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Arco Molina JG, Saurer M, Altmanova N, Treydte K, Dolezal J, Song JS, Altman J. Recent warming and increasing CO2 stimulate growth of dominant trees under no water limitation in South Korea. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae103. [PMID: 39151030 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Increases in temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration influence the growth performance of trees worldwide. The direction and intensity of tree growth and physiological responses to changing climate do, however, vary according to environmental conditions. Here we present complex, long-term, tree-physiological responses to unprecedented temperature increase in East Asia. For this purpose, we studied radial growth and isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) variations using tree-ring data for the past 100 yr of dominant Quercus mongolica trees from the cool-temperate forests from Hallasan, South Korea. Overall, we found that tree stem basal area increment, intercellular CO2 concentration and intrinsic water-use efficiency significantly increased over the last century. We observed, however, short-term variability in the trends of these variables among four periods identified by change point analysis. In comparison, δ18O did not show significant changes over time, suggesting no major hydrological changes in this precipitation-rich area. The strength and direction of growth-climate relationships also varied during the past 100 yr. Basal area increment (BAI) did not show significant relationships with the climate over the 1924-1949 and 1975-1999 periods. However, over 1950-1974, BAI was negatively affected by both temperature and precipitation, while after 2000, a temperature stimulus was observed. Finally, over the past two decades, the increase in Q. mongolica tree growth accelerated and was associated with high spring-summer temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations and decreasing intrinsic water-use efficiency, δ18O and vapour pressure deficit, suggesting that the photosynthetic rate continued increasing under no water limitations. Our results indicate that the performance of dominant trees of one of the most widely distributed species in East Asia has benefited from recent global changes, mainly over the past two decades. Such findings are essential for projections of forest dynamics and carbon sequestration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Nela Altmanova
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jong-Suk Song
- College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Urrutia-Jalabert R, Barichivich J, Szejner P, Rozas V, Lara A. Ecophysiological responses of Nothofagus obliqua forests to recent climate drying across the Mediterranean-Temperate biome transition in south-central Chile. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2022; 128:2022jg007293. [PMID: 37484604 PMCID: PMC7614787 DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The forests of south-central Chile are facing a drying climate and a megadrought that started in 2010. This study addressed the physiological responses of five Nothofagus obliqua stands across the Mediterranean-Temperate gradient (35.9 ° -40.3° S) using carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in tree rings during 1967-2017. Moreover, δ18O was evaluated in the northernmost site to better understand the effects of the megadrought in this drier location. These forests have become more efficient in their use of water. However, trees from the densest stand are discriminating more against 13C, probably due to reduced photosynthetic rates associated with increasing competition. The strongest associations between climate and Δ13C were found in the northernmost stand, suggesting that warmer and drier conditions could have reduced 13C discrimination. Tree growth in this site has not decreased, and δ18O was negatively related to annual rainfall. However, a shift in this relationship was found since 2007, when both precipitation and δ18O decreased, while correlations between δ18O and growth increased. This implies that tree growth and δ18O are coupled in recent years, but precipitation is not the cause, suggesting that trees probably changed their water source to deeper and more depleted pools. Our research demonstrates that forests are not reducing their growth in central Chile, mainly due to a shift towards the use of deeper water sources. Despite a common climate trend across the gradient, there is a non-uniform response of N. obliqua forests to climate drying, being their response site specific. Keywords: Tree rings, stable isotopes, tree physiology, climate gradient, megadrought, climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barichivich
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CRNS/CEA/UVSQ, France
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paul Szejner
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria CDMX, México
| | - Vicente Rozas
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Área de Botánica, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Lara
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile
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3
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Puchi PF, Camarero JJ, Battipaglia G, Carrer M. Retrospective analysis of wood anatomical traits and tree-ring isotopes suggests site-specific mechanisms triggering Araucaria araucana drought-induced dieback. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6394-6408. [PMID: 34514686 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2010-2018, Northern Patagonia featured the longest severe drought of the last millennium. This extreme dry spell triggered widespread growth decline and forest dieback. Nonetheless, the roles played by the two major mechanisms driving dieback, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, are still not clear and understudied in this seasonally dry region. Here, for the 1800-2017 period, we apply a retrospective analysis of radial growth, wood anatomical traits (lumen area, cell-wall thickness) and δ13 C and δ18 O stable isotopes to assess dieback causes of the iconic conifer Araucaria araucana. We selected three stands where declining (defoliated) and nondeclining (not defoliated) trees coexisted along a precipitation gradient from the warm-dry Coastal Range to the cool-wet Andes. At all sites declining trees showed lower radial growth and lower theoretical hydraulic conductivity, suggesting a long-lasting process of hydraulic deterioration in their water transport system compared to nondeclining, coexisting trees. Wood anatomical traits evidenced that this divergence between declining and nondeclining trees started at least seven decades before canopy dieback. In the drier stands, declining trees showed higher water-use efficiency (WUE) throughout the whole period, which we attributed to early stomatal closure, suggesting a greater carbon starvation risk consistent with thinner cell walls. In the wettest stand, we found the opposite pattern. Here, a reduction in WUE coupled with thicker cell walls suggested increased carbon assimilation rates and exposure to drought-induced hydraulic failure. The δ18 O values indicated different strategies of gas exchange between sites, which are likely a consequence of microsite conditions and water sources. Multiproxy, retrospective quantifications of xylem anatomical traits and tree-ring isotopes provide a robust tool to identify and forecast, which stands or trees will show dieback or, on the contrary, which will likely withstand and be more resilient to future hotter droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina F Puchi
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali (TESAF), Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Carrer
