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Liu H, He Q, Hu Y, Lu R, Wu S, Feng C, Yuan K, Wang Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5052. [PMID: 38732270 PMCID: PMC11084274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of the world's natural rubber comes from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). As a key enzyme for synthesizing phenylpropanoid compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a critical role in plant satisfactory growth and environmental adaptation. To clarify the characteristics of rubber tree PAL family genes, a genome-wide characterization of rubber tree PALs was conducted in this study. Eight PAL genes (HbPAL1-HbPAL8), which spread over chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 18, were found to be present in the genome of H. brasiliensis. Phylogenetic analysis classified HbPALs into groups I and II, and the group I HbPALs (HbPAL1-HbPAL6) displayed similar conserved motif compositions and gene architectures. Tissue expression patterns of HbPALs quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) proved that distinct HbPALs exhibited varying tissue expression patterns. The HbPAL promoters contained a plethora of cis-acting elements that responded to hormones and stress, and the qPCR analysis demonstrated that abiotic stressors like cold, drought, salt, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress, as well as hormones like salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, controlled the expression of HbPALs. The majority of HbPALs were also regulated by powdery mildew, anthracnose, and Corynespora leaf fall disease infection. In addition, HbPAL1, HbPAL4, and HbPAL7 were significantly up-regulated in the bark of tapping panel dryness rubber trees relative to that of healthy trees. Our results provide a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of HbPAL genes and set the groundwork for further investigation of the biological functions of HbPALs in rubber trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (Q.H.); (Y.H.); (R.L.); (S.W.); (C.F.); (K.Y.)
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Wu X, Cui Z, Li X, Yu Z, Lin P, Xue L, Khan A, Ou C, Deng Z, Zhang M, Yao W, Yu F. Identification and characterization of PAL genes involved in the regulation of stem development in Saccharum spontaneum L. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:38. [PMID: 38689211 PMCID: PMC11061975 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharum spontaneum L. is a closely related species of sugarcane and has become an important genetic component of modern sugarcane cultivars. Stem development is one of the important factors for affecting the yield, while the molecular mechanism of stem development remains poorly understanding in S. spontaneum. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a vital component of both primary and secondary metabolism, contributing significantly to plant growth, development and stress defense. However, the current knowledge about PAL genes in S. spontaneum is still limited. Thus, identification and characterization of the PAL genes by transcriptome analysis will provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the function of PAL gene in sugarcane. RESULTS In this study, 42 of PAL genes were identified, including 26 SsPAL genes from S. spontaneum, 8 ShPAL genes from sugarcane cultivar R570, and 8 SbPAL genes from sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SsPAL genes were divided into three groups, potentially influenced by long-term natural selection. Notably, 20 SsPAL genes were existed on chromosomes 4 and 5, indicating that they are highly conserved in S. spontaneum. This conservation is likely a result of the prevalence of whole-genome replications within this gene family. The upstream sequence of PAL genes were found to contain conserved cis-acting elements such as G-box and SP1, GT1-motif and CAT-box, which collectively regulate the growth and development of S. spontaneum. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that SsPAL genes of stem had a significantly upregulated than that of leaves, suggesting that they may promote the stem growth and development, particularly in the + 6 stem (The sixth cane stalk from the top to down) during the growth stage. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the molecular characteristics of SsPAL genes and indicated that they may play a vital role in stem growth and development of S. spontaneum. Altogether, our findings will promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism of S. spontaneum stem development, and also contribute to the sugarcane genetic improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zetian Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zehuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Pingping Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cailan Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zuhu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Yang X, Liu T, Yang R, Fan H, Liu X, Xuan Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Zhu X. Overexpression of GmPAL Genes Enhances Soybean Resistance Against Heterodera glycines. