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Politis MD, Yao M, Gennings C, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Valvi D, Kim-Schulze S, Qi J, Amarasiriwardena C, Pantic I, Tolentino MC, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Greenberg JH, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Sanders AP, Rosa MJ. Prenatal Metal Exposures and Associations with Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Children. TOXICS 2022; 10:692. [PMID: 36422900 PMCID: PMC9699100 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) may be nephrotoxic, yet limited studies have examined subclinical kidney injury biomarkers in children. We assessed whether metal exposure in the second trimester (2T), a crucial time of kidney development, is associated with altered urine kidney injury and function biomarkers in preadolescent children. Analyses included 494 children participating in a birth cohort study in Mexico City. Concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb were measured from pregnant women in 2T blood and urine, and Hg in urine only. Kidney biomarkers were measured from children in urine at age 8-12 years. We assessed the associations between individual metals and (1) kidney biomarkers using linear regression and (2) a multi-protein kidney mixture using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Associations of separate urine and blood metal mixtures with individual kidney biomarkers were assessed via WQS. Within the multi-protein mixture, the association with increased urinary As was predominated by urine alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10), and fatty acid binding protein 1; the association with increased urinary Cd was predominated by A1M, clusterin, and albumin. The urine metal mixture was associated with increased albumin (0.23 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.37), IP10 (0.15 ng/mL; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.28), and cystatin C (0.17 ng/mL; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.31); these associations were mainly driven by urinary As and Cd. We observed null associations between prenatal blood or urine metal mixtures and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Higher prenatal urinary metals, individually and as a mixture were associated with altered kidney injury biomarkers in children. Further research and longer participant follow-up are required to ascertain the risk of kidney disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Politis
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meizhen Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06600, Mexico
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 06600, Mexico
| | - Mari Cruz Tolentino
- Department of Nutrition, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 06600, Mexico
| | | | - Jason H. Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alison P. Sanders
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Idrees M, Kumar V, Khan AM, Joo MD, Uddin Z, Lee KW, Kong IK. Hesperetin activated SIRT1 neutralizes cadmium effects on the early bovine embryo development. Theriogenology 2022; 189:209-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tang L, Cai Z, Wang SX, Zhao WJ. Transition from minimal change disease to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis related to occupational exposure: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5861-5868. [PMID: 35979127 PMCID: PMC9258360 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have been described as two separate forms of nephrotic syndrome (NS), they are not completely independent. We report a case of a patient transitioning from MCD to FSGS, review the literature, and explore the relationship between the two diseases.
CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old male welder, presenting with lower extremity edema and elevated serum creatinine, was diagnosed with NS and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) based on laboratory test results. The patient had undergone a kidney biopsy for NS 20 years previously, which indicated MCD, and a second recent kidney biopsy suggested FSGS. The patient was an electric welder with excessive levels of cadmium and lead in his blood. Consequently, we suspect that his aggravated pathology and occurrence of ESKD were related to metal nephrotoxicity. The patient eventually received kidney replacement therapy and quit his job which involved long-term exposure to metals. During the 1-year follow-up period, the patient was negative for metal elements in the blood and urine and recovered partial kidney function.
CONCLUSION MCD and FSGS may be different stages of the same disease. The transition from MCD to FSGS in this case indicates disease progression, which may be related to excessive metal contaminants caused by the patient’s occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
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Hernández-Cruz EY, Amador-Martínez I, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza Chaverri J. Renal damage induced by cadmium and its possible therapy by mitochondrial transplantation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tang J, Bei M, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Huang J, Dong J, Shi L, Xu L, Hu B. Acute cadmium exposure induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells through ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103686. [PMID: 34098069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can exert an impact on carcinogenicity of breast cancer, however, the mechanism is not fully understood in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We performed a TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell model and assessed the toxic effect of Cd exposure (0, 10, 20, 50, 60, 80 μM). Cd reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, followed by cell cycle arrest in S phase with alterations of cyclin 1A1, cyclin 1D1 and CDK2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis and pyroptosis were increased, which were relieved by z-VAD. Elevated ROS and NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were detected, which was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Increased bax and decreased caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were found. gasdermin E (GSDME) was activated with cleavage of GSDME-NT, which was retarded by z-VAD. Additionally, p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Our data demonstrate GSDME-activated pyroptosis in Cd toxicity, implying a potential impact on TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Mingrong Bei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, 515041, GD, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jingjian Dong
