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Lovreškov L, Radojčić Redovniković I, Limić I, Potočić N, Seletković I, Marušić M, Jurinjak Tušek A, Jakovljević T, Butorac L. Are Foliar Nutrition Status and Indicators of Oxidative Stress Associated with Tree Defoliation of Four Mediterranean Forest Species? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3484. [PMID: 36559596 PMCID: PMC9788295 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Croatia are of very high significance because of the ecological functions they provide. This region is highly sensitive to abiotic stresses such as air pollution, high sunlight, and high temperatures alongside dry periods; therefore, it is important to monitor the state of these forest ecosystems and how they respond to these stresses. This study was conducted on trees in situ and focused on the four most important forest species in the Mediterranean region in Croatia: pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.), holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold.). Trees were selected and divided into two groups: trees with defoliation of >25% (defoliated) and trees with defoliation of ≤25% (undefoliated). Leaves and needles were collected from selected trees. Differences in chlorophyll content, hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, non-specific peroxidase), and nutrient content between the defoliated and undefoliated trees of the examined species were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences for all species between the defoliated and undefoliated trees for at least one of the examined parameters. A principal component analysis showed that the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase can be an indicator of oxidative stress caused by ozone. By using oxidative stress indicators, it is possible to determine whether the trees are under stress even before visual damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Lovreškov
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Limić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nenad Potočić
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Ivan Seletković
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Mia Marušić
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jakovljević
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Lukrecija Butorac
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Wei X, Jahan I, Hasanuzzaman M, Sabuj ZH, Zulfiqar F, Chen J, Iqbal R, Dastogeer KMG, Sohag AAM, Tonny SH, Hamid I, Al-Ashkar I, Mirzapour M, El Sabagh A, Murata Y. Exogenous nitric oxide promotes salinity tolerance in plants: A meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957735. [PMID: 36420041 PMCID: PMC9676926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has received much attention since it can boost plant defense mechanisms, and plenty of studies have shown that exogenous NO improves salinity tolerance in plants. However, because of the wide range of experimental settings, it is difficult to assess the administration of optimal dosages, frequency, timing, and method of application and the overall favorable effects of NO on growth and yield improvements. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to reveal the exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms and to understand the influence of plant-related or method-related factors on NO-mediated salt tolerance. Exogenous application of NO significantly influenced biomass accumulation, growth, and yield irrespective of salinity stress. According to this analysis, seed priming and foliar pre-treatment were the most effective methods of NO application to plants. Moreover, one-time and regular intervals of NO treatment were more beneficial for plant growth. The optimum concentration of NO ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 mM, and it alleviates salinity stress up to 150 mM NaCl. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of NO treatment was more pronounced as salinity stress was prolonged (>21 days). This meta-analysis showed that NO supplementation was significantly applicable at germination and seedling stages. Interestingly, exogenous NO treatment boosted plant growth most efficiently in dicots. This meta-analysis showed that exogenous NO alleviates salt-induced oxidative damage and improves plant growth and yield potential by regulating osmotic balance, mineral homeostasis, photosynthetic machinery, the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and the antioxidant defense mechanism. Our analysis pointed out several research gaps, such as lipid metabolism regulation, reproductive stage performance, C4 plant responses, field-level yield impact, and economic profitability of farmers in response to exogenous NO, which need to be evaluated in the subsequent investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Hasan Sabuj
- Breeding Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hamid
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Mirzapour
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Lo Piccolo E, Landi M, Massai R, Remorini D, Guidi L. Girled-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red-leafed Prunus cerasifera: Effect on photosynthesis, photoprotection and sugar metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110456. [PMID: 32234225 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The feedback regulation of photosynthesis depends on the cooperation of multiple signals, including sugars. Herein, the effect of shoot girdling was monitored on a daily basis for three days in green- and red-leafed Prunus cerasifera plants (GLP and RLP, respectively). The effect of anthocyanin presence was investigated in terms of photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and photoprotection. Net photosynthesis (A390) and stomatal conductance were reduced on the first day at 12:00 only in the girdled GLP (29 and 33 %, respectively). Moreover, the girdled GLP displayed at 12:00 higher sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations than control leaves. Conversely, girdled