1
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Redolfi-Bristol D, Mangiameli A, Yamamoto K, Marin E, Zhu W, Mazda O, Riello P, Pezzotti G. Ammonia Toxicity and Associated Protein Oxidation: A Single-Cell Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:117-125. [PMID: 38146714 PMCID: PMC10792663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a commonly used industrial chemical to which exposure at high concentrations can result in severe skin damage. Moreover, high levels of ammonia in the human body can lead to hyperammonemia conditions and enhanced cancer metabolism. In this work, the toxicity mechanism of NH3 has been studied against human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For this purpose, gold nanoparticles of size 50 nm have been prepared and used as probes for Raman signal enhancement, after being internalized inside HDF cells. Following the exposure to ammonia, HDF cells showed a significant variation in the protein ternary structure's signals, demonstrating their denaturation and oxidation process, together with early signs of apoptosis. Meaningful changes were observed especially in the Raman vibrations of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) together with aromatic residues. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cells, which confirmed their stressed condition and to whom the causes of protein degradation can be attributed. These findings can provide new insights into the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and protein oxidation at a single-cell level, demonstrating the high potential of the SERS technique in investigating the cellular response to toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Redolfi-Bristol
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia 30172, Italia
| | - Alessandro Mangiameli
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia 30172, Italia
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Pietro Riello
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia 30172, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic
Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hiraka-ta, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Department
of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, 465 Kajii-cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department
of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca
degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, Venezia 30172, Italia
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2
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Oualikene-Gonin W, Sautou V, Ezan E, Bastos H, Bellissant E, Belgodère L, Maison P, Ankri J. Regulatory assessment of nano-enabled health products in public health interest. Position of the scientific advisory board of the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125577. [PMID: 36935690 PMCID: PMC10018019 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are present in a wide variety of health products, drugs and medical devices and their use is constantly increasing, varying in terms of diversity and quantity. The topic is vast because it covers nanodrugs, but also excipients (that includes varying proportions of NMs) and medical devices (with intended or not-intended (by-products of wear) nanoparticles). Although researchers in the field of nanomedicines in clinical research and industry push for clearer definitions and relevant regulations, the endeavor is challenging due to the enormous diversity of NMs in use and their specific properties. In addition, regulatory hurdles and discrepancies are often cited as obstacles to the clinical development of these innovative products. The scientific council of the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM) undertook a multidisciplinary analysis encompassing fundamental, environmental and societal dimensions with the aim of identifying topics of interest for regulatory assessment and surveillance. This analysis allowed for proposing some recommendations for approximation and harmonization of international regulatory practices for the assessment of the risk/benefit balance of these products, considering as well the public expectations as regards efficacy and safety of nanomaterials used in Health products, in terms of human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin
- Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé, Saint-Denis, France
- *Correspondence: Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin
| | - Valérie Sautou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henri Bastos
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Bellissant
- Service de Pharmacologie, Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, de pharmaco-épidémiologie et d'information sur le médicament, CHU de Rennes, UMR INSERM 1085 - Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Laëtitia Belgodère
- Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Patrick Maison
- Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé, Saint-Denis, France
- EA 7379, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- CHI Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Joël Ankri
- Université de Versailles St Quentin- Paris Saclay, Inserm U1018, Versailles, France
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3
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El Yamani N, Rundén-Pran E, Collins AR, Longhin EM, Elje E, Hoet P, Vinković Vrček I, Doak SH, Fessard V, Dusinska M. The miniaturized enzyme-modified comet assay for genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:986318. [PMID: 36310692 PMCID: PMC9597874 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.986318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro comet assay is a widely applied method for investigating genotoxicity of chemicals including engineered nanomaterials (NMs). A big challenge in hazard assessment of NMs is possible interference between the NMs and reagents or read-out of the test assay, leading to a risk of biased results. Here, we describe both the standard alkaline version of the in vitro comet assay with 12 mini-gels per slide for detection of DNA strand breaks and the enzyme-modified version that allows detection of oxidized DNA bases by applying lesion-specific endonucleases (e.g., formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase or endonuclease III). We highlight critical points that need to be taken into consideration when assessing the genotoxicity of NMs, as well as basic methodological considerations, such as the importance of carrying out physicochemical characterization of the NMs and investigating uptake and cytotoxicity. Also, experimental design-including treatment conditions, cell number, cell culture, format and volume of medium on the plate-is crucial and can have an impact on the results, especially when testing NMs. Toxicity of NMs depends upon physicochemical properties that change depending on the environment. To facilitate testing of numerous NMs with distinct modifications, the higher throughput miniaturized version of the comet assay is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - E. Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - A. R. Collins