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Medical Laboratory Center, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, and the Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
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Colicino E, Cowell W, Bozack A, Foppa Pedretti N, Joshi A, Niedzwiecki MM, Bollati V, Berin C, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Association between prenatal immune phenotyping and cord blood leukocyte telomere length in the PRISM pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110113. [PMID: 32841635 PMCID: PMC7883408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures including air pollutants, toxic metals, and psychosocial stress have been associated with shorter telomere length (TL) in newborns. These exposures have in turn been linked to an enhanced inflammatory immune response. Increased inflammation during pregnancy may be a central biological pathway linking environmental factors with reduced TL at birth. Approaches that more comprehensively characterize the prenatal inflammatory milieu rather than targeting specific individual cytokines in relation to newborn TL may better elucidate inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS Analyses included 129 mother-child dyads enrolled in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort. We measured 92 inflammation related proteins during pregnancy in maternal serum using the Olink protein array and quantified cord blood relative leukocyte TL (rLTL) via qPCR. We leveraged a tree-based machine learning algorithm to select the most important inflammatory related proteins jointly associated with rLTL. We then evaluated the combined association between the selected proteins with rLTL using Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) Regression. Analyses were adjusted for gestational week of serum collection, maternal race/ethnicity, age, and education, and fetal sex. We evaluated major biological function of the identified proteins by using the UniProtKB, a centralized repository of curated functional information. RESULTS Three proteins were negatively and linearly associated with rLTL (CASP8 β: -0.22 p = 0.008, BNGF β: -0.43 p = 0.033, TRANCE β: 0.38 p = 0.004). Results from BWQS regression showed a significant overall decrease in rLTL (β: -0.26 95%CrI: -0.43, -0.07) per quartile increase of the mixture, with CASP8 contributing the greatest weight (CASP8 50%; BNGF 27%, and TRANCE 23%). The identified proteins were involved in the regulation of apoptotic processes and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This proteomics approach identifies novel maternal prenatal inflammatory protein biomarkers associated with shortened rLTL in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - W Cowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bozack
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Foppa Pedretti
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M M Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - C Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Qin AB, Yu XJ, Wang SX, Zhou FD, Zhao MH. Unveiling the Features of Mercury-Associated Minimal Change Disease: Comparison with Primary Minimal Change Disease. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 7:156-165. [PMID: 33824871 DOI: 10.1159/000510877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Long-term exposure to mercury can cause minimal change disease. However, the current understanding of mercury-associated minimal change disease (M-MCD) is inadequate. To improve the understanding of M-MCD, this study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological, ultrastructural, and prognostic features of M-MCD, in comparison with primary minimal change disease (P-MCD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 21 M-MCD patients and 21 P-MCD patients. Electron micrographs of glomerular capillaries were taken, and the foot process width (FPW) was measured. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimum cutoff value of FPW that can differentiate the M-MCD from P-MCD. Results M-MCD patients presented similar clinical and routine pathological characteristics with P-MCD patients but had lower levels of FPW (935.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 853.7-1,176.7] nm vs. 1,403.2 [IQR 1,089.2-1,841.8] nm, p = 0.002). ROC curve analysis showed that FPW value below 1,385 nm might help to differentiate M-MCD from P-MCD (area under the curve of 0.787, sensitivity of 94.7%, and specificity of 52.4%). For patients with M-MCD, 77.8% achieved complete remission after mercury detoxification monotherapy. Patients with M-MCD had a lower relapse rate than patients with P-MCD (0 vs. 47.1%, p = 0.003). In addition, there was no significant difference in remission time between M-MCD patients treated with mercury detoxification monotherapy and those initially treated with immunosuppressive therapy (2.0 [IQR 1.0-6.0] months vs. 2.0 [IQR 1.5-2.5] months, p = 0.606). Conclusions M-MCD patients showed similar clinicopathological features with P-MCD patients, but with less severe foot process effacement, suggesting different pathogenesis of these 2 disease entities. The treatment of mercury detoxification was highly effective for patients with M-MCD and can be considered as a primary choice in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Bo Qin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Pathological Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-de Zhou
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Some Ototoxic Drugs Destroy Cochlear Support Cells Before Damaging Sensory Hair Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:743-752. [PMID: 31997155 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of ototoxic drugs are capable of damaging the sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea resulting in permanent hearing loss. However, the toxic properties of these drugs suggest that some could potentially damage cochlear support cells as well. To test the hypothesis, we treated postnatal day three rat cochlear cultures with toxic doses of gentamicin, cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium. Gentamicin primarily destroyed the hair cells and disrupted the intercellular connection with the surrounding support cells. Gentamicin-induced hair cell death was initiated through the caspase-9 intrinsic apoptotic pathway followed by activation of downstream executioner caspase-3. In contrast, cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium initially damaged the support cells and only later damaged the hair cells. Support cell death was initiated through the caspase-8 extrinsic apoptotic pathway followed later by downstream activation of caspase-3. Cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium significantly reduced the expression of actin and laminin, in the extracellular matrix, leading to significant disarray of the sensory epithelium.
