1
|
Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Cong W, Wang N, Zhao K, Liu J, Liu X, Zhao G, Lambert H, Huang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Impact of low-level exposure to antibiotics on bile acid homeostasis in adults: Implication for human safety thresholds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116451. [PMID: 38759535 PMCID: PMC11170111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Bile acid homeostasis is critical to human health. Low-level exposure to antibiotics has been suggested to potentially disrupt bile acid homeostasis by affecting gut microbiota, but relevant data are still lacking in humans, especially for the level below human safety threshold. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 4247 Chinese adults by measuring 34 parent antibiotics and their metabolites from six common categories (i.e., tetracyclines, qinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, phenicols, and lincosamides) and ten representative bile acids in fasting morning urine using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Daily exposure dose of antibiotics was estimated from urinary concentrations of parent antibiotics and their metabolites. Urinary bile acids and their ratios were used to reflect bile acid homeostasis. The estimated daily exposure doses (EDED) of five antibiotic categories with a high detection frequency (i.e., tetracyclines, qinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, and phenicols) were significantly associated with urinary concentrations of bile acids and decreased bile acid ratios in all adults and the subset of 3898 adults with a cumulative ratio of antibiotic EDED to human safety threshold of less than one. Compared to a negative detection of antibiotics, the lowest EDED quartiles of five antibiotic categories and four individual antibiotics with a high detection frequency (i.e., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim, and florfenicol) in the adults with a positive detection of antibiotics had a decrease of bile acid ratio between 6.6% and 76.6%. Except for macrolides (1.2×102 ng/kg/day), the medians of the lowest EDED quartile of antibiotic categories and individual antibiotics ranged from 0.32 ng/kg/day to 10 ng/kg/day, which were well below human safety thresholds. These results suggested that low-level antibiotic exposure could disrupt bile acid homeostasis in adults and existing human safety thresholds may be inadequate in safeguarding against the potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Cong
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Na Wang
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325400, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Minhang District, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Genming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Helen Lambert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Min Huang
- The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Pingyang County, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325400, China.
| | - Hexing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education/School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marciano LPA, Costa LF, Cardoso NS, Freire J, Feltrim F, Oliveira GS, Paula FBA, Silvério ACP, Martins I. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of human exposure to triazole fungicides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105565. [PMID: 38185363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment and biomarkers were evaluated in volunteers exposed to triazole fungicides in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into two groups: occupationally and environmentally exposed to pesticides (n = 140) and those unexposed (n = 50) from urban areas. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS for triazoles, and samples from men and women in the exposed group were quantified. Groups were further stratified by sex to evaluate the biomarkers results. Oxidative stress was indicated by biomarker analysis for occupationally exposed men with elevated malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (p < 0.0001). Bile acid levels were also elevated in the exposed group (p < 0.0001). Biomarkers in this study suggest recent, reversible changes due to pesticide exposure. Liver enzyme levels showed no significant differences. The highest Estimated Daily Intake for epoxiconazole ranged from 0.534 to 6.31 μg/kg-bw/day for men and 0.657-8.77 μg/kg-bw/day for women in the exposed group. Considering the highest detected urinary triazole value, the calculated Hazard Quotient for epoxiconazole was 0.789 for men and 1.1 for women. Results indicate a health risk associated with environmental triazole exposure, highlighting the importance of biomonitoring in risk assessment to prevent intoxication and assist in mitigating adverse health effects from chronic pesticide exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz P A Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F Costa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Freire
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Feltrim
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Geovana S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin T, Liu K, Shen Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Long T, Li J, Cheng L. Alteration of serum bile acids in non-small cell lung cancer identified by a validated LC-MS/MS method. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17285-17296. [PMID: 37815661 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BA) are important metabolites and serve as signaling molecules, which are involve in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. METHODS A validated LC-MS/MS approach was applied in a case-control study with 220 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 244 matched healthy controls. The concentrations of seven common types of BAs in serum were determined and compared. Subgroup analyses based on demographic factor, lifestyle, pathologic types and tumor stage were conducted. Machine learning analysis was performed for NSCLC classification. RESULTS Serum levels of primary BAs, including cholic acid (CA), taurocholic acid (TCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA), were upregulated, while lithocholic acid (LCA), a type of secondary BA, was downregulated in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls in overall analysis. Higher level of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and lower level of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were observed in female, elder, overweight patients, as well as patients without alcohol use in comparison with controls. CDCA and CA levels were higher only in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and UDCA and DCA levels were lower only in squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), while the concentrations of TCA, GCA, and LCA were altered prevalently in LUAD and LUSC patients. For discrimination of NSCLC from healthy people, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of the models through support vector machine (SVM) approach was 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.94) in the training set and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.91) in the validation set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum BAs were altered in NSCLC patients compared with controls, among which primary BAs were elevated and secondary BAs were decreased. Moreover, distinct patterns of BA alterations were revealed between LUAD patients and LUSC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos-Garcia V, Ten-Doménech I, Vento M, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y, Nobili A, Falcone M, Di Stefano M, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. Fast profiling of primary, secondary, conjugated, and sulfated bile acids in human urine and murine feces samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4961-4971. [PMID: 37338567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a complex class of metabolites that have been described as specific biomarkers of gut microbiota activity. The development of analytical methods allowing the quantification of an ample spectrum of BAs in different biological matrices is needed to enable a wider implementation of BAs as complementary measures in studies investigating the functional role of the gut microbiota. This work presents results from the validation of a targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 28 BAs and six sulfated BAs, covering primary, secondary, and conjugated BAs. The analysis of 73 urine and 20 feces samples was used to test the applicability of the method. Concentrations of BAs in human urine and murine feces were reported, ranging from 0.5 to 50 nmol/g creatinine and from 0.012 to 332 nmol/g, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of BAs present in human urine samples corresponded to secondary conjugated BAs, while 69% of BAs present in murine feces corresponded to primary conjugated BAs. Glycocholic acid sulfate (GCA-S) was the most abundant BA in human urine samples, while taurolithocholic acid was the lowest concentrated compound detected. In murine feces, the most abundant BAs were α-murocholic, deoxycholic, dehydrocholic, and β-murocholic acids, while GCA-S was the lowest concentrated BA. The presented method is a non-invasive approach for the simultaneous assessment of BAs and sulfated BAs in urine and feces samples, and the results will serve as a knowledge base for future translational studies focusing on the role of the microbiota in health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ramos-Garcia
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Doménech
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Stefano
- Maternal and Child Health Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Carrer de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ehtezazi T, Rahman K, Davies R, Leach AG. The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:173-211. [PMID: 36994114 PMCID: PMC10041467 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids (deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) when compared to control subjects. The elevated serum bile acids may be the result of hepatic peroxisomal dysfunction. Circulating hydrophobic bile acids are able to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote the formation of amyloid-β plaques through enhancing the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic bile acid may find their ways into the neurons via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It has been shown that hydrophobic bile acids impose their pathological effects by activating farnesoid X receptor and suppressing bile acid synthesis in the brain, blocking NMDA receptors, lowering brain oxysterol levels, and interfering with 17β-estradiol actions such as LCA by binding to E2 receptors (molecular modelling data exclusive to this paper). Hydrophobic bile acids may interfere with the sonic hedgehog signaling through alteration of cell membrane rafts and reducing brain 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. This article will 1) analyze the pathological roles of circulating hydrophobic bile acids in the brain, 2) propose therapeutic approaches, and 3) conclude that consideration be given to reducing/monitoring toxic bile acid levels in patients with AD or aMCI, prior/in combination with other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- The Walton Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumondai M, Maekawa M, Hishinuma E, Sato Y, Sato T, Kikuchi M, Hiratsuka M, Mano N. Development of a Simultaneous Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analytical Method for Urinary Endogenous Substrates and Metabolites for Predicting Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:455-463. [PMID: 36858575 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