- Comet Biotech AS, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. M. Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - E. Elje
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - P. Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I. Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S. H. Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - V. Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougères, France
| | - M. Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU—Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
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4
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Siivola KK, Burgum MJ, Suárez-Merino B, Clift MJD, Doak SH, Catalán J. A systematic quality evaluation and review of nanomaterial genotoxicity studies: a regulatory perspective. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36104711 PMCID: PMC9472411 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications in the field of nanogenotoxicology and the amount of genotoxicity data on nanomaterials (NMs) in several databases generated by European Union (EU) funded projects have increased during the last decade. In parallel, large research efforts have contributed to both our understanding of key physico-chemical (PC) parameters regarding NM characterization as well as the limitations of toxicological assays originally designed for soluble chemicals. Hence, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all of these data are reliable or relevant from the regulatory perspective. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the extent of studies on genotoxicity of NMs that can be considered reliable and relevant by current standards and bring focus to what is needed for a study to be useful from the regulatory point of view. Due to the vast number of studies available, we chose to limit our search to two large groups, which have raised substantial interest in recent years: nanofibers (including nanotubes) and metal-containing nanoparticles. Focusing on peer-reviewed publications, we evaluated the completeness of PC characterization of the tested NMs, documentation of the model system, study design, and results according to the quality assessment approach developed in the EU FP-7 GUIDEnano project. Further, building on recently published recommendations for best practices in nanogenotoxicology research, we created a set of criteria that address assay-specific reliability and relevance for risk assessment purposes. Articles were then reviewed, the qualifying publications discussed, and the most common shortcomings in NM genotoxicity studies highlighted. Moreover, several EU projects under the FP7 and H2020 framework set the aim to collectively feed the information they produced into the eNanoMapper database. As a result, and over the years, the eNanoMapper database has been extended with data of various quality depending on the existing knowledge at the time of entry. These activities are highly relevant since negative results are often not published. Here, we have reviewed the NanoInformaTIX instance under the eNanoMapper database, which hosts data from nine EU initiatives. We evaluated the data quality and the feasibility of use of the data from a regulatory perspective for each experimental entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi K. Siivola
- grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J. Burgum
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | | | - Martin J. D. Clift
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales UK
| | - Julia Catalán
- grid.6975.d0000 0004 0410 5926Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Box 40, Työterveyslaitos, 00032 Helsinki, Finland ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Department of Anatomy Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Sharma P, Kumari R, Yadav M, Lal R. Evaluation of TiO 2 Nanoparticles Physicochemical Parameters Associated with their Antimicrobial Applications. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:338-350. [PMID: 35974921 PMCID: PMC9375816 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) usage is increasing in everyday consumer products, hence, assessing their toxic impacts on living organisms and environment is essential. Various studies have revealed the significant role of TiO2NPs physicochemical properties on their toxicity. However, TiO2NPs are still poorly characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties, and environmental factors influencing their toxicity are either ignored or are too complex to be assessed under laboratory conditions. The outcomes of these studies are diverse and inconsistent due to lack of standard protocols. TiO2NPs toxicity also differs for in vivo and in vitro systems, which must also be considered during standardization of protocols to maintain uniformity and reproducibility of results. This review critically evaluates impact of different physicochemical parameters of TiO2NPs and other experimental conditions, employed in different laboratories in determining their toxicity towards bacteria. These important observations may be helpful in evaluation of environmental risks posed by these nanoparticles and this can further assist regulatory bodies in policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110049 India
| | - Rekha Kumari
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Miranda House, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Meena Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rup Lal
- The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003 India
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6
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Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials in Cosmetics: Focus on Dermal and Hair Dyes Products. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials use in cosmetics is markedly enhancing, so their exposure and toxicity are important parameters to consider for their risk assessment. This review article provides an overview of the active cosmetic ingredients used for cosmetic application, including dermal cosmetics and also hair dye cosmetics, as well as their safety assessment, enriched with a compilation of the safety assessment tests available to evaluate the different types of toxicity. In fact, despite the increase in research and the number of papers published in the field of nanotechnology, the related safety assessment is still insufficient. To elucidate the possible effects that nanosized particles can have on living systems, more studies reproducing similar conditions to what happens in vivo should be conducted, particularly considering the complex interactions of the biological systems and active cosmetic ingredients to achieve newer, safer, and more efficient nanomaterials. Toward this end, ecological issues and the toxicological pattern should also be a study target.