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9
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Wu YH, Lin JC, Wang TY, Lin TJ, Yen MC, Liu YH, Wu PL, Chen FW, Shih YL, Yeh IJ. Hexavalent chromium intoxication induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis in human renal cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:851-857. [PMID: 31974625 PMCID: PMC6947900 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is a well-known toxic form of the heavy metal chromium in the natural environment. Clinical evidence has indicated that exposure to Cr(VI) can cause severe renal damage. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) is the main mechanism underlying the induction of cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate in detail the apoptotic pathways induced by Cr(VI)-exposure in a human immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2, in order to understand the mechanism involved therein. Exposure to 10 µM potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a toxic compound of Cr(VI), significantly decreased cell viability after 24 and 48 h of incubation and induced intracellular ROS generation. The expression levels of markers that activate the apoptotic pathway including cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were significantly upregulated in K2Cr2O7-exposed HK-2 cells. In addition, the induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic markers was detected in K2Cr2O7-exposed HK-2 cells. In summary, the present study described for the first time the novel apoptotic mechanism of Cr(VI)-toxicity in human renal cells which may be beneficial in designing optimal clinical treatment for renal damage caused by acute Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hung Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jhong-Ching Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yi Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzeng-Jih Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taoyuan Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yao-Hua Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fen-Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yueh-Lun Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Jeng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Semicarbazone derivatives as promising therapeutic alternatives in leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:57-66. [PMID: 31004571 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of synthetic compounds, containing a semicarbazone scaffold as a peptide mimetic framework. The leishmanicidal effect against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis was also evaluated at concentration of 100 μM-0.01 nM. The derivatives 2e, 2f, 2g and 1g, beyond the standards miltefosine and pentamidine, significantly diminished the number of L. amazonensis amastigotes in macrophages. These derivatives were also active against amastigotes of L. braziliensis. As 2g presented potent leishmanicidal activity against the amastigotes of L. amazonensis in macrophages, we also investigated the in vivo leishmanicidal activity of this compound against L. amazonensis. Approximately 105L. amazonensis promastigotes were subcutaneously inoculated into the dermis of the right ear of BALB/c mice, which were subsequently treated with 2g (p.o. or i.p.), miltefosine (p.o.) or glucantime (i.p.) at 30 μmol/kg/day x 28 days. Thus, a similar reduction in the lesion size was observed after the administration of 2g through oral (63.7 ± 10.1%) and intraperitoneal (61.8 ± 3.7%) routes. A larger effect was observed after treatment with miltefosine (97.7 ± 0.4%), and glucantime did not exhibit activity at the dose administered. With respect to the ear parasite load, 2g diminished the number of parasites by p.o. (30.5 ± 5.1%) and i.p. (33.3 ± 4.3%) administration. In addition, 2g induced in vitro apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle alterations on L. amazonensis promastigotes. In summary, the derivative 2g might represent a lead candidate for antileishmanial drugs, as this compound displayed pronounced leishmanicidal activity.
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11
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Sun M, Song H, Ye Y, Yang Q, Xu X, Zhu X, Zhang J, Shi S, Wang J, Liu Z. Differential toxicities of triptolide to immortalized podocytes and the podocytes in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2375-2386. [PMID: 30551497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) has an anti-proteinuric effect and is used for the treatment of podocytopathies. TP has also been shown to act directly on immortalized podocytes in culture to protect them from injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of TP on healthy podocytes both in vitro and in vivo to better understand the action of TP on podocytes. We found that treatment of TP at 10 ng/ml, a concentration that is routinely used for podocyte protection, was sufficient to activate pro-apoptotic signaling of MAPK p38, p53 and BAX and induced apoptosis in cultured podocytes; and higher concentrations of TP exacerbated the p38, p53 and BAX activations and apoptosis. Moreover, TP severely downregulated the genes that are essential for podocyte structure and function. Interestingly, in contrast with other agents TP-induced podocyte injury was not prevented by glucocorticoids. In vivo, high-dose TP treatment for prolonged time did not cause podocyte injury, essential genes downregulation, and proteinuria in mice. TP was also not toxic to the podocytes with isolated glomeruli ex vivo. In summary, TP is toxic to immortalized podocytes in culture but not to the podocytes in animals or isolated glomeruli ex vivo. Our study suggests that immortalized podocytes might have genetically evolved to become sensitive to TP toxicity and thus caution should be taken in interpreting data from immortalized podocytes. Nevertheless, in vivo TP could be as safe as glucocorticoids in treating podocytopathies. Finally, TP may be used as a unique in vitro model for studying steroid-resistant podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Song
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaolin Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Cao R, Liu Y, Wang Q, Dong Z, Yang D, Liu H, Ran W, Qu Y, Zhao J. Seawater acidification aggravated cadmium toxicity in the oyster Crassostrea gigas: Metal bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and multiple physiological responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:809-823. [PMID: 29925053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has demonstrated the combined effects of ocean acidification (OA) and other environmental stressors on marine organisms. Although metal pollution is widely distributed in coasts and estuaries, the combined effects of OA and metal pollution have received little attention until recent years. In this study, the accumulation and subcellular distribution of cadmium (Cd) and the physiological responses of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated after 31 days of exposure to OA and Cd, either alone or in combination. Increased Cd accumulation was found both in gills (about 57% increase at pH 7.8, 22% increase at pH 7.6) and digestive glands (about 38% increase at pH 7.8, 22% increase at pH 7.6) of C. gigas under elevated pCO2 exposure. Although a similar total Cd accumulation pattern was seen in oyster gills and digestive glands, a higher partition of Cd in the BIM (biologically inactive metal) fractions of gills (about 60%) was found in Cd-exposed treatments compared to the digestive glands (about 45%), which might correspond to the generally lower toxicity in gills. Moreover, synergetic effects of Cd and OA on the oxidative stresses, histopathological damage, and apoptosis of exposed oysters were observed in this study, which might be explained by significant interactions of these two factors on increased generation of ROS. These findings demonstrated that OA could aggravate the toxicity of metals in marine organisms, with significant implications for coastal benthic ecosystems regarding the widespread metal contamination and the concurrent increase of acidified seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Wen Ran