CYP3A4, which contributes to the metabolism of more than 30% of clinically used drugs, exhibits high variation in its activity; therefore, predicting CYP3A4 activity before drug treatment is vital for determining the optimal dosage for each patient. We aimed to develop and validate an LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that simultaneously measures the levels of CYP3A4 activity-related predictive biomarkers (6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHC), cortisol (C), 1β-hydroxydeoxycholic acid (1β-OHDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA)). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a YMC-Triart C18 column and a gradient flow of the mobile phase comprising deionized water/25% ammonia solution (100 : 0.1, v/v) and methanol/acetonitrile/25% ammonia solution (50 : 50 : 0.1, v/v/v). Selective reaction monitoring in the negative-ion mode was used for MS/MS, and run times of 33 min were used. All analytes showed high linearity in the range of 3-3000 ng/mL. Additionally, their concentrations in urine samples derived from volunteers were analyzed via treatment with deconjugation enzymes, ignoring inter-individual differences in the variation of other enzymatic activities. Our method satisfied the analytical validation criteria under clinical conditions. Moreover, the concentrations of each analyte were quantified within the range of calibration curves for all urine samples. The conjugated forms of each analyte were hydrolyzed to accurately examine CYP3A4 activity. Non-invasive urine sampling employed herein is an effective alternative to invasive plasma sampling. The analytically validated simultaneous quantification method developed in this study can be used to predict CYP3A4 activity in precision medicine and investigate the potential clinical applications of CYP3A4 biomarkers (6β-OHC/C and 1β-OHDCA/DCA ratios).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caldwell A, Grundy L, Harrington AM, Garcia-Caraballo S, Castro J, Bunnett NW, Brierley SM. TGR5 agonists induce peripheral and central hypersensitivity to bladder distension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9920. [PMID: 35705684 PMCID: PMC9200837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying chronic bladder conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) are incompletely understood. However, targeting specific receptors mediating neuronal sensitivity to specific stimuli is an emerging treatment strategy. Recently, irritant-sensing receptors including the bile acid receptor TGR5, have been identified within the viscera and are thought to play a key role in neuronal hypersensitivity. Here, in mice, we identify mRNA expression of TGR5 (Gpbar1) in all layers of the bladder as well as in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in isolated bladder-innervating DRG neurons. In bladder-innervating DRG neurons Gpbar1 mRNA was 100% co-expressed with Trpv1 and 30% co-expressed with Trpa1. In vitro live-cell calcium imaging of bladder-innervating DRG neurons showed direct activation of a sub-population of bladder-innervating DRG neurons with the synthetic TGR5 agonist CCDC, which was diminished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- DRG neurons. CCDC also activated a small percentage of non-neuronal cells. Using an ex vivo mouse bladder afferent recording preparation we show intravesical application of endogenous (5α-pregnan-3β-ol-20-one sulphate, Pg5α) and synthetic (CCDC) TGR5 agonists enhanced afferent mechanosensitivity to bladder distension. Correspondingly, in vivo intravesical administration of CCDC increased the number of spinal dorsal horn neurons that were activated by bladder distension. The enhanced mechanosensitivity induced by CCDC ex vivo and in vivo was absent using Gpbar1-/- mice. Together, these results indicate a role for the TGR5 receptor in mediating bladder afferent hypersensitivity to distension and thus may be important to the symptoms associated with IC/BPS and OAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Caldwell
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Level 7, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrea M Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Level 7, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Level 7, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Urinary BA Indices as Prognostic Biomarkers for Complications Associated with Liver Diseases. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:5473752. [PMID: 35402050 PMCID: PMC8986411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5473752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary diseases and their complications cause the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood, and other tissues, which may exacerbate the underlying condition and lead to unfavorable prognosis. To develop and validate prognostic biomarkers for the prediction of complications of cholestatic liver disease based on urinary BA indices, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze urine samples from 257 patients with cholestatic liver diseases during a 7-year follow-up period. The urinary BA profile and non-BA parameters were monitored, and logistic regression models were used to predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary disease-related complications. Urinary BA indices were applied to quantify the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, and toxicity of the BA profile. We have developed and validated the bile-acid liver disease complication (BALDC) model based on BA indices using logistic regression model, to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver disease complications including ascites. The mixed BA and non-BA model was the most accurate and provided higher area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and smaller akaike information criterion (AIC) values compared to both non-BA and MELD (models for end stage liver disease) models. Therefore, the mixed BA and non-BA model could be used to predict the development of ascites in patients diagnosed with liver disease at early stages of intervention. This will help physicians to make a better decision when treating hepatobiliary disease-related ascites.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen Y, Liu K, Luo X, Guan Q, Cheng L. A simple and reliable bile acid assay in human serum by LC-MS/MS. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24279. [PMID: 35137454 PMCID: PMC8906021 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bile acids, as important signaling molecules and regulatory factors acting on glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, are always involved in liver, biliary, and intestinal diseases. Development and validation of a simple liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for determination of bile acids is significant for the routine clinical testing. Methods Fifty microlitre of serum was mixed with 10 μl of the internal standard working solution and then 140 μl of methanol for protein precipitation. After centrifuged, the supernatant was directly used for LC‐MS/MS analysis. Results Good separation of all bile acid species was achieved. The method was validated with consistent linearity for individual bile acids, good recovery, low carryover, satisfactory sample stability, and analytical specificity against hemolysis, lipemia, and bilirubinemia. The intra‐day and the inter‐day imprecision values were in the range of 1.53%–10.63% and 3.01%–13.98%, respectively. No obvious matrix effect was observed. The reference intervals of bile acids in adults have been established for the clinical testing. Conclusions The low sample volume, simple sample preparation, good separation of all species, and satisfying validation results make this LC‐MS/MS approach suitable for usage as a high‐throughput assay in routine clinical laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frazier R, Cai X, Lee J, Bundy JD, Jovanovich A, Chen J, Deo R, Lash JP, Anderson AH, Go AS, Feldman HI, Shafi T, Rhee EP, Miyazaki M, Chonchol M, Isakova T. Deoxycholic Acid and Risks of Cardiovascular Events, ESKD, and Mortality in CKD: The CRIC Study. Kidney Med 2022; 4:100387. [PMID: 35072049 PMCID: PMC8767130 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) are associated with adverse outcomes and may contribute to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of DCA were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, CKD progression, and death in patients with CKD. Study Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting & Participants We included 3,147 Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants who had fasting DCA levels. The average age was 59 ± 11 years, 45.3% were women, 40.6% were African American, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 42.5 ± 16.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Predictor Fasting DCA levels in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants. Outcomes Risks of atherosclerotic and heart failure events, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and all-cause mortality. Analytical Approach We used Tobit regression to identify predictors of DCA levels. We used Cox regression to examine the association between fasting DCA levels and clinical outcomes. Results The strongest predictors of elevated DCA levels in adjusted models were increased age and nonuse of statins. The associations between log-transformed DCA levels and clinical outcomes were nonlinear. After adjustment, DCA levels above the median were independently associated with higher risks of ESKD (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.51-4.74) and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.25-3.64). DCA levels above the median were not associated with atherosclerotic and heart failure events, and DCA levels below the median were not associated with clinical outcomes. Limitations We were unable to measure DCA longitudinally or in urinary or fecal samples, and we were unable to measure other bile acids. We also could not measure many factors that affect DCA levels. Conclusions In 3,147 participants with CKD stages 2-4, DCA levels above the median were independently associated with ESKD and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
|
12
|
