels were found in the downstream Emory and Clinch Rivers due to river dilution. Third, the accumulation of Hg- and As-rich coal ash in river sediments has the potential to have an impact on the ecological system in the downstream rivers by fish poisoning and methylmercury formation in anaerobic river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruhl
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, 205 Old Chemistry Building, Box 90227, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Miller MR, Borthwick SJ, Shaw CA, McLean SG, McClure D, Mills NL, Duffin R, Donaldson K, Megson IL, Hadoke PWF, Newby DE. Direct impairment of vascular function by diesel exhaust particulate through reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide induced by superoxide free radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:611-6. [PMID: 19440501 PMCID: PMC2679606 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) is a key arbiter of the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution. OBJECTIVES We assessed the in vitro effects of DEP on vascular function, nitric oxide (NO) availability, and the generation of oxygen-centered free radicals. METHODS We assessed the direct vascular effects of DEP (10-100 microg/mL) in isolated rat aortic rings using myography. We investigated NO scavenging and oxygen-centered free radical generation using an NO electrode and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with the Tempone-H (1-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine) spin trap, respectively. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was attenuated by DEP (maximum relaxation reduced from 91 +/- 4% to 49 +/- 6% with 100 microg/mL DEP; p < 0.001) but was restored by superoxide dismutase (SOD; maximum relaxation, 73 +/- 6%; p < 0.001). DEP caused a modest inhibition of relaxation to NO donor drugs, an effect that could be reversed by SOD (p < 0.01). At 10 microg/mL, DEP did not affect verapamil-induced relaxation (p = 0.73), but at 100 microg/mL DEP inhibited relaxation (p < 0.001) by a mechanism independent of SOD. NO concentrations generated by 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide (DEA/NO; 10 microM) were reduced by DEP (100 microg/mL; from 5.2 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 microM; p = 0.002). Free radical generation was increased by DEP (10 microg/mL; 9-fold increase in EPR spectra; p = 0.004) in a manner that could be attenuated by SOD (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS DEP caused oxidative stress through the generation of oxygen-centered free radicals that reduced the bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO without prior interaction with the lung or vascular tissue. These findings provide a mechanism for the adverse cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Nadadur SS, Haykal-Coates N, Mudipalli A, Costa DL. Endothelial effects of emission source particles: acute toxic response gene expression profiles. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:67-77. [PMID: 19000753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution epidemiology has established a strong association between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular outcomes. Experimental studies in both humans and laboratory animals support varied biological mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction as potentially a central step to the elicitation of cardiovascular events. We therefore hypothesized that relevant early molecular alterations on endothelial cells should be assessable in vitro upon acute exposure to PM components previously shown to be involved in health outcomes. Using a model emission PM, residual oil fly ash and one of its predominant constituents (vanadium-V), we focused on the development of gene expression profiles to fingerprint that particle and its constituents to explore potential biomarkers for PM-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here we present differential gene expression and transcription factor activation profiles in human vascular endothelial cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose of fly ash or V following semi-global gene expression profiling of approximately 8000 genes. Both fly ash and it's prime constituent, V, induced alterations in genes involved in passive and active transport of solutes across the membrane; voltage-dependent ion pumps; induction of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules; and activation of numerous kinases involved in signal transduction pathways. These preliminary data suggest that cardiovascular effects associated with exposure to PM may be mediated by perturbations in endothelial cell permeability, membrane integrity; and ultimately endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth S Nadadur
- Pulmonary Toxicology Branch, Experimental Toxicology Division, National Health Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, ORD, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Peretz A, Sullivan JH, Leotta DF, Trenga CA, Sands FN, Allen J, Carlsten C, Wilkinson CW, Gill EA, Kaufman JD. Diesel exhaust inhalation elicits acute vasoconstriction in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:937-42. [PMID: 18629317 PMCID: PMC2453163 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution is consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent human and animal studies suggest that exposure to air pollutants affects vascular function. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of traffic-related air pollution. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to study the effects of short-term exposure to DE on vascular reactivity and on mediators of vascular tone. METHODS In a double-blind, crossover, controlled exposure study, 27 adult volunteers (10 healthy and 17 with metabolic syndrome) were exposed in randomized order to filtered air (FA) and each of two levels of diluted DE (100 or 200 microg/m(3) of fine particulate matter) in 2-hr sessions. Before and after each exposure, we assessed the brachial artery diameter (BAd) by B-mode ultrasound and collected blood samples for endothelin-1 (ET-1) and catecholamines. Postexposure we also assessed endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD). RESULTS Compared with FA, DE at 200 microg/m(3) elicited a decrease in BAd (0.11 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.18), and the effect appeared linearly dose related with a smaller effect at 100 microg/m(3). Plasma levels of ET-1 increased after 200 microg/m(3) DE but not after FA (p = 0.01). There was no consistent impact of DE on plasma catecholamines or FMD. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that short-term exposure to DE is associated with acute endothelial response and vasoconstriction of a conductance artery. Elucidation of the signaling pathways controlling vascular tone that underlie this observation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peretz
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Jeffrey H. Sullivan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | | | - Carol A. Trenga
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Fiona N. Sands
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Jason Allen
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Charles W. Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
- Department of Medicine and
- Address correspondence to J.D. Kaufman, University of Washington Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Box 35469, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Telephone: (206) 616-3501. Fax: (206) 897-1991. E-mail:
