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Yoshiyama Y, Wakabayashi Y, Mercer KL, Kawabata S, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi T, Yamori W. Natural genetic variation in dynamic photosynthesis is correlated with stomatal anatomical traits in diverse tomato species across geographical habitats. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024:erae082. [PMID: 38606772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants grown under field conditions experience fluctuating light. Understanding the natural genetic variations for a similarly dynamic photosynthetic response among untapped germplasm resources, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may offer breeding strategies to improve production using molecular approaches. Here, we measured gas exchange under fluctuating light, along with stomatal density and size, in eight wild tomato species and two tomato cultivars. The photosynthetic induction response showed significant diversity, with some wild species having faster induction rates than the two cultivars. Species with faster photosynthetic induction rates had higher daily integrated photosynthesis, but lower average water use efficiency because of high stomatal conductance under natural fluctuating light. The variation in photosynthetic induction was closely associated with the speed of stomatal responses, highlighting its critical role in maximizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. Moreover, stomatal size was negatively correlated with stomatal density within a species, and plants with smaller stomata at a higher density had a quicker photosynthetic response than those with larger stomata at lower density. Our findings show that the response of stomatal conductance plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic induction, with smaller stomata at higher density proving advantageous for photosynthesis under fluctuating light in tomato species. The interspecific variation in the rate of stomatal responses could offer an untapped resource for optimizing dynamic photosynthetic responses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yoshiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tabuchi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen CI, Lin KH, Huang MY, Yao KY, Huang CC, Lin TC, Chu EL, Yang JD, Wang CW. Photo-protection and photo-inhibition during light induction in Barbula indica and Conocephalum conicum under different light gradients. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:191-202. [PMID: 37335528 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng and Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort subjected to various light intensities (LI) as a reflection of their adaptability to their habitats. The electron transport rate (ETR) of all plants under 500 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was significantly higher than other LI treatments, implying that these plants could be grown under a specific and optimal light intensity adapted to 500 PPFD conditions. As LI increased from 50 to 2,000 PPFD, we observed in all plants increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photo-inhibitory quenching (qI) and decreased photosystem II efficiency (ΦPSII), potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual PSII efficiency (ΔF/Fm'%), and Fv/Fm%. In addition, energy-dependent quenching (qE), the light protection system (qE + qZ + qT), and qI increased as ΦPSII decreased and photo-inhibition% increased under 1000, 1500, and 2000 PPFD conditions, suggesting that these plants had higher photo-protective ability under high LI treatments to maintain higher photosynthetic system performance. B. indica plants remained photochemically active and maintained higher qE under 300, 500, and 1000 PPFD, whereas C. conicum qZ + qT exhibited higher photo-protection under 500, 1000, and 1500 PPFD conditions. These ChlF indices can be used for predicting photosynthetic responses to light induction in different bryophytes and provide a theoretical basis for ecological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Chen
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuei-Yu Yao
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Tzu-Chao Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Liang Chu
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Dong Yang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Wen Wang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC.
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3
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Li YT, Gao HY, Zhang ZS. Effects of Environmental and Non-Environmental Factors on Dynamic Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Leaves under Changing Light. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2015. [PMID: 37653932 PMCID: PMC10223794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Major research on photosynthesis has been carried out under steady light. However, in the natural environment, steady light is rare, and light intensity is always changing. Changing light affects (usually reduces) photosynthetic carbon assimilation and causes decreases in biomass and yield. Ecologists first observed the importance of changing light for plant growth in the understory; other researchers noticed that changing light in the crop canopy also seriously affects yield. Here, we review the effects of environmental and non-environmental factors on dynamic photosynthetic carbon assimilation under changing light in higher plants. In general, dynamic photosynthesis is more sensitive to environmental and non-environmental factors than steady photosynthesis, and dynamic photosynthesis is more diverse than steady photosynthesis. Finally, we discuss the challenges of photosynthetic research under changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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4