Habler K, Koeppl B, Bracher F, Vogeser M. Targeted profiling of 24 sulfated and non-sulfated bile acids in urine using two-dimensional isotope dilution UHPLC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:220-228. [PMID: 34798689 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bile acids serve as biomarkers for liver function and are indicators for cholestatic and hepatobiliary diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Sulfation and renal excretion of bile acids are important elimination steps. The power of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) allows specific profiling of primary and secondary bile acids as well as their sulfated counterparts. METHODS Twenty-four sulfated and non-sulfated primary and secondary bile acids were quantified in urine with 15 corresponding stable isotope labeled internal standards by using two-dimensional UHPLC-MS/MS. The sample preparation was based on a simple dilution with a methanolic zinc sulfate solution followed by an automated online solid phase extraction clean up. RESULTS The validation results of the method fulfilled the criteria of the European Medicine Agency (EMA) "Guideline on bioanalytical method validation". To verify fitness for purpose, 40 urine samples were analyzed which showed an average of 86% sulfation, 9.1% taurine-conjugation, 14% non-conjugation, and 77% glycine-conjugation rates. CONCLUSIONS Lossless one-pot sample preparation, automated sample purification, and high number of internal standards are major innovations of the presented profiling method, which may allow diagnostic application of BA profiling in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Habler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Koeppl
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng Q, Shen L, Zhao D, Zhang H, Liang Y, Zhu Y, Khan NU, Liu X, Zhang J, Lin J, Tang X. Metabolic characteristics of plasma bile acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy-mass spectrometric study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:93. [PMID: 34595616 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is one of the more common complications in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, which requires early detection and intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate the changes in the metabolic profile of bile acids (BAs) in plasma of pregnant women with ICP and to look biomarkers for the diagnosis and grading of ICP, and to explore the disease mechanism. METHODS The targeted metabolomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze plasma BAs. RESULTS Twenty-seven BAs can be quantified in all participants. Among them, 22 BAs were identified as differential BAs between ICP and control groups. Five BAs include 3β-CA, 3β-DCA, CDCA-3Gln, NCA, and Tβ-MCA, were found to be associated with ICP for the first time. Nine BAs include NCA, GCA, GCDCA, GHCA, GUDCA, HCA, TCA, TCDCA and THCA, can be used as possible ICP diagnostic biomarkers. Four BAs, i.e., GLCA, THCA, GHCA and TLCA-3S may be used as potential biomarkers for ICP grading. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in plasma BA profiles between ICP patients and the control. The BA profiles of mild ICP group and severe ICP group partially overlapped. Potential diagnostic and grading BA markers were identified. A significant characteristic of ICP group was the increase of conjugated BAs. A mechanism to sustain the equilibrium of BA metabolism and adaptive response has been developed in ICP patients to accelerate excretion and detoxification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rizki-Safitri A, Tokito F, Nishikawa M, Tanaka M, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Sakai Y. Prospect of in vitro Bile Fluids Collection in Improving Cell-Based Assay of Liver Function. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:657432. [PMID: 35295147 PMCID: PMC8915818 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.657432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in the clearance of drugs. Reliable assays for liver function are crucial for various metabolism investigation, including toxicity, disease, and pre-clinical testing for drug development. Bile is an aqueous secretion of a functioning liver. Analyses of bile are used to explain drug clearance and related effects and are thus important for toxicology and pharmacokinetic research. Bile fluids collection is extensively performed in vivo, whereas this process is rarely reproduced as in the in vitro studies. The key to success is the technology involved, which needs to satisfy multiple criteria. To ensure the accuracy of subsequent chemical analyses, certain amounts of bile are needed. Additionally, non-invasive and continuous collections are preferable in view of cell culture. In this review, we summarize recent progress and limitations in the field. We highlight attempts to develop advanced liver cultures for bile fluids collection, including methods to stimulate the secretion of bile in vitro. With these strategies, researchers have used a variety of cell sources, extracellular matrix proteins, and growth factors to investigate different cell-culture environments, including three-dimensional spheroids, cocultures, and microfluidic devices. Effective combinations of expertise and technology have the potential to overcome these obstacles to achieve reliable in vitro bile assay systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astia Rizki-Safitri
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (IQB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alamoudi JA, Li W, Gautam N, Olivera M, Meza J, Mukherjee S, Alnouti Y. Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases II: The bile acid score survival prognostic model. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:543-556. [PMID: 34131469 PMCID: PMC8173345 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i5.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by an accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood and other tissues which lead to progressive liver injury and poor prognosis in patients.
AIM To discover and validate prognostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.
METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated the use of the urinary BA profile to develop survival models that can predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases. The urinary BA profile, a set of non-BA parameters, and the adverse events of liver transplant and/or death were monitored in 257 patients with cholestatic liver diseases for up to 7 years. The BA profile was characterized by calculating BA indices, which quantify the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, formation of secondary BA, and toxicity of the BA profile. We have developed and validated the bile-acid score (BAS) model (a survival model based on BA indices) to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.
RESULTS We have developed and validated a survival model based on BA (the BAS model) indices to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases. Our results demonstrate that the BAS model is more accurate and results in higher true-positive and true-negative prediction of death compared to both non-BAS and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) models. Both 5- and 3-year survival probabilities markedly decreased as a function of BAS. Moreover, patients with high BAS had a 4-fold higher rate of death and lived for an average of 11 mo shorter than subjects with low BAS. The increased risk of death with high vs low BAS was also 2-4-fold higher and the shortening of lifespan was 6-7-mo lower compared to MELD or non-BAS. Similarly, we have shown the use of BAS to predict the survival of patients with and without liver transplant (LT). Therefore, BAS could be used to define the most seriously ill patients, who need earlier intervention such as LT. This will help provide guidance for timely care for liver patients.
CONCLUSION The BAS model is more accurate than MELD and non-BAS models in predicting the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| | - Marco Olivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, United States
| | - Sandeep Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He L, Vatsalya V, Ma X, Zhang J, Yin X, Kim S, Feng W, McClain CJ, Zhang X. Metabolic Profiling of Bile Acids in the Urine of Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:798-811. [PMID: 34027270 PMCID: PMC8122376 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play important functions in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In the current study, urine BA concentrations in 38 patients with well-described alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) as characterized by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), 8 patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD), and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-three BAs were identified, and 22 BAs had significant changes in their abundance levels in patients with AH. The potential associations of clinical data were compared to candidate BAs in this pilot proof-of-concept study. MELD score showed positive correlations with several conjugated BAs and negative correlations with certain unconjugated BAs; taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and MELD score showed the highest association. Cholic acid, CDCA, and apocholic acid had nonsignificant abundance changes in patients with nonsevere ALD compared to HCs but were significantly increased in those with severe AH. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the differences in these three compounds were sufficiently large to distinguish severe AH from nonsevere ALD. Notably, the abundance levels of primary BAs were significantly increased while most of the secondary BAs were markedly decreased in AH compared to AUD. Most importantly, the amount of total BAs and the ratio of primary to secondary BAs increased while the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated BAs decreased as disease severity increased. Conclusion: Abundance changes of specific BAs are closely correlated with the severity of AH in this pilot study. Urine BAs (individually or as a group) could be potential noninvasive laboratory biomarkers for detecting early stage ALD and may have prognostic value in AH morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing He
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Xipeng Ma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- School of DentistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of OncologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Robley Rex Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA.,Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Alcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Hepatobiology and Toxicology ProgramUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical MetabolomicsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA.,Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alamoudi JA, Li W, Gautam N, Olivera M, Meza J, Mukherjee S, Alnouti Y. Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I: Diagnostic markers. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:433-455. [PMID: 33959226 PMCID: PMC8080550 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary diseases result in the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood, and other tissues which may contribute to an unfavorable prognosis.