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi Qu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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Rojas-Franco P, Franco-Colín M, Camargo MEM, Carmona MME, Ortíz-Butrón MDRE, Blas-Valdivia V, Cano-Europa E. Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima ( Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318805070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira maxima ( Spirulina) is considered a nutraceutical or functional food because it provides health benefits and it is used as nephroprotector because it contains nucleophilic compounds as phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin that prevent oxidative stress and cellular damage process. Also, it is known that inorganic mercury is bioaccumulated and exerted kidney toxicity. Despite the nephroprotective effect of Spirulina and its components, there is not enough information about the effect of them on renal function as well as the apoptosis process inhibition. This work aimed to investigate whether phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina can improve HgCl2-related glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction as well as the Bax, Bcl2, and effectors caspases alterations. Male mice were administrated with Spirulina, phycobiliproteins or phycocyanin 30 min before 5 mg/Kg HgCl2 administration. The nutraceuticals were administrated for the next 5 days. Then, the mice were euthanized. The renal function, caspases 3 and 9 activities, as well as Bax and Bcl2 expression were evaluated. Spirulina and its components prevent HgCl2-related apoptosis induction and glomerular dysfunction. We concluded that phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina reduce glomerular damage but not the tubular dysfunction in a mercury-related acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Placido Rojas-Franco
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - Margarita Franco-Colín
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - María Estela Meléndez Camargo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Hepática y Renal, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - María Mirian Estévez Carmona
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Hepática y Renal, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - María del Rocío Elizabeth Ortíz-Butrón
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - Vanessa Blas-Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
| | - Edgar Cano-Europa
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo Madero, México
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Chen X, Xu Y, Cheng Z, Su H, Liu X, Xu D, Kapron C, Liu J. Low-dose cadmium activates the JNK signaling pathway in human renal podocytes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2359-2365. [PMID: 29393374 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxin. Our previous study demonstrated that low‑dose Cd damages the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Podocytes are a major component of the GFB, which regulate the passage of proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low‑dose Cd on human renal podocytes (HRPs). HRPs were treated with Cd and activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was examined by western blot analysis. Proliferation, viability and apoptosis of HRPs were evaluated by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The properties of HRPs were validated by immunofluorescence staining and Phalloidin‑labeling. The results indicated that 4 µM Cd may activate the JNK pathway, and increase the protein expression levels of c‑Jun and c‑Fos. However, proliferation, viability, apoptosis and alignment of the F‑actin cytoskeleton in HRPs were not significantly affected by Cd treatment, with or without SP600125 pretreatment. In addition, the expression levels of CD2‑associated protein and synaptopodin, which are differentiation markers of HRPs, remained unchanged following Cd treatment. These results indicated that low‑dose Cd activates the JNK pathway but does not significantly affect HRP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Chen
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- School of Graduate Studies, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zuowang Cheng
- School of Graduate Studies, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Cardiography, Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Carolyn Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Uwizeyimana H, Wang M, Chen W, Khan K. Ecotoxicological effects of binary mixtures of siduron and Cd on mRNA expression in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:657-665. [PMID: 28822934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the eco-toxicological responses of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) exposed to combined siduron (herbicide) and cadmium (Cd). Eisenia fetida gene expressions including metallothionein (MT) and heat shock protein70 (Hsp70) were analyzed using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction after individual and combined siduron (0.90, 1.80, 3.60 and 7.20μgcm-2) and Cd (0.225, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.80μgcm-2) sublethal exposures. Where, the nature of the toxicological interactions between siduron and Cd in inducing or suppressing MT and Hsp70 expression was determined by applying the Combination index (CI)-isobologram model. The results revealed significant variations in MT and weak changes in Hsp70 expression when the earthworms were exposed to individual Cd. The individual siduron exposure exhibited a significant down-regulation (p<0.01) in MT during all treatments and in Hsp70 expression only at 7.20μgcm-2 concentration; while the mixtures of siduron and Cd exposures resulted a significant down regulation (p<0.05) in both MT and Hsp70 expressions. Moreover, the combined siduron and Cd exposure revealed nearly additive effect (CI=1) at the lower effect levels and significant synergistic effect (CI<1) at the higher effect levels for both MT and Hsp70 expression. The synergistic effects of combined siduron and Cd suggest that there might be a potential risk connected to the co-occurrence of these chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Uwizeyimana
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Meie Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Weiping Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Kifayatullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan
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16
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Huang Y, He C, Shen C, Guo J, Mubeen S, Yuan J, Yang Z. Toxicity of cadmium and its health risks from leafy vegetable consumption. Food Funct 2017; 8:1373-1401. [PMID: 28232985 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal and has spread widely in the environment in recent decades. This review summarizes current knowledge about Cd contamination of leafy vegetables, its toxicity, exposure, health risks, and approaches to reducing its toxicity in humans. Leafy vegetable consumption has been identified as a dominant exposure pathway of Cd in the human body. An overview of Cd pollution in leafy vegetables as well as the main sources of Cd is given. Notable estimated daily intakes and health risks of Cd exposure through vegetable consumption for humans are revealed in occupational exposure areas and even in some reference areas. Vegetable consumption is one of the most significant sources of exposure to Cd, particularly in occupational exposure regions. Therefore, numerous approaches have been developed to minimize the accumulation of Cd in leafy vegetables, among which the breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars is one of the most effective tools. Furthermore, dietary supplements from leafy vegetables perform positive roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in humans with regard to the effects of essential mineral elements, vitamins and phytochemicals taken into the human body via leafy vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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17
