1
|
Patil SM, Tandon R, Tandon N. Recent developments in silver nanoparticles utilized for cancer treatment and diagnosis: a patent review. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:175-186. [PMID: 36475455 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is a young but rapidly expanding science that incorporates elements of therapy and diagnostics in a unique and miniscule area of research. The potential to combine diagnostic and therapeutic abilities inside a complete unit opens up interesting possibilities for innovative biomedical research. Silver-based nanoparticles, for instance, are widely utilized as pharmacological and biomedical imaging molecules, and hence offer a lot of potential for the development of versatile targeted therapy compositions. These nanoparticles have been used for cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments recently. We evaluate major innovations based on silver nanotheranostics technologies in this review paper, with an emphasis on cancer treatment implications. The present review covers papers, from 2010 to 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shripad M Patil
- School of chemical engineering & physical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Karjat, 414401, Maharashtra, India
| | - Runjhun Tandon
- School of chemical engineering & physical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nitin Tandon
- School of chemical engineering & physical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recent advances in theranostic polymeric nanoparticles for cancer treatment: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119314. [PMID: 32283197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is fast-growing pharmaceutical technology for simultaneously monitoring drug release and its distribution, and to evaluate the real time therapeutic efficacy through a single nanoscale for treatment and diagnosis of deadly disease such as cancers. In recent two decades, biodegradable polymers have been discovered as important carriers to accommodate therapeutic and medical imaging agents to facilitate construction of multi-modal formulations. In this review, we summarize various multifunctional polymeric nano-sized formulations such as polymer-based super paramagnetic nanoparticles, ultrasound-triggered polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles bearing radionuclides, and fluorescent polymeric nano-sized formulations for purpose of theranostics. The use of such multi-modal nano-sized formulations for near future clinical trials can assist clinicians to predict therapeutic properties (for instance, depending upon the quantity of drug accumulated at the cancerous site) and observed the progress of tumor growth in patients, thus improving tailored medicines.
Collapse
|
3
|
Azqhandi MHA, Farahani BV, Dehghani N. Encapsulation of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in interpolymer complexes formed between poly acrylic acid and poly ethylene glycol on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as drug delivery systems. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
4
|
Cheng R, Xue Y. Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22861-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
5
|
Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, John AA, Jaganathan SK, Murugesan S, Mohandas H, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Tangible nanocomposites with diverse properties for heart valve application. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:033504. [PMID: 27877785 PMCID: PMC5099822 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease claims millions of lives every year throughout the world. Biomaterials are used widely for the treatment of this fatal disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanocomposites has become almost inevitable in the field of biomaterials. The versatile properties of nanocomposites, such as improved durability and biocompatibility, make them an ideal choice for various biomedical applications. Among the various nanocomposites, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(carbonate-urea)urethane, bacterial cellulose with polyvinyl alcohol, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and nano-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites have gained popularity as putative choices for biomaterials in cardiovascular applications owing to their superior properties. In this review, various studies performed utilizing these nanocomposites for improving the mechanical strength, anti-calcification potential and hemocompatibility of heart valves are reviewed and summarized. The primary motive of this work is to shed light on the emerging nanocomposites for heart valve applications. Furthermore, we aim to promote the prospects of these nanocomposites in the campaign against cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Aruna Priyadarshini Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Hemanth Mohandas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Texas, TX 76019, USA
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luk B, Zhang L. Current advances in polymer-based nanotheranostics for cancer treatment and diagnosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21859-73. [PMID: 25014486 PMCID: PMC4278687 DOI: 10.1021/am5036225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is a relatively new, fast-growing field that combines the advantages of treatment and diagnosis via a single nanoscale carrier. The ability to bundle both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities into one package offers exciting prospects for the development of novel nanomedicine. Nanotheranostics can deliver treatment while simultaneously monitoring therapy response in real-time, thereby decreasing the potential of over- or under-dosing patients. Polymer-based nanomaterials, in particular, have been used extensively as carriers for both therapeutic and bioimaging agents and thus hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional theranostic formulations. Herein, we review recent advances in polymer-based systems for nanotheranostics, with a particular focus on their applications in cancer research. We summarize the use of polymer nanomaterials for drug delivery, gene delivery, and photodynamic therapy, combined with imaging agents for magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging, and fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian
T. Luk
- Department
of NanoEngineering
