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Hussain A, Jamil MA, Abid K, Chen L, Khan K, Duan W, Alam T, Riaz U. Variations in soil phosphorus fractionations in different water-stable aggregates under litter and inorganic fertilizer treatment in Korean pine plantation and its natural forest. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17261. [PMID: 37389077 PMCID: PMC10300375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil aggregation in forest ecosystem is considered as a significant physical process mainly influenced by manure, fertilizers or combination. This aggregation may directly alter the soil nutrient and their fractions in soil. So, soil samples were collected from two types of forests i.e. Natural Korean pine forests (NKPF) and Korean pine plantation (KPP) in order to know the quantities of organic and inorganic Phosphorus (P) amounts in different aggregate sizes viz. >5 mm, 2-5 mm, 0.25-2 mm, <0.25 mm under forest litter and synthetic fertilizer application below the treatments as undisturbed soil (CK), removed litter (RL), altered litter (AL) while the fertilizer treatments were as control; C: (No added N and P,), L: low (5 g N m-2 a-1 + 5 g P m-2 a-1), M: medium (15 g N m-2 a-1 + 10 g P m-2 a-1) and H: high concentration (30 g N m-2 a-1 + 20 g P m-2 a-1), respectively. The results showed that H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, Residual Pi, SOC were highest retained in larger soil aggregates (>5 mm) and decreased with the decreasing aggregate size, while other variables, i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, pH and T-N were not affected in aggregate size. H2O-Pi (48 ppm), NaHCO3-Pi (68 ppm), NaHCO3-Po (80 ppm), NaOH-Po (623 ppm), HCL-Po (67 ppm), SOC (20.36 ± 1.6) was estimated in medium fertilizer treatment. PCA analysis showed that spread/variance of data points on F1 (62.90%) is more than spread/variance of data points on F2 (57.74%) in NKPF and KPP, respectively, while correlation matrix showed high correlation between H2O-Pi and NaOH-Pi (0.63) and H2O-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi (0.63) while a strong negative correlation was present between Res-Pi and Po (-0.61). Moreover, litter inputs increased the organic-P fractions in soil particularly at medium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Hussain
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Jamil
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kulsoom Abid
- Department of Natural Resource Management (NRM), National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kashif Khan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenbiao Duan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tajwar Alam
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Umair Riaz
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan-60000, Pakistan
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Starr M, Klein T, Gross A. Direct foliar acquisition of desert dust phosphorus fertilizes forest trees despite reducing photosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:794-804. [PMID: 36795040 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability to forest trees is often limited by local soil conditions that increase its fixation to soil minerals. In certain regions, atmospheric-P inputs can compensate for low soil-P availability. Among atmospheric-P sources, desert dust is the most dominant. However, the effects of desert dust on P nutrition and its uptake mechanisms by forest trees are currently unknown. We hypothesized that forest trees that naturally grow on P-poor soils or soils with high soil-P fixation capacity can acquire P from desert dust deposited on their leaves via direct foliar uptake, bypassing the soil, thus promoting tree growth and productivity. We performed a controlled greenhouse experiment with three forest tree species: Palestine Oak (Quercus calliprinos) and Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), native to the NE edge of the Saharan desert, and Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius), native to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, which is located on the western part of the trans-Atlantic Saharan dust route. To simulate natural dust deposition events, the trees had desert dust applied directly upon their foliage and were monitored for growth and final biomass, P levels, leaf surface pH and the rate of photosynthesis. The dust treatment increased the P concentration significantly by 33-37% in Ceratonia and Schinus trees. On the other hand, trees that received the dust displayed a 17-58% reduction in biomass, probably related to particle coverage of the leaf surface that inhibited photosynthesis by 17-30%. Overall, our findings show that direct P uptake from desert dust can be an alternative P uptake pathway for multiple tree species under P-deficient conditions, with implications for forest trees' P economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Starr
- The Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, David Ben Gurion Blvd 1, Be'er Sheva, P.O.B. 653, Israel
- The Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, P.O.B 26, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- The Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, P.O.B 26, Israel
| | - Avner Gross
- The Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, David Ben Gurion Blvd 1, Be'er Sheva, P.O.B. 653, Israel