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Li X, Wang L, Li Y, Fu J, Zhen L, Yang Q, Li S, Zhang Y. Tyrosine phosphorylation of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase as a potential cadmium target and its inhibitory role in regulating mouse sperm motility. Toxicology 2016; 357-358:52-64. [PMID: 27289041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is reported to reduce sperm motility and functions. However, the molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced toxicity remain largely unknown, presenting a major knowledge gap in research on reproductive toxicology. In the present study, we identified a candidate protein, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), which is a post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme, exhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse sperm exposed to Cd both in vivo and in vitro. Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated DLD was phosphorylated in tyrosine residues without altered expression after Cd treatment, which further confirmed our identified result. However, the tyrosine phosphorylation of DLD did not participate in mouse sperm capacitation and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) effectively prevented the tyrosine phosphorylation of DLD. Moreover, Cd-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of DLD lowered its dehydrogenase activity and meanwhile, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen (NADH) content, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) production and sperm motility were all inhibited by Cd. Interestingly, when the tyrosine phosphorylation of DLD was blocked by BSA, the decrease of DLD activity, NADH and ATP content as well as sperm motility was also suppressed simultaneously. These results suggested that Cd-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of DLD inhibited its activity and thus suppressed the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which resulted in the reduction of NADH and hence the ATP production generated through oxidative phosphorylation (OPHOXS). Taken together, our results revealed that Cd induced DLD tyrosine phosphorylation, in response to regulate TCA metabolic pathway, which reduced ATP levels and these negative effects led to decreased sperm motility. This study provided new understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the harmful effects of Cd on the motility and function of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jieli Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linqing Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiangzhen Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Miltonprabu S, Nazimabashir, Manoharan V. Hepatoprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on Cadmium-induced hepatic injury in rats: Possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Rep 2015; 3:63-77. [PMID: 28959524 PMCID: PMC5615429 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) against Cadmium (Cd) induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed in four experimental groups: control, GSP, Cd and Cd + GSP. Exposure to a hepatotoxic dose of Cd (5 mg/kg BW) caused liver damage, coupled with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased inflammation and apoptosis in liver with increased DNA damage in hepatocytes of rats. Mitochondria were isolated from the hepatic tissues of rats from each group. Our results showed significant decrease in the tri-carboxylic acid cycle enzymes, increased mitochondrial swelling, inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity and complex I-III, II-III and IV mediated electron transfer, decreased mitochondrial ATPases, a reduction in calcium content and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in Cd treated rats. All these molecular changes caused by Cd were alleviated by the pre-supplementation with GSP (100 mg/kg BW). The ultra structural changes in the liver also support our findings. From our results, it is clearly indicated that the free radical scavenging, metal chelating and antioxidant potentials of GSP might be the possible reason, responsible for the rescue action against Cd induced mitochondrial damage in the liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Miltonprabu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nazimabashir
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vaihundam Manoharan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002 Tamilnadu, India
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Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Nishigaki Y, Palaniswami R, Nishigaki I. In vitrostudies on mangiferin protection against cadmium-induced human renal endothelial damage and cell death via the MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:57-66. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1019137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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El-Baz MAH, El-Deeb TS, El-Noweihi AM, Mohany KM, Shaaban OM, Abbas AM. Environmental factors and apoptotic indices in patients with intrauterine growth retardation: a nested case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:589-596. [PMID: 25682005 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egypt has one of the highest incidences of IUGR. The current study investigates the effect of heavy metals toxicity as risk factors of IUGR and determines the possible role of increased apoptosis in their pathogenesis. METHODS This study was conducted in Assiut, Egypt, included 60 women diagnosed to have IUGR. We measured lead and cadmium levels in blood besides arsenic and cadmium levels in urine. Neonatal scalp hair sample were analyzed for arsenic content. Quantitative determination of human placental Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were performed. RESULTS There are significantly higher levels of heavy metals and caspase-3 and lower levels of placental Bcl-2 in the IUGR group. The levels of heavy metals were positively correlated with caspase-3 while negatively correlated (except cadmium) with Bcl-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS There is an alarming high level of heavy metals toxicity in Egypt that was positively correlated to IUGR. Increased placental apoptosis may be one of the possible mechanisms behind the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A H El-Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Thorya S El-Deeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amira M El-Noweihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Khalid M Mohany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Shaaban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Cinnabar-induced subchronic renal injury is associated with increased apoptosis in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:278931. [PMID: 25629042 PMCID: PMC4300031 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of apoptosis in cinnabar-induced renal injury in rats. To test this role, rats were dosed orally with cinnabar (1 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks or 12 weeks, and the control rats were treated with 5% carboxymethylcellulose solution. Levels of urinary mercury (UHg), renal mercury (RHg), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) were assessed, and renal pathology was analyzed. Apoptotic cells were identified and the apoptotic index was calculated. A rat antibody array was used to analyze expression of cytokines associated with apoptosis. Results from these analyses showed that UHg, RHg, and urine KIM-1, but not SCr, levels were significantly increased in cinnabar-treated rats. Renal pathological changes in cinnabar-treated rats included vacuolization of tubular cells, formation of protein casts, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increase in the number of apoptotic tubular cells. In comparison to the control group, expression of FasL, Fas, TNF-α, TRAIL, activin A, and adiponectin was upregulated in the cinnabar-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that prolonged use of cinnabar results in kidney damage due to accumulation of mercury and that the underlying mechanism involves apoptosis of tubular cells via a death receptor-mediated pathway.