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Kang H, Tomimatsu H, Zhu T, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Contributions of species shade tolerance and individual light environment to photosynthetic induction in tropical tree seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1975-1987. [PMID: 35567409 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has long been debated whether tree leaves from shady environments exhibit higher photosynthetic induction efficiency (IE) than those from sunny environments and how the shade tolerance of tree species and the light environment of leaves contribute to the dynamics of photosynthesis. To address these questions, we investigated leaf photosynthetic responses to simulated changes of light intensity in seedlings of six tree species with differential shade tolerance. The seedlings were growing under different light environments in a lowland tropical forest. We proposed an index of relative shade tolerance (RST) to assess species-specific capacity to tolerate shade, and we quantified the light environment of individual leaves by the index of daily light integral (DLI), the averaged daily total light intensity. We obtained the following results. Photosynthetic IE, which is the ratio of the achieved carbon gain to the expected carbon gain, was significantly higher for species with a higher RST than for that with a lower RST. The impacts of light environment on the IE of individual leaves within the same species varied largely among different species. In the three species with relatively low RST, the IE of individual leaves decreased at higher DLIs when DLI < 10 mol m-2 d-1. Seedlings with high initial stomatal conductance before induction (gs50) possessed a higher IE than those with low gs50 from the same species. A trade-off existed between IE and steady-state photosynthetic rates. These results suggest a complex interaction between the shade tolerance of species and the light environments of individual leaves for photosynthetic induction and provide new insights into the adaptation strategy for understory seedlings under sunfleck environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Kang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hajime Tomimatsu
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiruo Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Photosynthesis in Response to Different Salinities and Immersions of Two Native Rhizophoraceae Mangroves. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193054. [PMID: 36231016 PMCID: PMC9563735 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels as the plants are exposed to high salinity and tidal submergence. The ways in which these plants respond to varying salinities, immersion depths, and levels of light irradiation are poorly studied. To understand photosynthesis in response to salinity and submergence in mangroves acclimated to different tidal elevations, two-year-old seedlings of two native mangrove species, Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa, were treated at different salinity concentrations (0, 10, and 30 part per thousand, ppt) with and without immersion conditions under fifteen photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD μmol photon·m−2·s−1). The photosynthetic capacity and the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of both species were measured. We found that under different PPFDs, electron transport rate (ETR) induction was much faster than photosynthetic rate (Pn) induction, and Pn was restricted by stomatal conductance (Gs). The Pn of the immersed K. obovata plants increased, indicating that this species is immersed-tolerant, whereas the Pn level of the R. stylosa plants is salt-tolerant with no immersion. All of the plants treated with 30 ppt salinity exhibited lower Pn but higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and heat quenching (D) values, followed by increases in the excess energy and photoprotective effects. Since NPQ or D can be easily measured in the field, these values provide a useful ecological monitoring index that may provide a reference for mangrove restoration, habitat creation, and ecological monitoring.
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Wang CW, Wong SL, Liao TS, Weng JH, Chen MN, Huang MY, Chen CI. Photosynthesis in response to salinity and submergence in two Rhizophoraceae mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1016-1028. [PMID: 34918132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels. When the sea level rises, the plants are exposed to increased salinity and tidal submergence. In Taiwan, the mangrove species Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa grow in different habitats and at different elevations. To understand the response of photosynthesis to salinity and submergence in mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in K. obovata and R. stylosa under different salinity (20 and 40‰) and submergence treatments. The period of light induction of photosynthesis for the two mangrove species was >60 min. In the induction process, the increase in photosystem efficiency was faster than the increase in stomatal opening, but CO2 fixation efficiency was restricted by stomatal conductance. The constraint of stomatal opening speed is related to the conservative water-use strategy developed in response to mangrove environments. Submergence increased the photosynthetic rate of K. obovata, but not that of R. stylosa. Although R. stylosa was more salt tolerant than K. obovata, R. stylosa was not submergence tolerant in a high-salinity environment, which may be the reason for the higher intertidal elevations observed for R. stylosa in comparison with K. obovata. The photosynthetic rate and energy-dependent quenching (qE) of the two mangroves presented a negative relationship with photoinhibition, and high-salt treatment simultaneously reduced photosynthetic rate and qE. A decrease in the photosynthetic rate increased excess energy, whereas a decrease in qE decreased photoprotection; both increased photoinhibition. As the degree of photoinhibition can be easily measured in the field, it is a useful ecological monitoring index that provides a suitable reference for mangrove restoration, habitat construction and ecological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Wang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, No. 1, Minsheng E. Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County 55244, Taiwan
| | - S-L Wong
- Endemic Species Research Institute, No. 1, Minsheng E. Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County 55244, Taiwan
| | - T-S Liao
- Department of Forestry, Tree Physiology and Silviculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - J-H Weng
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Ecophysiology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - M-N Chen
- Department of Agriculture, Taoyuan City Government, No.1, Xianfu Rd., Taoyuan City 330206, Taiwan
| | - M-Y Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Ecophysiology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - C-I Chen