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Teglia A, Di Baccio D, Matteucci G, Scartazza A, De Cinti B, Mazzenga F, Ravaioli D, Muzzi E, Marcolini G, Magnani F. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the nutritional and physiological status of beech forests at two climatic contrasting sites in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155362. [PMID: 35460784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a significant increase of reactive nitrogen (N) compounds in the atmosphere and a rise in N deposition on forest ecosystems. Increasing N loads impact forest productivity and health, altering tree physiological status and nutrient balance with possible beneficial and detrimental consequences. The impact of N deposition has received considerable attention by scientific research, covering medium and high latitudes, while experimental studies in the Mediterranean area are almost absent. The present study used a manipulative approach, through replicated N additions (background deposition, 30, 60 kg N ha-1yr-1) to simulate the cumulative effects of N deposition in two beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) forests located in contrasting climatic regions of Italy. Leaf nutrients and photosynthetic pigments were tested as monitoring indicators after four years of N fertilization. Foliar N and pigment concentrations indicated not limiting N conditions at both forest sites, although changes in chlorophylls and carotenoids showed an early response of the canopy to N additions. N-to-phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) ratios increased under elevated N fertilization, which could be partly related to the relative enhancement of foliar N concentration, and partly associated with the reduction of foliar P and S. The two eutrophic beech forests monitored were not severely affected by chronic N addition, not showing critical nutritional and physiological impairments over the short to medium period. However, the modifications in leaf nutrient and pigment compositions showed an incipient stress response and accentuated the differences induced by climatic and soil characteristics at the two sites. The potential use of nutrients and photosynthetic pigments in monitoring forest N deposition under contrasting climatic conditions and the eventual limits of manipulative experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Teglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno De Cinti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Salaria km 29,300, Montelibretti, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzenga
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome
| | - Dario Ravaioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Muzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Graziella Marcolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Magnani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
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The Genetic Basis of Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Plants Provide New Insight into Woody Perennial Plants Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042353. [PMID: 35216469 PMCID: PMC8877309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil nutrient restrictions are the main environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, yield, and quality. Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient, is one of the most significant factors that vastly restrains the growth and development of plants. Although the total P is rich in soil, its bio-available concentration is still unable to meet the requirements of plants. To maintain P homeostasis, plants have developed lots of intricate responsive and acclimatory mechanisms at different levels, which contribute to administering the acquisition of inorganic phosphate (Pi), translocation, remobilization, and recycling of Pi. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the exploration of the utilization of P in annual plants, while the research progress in woody perennial plants is still vague. In the meanwhile, compared to annual plants, relevant reviews about P utilization in woody perennial plants are scarce. Therefore, based on the importance of P in the growth and development of plants, we briefly reviewed the latest advances on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plants to uphold P homeostasis, P sensing, and signaling, ion transporting and metabolic regulation, and proposed the possible sustainable management strategies to fasten the P cycle in modern agriculture and new directions for future studies.
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Oyedeji S, Agboola OO, Animasaun DA, Ogunkunle CO, Fatoba PO. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment potentials from litter fall in selected greenbelt species during a seasonal transition in Nigeria’s savanna. Trop Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-021-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clausing S, Pena R, Song B, Müller K, Mayer-Gruner P, Marhan S, Grafe M, Schulz S, Krüger J, Lang F, Schloter M, Kandeler E, Polle A. Carbohydrate depletion in roots impedes phosphorus nutrition in young forest trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2611-2624. [PMID: 33128821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient imbalances cause the deterioration of tree health in European forests, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of decreasing root carbohydrate reserves for phosphorus (P) mobilisation and uptake by forest trees. In P-rich and P-poor beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, naturally grown, young trees were girdled and used to determine root, ectomycorrhizal and microbial activities related to P mobilisation in the organic layer and mineral topsoil in comparison with those in nongirdled trees. After girdling, root carbohydrate reserves decreased. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities linking carbon and P metabolism increased. Root and ectomycorrhizal phosphatase activities and the abundances of bacterial genes catalysing major steps in P turnover increased, but soil enzymes involved in P mobilisation were unaffected. The physiological responses to girdling were stronger in P-poor than in P-rich forests. P uptake was decreased after girdling. The soluble and total P concentrations in roots were stable, but fine root biomass declined after girdling. Our results support that carbohydrate depletion results in reduced P uptake, enhanced internal P remobilisation and root biomass trade-off to compensate for the P shortage. As reductions in root biomass render trees more susceptible to drought, our results link tree deterioration with disturbances in the P supply as a consequence of decreased belowground carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Clausing