AIM To discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.
METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared the urinary BA profile between 300 patients with hepatobiliary diseases vs 103 healthy controls by statistical analysis. The BA profile was characterized using BA indices, which quantifies the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, and toxicity of the BA profile. BA indices have much lower inter- and intra-individual variability compared to absolute concentrations of BA. In addition, BA indices demonstrate high area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of having a liver disease, which demonstrates their use as diagnostic biomarkers for cholestatic liver diseases.
RESULTS Total and individual BA concentrations were higher in all patients. The percentage of secondary BA (lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid) was significantly lower, while the percentage of primary BA (chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and hyocholic acid) was markedly higher in patients compared to controls. In addition, the percentage of taurine-amidation was higher in patients than controls. The increase in the non-12α-OH BA was more profound than 12α-OH BA (cholic acid and deoxycholic acid) causing a decrease in the 12α-OH/ non-12α-OH ratio in patients. This trend was stronger in patients with more advanced liver diseases as reflected by the model for end-stage liver disease score and the presence of hepatic decompensation. The percentage of sulfation was also higher in patients with more severe forms of liver diseases.
CONCLUSION BA indices have much lower inter- and intra-individual variability compared to absolute BA concentrations and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of developing liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Marco Olivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Sandeep Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nicolas NJ, Duffy MA, Hansen A, Aizenberg J. Inverse Opal Films for Medical Sensing: Application in Diagnosis of Neonatal Jaundice. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001326. [PMID: 33191607 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A non-invasive, at-home test for neonatal jaundice can facilitate early jaundice detection in infants, improving clinical outcomes for neonates with severe jaundice and helping to prevent the development of kernicterus, a type of brain damage whose symptoms include hearing loss, impairment of cognitive capacity, and death. Here a photonic sensor that utilizes color changes induced by analyte infiltration into a chemically functionalized inverse opal structure is developed. The sensor is calibrated to detect differences in urinary surface tension due to increased bile salt concentration in urine, which is symptomatic of abnormal liver function and linked to jaundice. The correlation between neonatal urinary surface tension and excess serum bilirubin, the physiologic cause of neonatal jaundice, is explored. It is shown that these non-invasive sensors can improve the preliminary diagnosis of neonatal jaundice, reducing the number of invasive blood tests and hospital visits necessary for healthy infants while ensuring that jaundiced infants are treated in a timely manner. The use of inverse opal sensors to measure bulk property changes in bodily fluids can be extended to the detection of several other conditions, making this technology a versatile platform for convenient point-of-care diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Hansen
- Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck St Boston MA 02115 USA
- Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Distinct Postprandial Bile Acids Responses to a High-Calorie Diet in Men Volunteers Underscore Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Phenotypes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113545. [PMID: 33228154 PMCID: PMC7699492 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) regulate dietary lipid hydrolysis and absorption in the proximal intestine. Several studies have highlighted a determinant role of circulating levels and/or metabolism of BAs in the pathogenesis of major cardiometabolic diseases. Whether changes in BA profiles are causative or are consequence of these diseases remains to be determined. Healthy male volunteers (n = 71) underwent a postprandial exploration following consumption of a hypercaloric high fat typical Western meal providing 1200 kcal. We investigated variations of circulating levels of 28 BA species, together with BA synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) over an approximately diurnal 12 h period. Analysis of BA variations during the postprandial time course revealed two major phenotypes with opposite fluctuations, i.e., circulating levels of each individual species of unconjugated BAs were reduced after meal consumption whereas those of tauro- and glyco-conjugated BAs were increased. By an unbiased classification strategy based on absolute postprandial changes in BA species levels, we classified subjects into three distinct clusters; the two extreme clusters being characterized by the smallest absolute changes in either unconjugated-BAs or conjugated-BAs. Finally, we demonstrated that our clustering based on postprandial changes in BA profiles was associated with specific clinical and biochemical features, including postprandial triglyceride levels, BMI or waist circumference. Altogether, our study reveals that postprandial profiles/patterns of BAs in response to a hypercaloric high fat challenge is associated with healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes that may help in the early identification of subjects at risk of developing metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li YS, Li QJ, Gao XF. A novel immobilization fluorescence capillary analysis method and its applications. Analyst 2020; 145:1980-1996. [PMID: 31984395 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01821b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence capillary analysis (FCA) realizes trace-level analysis of micro-volume samples; it is easy to operate, extremely low in analytical cost and can significantly lessen environmental pollution from analytical chemistry waste. FCA has the characteristics of green analytical chemistry and has been applied in clinical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, food safety and other fields. FCA basically involves a micro-volume glass capillary, a capillary holder and an ordinary fluorescence detector. The capillary is not only a container for chemical reaction and detection but also functions as a carrier to immobilize enzymes, gene probes or reagents; it can be used repeatedly or can be disposable. In analysis, the capillary which is modified with functional reagents sucks in a measured liquid for the reaction and is then inserted into the holder within the fluorescent detector for measurement. The immobilized FCA method has been successfully used in the determination of reduced coenzyme I, ethanol in liqueur, lactic acid in dairy products, pyruvic acid and glucose in serum, trace-level sulfated bile acid in urine, the ratio of pyruvic/lactic acid in serum, and pyruvic acid in cells as well as in DNA end-labeling and dyeing methods. Further, FCA can also be extended to capillary arrays to complete multipurpose simultaneous determinations and can be combined with mobile phones as fluorescence detectors for use in mobile health analytical technology. FCA will produce considerable social benefits in medicine, pharmacy, fermentation of food, environmental protection and other fields. Therefore, the relevant contents are presented in this tutorial review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 6100651, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baier V, Cordes H, Thiel C, Castell JV, Neumann UP, Blank LM, Kuepfer L. A Physiology-Based Model of Human Bile Acid Metabolism for Predicting Bile Acid Tissue Levels After Drug Administration in Healthy Subjects and BRIC Type 2 Patients. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31611804 PMCID: PMC6777137 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a matter of concern in the course of drug development and patient safety, often leading to discontinuation of drug-development programs or early withdrawal of drugs from market. Hepatocellular toxicity or impairment of bile acid (BA) metabolism, known as cholestasis, are the two clinical forms of DILI. Whole-body physiology-based modelling allows a mechanistic investigation of the physiological processes leading to cholestasis in man. Objectives of the present study were: (1) the development of a physiology-based model of the human BA metabolism, (2) population-based model validation and characterisation, and (3) the prediction and quantification of altered BA levels in special genotype subgroups and after drug administration. The developed physiology-based bile acid (PBBA) model describes the systemic BA circulation in humans and includes mechanistically relevant active and passive processes such as the hepatic synthesis, gallbladder emptying, transition through the gastrointestinal tract, reabsorption into the liver, distribution within the whole body, and excretion via urine and faeces. The kinetics of active processes were determined for the exemplary BA glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) based on blood plasma concentration-time profiles. The robustness of our PBBA model was verified with population simulations of healthy individuals. In addition to plasma levels, the possibility to estimate BA concentrations in relevant tissues like the intracellular space of the liver enhance the mechanistic understanding of cholestasis. We analysed BA levels in various tissues of Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2) patients and our simulations suggest a higher susceptibility of BRIC2 patients toward cholestatic DILI due to BA accumulation in the liver. The effect of drugs on systemic BA levels were simulated for cyclosporine A (CsA). Our results confirmed the higher risk of DILI after CsA administration in healthy and BRIC2 patients. The presented PBBA model enhances our mechanistic understanding underlying cholestasis and drug-induced alterations of BA levels in blood and organs. The developed PBBA model might be applied in the future to anticipate potential risk of cholestasis in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrik Cordes
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - José V Castell
