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Weary TE, Mehta KPM, Goldberg TL. Novel Gammapapillomavirus type in the nasal cavity of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles). Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000866.v3. [PMID: 39165252 PMCID: PMC11334581 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000866.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are double-stranded, circular, epitheliotropic DNA viruses causing benign warts (papillomas) or inducing dysplasia that can progress to cancer. Although they have been identified in all vertebrate taxa, most classified types are human PVs (HPVs); relatively little is known about PVs in other species. Here we characterize a novel Gammapapillomavirus type, PtepPV1, from a nasal swab of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The virus has a genome of 6576 bases, encoding the seven canonical early (E) ORFs (E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, E1^E4 and E8^E2) and two late (L) ORFs (L1 and L2) of the gammapapillomaviruses, and is 81.0% similar to HPV-mSK_118, detected in a cutaneous wart from an immunocompromised human patient, in the L1 gene at the amino acid level. Alphapapillomaviruses (genus Alphapapillomavirus) cause anogenital carcinomas such as cervical cancer and have been described previously in several nonhuman primates. However, the first gammapapillomavirus (genus Gammapapillomavirus), which cause transient cutaneous infections, was not described until 2019 in a healthy rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) genital swab. The new virus from red colobus, PtepPV1, has many genomic features encoded by high-risk oncogenic PVs, such as the E7 gene LXSXE and CXXC motifs, suggesting potential for pRb and zinc-finger binding, respectively. To our knowledge, PtepPV1 is also the first reported nonhuman primate PV found in the nasal cavity. PtepPV1 expands the known host range, geographical distribution, tissue tropism and biological characteristics of nonhuman primate PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E. Weary
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kavi P. M. Mehta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Pulecio-Santos SL, de Souza AJS, Sá LRMD. Epidemiological characterization of oral focal epithelial hyperplasia in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans). J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12728. [PMID: 39148335 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an uncommon infection affecting humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and howler monkeys. This study describes 10 cases of free-ranging brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) diagnosed with FEH and Alouatta guariba Papillomavirus 1 (AgPV 1). METHODS We analyzed demographic characteristics, rescue conditions, clinical and pathological findings, and species-specific behavior factors in these cases. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence and potential contributing factors of FEH and AgPV 1 infection. RESULTS The frequency of FEH was 8.13%. Most affected howlers were adult or geriatric males with comorbidities or stressful conditions. Clinical and pathological observations were consistent with AgPV 1 infection. Species-specific behaviors and environmental stressors were identified as contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS FEH associated with AgPV 1 affected mainly adult or geriatric males with ongoing comorbidities or stressful conditions. Further research is needed to understand these factors for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lorena Pulecio-Santos
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Junior Souza de Souza
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cavalcante LTF, Cosentino MAC, D’arc M, Moreira FRR, Mouta R, Augusto AM, Troccoli F, Soares MA, Santos AF. Characterization of a new anellovirus species infecting an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230015. [PMID: 38051353 PMCID: PMC10697133 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete genome of the first anellovirus infecting the wild felid Leopardus pardalis (ocelot) and a partial genome were assembled and annotated through high-throughput sequencing protocols followed by Sanger sequencing validation. The full-length virus obtained comprises 2,003 bp, while the partial genome comprises 1,224 bp. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these two sequences in two distinct clusters related to previously described Felidae anelloviruses. The ORF1 of the partial genome was identified as a new species provisionally called Torque teno ocelot virus, with 53.6% identity with its sister lineage. The complete genome was inferred as a new representative of the Torque teno felid virus 3 species, with 73.28% identity to the closest reference. This study expands known virus diversity and the host span of anelloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus A. C. Cosentino
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirela D’arc
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe R. R. Moreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mouta
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André F. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Genética, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil
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Paietta EN, Kraberger S, Custer JM, Vargas KL, Van Doorslaer K, Yoder AD, Varsani A. Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Arch Virol 2022; 168:13. [PMID: 36576610 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are host-species-specific and tissue-specific viruses that infect a diverse array of vertebrate hosts, including humans and non-human primates, with varying pathogenic outcomes. Although primate PVs have been studied extensively, no complete genome sequences of PVs from lemurs have been determined to date. Saliva samples from three critically endangered, captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) at the Duke Lemur Center (USA) were analyzed, using high-throughput sequencing, for the presence of oral papillomaviruses. We identified three PVs from two individuals, one of which had a coinfection with two different PVs. Two of the three PVs share 99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and we have named these isolates "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1" (VavPV1). The third PV shares ~63% nucleotide sequence identity with VavPV1, and thus, we have named it "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 2" (VavPV2). Based on their E1 + E2 + L1 protein sequence phylogeny, the VavPVs form a distinct clade. This clade likely represents a novel genus, with VavPV1 and VavPV2 belonging to two distinct species. Our findings represent the first complete genome sequences of PVs found in lemuriform primates, with their presence suggesting the potential existence of diverse PVs across the over 100 species of lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N Paietta