- Department of Forestry, Tree Physiology and Silviculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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7
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Huang MY, Wong SL, Weng JH. Rapid Light-Response Curve of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Terrestrial Plants: Relationship to CO 2 Exchange among Five Woody and Four Fern Species Adapted to Different Light and Water Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:445. [PMID: 33652840 PMCID: PMC7996942 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid light response of electron transport rate (ETRR), obtained from chlorophyll fluorescence parameters by short illumination periods (10-30 s) at each light level, can provide a rapid and easy measurement of photosynthetic light response in plants. However, the relationship between ETRR and the steady-state light response of CO2 exchange rate (AS) of terrestrial plants has not been studied in detail. In this study, we compared the ETRR and AS for five woody and four fern species with different light and/or water adaptations. Under well-watered conditions, a constant temperature (25 °C) and with stomatal conductance (gs) not being a main limiting factor for photosynthesis, ETRR and AS were closely related, even when merging data for regression analysis for a species grown under different light conditions and measured under different light intensity and air humidity. However, when Alnus formosana was treated with low soil water and air humidity, because of the decrease in AS mainly due to stomatal closure, the ETRR-AS relation was not so close. In addition, at both 100 and 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), ETRR and AS were significantly correlated within a plant group (i.e., woody plants and ferns) regardless of the broad difference in AS due to different species or environmental factors. The results indicate that the relationship between the ETRR and AS is varied by species. We concluded that 1) ETRR could reflect the variation in AS at each irradiance level within a species under well-watered conditions and 2) ETRR at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD (as the efficiency of light capture) or 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD (as a maximum photosynthetic parameter) could be used to compare the photosynthetic capacity within a plant group, such as woody plants and ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shau-Lian Wong
- Division of Botany, Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou 552, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Hsien Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
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8
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Nguyen HC, Lin KH, Hsiung TC, Huang MY, Yang CM, Weng JH, Hsu MH, Chen PY, Chang KC. Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Plants of Two Calathea Species. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E704. [PMID: 29494547 PMCID: PMC5877565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Calathea possess many leaf colors, and they are economically important because they are widely used as ornamentals for interior landscaping. Physiological performances and photosynthetic capacities of C. insignis and C. makoyana were investigated. The photosynthetic efficiencies of C. insignis and C. makoyana were significantly increased when the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) increased from 0 to 600 μmol photons·m-2·s-1 and became saturated with a further increase in the PPFD. The two Calathea species had lower values of both the light saturation point and maximal photosynthetic rate, which indicated that they are shade plants. No significant differences in predawn Fv/Fm values (close to 0.8) were observed between dark-green (DG) and light-green (LG) leaf sectors in all tested leaves. However, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II largely decreased as the PPFD increased. An increase in the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate was observed in both species to a maximum at 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD, following by a decrease to 1500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD. Compared to LG leaf extracts, DG leaf extracts contained higher levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, Chls a + b, carotenoids (Cars), anthocyanins (Ants), flavonoids (Flas), and polyphenols (PPs) in all plants, except for the Ant, Fla and PP contents of C. insignis plants. Calathea insignis also contained significantly higher levels of total protein than did C. makoyana. The adjusted normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), red-green, and flavonol index (FlavI) were significantly correlated to leaf Chls a + b, Cars, Ants, and Flas in C. makoyana, respectively, and can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Chinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Chuan Hsiung
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Hsien Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Huang Hsu
- Refining and Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Minsheng S. Road, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chieh Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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Meinzer FC, Smith DD, Woodruff DR, Marias DE, McCulloh KA, Howard AR, Magedman AL. Stomatal kinetics and photosynthetic gas exchange along a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric regulation of plant water status. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1618-1628. [PMID: 28426140 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Species' differences in the stringency of stomatal control of plant water potential represent a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric behaviours. However, little is known about how quasi-steady-state stomatal regulation of water potential may relate to dynamic behaviour of stomata and photosynthetic gas exchange in species operating at different positions along this continuum. Here, we evaluated kinetics of light-induced stomatal opening, activation of photosynthesis and features of quasi-steady-state photosynthetic gas exchange in 10 woody species selected to represent different degrees of anisohydry. Based on a previously developed proxy for the degree of anisohydry, species' leaf water potentials at turgor loss, we found consistent trends in photosynthetic gas exchange traits across a spectrum of isohydry to anisohydry. More anisohydric species had faster kinetics of stomatal opening and activation of photosynthesis, and these kinetics were closely coordinated within species. Quasi-steady-state stomatal conductance and measures of photosynthetic capacity and performance were also greater in more anisohydric species. Intrinsic water-use efficiency estimated from leaf gas exchange and stable carbon isotope ratios was lowest in the most anisohydric species. In comparisons between gas exchange traits, species rankings were highly consistent, leading to species-independent scaling relationships over the range of isohydry to anisohydry observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C Meinzer