and Moores Cancer Center, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department
of NanoEngineering
and Moores Cancer Center, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong BS, Yoong SL, Jagusiak A, Panczyk T, Ho HK, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Carbon nanotubes for delivery of small molecule drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1964-2015. [PMID: 23954402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained tremendous attention as promising nanocarriers, owing to their distinct characteristics, such as high surface area, enhanced cellular uptake and the possibility to be easily conjugated with many therapeutics, including both small molecules and biologics, displaying superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and diminished side effects. While most CNT-based drug delivery system (DDS) had been engineered to combat cancers, there are also emerging reports that employ CNTs as either the main carrier or adjunct material for the delivery of various non-anticancer drugs. In this review, the delivery of small molecule drugs is expounded, with special attention paid to the current progress of in vitro and in vivo research involving CNT-based DDSs, before finally concluding with some consideration on inevitable complications that hamper successful disease intervention with CNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S4 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Birch ME, Ruda-Eberenz TA, Chai M, Andrews R, Hatfield RL. Properties that influence the specific surface areas of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 57:1148-66. [PMID: 24029925 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/met042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available carbon nanotubes and nanofibers were analyzed to examine possible relationships between their Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas (SSAs) and their physical and chemical properties. Properties found to influence surface area were number of walls/diameter, impurities, and surface functionalization with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Characterization by electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis indicates that SSA can provide insight on carbon nanomaterials properties, which can differ vastly depending on synthesis parameters and post-production treatments. In this study, how different properties may influence surface area is discussed. The materials examined have a wide range of surface areas. The measured surface areas differed from product specifications, to varying degrees, and between similar products. Findings emphasize the multiple factors that influence surface area and mark its utility in carbon nanomaterial characterization, a prerequisite to understanding their potential applications and toxicities. Implications for occupational monitoring are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Eileen Birch
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, MS-R7 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsuruoka S, Takeuchi K, Koyama K, Noguchi T, Endo M, Tristan F, Terrones M, Matsumoto H, Saito N, Usui Y, Porter DW, Castranova V. ROS evaluation for a series of CNTs and their derivatives using an ESR method with DMPO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 429. [PMID: 26300949 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are important materials in advanced industries. It is a concern that pulmonary exposure to CNTs may induce carcinogenic responses. It has been recently reported that CNTs scavenge ROS though non-carbon fibers generate ROS. A comprehensive evaluation of ROS scavenging using various kinds of CNTs has not been demonstrated well. The present work specifically investigates ROS scavenging capabilities with a series of CNTs and their derivatives that were physically treated, and with the number of commercially available CNTs. CNT concentrations were controlled at 0.2 through 0.6 wt%. The ROS scavenging rate was measured by ESR with DMPO. Interestingly, the ROS scavenging rate was not only influenced by physical treatments, but was also dependent on individual manufacturing methods. Ratio of CNTs to DMPO/ hydrogen peroxide is a key parameter to obtain appropriate ROS quenching results for comparison of CNTs. The present results suggest that dangling bonds are not a sole factor for scavenging, and electron transfer on the CNT surface is not clearly determined to be the sole mechanism to explain ROS scavenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tsuruoka
- Shinshu University, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - K Takeuchi
- Shinshu University, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - K Koyama
- Shinshu University, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Shinshu University, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Endo
- Shinshu University, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - F Tristan
- Shinshu University, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Terrones
- Shinshu University, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - H Matsumoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - N Saito
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University, School of Health Sciences, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Y Usui
- Shinshu University, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Japan
| | - D W Porter
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - V Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Delorme MP, Muro Y, Arai T, Banas DA, Frame SR, Reed KL, Warheit DB. Ninety-day inhalation toxicity study with a vapor grown carbon nanofiber in rats. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:449-60. [PMID: 22581831 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A subchronic inhalation toxicity study of inhaled vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) (VGCF-H) was conducted in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The CNF test sample was composed of > 99.5% carbon with virtually no catalyst metals; Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area measurements of 13.8 m2/g; and mean lengths and diameters of 5.8 µm and 158 nm, respectively.Four groups of rats per sex were exposed nose-only, 6 h/day, for 5 days/week to target concentrations of 0, 0.50, 2.5, or 25 mg/m3 VGCF-H over a 90-day period and evaluated 1 day later. Assessments included conventional clinical and histopathological methods, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, and cell proliferation (CP) studies of the terminal bronchiole (TB), alveolar duct (AD), and subpleural regions of the respiratory tract. In addition, groups of 0 and 25 mg/m3 exposed rats were evaluated at 3 months postexposure (PE). Aerosol exposures of rats to 0.54 (4.9 f/cc), 2.5 (56 f/cc), and 25 (252 f/cc) mg/m(3) of VGCF-H CNFs produced concentration-related small, detectable accumulation of extrapulmonary fibers with no adverse tissue effects. At the two highest concentrations, inflammation of the TB and AD regions of the respiratory tract was noted wherein fiber-laden alveolar macrophages had accumulated. This finding was characterized by minimal infiltrates of inflammatory cells in rats exposed to 2.5mg/m(3) CNF, inflammation along with some thickening of interstitial walls, and hypertrophy/hyperplasia of type II epithelial cells, graded as slight for the 25mg/m(3) concentration. At 3 months PE, the inflammation in the high dose was reduced. No adverse effects were observed at 0.54mg/m(3). BALF and CP endpoint increases versus controls were noted at 25mg/m(3) VGCF-H but not different from control values at 0.54 or 2.5mg/m(3). After 90 days PE, BALF biomarkers were still increased at 25mg/m(3), indicating that the inflammatory response was not fully resolved. Greater than 90% of CNF-exposed, BALF-recovered alveolar macrophages from the 25 and 2.5mg/m(3) exposure groups contained nanofibers (> 60% for 0.5mg/m(3)). A nonspecific inflammatory response was also noted in the nasal passages. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for VGCF-H nanofibers was considered to be 0.54mg/m(3) (4.9 fibers/cc) for male and female rats, based on the minimal inflammation in the terminal bronchiole and alveolar duct areas of the lungs at 2.5mg/m(3) exposures. It is noteworthy that the histopathology observations at the 2.5mg/m(3) exposure level did not correlate with the CP or BALF data at that exposure concentration. In addition, the results with CNF are compared with published findings of 90-day inhalation studies in rats with carbon nanotubes, and hypotheses are presented for potency differences based on CNT physicochemical characteristics. Finally, the (lack of) relevance of CNF for the high aspect ratio nanomaterials/fiber paradigm is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Delorme
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences Newark, Delaware 19714-0050, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fenoglio I, Aldieri E, Gazzano E, Cesano F, Colonna M, Scarano D, Mazzucco G, Attanasio A, Yakoub Y, Lison D, Fubini B. Thickness of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Affects Their Lung Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 25:74-82. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200255h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fenoglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G.
Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia
e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Santena, 5/bis, Torino 10126, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G.
Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia
e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Santena, 5/bis, Torino 10126, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G.
Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Federico Cesano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Colonna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G.
Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Domenica Scarano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Gianna Mazzucco
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Biomediche
e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino, via Santena 7, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Angelo Attanasio
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Biomediche
e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino, via Santena 7, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre of Toxicology and
Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, Box B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre of Toxicology and
Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, Box B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center “G.
Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria
7, Torino 10125, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fubini B, Fenoglio I, Tomatis M, Turci F. Effect of chemical composition and state of the surface on the toxic response to high aspect ratio nanomaterials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:899-920. [PMID: 21793679 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials often act as a double sword. On the one hand they offer exceptional new properties, but on the other hand show signs of toxicity. High aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) cause more concern than isometric nanoparticles owing to their physical similarity with asbestos. Many compounds may be prepared in fibrous shape with nano-sized diameter differing one from the other in various ways. This article reports a comparative picture of the chemical features and related toxic responses to a variety of HARNs, namely carbon nanotubes, asbestos, carbon nanofibers, oxide and metal wires and rods. In spite of similarities in form, durability and several biological responses elicited in vitro and in vivo, carbon nanotubes - opposite to asbestos - quench radicals, are hydrophobic and may be fully purified from metal impurities. Most of the other HARNs produced so far are metal or metal oxide compounds, less biopersistent than carbon nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bice Fubini