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Karla L Vargas
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UA Cancer Center, The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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Cosentino MAC, D’arc M, Moreira FRR, Cavalcante LTDF, Mouta R, Coimbra A, Schiffler FB, Miranda TDS, Medeiros G, Dias CA, Souza AR, Tavares MCH, Tanuri A, Soares MA, dos Santos AFA. Discovery of two novel Torque Teno viruses in Callithrix penicillata provides insights on Anelloviridae diversification dynamics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002963. [PMID: 36160188 PMCID: PMC9493276 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and metagenomics protocols deeply impacted the discovery of viral diversity. Moreover, the characterization of novel viruses in the Neotropical primates (NP) is central for the comprehension of viral evolution dynamics in those hosts, due to their evolutionary proximity to Old World primates, including humans. In the present work, novel anelloviruses were detected and characterized through HTS protocols in the NP Callithrix penicillata, the common black-tufted marmoset. De novo assembly of generated sequences was carried out, and a total of 15 contigs were identified with complete Anelloviridae ORF1 gene, two of them including a flanking GC-rich region, confirming the presence of two whole novel genomes of ~3 kb. The identified viruses were monophyletic within the Epsilontorquevirus genus, a lineage harboring previously reported anelloviruses infecting hosts from the Cebidae family. The genetic divergence found in the new viruses characterized two novel species, named Epsilontorquevirus callithrichensis I and II. The phylogenetic pattern inferred for the Epsilontorquevirus genus was consistent with the topology of their host species tree, echoing a virus-host diversification model observed in other viral groups. This study expands the host span of Anelloviridae and provides insights into their diversification dynamics, highlighting the importance of sampling animal viral genomes to obtain a clearer depiction of their long-term evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Augusto Calvano Cosentino
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirela D’arc
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ricardo Mouta
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Coimbra
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francine Bittencourt Schiffler
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamiris dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Medeiros
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia A. Dias
- Centro de Primatologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Soares
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Andrade dos Santos
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: André Felipe Andrade dos Santos,
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Sanchez-Fernandez C, Bolatti EM, Culasso ACA, Chouhy D, Kowalewski MM, Stella EJ, Schurr TG, Rinas MA, Liotta DJ, Campos RH, Giri AA, Badano I. Identification and evolutionary analysis of papillomavirus sequences in New World monkeys (genera Sapajus and Alouatta) from Argentina. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1257-1268. [PMID: 35353206 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the occurrence of papillomavirus (PV) infection in non-human primates (NHPs) in northeastern Argentina. We also explored their evolutionary history and evaluated the co-speciation hypothesis in the context of primate evolution. METHODS We obtained DNA samples from 57 individuals belonging to wild and captive populations of Alouatta caraya, Sapajus nigritus, and Sapajus cay. We assessed PV infection by PCR amplification with the CUT primer system and sequencing of 337 bp (112 amino acids) of the L1 gene. The viral sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic and Bayesian coalescence methods to estimate the time to the most common recent ancestor (tMRCA) using BEAST, v1.4.8 software. We evaluated viral/host tree congruence with TreeMap v3.0. RESULTS We identified two novel putative PV sequences of the genus Gammapapillomavirus in Sapajus spp. and Alouatta caraya (SPV1 and AcPV1, respectively). The tMRCA of SPV1 was estimated to be 11,941,682 years before present (ybp), and that of AcPV1 was 46,638,071 ybp, both before the coalescence times of their hosts (6.4 million years ago [MYA] and 6.8 MYA, respectively). Based on the comparison of primate and viral phylogenies, we found that the PV tree was no more congruent with the host tree than a random tree would be (P > 0.05), thus allowing us to reject the model of virus-host coevolution. CONCLUSION This study presents the first evidence of PV infection in platyrrhine species from Argentina, expands the range of described hosts for these viruses, and suggests new scenarios for their origin and dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanchez-Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E M Bolatti
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A C A Culasso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Chouhy
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M M Kowalewski
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo-MACN-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - E J Stella
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - T G Schurr