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David R Woodruff
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Danielle E Marias
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Katherine A McCulloh
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ava R Howard
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, 97361, USA
| | - Alicia L Magedman
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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10
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Sun J, Zhang Q, Tabassum MA, Ye M, Peng S, Li Y. The inhibition of photosynthesis under water deficit conditions is more severe in flecked than uniform irradiance in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:464-472. [PMID: 32480579 DOI: 10.1071/fp16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is considered the major environmental factor limiting leaf photosynthesis, and the physiological basis for decreased photosynthesis under water deficit has been intensively studied with steady irradiance. Leaves within a canopy experience a highly variable light environment in magnitude and time, but the effect of water deficit on photosynthesis in fluctuating irradiance is not well understood. Two rice cultivars with different drought tolerance, Champa and Yangliangyou 6 (YLY6), were hydroponically grown under well-watered, 15% (m/v) and 20% PEG (polyethylene glycol, 6000Da) induced water deficit conditions. The inhibition of steady-state photosynthesis in Champa is more severe than YLY6. The maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport capacity (Jmax) were decreased under 20% PEG treatment in Champa, whereas less or no effect was observed in YLY6. The induction state (IS%, which indicates photosynthesis capacity after exposure of low-light period) of both leaf photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) was highly correlated, and was significantly decreased under water deficit conditions in both cultivars. Water deficit had no significant effect on the time required to reach 50 or 90% of the maximum photosynthetic rate (T50%,A and T90%,A) after exposure to high-light level, but significantly led to a greater decrease in photosynthetic rate in the low-light period under flecked irradiance (Amin-fleck) relative to photosynthetic rate in the same light intensity of continuously low-light period (Ainitial). The lower IS% of A and more severe decrease in Amin-fleck relative to Ainitial will lead to a more severe decrease in integrated CO2 fixation under water deficit in flecked compared with uniform irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Tabassum
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Miao Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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11
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Zhang ZS, Li YT, Gao HY, Yang C, Meng QW. Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26963. [PMID: 27377989 PMCID: PMC4932497 DOI: 10.1038/srep26963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations on photosynthesis have been performed on leaves irradiated from the adaxial surface. However, leaves usually sway because of wind. This action results in the alternating exposure of both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces to bright sunlight. To simulate adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation (ad-ab-alt irradiation), the adaxial or abaxial surface of leaves were exposed to light regimes that fluctuated between 100 and 1,000 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Compared with constant adaxial irradiation, simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation suppressed net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration (E) but not water use efficiency. These suppressions were aggravated by an increase in alternant frequency of the light intensity. When leaves were transferred from constant light to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, the maximum Pn and E during the high light period decreased, but the rate of photosynthetic induction during this period remained constant. The sensitivity of photosynthetic gas exchange to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation was lower on abaxial surface than adaxial surface. Under simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, higher Pn and E were measured on abaxial surface compared with adaxial surface. Therefore, bifacial leaves can fix more carbon than leaves with two "sun-leaf-like" surfaces under ad-ab-alt irradiation. Photosynthetic research should be conducted under dynamic conditions that better mimic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Soleh MA, Tanaka Y, Nomoto Y, Iwahashi Y, Nakashima K, Fukuda Y, Long SP, Shiraiwa T. Factors underlying genotypic differences in the induction of photosynthesis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:685-93. [PMID: 26538465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Crop leaves are subject to continually changing light levels in the field. Photosynthetic efficiency of a crop canopy and productivity will depend significantly on how quickly a leaf can acclimate to a change. One measure of speed of response is the rate of photosynthesis increase toward its steady state on transition from low to high light. This rate was measured for seven genotypes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. After 10 min of illumination, cultivar 'UA4805' (UA) had achieved a leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn ) of 23.2 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1) , close to its steady-state rate, while the slowest cultivar 'Tachinagaha' (Tc) had only reached 13.0 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1) and was still many minutes from obtaining steady state. This difference was further investigated by examining induction at a range of carbon dioxide concentrations. Applying a biochemical model of limitations to photosynthesis to the responses of Pn to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), it was found that the speed of apparent in vivo activation of ribulose-1:5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was responsible for this difference. Sequence analysis of the Rubisco activase gene revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms that could relate to this difference. The results show a potential route for selection of cultivars with increased photosynthetic efficiency in fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Arief Soleh