- Unit of Experimental Hepatology, IIS Hospital La Fe, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBEREHD, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kenna JG, Taskar KS, Battista C, Bourdet DL, Brouwer KLR, Brouwer KR, Dai D, Funk C, Hafey MJ, Lai Y, Maher J, Pak YA, Pedersen JM, Polli JW, Rodrigues AD, Watkins PB, Yang K, Yucha RW. Can Bile Salt Export Pump Inhibition Testing in Drug Discovery and Development Reduce Liver Injury Risk? An International Transporter Consortium Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 104:916-932. [PMID: 30137645 PMCID: PMC6220754 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition has emerged as an important mechanism that may contribute to the initiation of human drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). Proactive evaluation and understanding of BSEP inhibition is recommended in drug discovery and development to aid internal decision making on DILI risk. BSEP inhibition can be quantified using in vitro assays. When interpreting assay data, it is important to consider in vivo drug exposure. Currently, this can be undertaken most effectively by consideration of total plasma steady state drug concentrations (Css,plasma). However, because total drug concentrations are not predictive of pharmacological effect, the relationship between total exposure and BSEP inhibition is not causal. Various follow‐up studies can aid interpretation of in vitro BSEP inhibition data and may be undertaken on a case‐by‐case basis. BSEP inhibition is one of several mechanisms by which drugs may cause DILI, therefore, it should be considered alongside other mechanisms when evaluating possible DILI risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal S Taskar
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Christina Battista
- DILIsym Services Inc., a Simulations Plus Company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Bourdet
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - David Dai
- Clinical Pharmacology, Research and Development Sciences, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Hafey
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Y Anne Pak
- Lilly Research Laboratory, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jenny M Pedersen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joseph W Polli
- Mechanistic Safety and Drug Disposition, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Paul B Watkins
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyunghee Yang
- DILIsym Services Inc., a Simulations Plus Company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert W Yucha
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brock WJ, Beaudoin JJ, Slizgi JR, Su M, Jia W, Roth SE, Brouwer KLR. Bile Acids as Potential Biomarkers to Assess Liver Impairment in Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:144-154. [PMID: 29587557 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818760746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the progressive development of kidney cysts and declining renal function with frequent development of cysts in other organs including the liver. The polycystic kidney (PCK) rat is a rodent model of polycystic liver disease that has been used to study hepatorenal disease progression and evaluate pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Biomarkers that describe the cyst progression, liver impairment, and/or hepatic cyst burden could provide clinical utility for this disease. In the present study, hepatic cyst volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging in PCK rats at 12, 16, and 20 weeks. After 20 weeks, Sprague Dawley (n = 4) and PCK (n = 4) rats were sacrificed and 42 bile acids were analyzed in the liver, bile, serum, and urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Bile acid profiling revealed significant increases in total bile acids (molar sum of all measured bile acids) in the liver (13-fold), serum (6-fold), and urine (3-fold) in PCK rats, including those speciated bile acids usually associated with hepatotoxicity. Total serum bile acids correlated with markers of liver impairment (liver weight, total liver bile acids, total hepatotoxic liver bile acids, and cyst volume [ r > 0.75; P < 0.05]). Based on these data, serum bile acids may be useful biomarkers of liver impairment in polycystic hepatorenal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Brock
- 1 Brock Scientific Consulting, LLC, Montgomery Village, MD, USA
| | - James J Beaudoin
- 2 Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Slizgi
- 2 Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mingming Su
- 3 Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- 3 Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kim L R Brouwer
- 2 Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang T, Khan GJ, Wu Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Bile acid homeostasis paradigm and its connotation with cholestatic liver diseases. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:112-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Müller F, Sharma A, König J, Fromm MF. Biomarkers for In Vivo Assessment of Transporter Function. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:246-277. [PMID: 29487084 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions are a major concern not only during clinical practice, but also in drug development. Due to limitations of in vitro-in vivo predictions of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, multiple clinical Phase I drug-drug interaction studies may become necessary for a new molecular entity to assess potential drug interaction liabilities. This is a resource-intensive process and exposes study participants, who frequently are healthy volunteers without benefit from study treatment, to the potential risks of a new drug in development. Therefore, there is currently a major interest in new approaches for better prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. In particular, researchers in the field attempt to identify endogenous compounds as biomarkers for transporter function, such as hexadecanedioate, tetradecanedioate, coproporphyrins I and III, or glycochenodeoxycholate sulfate for hepatic uptake via organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B or N1-methylnicotinamide for multidrug and toxin extrusion protein-mediated renal secretion. We summarize in this review the currently proposed biomarkers and potential limitations of the substances identified to date. Moreover, we suggest criteria based on current experiences, which may be used to assess the suitability of a biomarker for transporter function. Finally, further alternatives and supplemental approaches to classic drug-drug interaction studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Müller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Definitive profiling of plasma bile acids as potential biomarkers for human liver diseases using UPLC–HRMS. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:917-932. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Investigation of bile acids (BAs) as biomarkers for liver and kidney diseases has gained momentum recently to fulfill the needs in drug development and clinical practice, but a thorough and rapid profiling of BAs in human plasma has been hindered by the large interindividual variability and lack of selective methods. Results: A selective and efficient UPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated for the definitive profiling of 26 BAs in human plasma with a curve rage of 1–1000 ng/ml and a runtime of 7.2 min. Conclusion: Four BA combinations with good sensitivity and specificity show potential biomarker applications for liver injury and diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids II. Bile acid metabolism. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1336-1352. [PMID: 29845631 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) involves alterations in bile acid (BA) homeostasis and elimination, which encompass several metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, amidation, sulfation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation. Species differences in BA metabolism may play a major role in the failure of currently used in vitro and in vivo models to predict reliably the DILI during the early stages of drug discovery and development. We developed an in vitro cofactor-fortified liver S9 fraction model to compare the metabolic profiles of the four major BAs (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid) between humans and several animal species. High- and low-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BAs and their metabolites. Major species differences were found in the metabolism of BAs. Sulfation into 3-O-sulfates was a major pathway in human and chimpanzee (4.8%-52%) and it was a minor pathway in all other species (0.02%-14%). Amidation was primarily with glycine (62%-95%) in minipig and rabbit and it was primarily with taurine (43%-81%) in human, chimpanzee, dog, hamster, rat and mice. Hydroxylation was highest (13%-80%) in rat and mice followed by hamster, while it was lowest (1.6%-22%) in human, chimpanzee and minipig. C6-β hydroxylation was predominant (65%-95%) in rat and mice, while it was at C6-α position in minipig (36%-97%). Glucuronidation was highest in dog (10%-56%), while it was a minor pathway in all other species (<12%). The relative contribution of the various pathways involved in BA metabolism in vitro were in agreement with the observed plasma and urinary BA profiles in vivo and were able to predict and quantify the species differences in BA metabolism. In general, overall, BA metabolism in chimpanzee is most similar to human, while BA metabolism in rats and mice is most dissimilar from human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids I. Plasma and urine bile acid composition. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1323-1335. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - A. David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc.; Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo L, Aubrecht J, Li D, Warner RL, Johnson KJ, Kenny J, Colangelo JL. Assessment of serum bile acid profiles as biomarkers of liver injury and liver disease in humans. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513725 PMCID: PMC5841799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the potential of individual bile acids (IBA) and their profiles as mechanistic biomarkers of liver injury for humans in real world situations, we interrogated samples collected under minimum controlled conditions (ie subjects were not fasted). Total bile acids (TBA) have been considered to be biomarkers of liver injury for decades, and more recently, monitoring of IBA has been proposed for differentiation of variety of etiologies of liver injury. We established a LC-MS/MS methodology to analyze nine IBA, generated reference ranges, and examined effects of age, gender, and ethnicity for each IBA. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of IBA and their profiles to detect hepatic injury in subjects with a broad range of liver impairments. To date, our study utilized the largest total cohort of samples (N = 645) that were divided into 2 groups, healthy or liver impaired, to evaluate IBA as biomarkers. The TBA serum levels in the Asian ethnic group trended higher when compared to other ethnic groups, and the serum concentrations of IBA, such as glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and taurochenoxycholic acid (TCDCA) were significantly increased. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe ethnic differences in serum concentrations of IBAs. In patients with hepatic impairments, with the exception of deoxycholic acid (DCA), the concentrations of IBAs were significantly elevated when compared with healthy subjects. The conjugated bile acids displayed greater differences between healthy subjects and subjects with hepatic impairments than non-conjugated bile acids. Furthermore, the subjects with hepatic impairments exhibited distinct profiles (signatures) of IBAs that clustered subjects according the nature of their liver impairments. Although additional studies are needed, our data suggested that the analysis of IBA has the potential to become useful for differentiation of various forms of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Luo