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali (TESAF), Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Bologna, Italy
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Papú S, Berli F, Piccoli P, Patón D, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Roig FA. Physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of Araucaria araucana seedlings to controlled water restriction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:47-56. [PMID: 34034160 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water stress triggers acclimation responses and can damage plants, which varies by species and stress levels. Ongoing climate change is projected to result in longer and more intense water stress conditions leading to an alarming increase in drought-induced forest decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of leaves and stem wood anatomy from Araucaria araucana pot-grown three-year old seedlings, a conifer tree from northwestern Patagonia. Plants were subjected to moderate and severe water restriction regimes and compared to well-watered controls. Severe water stress reduced relative leaf water content and triggered an accumulation of free proline in leaves, regardless of age. Epicuticular wax extrusions increased in apical leaf stomata while photosynthetic pigments decreased, resulting in differential oxidative damage. The concentration of phenolic compounds was not affected by water restrictions. Plants exposed to restricted water regimes showed diminished middle leaf biomass and expansion (~60% of total leaves), increased stem wood density, and experienced 7% and 30% mortality rates under moderate and severe water stress, respectively. Our findings suggest that under moderate water stress, analogous to short-term droughts, A. araucana seedlings activate physiological mechanisms that allow them to withstand short periods of drought, while more severe water stress and longer droughts can be severely harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papú
- Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (IANIGLA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - F Berli
- Agricultural Biology Institute of Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5507, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - P Piccoli
- Agricultural Biology Institute of Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5507, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Patón
- Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - D R Ortega Rodriguez
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Forest Resource, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - F A Roig
- Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (IANIGLA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina; Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Forest Resource, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil; Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, 8340589, Chile
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Marchand W, Girardin MP, Hartmann H, Depardieu C, Isabel N, Gauthier S, Boucher É, Bergeron Y. Strong overestimation of water-use efficiency responses to rising CO 2 in tree-ring studies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4538-4558. [PMID: 32421921 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotope ratio (δ13 C) in tree rings is commonly used to derive estimates of the assimilation-to-stomatal conductance rate of trees, that is, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Recent studies have observed increased iWUE in response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca ), in many different species, genera and biomes. However, increasing rates of iWUE vary widely from one study to another, likely because numerous covarying factors are involved. Here, we quantified changes in iWUE of two widely distributed boreal conifers using tree samples from a forest inventory network that were collected across a wide range of growing conditions (assessed using the site index, SI), developmental stages and stand histories. Using tree-ring isotopes analysis, we assessed the magnitude of increase in iWUE after accounting for the effects of tree size, stand age, nitrogen deposition, climate and SI. We also estimated how growth conditions have modulated tree physiological responses to rising Ca . We found that increases in tree size and stand age greatly influenced iWUE. The effect of Ca on iWUE was strongly reduced after accounting for these two variables. iWUE increased in response to Ca , mostly in trees growing on fertile stands, whereas iWUE remained almost unchanged on poor sites. Our results suggest that past studies could have overestimated the CO2 effect on iWUE, potentially leading to biased inferences about the future net carbon balance of the boreal forest. We also observed that this CO2 effect is weakening, which could affect the future capacity of trees to resist and recover from drought episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marchand
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Claire Depardieu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en génomique forestière, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Chaire de recherche du Canada en génomique forestière, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Gauthier
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Boucher
- GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Geography, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, QC, Canada
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Recent Consequences of Climate Change Have Affected Tree Growth in Distinct Nothofagus Macrocarpa (DC.) FM Vaz & Rodr Age Classes in Central Chile. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forests play an important role in water and carbon cycles in semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean ecosystems. Previous research in the Chilean Mediterranean forests revealed a break point in 1980 in regional tree-ring chronologies linked to climate change. However, it is still unclear which populations and age classes are more affected by recent increases in drought conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of recent variations in precipitation, temperature, and CO2 concentrations on tree growth of various populations and age classes of Nothofagus macrocarpa trees in Central Chile. We sampled 10 populations from five sites of N. macrocarpa through its whole geographic distribution in both Coastal and Andes ranges. We used standard dendrochronological methods to (i) group populations using principal component analysis, (ii) separate age classes (young, mature, and old trees), (iii) evaluate linear growth trends based on the basal area increment (BAI), and (iv) analyze the link between BAI and atmospheric changes using linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that young trees are more sensitive to climate variability. Regarding population grouping, we observed that all population clusters were sensitive to winter-spring precipitation, but only the Andes and Coastal populations were negatively correlated with temperature. The results of CO2 fertilization analyses were controversial and unclear. Since young trees from all population clusters reacted positively in the phase with an increase of atmospheric CO2 between 1980 and 2014, this behavior was not translated into growth for the last 15 years (2000–2014). However, it should be noted that the young trees of the highest elevation populations did not have a negative growth trend, so it seems that CO2 counteracted the negative effect of recent regional climate change (increase in temperature and precipitation decrease) in these population trees. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of climate variability over other ecological and physiological processes.
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