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- The Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 west Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yuko Nomoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yu Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- The Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 west Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Keiichiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Stephen P Long
- The Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 west Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Hou F, Jin LQ, Zhang ZS, Gao HY. Systemic signalling in photosynthetic induction of Rumex K-1 (Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschaious) leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:685-92. [PMID: 25124181 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid induction of photosynthesis is critical for plants under light-fleck environment. Most previous studies about photosynthetic induction focused upon single leaf, but they did not consider the systemic integrity of plant. Here, we verified whether systemic signalling is involved in photosynthetic induction. Rumex K-1 (Rumex patientia × Rumex tianschaious) plants were grown under light-fleck condition. After whole night dark adaptation, different numbers of leaves (system leaf or SL) were pre-illuminated with light, and then the photosynthetic induction of other leaves (target leaf or TL) was investigated. This study showed that the pre-illumination of SL promoted photosynthetic induction in TL. This promotion was independent of the number of SL, the light intensity on SL and the distance between SL and TL, indicating that this systemic signalling is non-dose-dependent. More interestingly, the photosynthetic induction was promoted by only the pre-illumination of morphological upper leaf rather than the pre-illumination of morphological lower leaf, indicating that the transfer of this signal is directional. The results showed that the transfer of this systemic signalling depends upon the phloem. This systemic signalling helps plants to use light energy more efficiently under light flecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Lawson T, Blatt MR. Stomatal size, speed, and responsiveness impact on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1556-70. [PMID: 24578506 PMCID: PMC3982722 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.237107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and bulk atmosphere by stomata governs CO₂ uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, determining plant productivity and water use efficiency. The balance between these two processes depends on stomatal responses to environmental and internal cues and the synchrony of stomatal behavior relative to mesophyll demands for CO₂. Here we examine the rapidity of stomatal responses with attention to their relationship to photosynthetic CO₂ uptake and the consequences for water use. We discuss the influence of anatomical characteristics on the velocity of changes in stomatal conductance and explore the potential for manipulating the physical as well as physiological characteristics of stomatal guard cells in order to accelerate stomatal movements in synchrony with mesophyll CO₂ demand and to improve water use efficiency without substantial cost to photosynthetic carbon fixation. We conclude that manipulating guard cell transport and metabolism is just as, if not more likely to yield useful benefits as manipulations of their physical and anatomical characteristics. Achieving these benefits should be greatly facilitated by quantitative systems analysis that connects directly the molecular properties of the guard cells to their function in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom (T.L.); and
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
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Way DA, Pearcy RW. Sunflecks in trees and forests: from photosynthetic physiology to global change biology. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:1066-81. [PMID: 22887371 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sunflecks are brief, intermittent periods of high photon flux density (PFD) that can significantly improve carbon gain in shaded forest understories and lower canopies of trees. In this review, we discuss the physiological basis of leaf-level responses to sunflecks and the mechanisms plants use to tolerate sudden changes in PFD and leaf temperature induced by sunflecks. We also examine the potential effects of climate change stresses (including elevated temperatures, rising CO(2) concentrations and drought) on the ability of tree species to use sunflecks, and advocate more research to improve our predictions of seedling and tree carbon gain in future climates. Lastly, while we have the ability to model realistic responses of photosynthesis to fluctuating PFD, dynamic responses of photosynthesis to sunflecks are not accounted for in current models of canopy carbon uptake, which can lead to substantial overestimates of forest carbon fixation. Since sunflecks are a critical component of seasonal carbon gain for shaded leaves, sunfleck regimes and physiological responses to sunflecks should be incorporated into models to more accurately capture forest carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Pearcy RW, Way DA. Two decades of sunfleck research: looking back to move forward. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:1059-61. [PMID: 22977203 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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