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - M A Rinas
- Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - D J Liotta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, ANLIS, Pto. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - R H Campos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A A Giri
- Laboratorio de Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET/UNR, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - I Badano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tanaka K, Kogure G, Onuki M, Matsumoto K, Iwata T, Aoki D, Kukimoto I. Ancient Evolutionary History of Human Papillomavirus Type 16, 18 and 58 Variants Prevalent Exclusively in Japan. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030464. [PMID: 35336870 PMCID: PMC8953638 DOI: 10.3390/v14030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus with an approximately 8-kilo base DNA genome, which establishes long-term persistent infection in anogenital tissues. High levels of genetic variations, including viral genotypes and intra-type variants, have been described for HPV genomes, together with geographical differences in the distribution of genotypes and variants. Here, by employing a maximum likelihood method, we performed phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome sequences of HPV16, HPV18 and HPV58 available from GenBank (n = 627, 146 and 157, respectively). We found several characteristic clusters that exclusively contain HPV genomes from Japan: two for HPV16 (sublineages A4 and A5), one for HPV18 (sublineage A1) and two for HPV58 (sublineages A1 and A2). Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of concatenated viral gene sequences showed that divergence of the most recent common ancestor of these Japan-specific clades was estimated to have occurred ~98,000 years before present (YBP) for HPV16 A4, ~39,000 YBP for HPV16 A5, ~38,000 YBP for HPV18 A1, ~26,000 for HPV58 A1 and ~25,000 YBP for HPV58 A2. This estimated timeframe for the divergence of the Japan-specific clades suggests that the introduction of these HPV variants into the Japanese archipelago dates back to at least ~25,000 YBP and provides a scenario of virus co-migration with ancestral Japanese populations from continental Asia during the Upper Paleolithic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsei Tanaka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (K.T.); (G.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan; (T.I.); (D.A.)
| | - Gota Kogure
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (K.T.); (G.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (M.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Mamiko Onuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (M.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (M.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan; (T.I.); (D.A.)
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan; (T.I.); (D.A.)
| | - Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (K.T.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-561-0771
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Phototheranostics of Cervical Neoplasms with Chlorin e6 Photosensitizer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010211. [PMID: 35008375 PMCID: PMC8750251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neoplasms of the cervix are the most common types of oncological pathology. Photodynamic therapy with intravenous administration of the photosensitizer chlorin e6 shows high efficiency in the treatment of precancerous lesions of the cervix with complete eradication of the human papillomavirus. The treatment method can reduce deaths from cervical cancer and preserve fertility in patients. Spectral and video fluorescence diagnostics allows intraoperatively assessing the degree of photosensitizer accumulation and photobleaching and visualizing the boundaries of pathologically altered tissues. Abstract (1) Purpose: Improving the treatment effectiveness of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix associated with human papillomavirus infection, based on the application of the method of photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence to clarify the boundaries of cervical neoplasms. (2) Methods: Examination and treatment of 52 patients aged 22 to 53 years with morphologically and cytologically confirmed mild to severe intraepithelial cervix neoplasia, preinvasive, micro-invasive, and squamous cell cervix carcinoma. All patients were carriers of human papillomavirus infection. The patients underwent photodynamic therapy with simultaneous laser excitation of fluorescence. The combined use of video and spectral fluorescence diagnostics for cervical neoplasms made it possible to control the photodynamic therapy process at all stages of the procedure. Evaluation of the photodynamic therapy of intraepithelial cervical neoplasms was carried out with colposcopic examination, cytological conclusion, and morphological verification of the biopsy material after the photodynamic therapy course. The success of human papillomavirus therapy was assessed based on the results of the polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results. The possibility of simultaneous spectral fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic therapy using a laser source with a wavelength of 660 nm has been established, making it possible to assess the fluorescence index in real-time and control the photobleaching of photosensitizers in the irradiated area. The treatment of all 52 patients was successful after the first photodynamic therapy procedure. According to the PCR test of the discharge from the cervical canal, the previously identified HPV types were not observed in 48 patients. Previously identified HPV types were absent after repeated PDT in four patients (CIN III (n = 2), CIS (n = 2)). In 80.8% of patients, regression of the lesion was noted. (4) Conclusions. The high efficiency of photodynamic therapy with intravenous photosensitizer administration of chlorin e6 has been demonstrated both in relation to eradication therapy of human papillomavirus and in relation to the treatment of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix.
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