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7
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Evaluating nanobiomaterial-induced DNA strand breaks using the alkaline comet assay. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2243-2258. [PMID: 35612707 PMCID: PMC9360128 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are extensively studied for applications in medicine and drug delivery. Despite these exciting properties, their small sizes also make them susceptible to toxicity. Whilst nanomaterial immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity are studied in great depth, there is still limited data on their potential genotoxicity or ability to cause DNA damage. In the past years, new medical device regulations, which came into place in 2020, were developed, which require the assessment of long-term NBM exposure; therefore, in recent years, increased attention is being paid to genotoxicity screening of these materials. In this article, and through an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) study conducted within the Horizon 2020 REFINE project, we assess five different NBM formulations, each with different uses, namely, a bio-persistent gold nanoparticle (AuNP), an IR-780 dye-loaded liposome which is used in deep tissue imaging (LipImage™815), an unloaded PACA polymeric nanoparticle used as a drug delivery system (PACA), and two loaded PACA NBMs, i.e. the cabazitaxel drug-loaded PACA (CBZ-PACA) and the NR668 dye-loaded PACA (NR668 PACA) for their potential to cause DNA strand breaks using the alkaline comet assay and discuss the current state of genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials. We have found through our interlaboratory comparison that the alkaline comet assay can be suitably applied to the pre-clinical assessment of NBMs, as a reproducible and repeatable methodology for assessing NBM-induced DNA damage.
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8
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Liu H, Liu H, Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Q, Li S, Cao Y, Li Q. Study on the genetic damage caused by cadmium sulfide quantum dots in human lymphocytes. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:463-472. [PMID: 35949484 PMCID: PMC9096230 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are being developed for sensors, fluorescent probes, and other platforms and are attracting increasing attention. Given the growing demand for QDs, it is clear that there is a need to understand their potential toxicity to organisms. However, little is known regarding the genotoxicity of CdS QDs to humans. Therefore, this study used CdS QDs as the research object, cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and randomly divided them into a control group, CdS I group (CdS QDs), and CdS II group (CdS QDs coated with thioglycolic acid). After cultivation, we measured the olive tail distance, tail length, tail DNA%, lymphocyte micronucleus rate, and aneuploid rate. The comet test results indicated that the indices of the QD group were significantly larger than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests showed that the lymphocyte micronucleus rate and chromosome aneuploid rate in the QD group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with those in the control group. In conclusion, CdS QDs have certain genotoxicity to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the DNA damage caused by CdS QDs encapsulated with thioglycolic acid is less severe than that caused by nonencapsulated CdS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University , No. 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Qingzhao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology , No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan , Hebei , China
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9
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More S, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Halldorsson T, Hernández‐Jerez A, Hougaard Bennekou S, Koutsoumanis K, Lambré C, Machera K, Naegeli H, Nielsen S, Schlatter J, Schrenk D, Silano (deceased) V, Turck D, Younes M, Castenmiller J, Chaudhry Q, Cubadda F, Franz R, Gott D, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen AG, Weigel S, Barthelemy E, Rincon A, Tarazona J, Schoonjans R. Guidance on risk assessment of nanomaterials to be applied in the food and feed chain: human and animal health. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06768. [PMID: 34377190 PMCID: PMC8331059 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA has updated the Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain, human and animal health. It covers the application areas within EFSA's remit, including novel foods, food contact materials, food/feed additives and pesticides. The updated guidance, now Scientific Committee Guidance on nano risk assessment (SC Guidance on Nano-RA), has taken account of relevant scientific studies that provide insights to physico-chemical properties, exposure assessment and hazard characterisation of nanomaterials and areas of applicability. Together with the accompanying Guidance on Technical requirements for regulated food and feed product applications to establish the presence of small particles including nanoparticles (Guidance on Particle-TR), the SC Guidance on Nano-RA specifically elaborates on physico-chemical characterisation, key parameters that should be measured, methods and techniques that can be used for characterisation of nanomaterials and their determination in complex matrices. The SC Guidance on Nano-RA also details aspects relating to exposure assessment and hazard identification and characterisation. In particular, nanospecific considerations relating to in vitro/in vivo toxicological studies are discussed and a tiered framework for toxicological testing is outlined. Furthermore, in vitro degradation, toxicokinetics, genotoxicity, local and systemic toxicity as well as general issues relating to testing of nanomaterials are described. Depending on the initial tier results, additional studies may be needed to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity, chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity and allergenicity, neurotoxicity, effects on gut microbiome and endocrine activity. The possible use of read-across to fill data gaps as well as the potential use of integrated testing strategies and the knowledge of modes or mechanisms of action are also discussed. The Guidance proposes approaches to risk characterisation and uncertainty analysis.