RLP showed the first reduction of A390 at 18:00, with no significant differences at 12:00 in sucrose and glucose concentrations. The increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins that was only detected in girdled RLP contributed to lowering the accumulation of hexoses. Overall, these results revealed a sugar-buffering role exerted by anthocyanins that positively influence the feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Moreover, non-photochemical quenching, namely pNPQ, revealed the ability of anthocyanins to photoprotect photosystem II from supernumerary photons reaching the chloroplast, whose function was compromised by girdling. The present study provides a starting point to understand the possible link between photosynthesis regulation through sugar signalling and anthocyanin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermes Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rossano Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Marchica A, Loré S, Cotrozzi L, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Remorini D. Early Detection of Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) Responses to Ozone Using Reflectance Spectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E346. [PMID: 31547452 PMCID: PMC6784234 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in techniques to rapidly and non-destructively detect the impact of tropospheric ozone (O3) on crops are required. This study demonstrates the capability of full-range (350-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy to characterize responses of asymptomatic sage leaves under an acute O3 exposure (200 ppb for 5 h). Using partial least squares regression, spectral models were developed for the estimation of several traits related to photosynthesis, the oxidative pressure induced by O3, and the antioxidant mechanisms adopted by plants to cope with the pollutant. Physiological traits were well predicted by spectroscopic models (average model goodness-of-fit for validation (R2): 0.65-0.90), whereas lower prediction performances were found for biochemical traits (R2: 0.42-0.71). Furthermore, even in the absence of visible symptoms, comparing the full-range spectral profiles, it was possible to distinguish with accuracy plants exposed to charcoal-filtered air from those exposed to O3. An O3 effect on sage spectra was detectable from 1 to 5 h from the beginning of the exposure, but ozonated plants quickly recovered after the fumigation. This O3-tolerance was confirmed by trends of vegetation indices and leaf traits derived from spectra, further highlighting the capability of reflectance spectroscopy to early detect the responses of crops to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marchica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Loré
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Natali L, Vangelisti A, Guidi L, Remorini D, Cotrozzi L, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Trivellini A, Vernieri P, Landi M, Cavallini A, Giordani T. How Quercus ilex L. saplings face combined salt and ozone stress: a transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:872. [PMID: 30514212 PMCID: PMC6278050 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to other urban trees, holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.) provide a physiological, ecological and social service in the urban environment, since they remove atmospheric pollution. However, the urban environment has several abiotic factors that negatively influence plant life, which are further exacerbated due to climate change, especially in the Mediterranean area. Among these abiotic factors, increased uptake of Na + and Cl - usually occurs in trees in the urban ecosystem; moreover, an excess of the tropospheric ozone concentration in Mediterranean cities further affects plant growth and survival. Here, we produced and annotated a de novo leaf transcriptome of Q. ilex as well as transcripts over- or under-expressed after a single episode of O3 (80 nl l-1, 5 h), a salt treatment (150 mM for 15 days) or a combination of these treatments, mimicking a situation that plants commonly face, especially in urban environments. RESULTS Salinity dramatically changed the profile of expressed transcripts, while the short O3 pulse had less effect on the transcript profile. However, the short O3 pulse had a very strong effect in inducing over- or under-expression of some genes in plants coping with soil salinity. Many differentially regulated genes were related to stress sensing and signalling, cell wall remodelling, ROS sensing and scavenging, photosynthesis and to sugar and lipid metabolism. Most differentially expressed transcripts revealed here are in accordance with a previous report on Q. ilex at the physiological and biochemical levels, even though the expression profiles were overall more striking than those found at the biochemical and physiological levels. CONCLUSIONS We produced for the first time a reference transcriptome for Q. ilex, and performed gene expression analysis for this species when subjected to salt, ozone and a combination of the two. The comparison of gene expression between the combined salt + ozone treatment and salt or ozone alone showed that even though many differentially expressed genes overlap all treatments, combined stress triggered a unique response in terms of gene expression modification. The obtained results represent a useful tool for studies aiming to investigate the effects of environmental stresses in urban-adapted tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Natali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Lo Piccolo E, Landi M, Pellegrini E, Agati G, Giordano C, Giordani T, Lorenzini G, Malorgio F, Massai R, Nali C, Rallo G, Remorini D, Vernieri P, Guidi L. Multiple Consequences Induced by Epidermally-Located Anthocyanins in Young, Mature and Senescent Leaves of Prunus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:917. [PMID: 30013588 PMCID: PMC6036500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanic morphs are