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dingzhou Li
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Roscoe L. Warner
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kent J. Johnson
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julia Kenny
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Colangelo
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Targeted metabolomics of sulfated bile acids in urine for the diagnosis and grading of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Genes Dis 2018; 5:358-366. [PMID: 30591938 PMCID: PMC6304334 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is related to cholestatic disorder in pregnancy. Total urinary sulfated bile acids (SBAs) were found increased in ICP. We distinguished the metabolic profiling of urinary SBAs in ICP to find potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and grading of ICP. The targeted metabolomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze urinary SBAs profiling in mild and severe ICP cases, as well as healthy controls. 16 kinds of urinary SBAs were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Sulfated dihydroxy glycine bile acid (di-GBA-S), glycine cholic acid 3-sulfate (GCA-3S), sulfated dihydroxy taurine bile acid (di-TBA-S) and taurine cholic acid 3-sulfate (TCA-3S) increased significantly in ICP group compared with the control group. Seven kinds of SBAs were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the ICP group and the control group, with the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value more than one by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). GCA-3S was well-suited to be used as the biomarker for the diagnosis of ICP with the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.5%. A multi-variable logistic regression containing GCA-3S and di-GBA-S-1 was constructed to distinguish severe ICP from mild ICP, with the sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 100%. The developed HPLC-MS/MS method is suitable for the measurement of urinary SBAs profiling. Moreover, the urinary SBAs in the metabolomic profiling have the potential to be used as non-intrusive biomarkers for the diagnosis and grading of ICP.
Collapse
|
31
|
Shapiro H, Kolodziejczyk AA, Halstuch D, Elinav E. Bile acids in glucose metabolism in health and disease. J Exp Med 2018; 215:383-396. [PMID: 29339445 PMCID: PMC5789421 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived metabolites that facilitate the intestinal absorption and transport of dietary lipids. Recently, BAs also emerged as pivotal signaling molecules controlling glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism by binding to the nuclear hormone farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5) in multiple organs, leading to regulation of intestinal incretin secretion, hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, energy expenditure, inflammation, and gut microbiome configuration. Alterations in BA metabolism and signaling are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas treatment of T2DM patients with BA sequestrants, or bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients, results in a significant improvement in glycemic response that is associated with changes in the BA profile and signaling. Herein, we review the roles of BAs in glucose metabolism in health and disease; highlight the limitations, unknowns, and challenges in understanding the impact of BAs on the glycemic response; and discuss how this knowledge may be harnessed to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Halstuch
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sheng L, Jena PK, Hu Y, Liu HX, Nagar N, Kalanetra KM, French SW, French SW, Mills DA, Wan YJY. Hepatic inflammation caused by dysregulated bile acid synthesis is reversible by butyrate supplementation. J Pathol 2017; 243:431-441. [PMID: 28892150 DOI: 10.1002/path.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated bile acid (BA) synthesis or reduced farnesoid X receptor (FXR) levels are found in patients having metabolic diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis or cancer. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between butyrate and dysregulated BA synthesis-induced hepatitis as well as the effect of butyrate in reversing the liver pathology. Wild-type (WT) and FXR knockout (KO) male mice were placed on a control (CD) or western diet (WD) for 15 months. In the presence or absence of butyrate supplementation, feces obtained from 15-month-old WD-fed FXR KO mice, which had severe hepatitis and liver tumors, were transplanted to 7-month-old WD-fed FXR KO for 3 months. Hepatic phenotypes, microbiota profile, and BA composition were analyzed. Butyrate-generating bacteria and colonic butyrate concentration were reduced due to FXR inactivation and further reduced by WD intake. In addition, WD-fed FXR KO male mice had the highest concentration of hepatic β-muricholic acid (β-MCA) and bacteria-generated deoxycholic acid (DCA) accompanied by serious hepatitis. Moreover, dysregulated BA and reduced SCFA signaling co-existed in both human liver cancers and WD-fed FXR KO mice. Microbiota transplantation using butyrate-deficient feces derived from 15-month-old WD-fed FXR KO mice increased hepatic lymphocyte numbers as well as hepatic β-MCA and DCA concentrations. Furthermore, butyrate supplementation reduced hepatic β-MCA as well as DCA and eliminated hepatic lymphocyte infiltration. In conclusion, reduced butyrate contributes to the development of hepatitis in the FXR KO mouse model. In addition, butyrate reverses dysregulated BA synthesis and its associated hepatitis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nidhi Nagar
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel Wheeler French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fiamoncini J, Yiorkas AM, Gedrich K, Rundle M, Alsters SI, Roeselers G, van den Broek TJ, Clavel T, Lagkouvardos I, Wopereis S, Frost G, van Ommen B, Blakemore AI, Daniel H. Determinants of postprandial plasma bile acid kinetics in human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G300-G312. [PMID: 28663304 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00157.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are signaling molecules with a wide range of biological effects, also identified among the most responsive plasma metabolites in the postprandial state. We here describe this response to different dietary challenges and report on key determinants linked to its interindividual variability. Healthy men and women (n = 72, 62 ± 8 yr, mean ± SE) were enrolled into a 12-wk weight loss intervention. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a mixed-meal tolerance test before and after the intervention. BA were quantified in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with whole genome exome sequencing and fecal microbiota profiling. Considering the average response of all 72 subjects, no effect of the successful weight loss intervention was found on plasma BA profiles. Fasting and postprandial BA profiles revealed high interindividual variability, and three main patterns in postprandial BA response were identified using multivariate analysis. Although the women enrolled were postmenopausal, effects of sex difference in BA response were evident. Exome data revealed the contribution of preselected genes to the observed interindividual variability. In particular, a variant in the SLCO1A2 gene, encoding the small intestinal BA transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide-1A2 (OATP1A2), was associated with delayed postprandial BA increases. Fecal microbiota analysis did not reveal evidence for a significant influence of bacterial diversity and/or composition on plasma BA profiles. The analysis of plasma BA profiles in response to two different dietary challenges revealed a high interindividual variability, which was mainly determined by genetics and sex difference of host with minimal effects of the microbiota.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Considering the average response of all 72 subjects, no effect of the successful weight loss intervention was found on plasma bile acid (BA) profiles. Despite high interindividual variability, three main patterns in postprandial BA response were identified using multivariate analysis. A variant in the SLCO1A2 gene, encoding the small intestinal BA transporter organic anion-transporting polypeptide-1A2 (OATP1A2), was associated with delayed postprandial BA increases in response to both the oral glucose tolerance test and the mixed-meal tolerance test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany;
| | - Andrianos M Yiorkas
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanne I Alsters
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Guus Roeselers