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10
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Koedrith P, Rahman MM, Jang YJ, Shin DY, Seo YR. Nanoparticles: Weighing the Pros and Cons from an Eco-genotoxicological Perspective. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:83-97. [PMID: 34258247 PMCID: PMC8249203 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of nanotechnology and the industrial production have raised concerns over its impact on human and environmental health and safety (EHS). Although there has been substantial progress in the assessment of pristine nanoparticle toxicities, their EHS impacts require greater clarification. In this review, we discuss studies that have assessed nanoparticle eco-genotoxicity in different test systems and their fate in the environment as well as the considerable confounding factors that may complicate the results. We highlight key mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated genotoxicity. Then we discuss the reliability of endpoint assays, such as the comet assay, the most favored assessment technique because of its versatility to measure low levels of DNA strand breakage, and the micronucleus assay, which is complementary to the former because of its greater ability to detect chromosomal DNA fragmentation. We also address the current recommendations on experimental design, including environmentally relevant concentrations and suitable exposure duration to avoid false-positive or -negative results. The genotoxicity of nanoparticles depends on their physicochemical features and the presence of co-pollutants. Thus, the effect of environmental processes (e.g., aggregation and agglomeration, adsorption, and transformation of nanoparticles) would account for when determining the actual genotoxicity relevant to environmental systems, and assay procedures must be standardized. Indeed, the engineered nanoparticles offer potential applications in different fields including biomedicine, environment, agriculture, and industry. Toxicological pathways and the potential risk factors related to genotoxic responses in biological organisms and environments need to be clarified before appropriate and sustainable applications of nanoparticles can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Koedrith
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Md. Mujibur Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
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11
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Size, Surface Functionalization, and Genotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020271. [PMID: 32041143 PMCID: PMC7075117 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggested that gold nanoparticles (NPs) could be genotoxic in vitro and in vivo. However, gold NPs currently produced present a wide range of sizes and functionalization, which could affect their interactions with the environment or with biological structures and, thus, modify their toxic effects. In this study, we investigated the role of surface charge in determining the genotoxic potential of gold NPs, as measured by the induction of DNA damage (comet assay) and chromosomal damage (micronucleus assay) in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The cellular uptake of gold NPs was assessed by hyperspectral imaging. Two core sizes (~5 nm and ~20 nm) and three functionalizations representing negative (carboxylate), positive (ammonium), and neutral (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated) surface charges were examined. Cationic ammonium gold NPs were clearly more cytotoxic than their anionic and neutral counterparts, but genotoxicity was not simply dependent on functionalization or size, since DNA damage was induced by 20-nm ammonium and PEGylated gold NPs, while micronucleus induction was increased by 5-nm ammonium and 20-nm PEGylated gold NPs. The 5-nm carboxylated gold NPs were not genotoxic, and evidence on the genotoxicity of the 20-nm carboxylated gold NPs was restricted to a positive result at the lowest dose in the micronucleus assay. When interpreting the results, it has to be taken into account that cytotoxicity limited the doses available for the ammonium-functionalized gold NPs and that gold NPs were earlier described to interfere with the comet assay procedure, possibly resulting in a false positive result. In conclusion, our findings show that the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of gold NPs are clearly enhanced by positive surface charge, but neither functionalization nor size can single-handedly account for the genotoxic effects of the gold NPs.