- Dip. Chimica IFM & G. Scansetti Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos & Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanomaterial risk assessment and management experiences related to worker health under the Toxic Substances Control Act. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:S98-102. [PMID: 21654427 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31821b1bdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examined the data and experiences gathered through the review of over 100 nanomaterial submissions for industrial nanomaterials, and what these data indicate for worker health at industrial facilities where nanomaterials are synthesized, and/or incorporated into final products for the marketplace. METHODS The types of nanomaterials, their uses, potential health effects and worker exposures, methods for examining worker and general population exposures, and risk management actions taken under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) prior to their manufacture are summarized. RESULTS There is a diversity of nanomaterials are currently entering the marketplace, but there are certain materials reviewed under TSCA such as carbon-based nanomaterials and metal oxides that are more likely to be commercialized than others. There are health and monitoring data that have been received by EPA that are useful in determining potential risks, and risk management approaches such as limiting uses of the nanomaterials and embedding nanomaterials in polymer matrices that reduce concerns for worker exposures. Certain EPA data gathering tools such as those used to collect nanomaterial use and worker exposure information, and screening level approaches for estimating worker exposures are useful and could be enhanced to better estimate worker risks. CONCLUSIONS The data and experiences with nanomaterials under TSCA should prove useful when considering worker exposure registries, medical surveillance and epidemiological research.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gavello D, Vandael DHF, Cesa R, Premoselli F, Marcantoni A, Cesano F, Scarano D, Fubini B, Carbone E, Fenoglio I, Carabelli V. Altered excitability of cultured chromaffin cells following exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:47-60. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.553294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
Hubbs AF, Mercer RR, Benkovic SA, Harkema JACK, Sriram K, Schwegler-Berry D, Goravanahally MP, Nurkiewicz TR, Castranova V, Sargent LM. Nanotoxicology--a pathologist's perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:301-24. [PMID: 21422259 PMCID: PMC9808592 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - JACK Harkema
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Madhusudan P. Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aschberger K, Johnston HJ, Stone V, Aitken RJ, Hankin SM, Peters SAK, Tran CL, Christensen FM. Review of carbon nanotubes toxicity and exposure--appraisal of human health risk assessment based on open literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:759-90. [PMID: 20860524 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.506638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess many unique electronic and mechanical properties and are thus interesting for numerous novel industrial and biomedical applications. As the level of production and use of these materials increases, so too does the potential risk to human health. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and challenges associated with conducting a human health risk assessment for carbon nanotubes based on the open literature, utilising an approach similar to that of a classical regulatory risk assessment. Results indicate that the main risks for humans arise from chronic occupational inhalation, especially during activities involving high CNT release and uncontrolled exposure. It is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions with regards the potential risk for long, straight multi-walled carbon nanotubes to pose a similar risk as asbestos by inducing mesothelioma. The genotoxic potential of CNTs is currently inconclusive and could be either primary or secondary. Possible systemic effects of CNTs would be either dependent on absorption and distribution of CNTs to sensitive organs or could be induced through the release of inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, gaps in the data set in relation to both exposure and hazard do not allow any definite conclusions suitable for regulatory decision-making. In order to enable a full human health risk assessment, future work should focus on the generation of reliable occupational, environmental and consumer exposure data. Data on toxicokinetics and studies investigating effects of chronic exposure under conditions relevant for human exposure should also be prioritised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Aschberger
- Nanobiosciences Unit, European Commission-DG Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), Ispra, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhirde AA, Patel S, Sousa AA, Patel V, Molinolo AA, Ji Y, Leapman RD, Gutkind JS, Rusling JF. Distribution and clearance of PEG-single-walled carbon nanotube cancer drug delivery vehicles in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1535-46. [PMID: 21143032 PMCID: PMC3175610 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the distribution and clearance of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ylated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) as drug delivery vehicles for the anticancer drug cisplatin in mice. MATERIALS & METHODS PEG layers were attached to SWCNTs and dispersed in aqueous media and characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro using Annexin-V assay, and the distribution and clearance pathways in mice were studied by histological staining and Raman spectroscopy. Efficacy of PEG-SWCNT-cisplatin for tumor growth inhibition was studied in mice. RESULTS & DISCUSSION PEG-SWCNTs were efficiently dispersed in aqueous media compared with controls, and did not induce apoptosis in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Raman bands for SWCNTs in tissues from several vital organs from mice injected intravenously with nanotube bioconjugates revealed that control SWCNTs were lodged in lung tissue as large aggregates compared with the PEG-SWCNTs, which showed little or no accumulation. Characteristic SWCNT Raman bands in feces revealed the presence of bilary or renal excretion routes. Attachment of cisplatin on bioconjugates was visualized with Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. PEG-SWCNT-cisplatin with the attached targeting ligand EGF successfully inhibited growth of head and neck tumor xenografts in mice. CONCLUSIONS PEG-SWCNTs, as opposed to control SWCNTs, form more highly dispersed delivery vehicles that, when loaded with both cisplatin and EGF, inhibit growth of squamous cell tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A Bhirde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Oral & Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alioscka A Sousa