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Bin Song
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Karolin Müller
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Paula Mayer-Gruner
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Martin Grafe
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jaane Krüger
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, Freiburg (i. Br.), 79085, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analyses, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Jiang M, Caldararu S, Zhang H, Fleischer K, Crous KY, Yang J, De Kauwe MG, Ellsworth DS, Reich PB, Tissue DT, Zaehle S, Medlyn BE. Low phosphorus supply constrains plant responses to elevated CO 2 : A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5856-5873. [PMID: 32654340 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macro-nutrient required for plant metabolism and growth. Low P availability could potentially limit plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), but consensus has yet to be reached on the extent of this limitation. Here, based on data from experiments that manipulated both CO2 and P for young individuals of woody and non-woody species, we present a meta-analysis of P limitation impacts on plant growth, physiological, and morphological response to eCO2 . We show that low P availability attenuated plant photosynthetic response to eCO2 by approximately one-quarter, leading to a reduced, but still positive photosynthetic response to eCO2 compared to those under high P availability. Furthermore, low P limited plant aboveground, belowground, and total biomass responses to eCO2 , by 14.7%, 14.3%, and 12.4%, respectively, equivalent to an approximate halving of the eCO2 responses observed under high P availability. In comparison, low P availability did not significantly alter the eCO2 -induced changes in plant tissue nutrient concentration, suggesting tissue nutrient flexibility is an important mechanism allowing biomass response to eCO2 under low P availability. Low P significantly reduced the eCO2 -induced increase in leaf area by 14.3%, mirroring the aboveground biomass response, but low P did not affect the eCO2 -induced increase in root length. Woody plants exhibited stronger attenuation effect of low P on aboveground biomass response to eCO2 than non-woody plants, while plants with different mycorrhizal associations showed similar responses to low P and eCO2 interaction. This meta-analysis highlights crucial data gaps in capturing plant responses to eCO2 and low P availability. Field-based experiments with longer-term exposure of both CO2 and P manipulations are critically needed to provide ecosystem-scale understanding. Taken together, our results provide a quantitative baseline to constrain model-based hypotheses of plant responses to eCO2 under P limitation, thereby improving projections of future global change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Scheerer U, Netzer F, Bauer AF, Herschbach C. Measurements of 18 O-P i uptake indicate fast metabolism of phosphate in tree roots. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:565-570. [PMID: 30311347 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) nutrition of beech ecosystems depends on soil processes, plant internal P cycling and P acquisition. P uptake of trees in the field is currently not validated due to the lack of an experimental approach applicable in natural forests. Application of radiolabelled tracers such as 33 P and 32 P is limited to special research sites and not allowed in natural environments. Moreover, only one stable isotope of P, namely 31 P, exists. One alternative tool to measure P acquisition in the field could be the use of 18 O-labelled 31 P-phosphate (31 P18 O4 3- ). Phosphate (Pi ) uptake rates calculated from the 18 O enrichment of dried root material after application of 31 Pi 18 O4 3- via nutrient solution was always lower compared to 33 P incorporation, did not show increasing rates of Pi uptake at P deficiency under controlled conditions, and did not reveal seasonal fluctuations in the field. Consequently, a clear correlation between 33 P-based and 18 O-based Pi uptake by roots could not be established. Comparison of Pi uptake rates achieved from 33 P-Pi and 18 O-Pi application led to the conclusion of high Pi metabolism in roots after Pi uptake. The replacement of 18 O by 16 O from water in 18 O-Pi during root influx, but most probably after Pi uptake into roots, due to metabolic activities, indicates high and fast turnover of Pi . Hence, the use of 18 O-Pi as an alternative tool to estimate Pi acquisition of trees in the field must consider the increase of 18 O abundance in root water that was disregarded in dried root material.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A F Bauer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Meller S, Frossard E, Luster J. Phosphorus Allocation to Leaves of Beech Saplings Reacts to Soil Phosphorus Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:744. [PMID: 31244871 PMCID: PMC6563415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing phosphorus (P) concentrations in leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across Europe raise the question about the implications for forest health. Considering the distribution of beech forests on soils encompassing a broad range of nutrient availability, we hypothesized that this tree species exhibits high phenotypic plasticity allowing it to alter mass, and nutrient allocation in response to local nutrient availability. To test this, we grew two groups of 12-15 year old beech saplings originating from sites with high and low soil P availability for 2 years in mineral soil from their own site and in soil from the other site. After two growing seasons, P concentrations in leaves and stem, as well as mass allocation to leaves and fine roots were affected by both soil and plant origin. By contrast, relative P allocation to leaves and fine roots, as well as P concentrations in fine roots, were determined almost entirely by the experimental soil. Independent of the P nutritional status defined as average concentration of P in the whole plant, which still clearly reflected the soil conditions at the site of plant origin, relative P allocation to leaves was a particularly good indicator of P availability in the experimental soil. Furthermore, a high plasticity of this plant trait was indicated by a large difference between plants growing in the two experimental soils. This suggests a strong ability of beech to alter resource allocation in response to specific soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Meller