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22
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The osteoprotegerin/tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand axis in the kidney. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 23:69-74. [PMID: 24247823 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000437611.42417.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily. TRAIL may modulate cell survival and proliferation through interaction with two different receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. The actions of TRAIL are regulated by three decoy receptors, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4 and osteoprotegerin (OPG). There is evidence that both TRAIL and OPG are expressed by renal cells. The OPG/TRAIL axis has been recently linked to the pathogenesis of renal damage and, in particular, diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS In patients with kidney diseases, serum TRAIL and OPG levels are increased in parallel and are significantly associated with each other. In diabetic nephropathy, the renal expression of TRAIL and OPG is elevated, and in tubular cells proinflammatory cytokines enhance TRAIL expression. Additionally, a high-glucose microenvironment sensitizes tubular cells to apoptosis induced by TRAIL, whereas OPG counteracts the actions of TRAIL in cultured cells. SUMMARY It seems that the expression and levels of TRAIL and OPG at serum and kidney levels are crucial for the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, and in particular diabetic nephropathy. Although further studies are necessary to clarify the exact role of the OPG/TRAIL axis in the kidney, this system seems to hold promise to provide therapeutic approaches for the management of renal damage. VIDEO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/CONH/A5).
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Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects against sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and programed cell death. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1057-70. [PMID: 24961358 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although kidney is a target organ of arsenic cytotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms of arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity remain poorly understood. As tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has recently been found to be a renal protectant in multiple kidney injuries, we hypothesize that TMP could suppress arsenic nephrotoxicity. In this study, human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was used to elucidate the precise mechanisms of arsenic nephrotoxicity as well as the protective mechanism of TMP in these cells. Sodium arsenite exposure dramatically increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased levels of cellular glutathione (GSH), decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicated mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, sodium arsenite activated pro-inflammatory signals, including β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Small molecule inhibitors of NF-κB and p38 MAPK blocked arsenic-induced COX-2 expression, suggesting arsenic-induced COX-2 up-regulation was NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent. Finally, sodium arsenite induced autophagy in HK-2 cells at early phase (6 h) and the subsequent apoptosis at 24 h. Treatment by TMP or by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine decreased arsenic-induced ROS production, enhanced GSH levels, prevented mitochondria dysfunction and suppressed the activation of pro-inflammatory signals and the development of autophagy and apoptosis. Our results suggested that TMP may be used as a new potential therapeutic agent to prevent arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing these pathological processes.
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Liu XF, Zhang LM, Guan HN, Zhang ZW, Xu SW. Effects of oxidative stress on apoptosis in manganese-induced testicular toxicity in cocks. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: interactions between cell death and survival pathways. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1743-86. [PMID: 23982889 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal Cd(2+) does not coerce the cell into committing to die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently, allowing survival until normal function is restored. With high Cd(2+), death pathways predominate. However, if sublethal stress levels affect cells for prolonged periods, as in chronic low Cd(2+) exposure, adaptive and survival mechanisms may deregulate, such that tumorigenesis ensues. Hence, death and malignancy are the two ends of a continuum of cellular responses to Cd(2+), determined by magnitude and duration of Cd(2+) stress. Signaling cascades are the key factors affecting cellular reactions to Cd(2+). This review critically surveys recent literature to outline major features of death and survival signaling pathways as well as their activation, interactions and cross talk in cells exposed to Cd(2+). Under physiological conditions, receptor activation generates 2nd messengers, which are short-lived and act specifically on effectors through their spatial and temporal dynamics to transiently alter effector activity. Cd(2+) recruits physiological 2nd messenger systems, in particular Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which control key Ca(2+)- and redox-sensitive molecular switches dictating cell function and fate. Severe ROS/Ca(2+) signals activate cell death effectors (ceramides, ASK1-JNK/p38, calpains, caspases) and/or cause irreversible damage to vital organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas low localized ROS/Ca(2+) levels act as 2nd messengers promoting cellular adaptation and survival through signal transduction (ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt-PKB) and transcriptional regulators (Ref1-Nrf2, NF-κB, Wnt, AP-1, bestrophin-3). Other cellular proteins and processes targeted by ROS/Ca(2+) (metallothioneins, Bcl-2 proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system, ER stress-associated unfolded protein response, autophagy, cell cycle) can evoke death or survival. Hence, temporary or permanent disruptions of ROS/Ca(2+) induced by Cd(2+) play a crucial role in eliciting, modulating and linking downstream cell death and adaptive and survival signaling cascades.