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Group, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.,Danone-Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Group, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Core Facility Microbiome/Next Generation Sequencing, Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Group, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Microbiology & Systems Biology Group, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sheng L, Jena PK, Liu HX, Kalanetra KM, Gonzalez FJ, French SW, Krishnan VV, Mills DA, Wan YJY. Gender Differences in Bile Acids and Microbiota in Relationship with Gender Dissimilarity in Steatosis Induced by Diet and FXR Inactivation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1748. [PMID: 28496104 PMCID: PMC5431816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to uncover how specific bacteria and bile acids (BAs) contribute to steatosis induced by diet and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) deficiency in both genders. A control diet (CD) and Western diet (WD), which contains high fat and carbohydrate, were used to feed wild type (WT) and FXR knockout (KO) mice followed by phenotyping characterization as well as BA and microbiota profiling. Our data revealed that male WD-fed FXR KO mice had the most severe steatosis and highest hepatic and serum lipids as well as insulin resistance among the eight studied groups. Gender differences in WD-induced steatosis, insulin sensitivity, and predicted microbiota functions were all FXR-dependent. FXR deficiency enriched Desulfovibrionaceae, Deferribacteraceae, and Helicobacteraceae, which were accompanied by increased hepatic taurine-conjugated cholic acid and β-muricholic acid as well as hepatic and serum lipids. Additionally, distinct microbiota profiles were found in WD-fed WT mice harboring simple steatosis and CD-fed FXR KO mice, in which the steatosis had a potential to develop into liver cancer. Together, the presented data revealed FXR-dependent concomitant relationships between gut microbiota, BAs, and metabolic diseases in both genders. Gender differences in BAs and microbiota may account for gender dissimilarity in metabolism and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Viswanathan V Krishnan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Fresno State University, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee CS, Kimura A, Wu JF, Ni YH, Hsu HY, Chang MH, Nittono H, Chen HL. Prognostic roles of tetrahydroxy bile acids in infantile intrahepatic cholestasis. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:607-614. [PMID: 28073941 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy bile acids (THBAs) are hydrophilic and are present at minimal or undetectable levels in healthy human adults, but are present at high levels in bile salt export pump (abcb11)-knockout mice. The roles of THBAs in human cholestatic diseases are unclear. We aimed to investigate the presence of THBAs in patients with infantile intrahepatic cholestasis and its correlation with outcome. Urinary bile acids (BAs) were analyzed by GC-MS. Data were compared between good (n = 21) (disease-free before 1 year old) and poor prognosis groups (n = 19). Good prognosis patients had a higher urinary THBA proportion than poor prognosis patients [25.89% (3.45-76.73%) vs. 1.93% (0.05-48.90%)]. A urinary THBA proportion >7.23% predicted good prognosis with high sensitivity (95.24%), specificity (84.21%), and area under the curve (0.91) (P < 0.0001). A THBA proportion 7.23% was an independent factor for decreased transplant-free survival (hazard ratio = 7.16, confidence interval: 1.24-41.31, P = 0.028). Patients with a confirmed ABCB11 or tight junction protein 2 gene mutation (n = 7) had a minimally detectable THBA proportion (0.23-2.99% of total BAs). Three patients with an ATP8B1 mutation had an elevated THBA proportion (7.51-37.26%). In conclusion, in addition to disease entity as a major determinant of outcome, a high THBA level was associated with good outcome in the infantile intrahepatic cholestasis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Seng Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jia-Feng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwei Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan .,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Metabolism of bile acids in the post-prandial state. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:409-418. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of energy expenditure by dietary administration of cholic acid in mice promoted interest in studying bile acid(s) (BA) as adjuvants in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Bile acids can modulate intermediary metabolism by acting directly on nuclear as well as G-protein-coupled receptors or indirectly through changes in gut microbiota. Despite the potential of BA to affect intermediary metabolism, plasma kinetics and changes in individual BA in blood in the post-prandial state have been neglected for a long time. Minutes after ingestion of a meal (or a glucose challenge), the plasma BA concentration increases as a result of the secretion of bile into the duodenum, followed by intestinal absorption and a systemic circulation spillover. A large inter-individual variability of post-prandial kinetics of plasma BA is documented. Factors such as gender, diet composition, circadian oscillations, and individual capacities for the synthesis and transport of BA play important roles in determining this variability and are discussed in the present short review in light of new findings.
Collapse
|
37
|
Maekawa M, Omura K, Sekiguchi S, Iida T, Saigusa D, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Identification of Two Sulfated Cholesterol Metabolites Found in the Urine of a Patient with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C as Novel Candidate Diagnostic Markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:S0053. [PMID: 27900236 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the urine of a Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) patient, we have identified three characteristic intense peaks that have not been observed in the urine of a 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase deficiency patient or a healthy infant and adult. Based on accurate masses of the protonated molecules, we focused on two of them as candidate NPC diagnostic markers. Two synthesized authentic preparations agreed with the two compounds found in NPC patient urine in regard to both chromatographic behavior and accurate masses of the deprotonated molecules. Moreover, the isotopic patterns of the deprotonated molecules, twin peaks unique to the sulfur-containing compounds appearing in their second isotope positions, and accurate masses of product ions observed at m/z 97 also agreed between the target compounds and authentic preparations. We identified the two compounds as the sulfated cholesterol metabolites as 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid and 3β-sulfooxy-7-oxo-5-cholen-24-oic acid. These two compounds represent more promising candidate diagnostic markers for NPC diagnosis than three other candidates that are multiple conjugates of cholesterol metabolites, 3β-sulfooxy-7β-N-acetylglucosaminyl-5-cholen-24-oic acid and its glycine and taurine conjugates, although we have reported an analytical method for determining the urinary levels of these compounds using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, because of their lack of N-acetylglucosamine conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaoru Omura
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | - Takashi Iida
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital; Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | | | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Edwards JE, LaCerte C, Peyret T, Gosselin NH, Marier JF, Hofmann AF, Shapiro D. Modeling and Experimental Studies of Obeticholic Acid Exposure and the Impact of Cirrhosis Stage. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:328-336. [PMID: 27743502 PMCID: PMC5351006 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA), a semisynthetic bile acid, is a selective and potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist in development for the treatment of chronic nonviral liver diseases. Physiologic pharmacokinetic models have been previously used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of bile acids. OCA plasma levels were measured in healthy volunteers and cirrhotic subjects. A physiologic pharmacokinetic model was developed to quantitatively describe the ADME of OCA in patients with and without hepatic impairment. There was good agreement between predicted and observed increases in systemic OCA exposure in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment, which were 1.4‐, 8‐, and 13‐fold relative to healthy volunteers. Predicted liver exposure for subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment were increased only 1.1‐, 1.5‐, and 1.7‐fold. In subjects with cirrhosis, OCA exposure in the liver, the primary site of pharmacological activity along with the intestine, is increased marginally (∼2‐fold).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Edwards
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - C LaCerte
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - T Peyret
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - N H Gosselin
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - J F Marier
- Certara Strategic Consulting, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - A F Hofmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - D Shapiro
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee G, Lee H, Hong J, Lee SH, Jung BH. Quantitative profiling of bile acids in rat bile using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–orbitrap mass spectrometry: Alteration of the bile acid composition with aging. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1031:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
40
|
Quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:426-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
41
|