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Luster
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Jiang M, Caldararu S, Zaehle S, Ellsworth DS, Medlyn BE. Towards a more physiological representation of vegetation phosphorus processes in land surface models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1223-1229. [PMID: 30659603 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1223 I. Introduction 1223 II. Photosynthesis and respiration 1224 III. Biomass growth 1224 IV. Carbon allocation 1225 V. Plant internal P redistribution 1226 VI. Plant P uptake 1227 VII. Conclusion 1227 Acknowledgements 1228 References 1228 SUMMARY: Our ability to understand the effect of nutrient limitation on ecosystem productivity is key to the prediction of future terrestrial carbon storage. Significant progress has been made to include phosphorus (P) cycle processes in land surface models (LSMs), but these efforts are focused on the soil component of the P cycle. Incorporating the soil component is important to estimate plant-available P, but does not necessarily address the vegetation response to P limitation or plant-soil interactions. A more detailed representation of plant P processes is needed to link nutrient availability and ecosystem productivity. We review physiological and biochemical evidence for vegetation responses to P availability, and recommend ways to move towards a more physiological representation of vegetation P processes in LSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Silvia Caldararu
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 60 01 64, 07701, Jena, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 60 01 64, 07701, Jena, Germany
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Dirks I, Köhler J, Rachmilevitch S, Meier IC. The Phosphorus Economy of Mediterranean Oak Saplings Under Global Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 31024583 PMCID: PMC6459984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While a severe decrease in phosphorus (P) availability is already taking place in a large number of ecosystems, drought and nitrogen (N) deposition will likely further decrease the availability of P under global change. Plants have developed physiological strategies to cope with decreasing P resources, but it is unclear how these strategies respond to elevated N deposition and summer droughts. We investigated the influence of N and P availability and soil drought on P uptake (H3 33PO4 feeding experiment) and use efficiencies in young Quercus calliprinos Webb. trees. We hypothesized that (H1) the expected increases in soil N:P ratios will increase the efficiencies of P uptake and use of oak saplings but will decrease the efficiencies of N uptake and use, whereas (H2) drought will affect P uptake efficiency more than N uptake efficiency. In confirmation of (H1) we found that a sharp increase of the soil N:P ratio from 4 to 42 g g-1 significantly increased the instantaneous 33P uptake efficiency (33PUptakeE) by five-fold and long-term P uptake efficiency (PUptakeE) by six-fold, while it decreased N uptake efficiency (NUptakeE) and N use efficiency (NUE). In contradiction to (H1), P use efficiency (PUE) did not respond to the simulated extended gradient of soil N:P ratios but remained relatively constant. (H2) was only partially confirmed as soil drought reduced PUptakeE by up to a fourth at high soil N:P ratios but had no significant effect on NUptakeE. As a consequence, increasing summer droughts may decrease the response of PUptakeE to increasing P limitation, which - in the absence of adjustments of the efficiency of P use - can aggravate growth reductions in this eastern Mediterranean tree species under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dirks
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Julia Köhler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Gautier A, Cookson SJ, Hevin C, Vivin P, Lauvergeat V, Mollier A. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency and phosphorus remobilization mediate genotype-specific differences in shoot phosphorus content in grapevine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1742-1751. [PMID: 29982794 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is limited by phosphorus (P) and this will probably increase in the future. Rootstocks offer a means to increase the sustainability and nutrient efficiency of agriculture. It is known that rootstocks alter petiole P concentrations in grapevine. The objective of this work was to determine which functional processes are involved in genotype-specific differences in scion P content by quantifying P uptake, P remobilization from the reserves in the cutting and P allocation within the plant in three grapevine genotypes. Cuttings of two American rootstocks and one European scion variety were grown in sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution containing either high P (0.6 mM) or low P (0 mM). The high P solution was labelled with 32P throughout the experiment. The grapevine genotypes studied show variation in the inhibition of shoot and root biomass in response to low P supply, and P supply also affected shoot, but not root, P concentrations. Genotype-specific differences in total P content were related to differences in P acquisition and utilization efficiencies (PAE and PUE, respectively). Phosphorus allocation within the plant was not affected by genotype or P supply. The rootstock genotype known to confer high petiole P content in the vineyard was associated with a high PAE under high P, and a high PUE under low P. This suggests that the petiole P concentrations in the vineyard are related to genotype-specific differences in PAE and PUE, and that these traits could be used for rootstock selection programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gautier