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Liu D, Yang J, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang L. Cd-induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in the hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68770. [PMID: 23894343 PMCID: PMC3718824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cd is one of the most common pollutants in the environment that also induces the apoptosis. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis in the hepatopancreas, freshwater crab S. henanense were treated with 0, 3.56, 7.12, 14.25, 28.49 and 56.98 mg/L Cd for 72 h. Apoptosis was noticeable in every treatment group and necrosis was observed clearly in the high concentration Cd groups. Classical apoptotic bodies were found by transmission electronic microscopy, which revealed chromatin condensation under nuclear membrane and mitochondrial membrane rupture. An increasing number of autolysosomes, damaged rough endoplamic reticulum and Golgi complex were observed as the Cd concentration increase. Brown colored apoptotic cells were detected by the TUNEL test in all Cd-treatment groups. The apoptosis index increased following the elevation of Cd concentration and got 32.9% in the highest Cd group. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities increased in the lower Cd treatment groups but no changes in the higher Cd concentration groups (comparing to the control group). The activity of caspase-8 did not change significantly. No significant change in the content of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) in Cd exposed groups except the decrease in the 56.98 mg/L group. In crabs treated with 3.56, 7.12 and 14.25 mg/L Cd, hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) significantly increased. These results implied that apoptosis in the hepatopancreas induced by Cd occurrs through the mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway. However, whether there are other apoptotic pathways needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Roscioli E, Hamon R, Lester S, Murgia C, Grant J, Zalewski P. Zinc-rich inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) as regulatory factors in the epithelium of normal and inflamed airways. Biometals 2013; 26:205-27. [PMID: 23460081 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrity of the airway epithelium (AE) is important in the context of inhaled allergens and noxious substances, particularly during asthma-related airway inflammation where there is increased vulnerability of the AE to cell death. Apoptosis involves a number of signaling pathways which activate procaspases leading to cleavage of critical substrates. Understanding the factors which regulate AE caspases is important for development of strategies to minimize AE damage and airway inflammation, and therefore to better control asthma. One such factor is the essential dietary metal zinc. Zinc deficiency results in enhanced AE apoptosis, and worsened airway inflammation. This has implications for asthma, where abnormalities in zinc homeostasis have been observed. Zinc is thought to suppress the steps involved in caspase-3 activation. One target of zinc is the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) which are endogenous regulators of caspases. More studies are needed to identify the roles of IAPs in regulating apoptosis in normal and inflamed airways and to study their interaction with labile zinc ions. This new information will provide a framework for future clinical studies aimed at monitoring and management of airway zinc levels as well as minimising airway damage and inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Roscioli
- Discipline of Medicine, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia.
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Nemmiche S, Chabane-Sari D, Kadri M, Guiraud P. Cadmium-induced apoptosis in the BJAB human B cell line: Involvement of PKC/ERK1/2/JNK signaling pathways in HO-1 expression. Toxicology 2012; 300:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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TNF superfamily: a growing saga of kidney injury modulators. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20953353 PMCID: PMC2952810 DOI: 10.1155/2010/182958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the TNF superfamily participate in kidney disease. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand regulate renal cell survival and inflammation, and therapeutic targeting improves the outcome of experimental renal injury. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL and its potential decoy receptor osteoprotegerin are the two most upregulated death-related genes in human diabetic nephropathy. TRAIL activates NF-kappaB in tubular cells and promotes apoptosis in tubular cells and podocytes, especially in a high-glucose environment. By contrast, osteoprotegerin plays a protective role against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Another family member, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK induces inflammation and tubular cell death or proliferation, depending on the microenvironment. While TNF only activates canonical NF-kappaB signaling, TWEAK promotes both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB activation in tubular cells, regulating different inflammatory responses. TWEAK promotes the secretion of MCP-1 and RANTES through NF-kappaB RelA-containing complexes and upregulates CCl21 and CCL19 expression through NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK-) dependent RelB/NF-kappaB2 complexes. In vivo TWEAK promotes postnephrectomy compensatory renal cell proliferation in a noninflammatory milieu. However, in the inflammatory milieu of acute kidney injury, TWEAK promotes tubular cell death and inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of TNF superfamily cytokines, including multipronged approaches targeting several cytokines should be further explored.
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Mitochondria, reactive oxygen species and cadmium toxicity in the kidney. Toxicol Lett 2010; 198:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Unifying mechanism for metals in toxicity, carcinogenicity and therapeutic action: integrated approach involving electron transfer, oxidative stress, antioxidants, cell signaling and receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:51-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10799890903582578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cadmium and mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:377-84. [PMID: 19706341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) a pollutant associated with several modern industrial processes, is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, water, food and air contaminations. It is known to have numerous undesirable effects on health in both experimental animals and humans, targeting kidney, liver and vascular system. The molecular mechanism accounting for most of the biological effects of Cd are not well-understood and the toxicity targets are largely unidentified. The present review focuses on important recent advances about the effects of cadmium on mitochondria of mammalian cells. Mitochondria are the proverbial powerhouses of the cell, running the fundamental biochemical processes that produce energy from nutrients using oxygen. They are among the key intracellular targets for different stressors including Cd. This review provides new additional informations on the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between Cd and cells, emphasizing alterations of mitochondria as important events in Cd cytotoxicity, thus representing an important basis for understanding the mechanisms of cadmium effect on the cells.