Vernocchi P, Del Chierico F, Putignani L. Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health. Front Microbiol 2016. [PMID: 27507964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01144]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a huge number of different bacteria, that produce a large amount of compounds playing a key role in microbe selection and in the construction of a metabolic signaling network. The microbial activities are affected by environmental stimuli leading to the generation of a wide number of compounds, that influence the host metabolome and human health. Indeed, metabolite profiles related to the gut microbiota can offer deep insights on the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic and acute diseases. Metagenomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics are some of the meta-omics approaches to study the modulation of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic research applied to biofluids allows to: define the metabolic profile; identify and quantify classes and compounds of interest; characterize small molecules produced by intestinal microbes; and define the biochemical pathways of metabolites. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the principal technologies applied to metabolomics in terms of coverage, sensitivity and quantification. Moreover, the use of biostatistics and mathematical approaches coupled with metabolomics play a key role in the extraction of biologically meaningful information from wide datasets. Metabolomic studies in gut microbiota-related research have increased, focusing on the generation of novel biomarkers, which could lead to the development of mechanistic hypotheses potentially applicable to the development of nutritional and personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy; Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vernocchi P, Del Chierico F, Putignani L. Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health. Front Microbiol 2016. [PMID: 27507964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01144] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a huge number of different bacteria, that produce a large amount of compounds playing a key role in microbe selection and in the construction of a metabolic signaling network. The microbial activities are affected by environmental stimuli leading to the generation of a wide number of compounds, that influence the host metabolome and human health. Indeed, metabolite profiles related to the gut microbiota can offer deep insights on the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic and acute diseases. Metagenomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics are some of the meta-omics approaches to study the modulation of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic research applied to biofluids allows to: define the metabolic profile; identify and quantify classes and compounds of interest; characterize small molecules produced by intestinal microbes; and define the biochemical pathways of metabolites. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the principal technologies applied to metabolomics in terms of coverage, sensitivity and quantification. Moreover, the use of biostatistics and mathematical approaches coupled with metabolomics play a key role in the extraction of biologically meaningful information from wide datasets. Metabolomic studies in gut microbiota-related research have increased, focusing on the generation of novel biomarkers, which could lead to the development of mechanistic hypotheses potentially applicable to the development of nutritional and personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy; Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vernocchi P, Del Chierico F, Putignani L. Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1144. [PMID: 27507964 PMCID: PMC4960240 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a huge number of different bacteria, that produce a large amount of compounds playing a key role in microbe selection and in the construction of a metabolic signaling network. The microbial activities are affected by environmental stimuli leading to the generation of a wide number of compounds, that influence the host metabolome and human health. Indeed, metabolite profiles related to the gut microbiota can offer deep insights on the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic and acute diseases. Metagenomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics are some of the meta-omics approaches to study the modulation of the gut microbiota. Metabolomic research applied to biofluids allows to: define the metabolic profile; identify and quantify classes and compounds of interest; characterize small molecules produced by intestinal microbes; and define the biochemical pathways of metabolites. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the principal technologies applied to metabolomics in terms of coverage, sensitivity and quantification. Moreover, the use of biostatistics and mathematical approaches coupled with metabolomics play a key role in the extraction of biologically meaningful information from wide datasets. Metabolomic studies in gut microbiota-related research have increased, focusing on the generation of novel biomarkers, which could lead to the development of mechanistic hypotheses potentially applicable to the development of nutritional and personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Genetic and Rare Diseases Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
- Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hayes MA, Li XQ, Grönberg G, Diczfalusy U, Andersson TB. CYP3A Specifically Catalyzes 1β-Hydroxylation of Deoxycholic Acid: Characterization and Enzymatic Synthesis of a Potential Novel Urinary Biomarker for CYP3A Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1480-9. [PMID: 27402728 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous bile acid metabolite 1β-hydroxy-deoxycholic acid (1β-OH-DCA) excreted in human urine may be used as a sensitive CYP3A biomarker in drug development reflecting in vivo CYP3A activity. An efficient and stereospecific enzymatic synthesis of 1β-OH-DCA was developed using a Bacillus megaterium (BM3) cytochrome P450 (P450) mutant, and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A [(2)H4]-labeled analog of 1β-OH-DCA was also prepared. The major hydroxylated metabolite of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in human liver microsomal incubations was identified as 1β-OH-DCA by comparison with the synthesized reference analyzed by UPLC-HRMS. Its formation was strongly inhibited by CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole. Screening of 21 recombinant human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes showed that, with the exception of extrahepatic CYP46A1, the most abundant liver P450 subfamily CYP3A, including CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7, specifically catalyzed 1β-OH-DCA formation. This indicated that 1β-hydroxylation of DCA may be a useful marker reaction for CYP3A activity in vitro. The metabolic pathways of DCA and 1β-OH-DCA in human hepatocytes were predominantly via glycine and, to a lesser extent, via taurine and sulfate conjugation. The potential utility of 1β-hydroxylation of DCA as a urinary CYP3A biomarker was illustrated by comparing the ratio of 1β-OH-DCA:DCA in a pooled spot urine sample from six healthy control subjects to a sample from one patient treated with carbamazepine, a potent CYP3A inducer; 1β-OH-DCA:DCA was considerably higher in the patient versus controls (ratio 2.8 vs. 0.4). Our results highlight the potential of 1β-OH-DCA as a urinary biomarker in clinical CYP3A DDI studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Hayes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (M.A.H., X.-Q.L., T.B.A.) and Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease, Medicinal Chemistry (G.G.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (U.D.); Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B.A.)
| | - Xue-Qing Li
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (M.A.H., X.-Q.L., T.B.A.) and Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease, Medicinal Chemistry (G.G.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (U.D.); Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B.A.)
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (M.A.H., X.-Q.L., T.B.A.) and Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease, Medicinal Chemistry (G.G.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (U.D.); Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B.A.)
| | - Ulf Diczfalusy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (M.A.H., X.-Q.L., T.B.A.) and Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease, Medicinal Chemistry (G.G.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (U.D.); Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B.A.)
| | - Tommy B Andersson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (M.A.H., X.-Q.L., T.B.A.) and Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease, Medicinal Chemistry (G.G.), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (U.D.); Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Frommherz L, Bub A, Hummel E, Rist MJ, Roth A, Watzl B, Kulling SE. Age-Related Changes of Plasma Bile Acid Concentrations in Healthy Adults--Results from the Cross-Sectional KarMeN Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153959. [PMID: 27092559 PMCID: PMC4836658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) play an important role in lipid metabolism. They facilitate intestinal lipid absorption, and BA synthesis is the main catabolic pathway for cholesterol. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of age, sex, diet (fat intake) and parameters of lipid metabolism (triglycerides, LDL, HDL, body fat content) with fasting plasma BA concentration of healthy individuals. Fasting plasma samples from a cross-sectional study were used to determine the concentrations of 14 BA using an LC-MS stable isotope dilution assay. Triglycerides, LDL and HDL were analyzed by standard clinical chemistry methods and body fat content was measured with a DXA instrument. The dietary fat intake of the 24 h period prior to the sampling was assessed on the basis of a 24 h recall. Subsequent statistical data processing was done by means of a median regression model. Results revealed large inter-individual variations. Overall, higher median plasma concentrations of BA were observed in men than in women. Quantile regression showed significant interactions of selected BA with age and sex, affecting primarily chenodeoxycholic acid and its conjugates. No associations were found for LDL and the amount of fat intake (based on the percentage of energy intake from dietary fat as well as total fat intake). Additional associations regarding body fat content, HDL and triglycerides were found for some secondary BA plasma concentrations. We conclude that age and sex are associated with the fasting plasma concentrations. Those associations are significant and need to be considered in studies investigating the role of BA in the human metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Frommherz
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Hummel
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Roth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bera T, Deng J, Fang J. Tailoring the surface of liquid crystal droplets with chitosan/surfactant complexes for the selective detection of bile acids in biological fluids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of 5CB droplets dispersed in aqueous solution is tailored by the adsorption of CHI/SC14S complexes at the 5CB/aqueous interface. The CHI/SC14S complex-coated 5CB droplets can be used as an optical probe to detect CA in biological fluids without dilution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Bera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Jinan Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Jiyu Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| |
Collapse
|