generally less efficient in terms of carbon gain, but, in turn, are more photoprotected than anthocyanin-less ones. To date, mature leaves of different morphs or leaves at different developmental stages within the same species have generally been compared, whereas there is a lack of knowledge regarding different stages of development of red vs. green leaves. Leaves (1-, 7-, and 13-week-old) of red- (RLP) and green-leafed (GLP) Prunus in terms of photosynthetic rate, carbon metabolism and photoprotective mechanisms were compared to test whether anthocyanin-equipped leaves perform better than anthocyanin-less leaves and whether photoprotection is the primary role of epidermally-located anthocyanins, using for the first time a recently-developed parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence (qPd). GLP leaves had a higher photosynthetic rate in 1- and 7-week-old leaves, but RLP leaves performed better at an early stage of senescence and had a longer leaf lifespan. Anthocyanins contributed to leaf photoprotection throughout the leaf development, but were tightly coordinated with carotenoids. Besides photoprotecting, we propose that epidermal anthocyanins may be principally synthetized to maintain an efficient carbon-sink strength in young and senescent leaves, thus extending the RLP leaf lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermes Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agati
- “Nello Carrara” Institute of Applied Physics, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Malorgio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossano Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rallo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Cotrozzi L, Campanella A, Pellegrini E, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Paoletti E. Phenylpropanoids are key players in the antioxidant defense to ozone of European ash, Fraxinus excelsior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8137-8147. [PMID: 27995504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and biochemical responses to ozone (O3) (150 ppb, 8 h day-1, 35 consecutive days) of two Italian provenances (Piedmont and Tuscany) of Fraxinus excelsior L. were evaluated, with special attention to the role of phenylpropanoids. Our results indicate (i) the high O3 sensitivity especially of Piedmont provenance (in terms of visible injury, water status, and photosynthetic apparatus); (ii) although the intra-specific sensitivity to O3 between provenances differs (mainly due to different stomatal behaviors since only Tuscany plants partially avoided the uptake of the pollutant gas), both provenances showed detoxification and defense mechanisms; (iii) the crucial participation of phenylpropanoids, with a key role played by flavonoids (especially quercitrin): among this class of metabolites, isoquercitrin is the principal player in the lower O3 sensitivity of Tuscany plants, together with lignins; (iv) although coumarins (typical compounds of Fraxinus) were severely depressed by O3, isofraxidin was triggered suggesting a key role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, as well as trans-chalcone. Furthermore, the different behavior of verbascoside and oleuropein among provenances lead us to speculate on their influence in the tentatively repair or acclimation shown by Piedmont plants at the end of the exposure. Finally, the intra-specific O3 sensitivity may be also due to de novo peaks triggered by O3 not yet associated to some chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanella
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Cotrozzi L, Pellegrini E, Guidi L, Landi M, Lorenzini G, Massai R, Remorini D, Tonelli M, Trivellini A, Vernieri P, Nali C. Losing the Warning Signal: Drought Compromises the Cross-Talk of Signaling Molecules in Quercus ilex Exposed to Ozone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1020. [PMID: 28674543 PMCID: PMC5475409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between drought and acute ozone (O3) stress in terms of signaling molecules and cell death would improve the predictions of plant responses to climate change. The aim was to investigate whether drought stress influences the responses of plants to acute episodes of O3 exposure. In this study, the behavior of 84 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex plants was evaluated in terms of cross-talk responses among signaling molecules. Half of the sample was subjected to drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration, for 15 days) and was later exposed to an acute O3 exposure (200 nL L-1 for 5 h). First, our results indicate that in well-water conditions, O3 induced a signaling pathway specific to O3-sensitive behavior. Second, different trends and consequently different roles of phytohormones and signaling molecules (ethylene, ET; abscisic acid, ABA; salycilic acid, SA and jasmonic acid, JA) were observed in relation to water stress and O3. A spatial and functional correlation between these signaling molecules was observed in modulating O3-induced responses in well-watered plants. In contrast, in drought-stressed plants, these compounds were not involved either in O3-induced signaling mechanisms or in leaf senescence (a response observed in water-stressed plants before the O3-exposure). Third, these differences were ascribable to the fact that in drought conditions, most defense processes induced by O3 were compromised and/or altered. Our results highlight how Q. ilex plants suffering from water deprivation respond differently to an acute O3 episode compared to well-watered plants, and suggest new effect to be considered in plant responses to environmental changes. This poses the serious question as to whether or not multiple high-magnitude O3 events (as predicted) can change these cross-talk responses, thus opening it up possible further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Rossano Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Tonelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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