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Kulkarni MM, McMaster WR, Kamysz W, McGwire BS. Antimicrobial peptide-induced apoptotic death of leishmania results from calcium-de pend ent, caspase-independent mitochondrial toxicity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15496-504. [PMID: 19357081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809079200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha- and -defensin-, magainin-, and cathelicidin-type antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can kill the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania. Comparative studies of a panel of AMPs have defined two distinct groups: those that induce nonapoptotic (Class I) and apoptotic (Class II) parasite killing based on their differential ability to induce phosphatidyl serine exposure, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP production, induction of caspase-3/7 and -12 activity, and DNA degradation. Class II AMPs cause rapid influx of the vital stain SYTOX and an increase in intracellular Ca2+, whereas Class I AMPs cause a slow accumulation of SYTOX and do not affect intracellular Ca2+ levels. Inhibitors of cysteine or caspase proteases diminished fast influx of SYTOX through the surface membrane and DNA degradation but do not ablate the annexin V staining or the induction of apoptosis by Class II AMPs. This suggests that the changes in surface permeability in AMP-mediated apoptosis are related to the downstream events of intracellular cysteine/caspase activation or the loss of ATP. The activation of caspase-12-like activity was Ca(2+)-dependent, and inhibitors of voltage-gated and nonspecific Ca2+ channels diminished this activity. Flufenamic acid, a nonspecific Ca2+ inhibitor, completely ablated AMP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death, indicating the importance of dysregulation of Ca2+ in antimicrobial peptide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha M Kulkarni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Tl(I) and Tl(III) activate both mitochondrial and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 236:59-70. [PMID: 19371624 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic metal though yet its mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells exposure to thallous (Tl(I)) or thallic (Tl(III)) cations leads to mitochondrial damage and reduced cell viability. In the present work we comparatively characterized the possible pathways involved in Tl(I)- and Tl(III)- (10-100 muM) mediated decrease in PC12 cells viability. We observed that these cations do not cause cell necrosis but significantly increased the number of cells with apoptotic features. Both cations lead to Bax oligomerization and caused apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Endo G), and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, but they did not activate caspase dependent DNAse (CAD). Tl(I)- and Tl(III)-dependent caspases 9 and 3 activation followed similar kinetics, with maximal effects at 18 h of incubation. In addition, Tl(I) promoted phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Tl(III) induced 2- and 18-fold increase in Fas content and caspase 8 activity, respectively. Together, experimental results show that Tl(I) and Tl(III) induce PC12 cells apoptosis, although differential pathways are involved. While Tl(I)-mediated cell apoptosis was mainly associated with mitochondrial damage, Tl(III) showed a mixed effect triggering both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Tl-induced loss of cell viability in PC12 cells.
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Rana SVS. Metals and apoptosis: recent developments. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2008; 22:262-84. [PMID: 19013355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death is a highly regulated and crucial process found in all multicellular organisms. It is not only implicated in regulatory mechanisms of cells, but has been attributed to a number of diseases, i.e. inflammation, malignancy, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A variety of toxins can induce apoptosis. Carcinogenic transition metals, viz. cadmium, chromium and nickel promote apoptosis along with DNA base modifications, strand breaks and rearrangements. Generation of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of Ca(2+), upregulation of caspase-3, down regulation of bcl-2, and deficiency of p-53 lead to arsenic-induced apoptosis. In the case of cadmium, metallothionein expression determines the choice between apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p53 contribute in apoptosis caused by chromium. Immuno suppressive mechanisms contribute in lead-induced apoptosis whereas in the case of mercury, p38 mediated caspase activation regulate apoptosis. Nickel kills the cells by apoptotic pathways. Copper induces apoptosis by p53 dependent and independent pathways. Beryllium stimulates the formation of ROS that play a role in Be-induced macrophage apoptosis. Selenium induces apoptosis by producing superoxide that activates p53. Thus, disorders of apoptosis may play a critical role in some of the most debilitating metal-induced afflictions including hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. An understanding of metal-induced apoptosis will be helpful in the development of preventive molecular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Vir Singh Rana
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India.
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Girasole M, Cricenti A, Generosi R, Longo G, Pompeo G, Cotesta S, Congiu-Castellano A. Different membrane modifications revealed by atomic force/lateral force microscopy after doping of human pancreatic cells with Cd, Zn, or Pb. Microsc Res Tech 2007; 70:912-7. [PMID: 17726693 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the cytotoxic metals cadmium, zinc, and lead with pancreatic cells was studied by atomic force/lateral Force microscopy (AFM/LFM), an approach that provides both topographic (with nanometer scale lateral resolution) and chemical information on the membrane. Different morphological modifications of the overall cell shape and roughness took place as consequence of 100 muM metal-dependent treatment. Furthermore, after exposure to Cd(Cl(2)) and Zn(Cl(2)), but not Pb(Cl(2)), the LFM images revealed several areas of the cell's surface showing lateral friction contrasts that have been interpreted as marker of different alterations of the cell physiology induced by the metal loading. Thus, the coupling of LFM detection to topographic AFM characterization allows to distinguish, through a nondestructive and surface characterising approach, between different metal-induced cytotoxic effects on cells. In this framework, the role of the LFM as an important tool to discriminate between different alteration of a biological system has to be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma 00133, Italy.
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Bertin G, Averbeck D. Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review). Biochimie 2006; 88:1549-59. [PMID: 17070979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Occupational and environmental pollution with cadmium results mainly from mining, metallurgy industry and manufactures of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Important sources of human intoxication are cigarette smoke as well as food, water and air contaminations. In humans, cadmium exposures have been associated with cancers of the prostate, lungs and testes. Acute exposures are responsible for damage to these organs. Chronic intoxication is associated with obstructive airway disease, emphysema, irreversible renal failure, bone disorders and immuno-suppression. At the cellular level, cadmium affects proliferation, differentiation and causes apoptosis. It has been classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, it is weakly genotoxic. Indirect effects of cadmium provoke generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Cadmium modulates also gene expression and signal transduction, reduces activities of proteins involved in antioxidant defenses. Several studies have shown that it interferes with DNA repair. The present review focuses on the effects of cadmium in mammalian cells with special emphasis on the induction of damage to DNA, membranes and proteins, the inhibition of different types of DNA repair and the induction of apoptosis. Current data and hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in cadmium genotoxicity and carcinogenesis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bertin
- Institut Curie-UMR 2027 CNRS Génotoxicologie et cycle cellulaire, LCR V28 du CEA, centre universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
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