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging & Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral & Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Oral & Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Clinical & Experimental Orthopedics, National Institute of Arthritis, & Musculoskeletal & Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging & Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral & Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Geraci CL, Castranova V. Challenges in assessing nanomaterial toxicology: a personal perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:569-77. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Geraci
- Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park EJ, Cho WS, Jeong J, Yi JH, Choi K, Kim Y, Park K. Induction of Inflammatory Responses in Mice Treated with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Intratracheal Instillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Toxicological Research
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Toxicological Research
| | - Jong-heop Yi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Chemical Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thurnherr T, Su DS, Diener L, Weinberg G, Manser P, Pfänder N, Arrigo R, Schuster ME, Wick P, Krug HF. Comprehensive evaluation ofin vitrotoxicity of three large-scale produced carbon nanotubes on human Jurkat T cells and a comparison to crocidolite asbestos. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390903276958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
21
|
Sanchez VC, Pietruska JR, Miselis NR, Hurt RH, Kane AB. Biopersistence and potential adverse health impacts of fibrous nanomaterials: what have we learned from asbestos? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 1:511-29. [PMID: 20049814 PMCID: PMC2864601 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human diseases associated with exposure to asbestos fibers include pleural fibrosis and plaques, pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), lung cancer, and diffuse malignant mesothelioma. The critical determinants of fiber bioactivity and toxicity include not only fiber dimensions, but also shape, surface reactivity, crystallinity, chemical composition, and presence of transition metals. Depending on their size and dimensions, inhaled fibers can penetrate the respiratory tract to the distal airways and into the alveolar spaces. Fibers can be cleared by several mechanisms, including the mucociliary escalator, engulfment, and removal by macrophages, or through splitting and chemical modification. Biopersistence of long asbestos fibers can lead to inflammation, granuloma formation, fibrosis, and cancer. Exposure to synthetic carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is considered a potential health hazard because of their physical similarities with asbestos fibers. Respiratory exposure to CNTs can produce an inflammatory response, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and formation of fibrotic granulomas similar to that observed in asbestos-exposed animals and humans. Given the known cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties of asbestos fibers, toxicity of fibrous nanomaterials is a topic of intense study. The mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity remain to be fully elucidated, but recent evidence suggests points of similarity with asbestos fibers, including a role for generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Considering the rapid increase in production and use of fibrous nanomaterials, it is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of their biologic activity to avoid the human health catastrophe that has resulted from widespread use of asbestos fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa C. Sanchez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jodie R. Pietruska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nathan R. Miselis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert H. Hurt
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pro-inflammatory and potential allergic responses resulting from B cell activation in mice treated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes by intratracheal instillation. Toxicology 2009; 259:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
23
|
Bhirde AA, Patel V, Gavard J, Zhang G, Sousa AA, Masedunskas A, Leapman RD, Weigert R, Gutkind JS, Rusling JF. Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro with EGF-directed carbon nanotube-based drug delivery. ACS NANO 2009; 3:307-16. [PMID: 19236065 PMCID: PMC2665730 DOI: 10.1021/nn800551s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube-based drug delivery holds great promise for cancer therapy. Herein we report the first targeted, in vivo killing of cancer cells using a drug-single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bioconjugate, and demonstrate efficacy superior to nontargeted bioconjugates. First line anticancer agent cisplatin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were attached to SWNTs to specifically target squamous cancer, and the nontargeted control was SWNT-cisplatin without EGF. Initial in vitro imaging studies with head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) overexpressing EGF receptors (EGFR) using Qdot luminescence and confocal microscopy showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF bioconjugates internalized rapidly into the cancer cells. Limited uptake occurred for control cells without EGF, and uptake was blocked by siRNA knockdown of EGFR in cancer cells, revealing the importance of EGF-EGFR binding. Three color, two-photon intravital video imaging in vivo showed that SWNT-Qdot-EGF injected into live mice was selectively taken up by HNSCC tumors, but SWNT-Qdot controls with no EGF were cleared from the tumor region in <20 min. HNSCC cells treated with SWNT-cisplatin-EGF were also killed selectively, while control systems that did not feature EGF-EGFR binding did not influence cell proliferation. Most significantly, regression of tumor growth was rapid in mice treated with targeted SWNT-cisplatin-EGF relative to nontargeted SWNT-cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A Bhirde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kelly RJ. Occupational medicine implications of engineered nanoscale particulate matter. ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchas.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Porter D, Schulte P, Kagan VE, Fadeel B, Castranova V. Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:192-204. [PMID: 19103221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging science involving manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale. There are several exciting prospects for the application of engineered nanomaterials in medicine. However, concerns over adverse and unanticipated effects on human health have also been raised. In fact, the same properties that make engineered nanomaterials attractive from a technological and biomedical perspective could also make these novel materials harmful to human health and the environment. Carbon nanotubes are cylinders of one or several coaxial graphite layer(s) with a diameter in the order of nanometers, and serve as an instructive example of the Janus-like properties of nanomaterials. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that carbon nanotubes and/or associated contaminants or catalytic materials that arise during the production process may induce oxidative stress and prominent pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies also suggest some similarities between the pathogenic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and those of asbestos fibers. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes can be readily functionalized and several studies on the use of carbon nanotubes as versatile excipients for drug delivery and imaging of disease processes have been reported, suggesting that carbon nanotubes may have a place in the armamentarium for treatment and monitoring of cancer, infection, and other disease conditions. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that holds great promise; however, close attention to safety issues is required to ensure that the opportunities that carbon nanotubes and other engineered nanoparticles offer can be translated into feasible and safe constructs for the treatment of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ryman-Rasmussen JP, Tewksbury EW, Moss OR, Cesta MF, Wong BA, Bonner JC. Inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes potentiate airway fibrosis in murine allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:349-58. [PMID: 18787175 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0276oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are gaining increasing attention due to possible health risks from occupational or environmental exposures. This study tested the hypothesis that inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) would increase airway fibrosis in mice with allergic asthma. Normal and ovalbumin-sensitized mice were exposed to a MWCNT aerosol (100 mg/m(3)) or saline aerosol for 6 hours. Lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined by histopathology, clinical chemistry, ELISA, or RT-PCR for cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, and collagen at 1 and 14 days after inhalation. Inhaled MWCNT were distributed throughout the lung and found in macrophages by light microscopy, but were also evident in epithelial cells by electron microscopy. Quantitative morphometry showed significant airway fibrosis at 14 days in mice that received a combination of ovalbumin and MWCNT, but not in mice that received ovalbumin or MWCNT only. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice that did not inhale MWCNT had elevated levels IL-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in lung lavage fluid, but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. In contrast, unsensitized mice that inhaled MWCNT had elevated PDGF-AA, but not increased levels of TGF-beta1 and IL-13. This suggested that airway fibrosis resulting from combined ovalbumin sensitization and MWCNT inhalation requires PDGF, a potent fibroblast mitogen, and TGF-beta1, which stimulates collagen production. Combined ovalbumin sensitization and MWCNT inhalation also synergistically increased IL-5 mRNA levels, which could further contribute to airway fibrosis. These data indicate that inhaled MWCNT require pre-existing inflammation to cause airway fibrosis. Our findings suggest that individuals with pre-existing allergic inflammation may be susceptible to airway fibrosis from inhaled MWCNT.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Y, Zhang Q, Mu Q, Zhang B, Yan B. Exploring the immunotoxicity of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 3:271-7. [PMID: 21771349 PMCID: PMC3244872 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their applications in nanomedicine lead to the increased exposure risk of nanomaterials to human beings. Although reports on toxicity of nanomaterials are rapidly growing, there is still a lack of knowledge on the potential toxicity of such materials to immune systems. This article reviews some existing studies assessing carbon nanotubes' toxicity to immune system and provides the potential mechanistic explanation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schipper ML, Nakayama-Ratchford N, Davis CR, Kam NWS, Chu P, Liu Z, Sun X, Dai H, Gambhir SS. A pilot toxicology study of single-walled carbon nanotubes in a small sample of mice. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 3:216-221. [PMID: 18654506 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes are currently under evaluation in biomedical applications, including in vivo delivery of drugs, proteins, peptides and nucleic acids (for gene transfer or gene silencing), in vivo tumour imaging and tumour targeting of single-walled carbon nanotubes as an anti-neoplastic treatment. However, concerns about the potential toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been raised. Here we examine the acute and chronic toxicity of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes when injected into the bloodstream of mice. Survival, clinical and laboratory parameters reveal no evidence of toxicity over 4 months. Upon killing, careful necropsy and tissue histology show age-related changes only. Histology and Raman microscopic mapping demonstrate that functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes persisted within liver and spleen macrophages for 4 months without apparent toxicity. Although this is a preliminary study with a small group of animals, our results encourage further confirmation studies with larger groups of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike L Schipper
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Palo Alto, California 94305-5427, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|