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Craig L, Brook JR, Chiotti Q, Croes B, Gower S, Hedley A, Krewski D, Krupnick A, Krzyzanowski M, Moran MD, Pennell W, Samet JM, Schneider J, Shortreed J, Williams M. Air pollution and public health: a guidance document for risk managers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2008; 71:588-698. [PMID: 18569631 DOI: 10.1080/15287390801997732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This guidance document is a reference for air quality policymakers and managers providing state-of-the-art, evidence-based information on key determinants of air quality management decisions. The document reflects the findings of five annual meetings of the NERAM (Network for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management) International Colloquium Series on Air Quality Management (2001-2006), as well as the results of supporting international research. The topics covered in the guidance document reflect critical science and policy aspects of air quality risk management including i) health effects, ii) air quality emissions, measurement and modeling, iii) air quality management interventions, and iv) clean air policy challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Craig
- Network for Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Grahame TJ, Schlesinger RB. Health effects of airborne particulate matter: do we know enough to consider regulating specific particle types or sources? Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19:457-81. [PMID: 17497526 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701382220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Researchers and regulators have often considered preferentially regulating the types of ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) most relevant to human health effects. While few would argue the inherent merits of such a policy, many believe there may not yet be enough information to differentially regulate PM species. New evidence, using increasingly sophisticated methodologies, has become available in the last several years, allowing more accurate assessment of exposure and resultant associations with specific types of PM, or PM derived from different sources. Such new studies may also allow differentiation of effects from different chemical components in the same study against the same health endpoints. This article considers whether this new evidence might be adequate to allow us to "speciate" PM types or sources by severity of health effects. We address this issue with respect to two widespread sources of PM, emissions from motor vehicles and coal-fired power plants. Emissions from less widespread sources, residual oil and steel/coking facilities, are also discussed in order to illustrate how health effects associated with such emissions might instead be associated with more widespread sources when accurate exposure information is unavailable. Based upon evaluation of studies and methodologies which appear to contain the most accurate information on exposure and response to important emissions, including variable local emissions, it is concluded that public health will likely be better protected by reduction of various vehicular emissions than by continued regulation of the total mass of fine PM (PM <2.5 microm, or PM2.5) as if all PM in this mode is equitoxic. However, the knowledge base is incomplete. Important remaining research questions are identified.
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Russell JC, Proctor SD. Increased insulin sensitivity and reduced micro and macro vascular disease induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose during metabolic syndrome in obese JCR: LA-cp rats. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:216-25. [PMID: 17375078 PMCID: PMC2013948 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. The origins of the syndrome have been hypothesized to lie in continuous availability of energy dense foods in modern societies. In contrast, human physiology has evolved in an environment of sporadic food supply and frequent food deprivation. Intermittent food restriction in rats has previously been shown to lead to reduction of cardiovascular risk and a greater life span. The non-metabolizable glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is taken up by cells and induces pharmacological inhibition of metabolism of glucose. We hypothesized that intermittent inhibition of glucose metabolism, a metabolic deprivation, may mimic intermittent food deprivation and ameliorate metabolic and pathophysiological aspects of the metabolic syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Insulin resistant, atherosclerosis-prone JCR:LA-cp rats were treated with 2-DG (0.3% w/w in chow) on an intermittent schedule (2 days treated, one day non-treated, two days treated and two days non-treated) or continuously at a dose to give an equivalent averaged intake. KEY RESULTS Intermittent 2-DG-treatment improved insulin sensitivity, which correlated with increased adiponectin concentrations. Further, intermittent treatment (but not continuous treatment) reduced plasma levels of leptin and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta. Both 2-DG treatments reduced micro-vascular glomerular sclerosis, but only the intermittent schedule improved macro-vascular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings are consistent with reduction in severity of the metabolic syndrome and protection against end stage micro- and macro-vascular disease through intermittent metabolic deprivation at a cellular level by inhibition of glucose oxidation with 2-DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Russell
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Yue W, Schneider A, Stölzel M, Rückerl R, Cyrys J, Pan X, Zareba W, Koenig W, Wichmann HE, Peters A. Ambient source-specific particles are associated with prolonged repolarization and increased levels of inflammation in male coronary artery disease patients. Mutat Res 2007; 621:50-60. [PMID: 17603085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particulate air pollution has been associated with altered cardiac function and systemic inflammation. We reported repolarization changes and variations in markers of inflammation in association with ambient particulate exposure in a panel of male coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The objective of this analysis was to identify the specific sources associated with these effects. A panel of male CAD patients participated in 12 clinical visits in Erfurt, Germany. We used 56 patients' 5min ECG recordings for the analysis of repolarization parameters QT interval and T wave amplitude, and 57 patients' plasma samples to determine the biomarkers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between five particle source factors (airborne soil, local traffic-related ultrafine particles, combustion-generated aerosols, diesel traffic-related particles, and secondary aerosols) and these health parameters adjusting for trend, weekday and meteorological variables. An increase in QT interval and a decrease in T wave amplitude were observed in association with traffic-related particles exposure during 0-23h before the ECG recordings. The inflammatory marker vWF increased in association with both traffic-related particles and combustion-generated aerosols at different exposure lags. All source particles had positive associations with CRP levels above the 90th percentile (8.5mg/l). These results suggest that traffic-related and combustion-generated particles show stronger adverse health impact with regard to cardiac effects, and that particles from different sources induce an acute phase response in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- Institute of Epidemiology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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