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Monaheng NM, Parani S, Gulumian M, Oluwafemi OS. Eco-friendly synthesis of glutathione-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe core/double shell quantum dots: their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:868-874. [PMID: 32055393 PMCID: PMC6991175 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report green one-pot synthesis, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of glutathione-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe heterostructured quantum dots (QDs) using a label-free xCELLigence RTCA system as well as the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay. The as-synthesised nanocrystals displayed good optical properties and were spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 5.9 ± 1.13 nm. The intracellular uptake study showed that most of the as-synthesised glutathione stabilized QDs penetrated the cell membranes and were found randomly localized in the cytoplasm of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells even at a lower concentration of 0.5 μg ml-1. The QDs showed no cytotoxicity to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells at six concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 25 μg ml-1). However, at 50 and 100 μg ml-1 the material was cytotoxic at significant p values of 3.1 × 10-4 and 9.47 × 10-10, respectively. Likewise, the material was found to be genotoxic at almost all concentrations tested. The genotoxicity of the nanocrystals in question confers unfavorable potential to all complex heterostructured nanocrystals. Hence, more studies are needed to negate the prevailing assumption that multishell passivation provides enough protection against intracellular QD core dissolution or the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) before these nanomaterials can be used in vivo for human health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neo Mervyn Monaheng
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry) , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , P.O. Box 17011 , Doornfontein , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Sundararajan Parani
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry) , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , P.O. Box 17011 , Doornfontein , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Section , National Institute for Occupational Health , Johannesburg , South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry) , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , P.O. Box 17011 , Doornfontein , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research , University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Petersen EJ, Hirsch C, Elliott JT, Krug HF, Aengenheister L, Arif AT, Bogni A, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, May S, Walser T, Wick P, Roesslein M. Cause-and-Effect Analysis as a Tool To Improve the Reproducibility of Nanobioassays: Four Case Studies. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:1039-1054. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - John T. Elliott
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, St. Gallerstr. 58, 9032 Engelburg, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ali Talib Arif
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research (KISSR), Qirga, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Sarah May
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Hardy A, Benford D, Halldorsson T, Jeger MJ, Knutsen HK, More S, Naegeli H, Noteborn H, Ockleford C, Ricci A, Rychen G, Schlatter JR, Silano V, Solecki R, Turck D, Younes M, Chaudhry Q, Cubadda F, Gott D, Oomen A, Weigel S, Karamitrou M, Schoonjans R, Mortensen A. Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05327. [PMID: 32625968 PMCID: PMC7009542 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority has produced this Guidance on human and animal health aspects (Part 1) of the risk assessment of nanoscience and nanotechnology applications in the food and feed chain. It covers the application areas within EFSA's remit, e.g. novel foods, food contact materials, food/feed additives and pesticides. The Guidance takes account of the new developments that have taken place since publication of the previous Guidance in 2011. Potential future developments are suggested in the scientific literature for nanoencapsulated delivery systems and nanocomposites in applications such as novel foods, food/feed additives, biocides, pesticides and food contact materials. Therefore, the Guidance has taken account of relevant new scientific studies that provide more insights to physicochemical properties, exposure assessment and hazard characterisation of nanomaterials. It specifically elaborates on physicochemical characterisation of nanomaterials in terms of how to establish whether a material is a nanomaterial, the key parameters that should be measured, the methods and techniques that can be used for characterisation of nanomaterials and their determination in complex matrices. It also details the aspects relating to exposure assessment and hazard identification and characterisation. In particular, nanospecific considerations relating to in vivo/in vitro toxicological studies are discussed and a tiered framework for toxicological testing is outlined. It describes in vitro degradation, toxicokinetics, genotoxicity as well as general issues relating to testing of nanomaterials. Depending on the initial tier results, studies may be needed to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, allergenicity, neurotoxicity, effects on gut microbiome and endocrine activity. The possible use of read‐across to fill data gaps as well as the potential use of integrated testing strategies and the knowledge of modes/mechanisms of action are also discussed. The Guidance proposes approaches to risk characterisation and uncertainty analysis, and provides recommendations for further research in this area. This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1430/full
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Ganguly P, Breen A, Pillai SC. Toxicity of Nanomaterials: Exposure, Pathways, Assessment, and Recent Advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2237-2275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ganguly
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Ailish Breen
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
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Mahaye N, Thwala M, Cowan DA, Musee N. Genotoxicity of metal based engineered nanoparticles in aquatic organisms: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:134-160. [PMID: 28927524 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants, but are generally found in very low concentrations and are therefore likely to exert sub-lethal effects on aquatic organisms. In this review, we: (i) highlight key mechanisms of metal-based ENP-induced genotoxicity, (ii) identify key nanoparticle and environmental factors which influence the observed genotoxic effects, and (iii) highlight the challenges involved in interpreting reported data and provide recommendations on how these challenges might be addressed. We review the application of eight different genotoxicity assays, where the Comet Assay is generally preferred due to its capacity to detect low levels of DNA damage. Most ENPs have been shown to cause genotoxic responses; e.g., DNA or/and chromosomal fragmentation, or DNA strand breakage, but at unrealistic high concentrations. The genotoxicity of the ENPs was dependent on the inherent physico-chemical properties (e.g. size, coating, surface chemistry, e.tc.), and the presence of co-pollutants. To enhance the value of published genotoxicity data, the role of environmental processes; e.g., dissolution, aggregation and agglomeration, and adsorption of ENPs when released in aquatic systems, should be included, and assay protocols must be standardized. Such data could be used to model ENP genotoxicity processes in open environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahaye
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Water Resources Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Thwala
- Water Resources Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N Musee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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