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cyril Hevin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Virginie Lauvergeat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Watanabe M, Netzer F, Tohge T, Orf I, Brotman Y, Dubbert D, Fernie AR, Rennenberg H, Hoefgen R, Herschbach C. Metabolome and Lipidome Profiles of Populus × canescens Twig Tissues During Annual Growth Show Phospholipid-Linked Storage and Mobilization of C, N, and S. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1292. [PMID: 30233628 PMCID: PMC6133996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The temperate climax tree species Fagus sylvatica and the floodplain tree species Populus × canescens possess contrasting phosphorus (P) nutrition strategies. While F. sylvatica has been documented to display P storage and mobilization (Netzer et al., 2017), this was not observed for Populus × canescens (Netzer et al., 2018b). Nevertheless, changes in the abundance of organic bound P in gray poplar trees indicated adaptation of the P nutrition to different needs during annual growth. The present study aimed at characterizing seasonal changes in metabolite and lipid abundances in gray poplar and uncovering differences in metabolite requirement due to specific needs depending on the season. Seasonal variations in the abundance of (i) sugar-Ps and phospholipids, (ii) amino acids, (iii) sulfur compounds, and (iv) carbon metabolites were expected. It was hypothesized that seasonal changes in metabolite levels relate to N, S, and C storage and mobilization. Changes in organic metabolites binding Pi (Porg) are supposed to support these processes. Variation in triacylglycerols, in sugar-phosphates, in metabolites of the TCA cycle and in the amino acid abundance of poplar twig buds, leaves, bark, and wood were found to be linked to changes in metabolite abundances as well as to C, N, and S storage and mobilization processes. The observed changes support the view of a lack of any P storage in poplar. Yet, during dormancy, contents of phospholipids in twig bark and wood were highest probably due to frost-hardening and to its function in extra-plastidic membranes such as amyloplasts, oleosomes, and protein bodies. Consistent with this assumption, in spring sugar-Ps increased when phospholipids declined and poplar plants entering the vegetative growth period and, hence, metabolic activity increases. These results indicate that poplar trees adopt a policy of P nutrition without P storage and mobilization that is different from their N- and S-nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Isabel Orf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - David Dubbert
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Changes in Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass after Revegetation in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Zavišić A, Yang N, Marhan S, Kandeler E, Polle A. Forest Soil Phosphorus Resources and Fertilization Affect Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition, Beech P Uptake Efficiency, and Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:463. [PMID: 29706979 PMCID: PMC5908982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient, whose plant-available form phosphate is often low in natural forest ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi mine the soil for P and supply their host with this resource. It is unknown how ectomycorrhizal communities respond to changes in P availability. Here, we used young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees in natural forest soil from a P-rich and P-poor site to investigate the impact of P amendment on soil microbes, mycorrhizas, beech P nutrition, and photosynthesis. We hypothesized that addition of P to forest soil increased P availability, thereby, leading to enhanced microbial biomass and mycorrhizal diversity in P-poor but not in P-rich soil. We expected that P amendment resulted in increased plant P uptake and enhanced photosynthesis in both soil types. Young beech trees with intact soil cores from a P-rich and a P-poor forest were kept in a common garden experiment and supplied once in fall with triple superphosphate. In the following summer, labile P in the organic layer, but not in the mineral top soil, was significantly increased in response to fertilizer treatment. P-rich soil contained higher microbial biomass than P-poor soil. P treatment had no effect on microbial biomass but influenced the mycorrhizal communities in P-poor soil and shifted their composition toward higher similarities to those in P-rich soil. Plant uptake efficiency was negatively correlated with the diversity of mycorrhizal communities and highest for trees in P-poor soil and lowest for fertilized trees. In both soil types, radioactive P tracing (H333PO4) revealed preferential aboveground allocation of new P in fertilized trees, resulting in increased bound P in xylem tissue and enhanced soluble P in bark, indicating increased storage and transport. Fertilized beeches from P-poor soil showed a strong increase in leaf P concentrations from deficient to luxurious conditions along with increased photosynthesis. Based on the divergent behavior of beech in P-poor and P-rich forest soil, we conclude that acclimation of beech to low P stocks involves dedicated mycorrhizal community structures, low P reserves in storage tissues and photosynthetic inhibition, while storage and aboveground allocation of additional P occurs regardless of the P nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljosa Zavišić
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Yang
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory for Radio-Isotopes, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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