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:416-423. [PMID: 38171485 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) disease adversely affects the yield of soybean and leads to billions of dollars in losses every year. To control the disease, it is necessary to study the resistance genes of the plant and their mechanisms. Isoflavonoids are secondary metabolites of the phenylalanine pathway, and they are synthesized in soybean. They are essential in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we reported that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes GmPALs involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, can positively regulate soybean resistance to SCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GmPAL genes in the resistant cultivar Huipizhi (HPZ) heidou are strongly induced by SCN. PAL is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and it responds to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the resistance of soybeans against SCN is suppressed by PAL inhibitor l-α-(aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid (L-AOPP) treatment. Overexpression of eight GmPAL genes caused diapause of nematodes in transgenic roots. In a petiole-feeding bioassay, we identified that two isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, could enhance resistance against SCN and suppress nematode development. This study thus reveals GmPAL-mediated resistance against SCN, information that has good application potential. The role of isoflavones in soybean resistance provides new information for the control of SCN. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruowei Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Guan F, Long L, Wang Y, Li H, Deng M, Zhang Y, Pu Z, Li W, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wei Y, Ma J, Xu Q, Kang H, Qi P, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Liu D, Zheng Y, Chen G, Jiang Y. Comparative analysis of Fusarium crown rot resistance in synthetic hexaploid wheats and their parental genotypes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:178. [PMID: 37020178 PMCID: PMC10077658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease of cereals worldwide. Compared with tetraploid wheat, hexaploid wheat is more resistant to FCR infection. The underlying reasons for the differences are still not clear. In this study, we compared FCR responses of 10 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) and their tetraploid and diploid parents. We then performed transcriptome analysis to uncover the molecular mechanism of FCR on these SHWs and their parents. RESULTS We observed higher levels of FCR resistance in the SHWs compared with their tetraploid parents. The transcriptome analysis suggested that multiple defense pathways responsive to FCR infection were upregulated in the SHWs. Notably, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) genes, involved in lignin and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, exhibited a higher level of expression to FCR infection in the SHWs. Physiological and biochemical analysis validated that PAL activity and SA and lignin contents of the stem bases were higher in SHWs than in their tetraploid parents. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings imply that improved FCR resistance in SHWs compared with their tetraploid parents is probably related to higher levels of response on PAL-mediated lignin and SA biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Dazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongchuan, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fangnian Guan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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Pant S, Huang Y. Genome-wide studies of PAL genes in sorghum and their responses to aphid infestation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22537. [PMID: 36581623 PMCID: PMC9800386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.25) plays a crucial role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the current knowledge about PAL proteins in sorghum is essentially lacking. Thus, in this study we aimed to analyze the PAL family genes in sorghum using a genome-wide approach and to explore the role of PAL genes in host plant resistance to aphids via SA-mediated defense signaling. Here, we report gene structural features of 8 PAL (SbPAL) genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), their phylogeny, protein motifs and promoter analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SbPAL genes were induced by sugarcane aphid (SCA) infestation and SbPAL exhibited differential gene expression in susceptible and resistant genotypes. PAL activity assays further validated upregulated expression of the SbPAL genes in a resistant genotype. In addition, exogenous application of SA reduced plant damage and suppressed aphid population growth and fecundity in susceptible genotype, suggesting that those SbPAL genes act as positive regulator of the SA-mediated defense signaling pathway to combat aphid pests in sorghum. This study provides insights for further examination of the defense role of PAL in sorghum against other pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Pant
- grid.508981.dUnited States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- grid.508981.dUnited States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA
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Huang Y, Liu J, Li J, Shan X, Duan Y. Endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas protegens suppresses mycelial growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea and decreases its pathogenicity to postharvest fruits. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1069517. [PMID: 36569085 PMCID: PMC9771998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1069517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), one of the most economically important fruits widely consumed worldwide, has been suffering from apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, which dramatically affects its quality and yield. In the present study, we demonstrated that Pseudomonas protegens, isolated from Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum), significantly suppressed the mycelial growth and propagation of B. dothidea, respectively, further displayed a considerably inhibitory effect on the apple ring rot of postharvest fruits. In addition, P. protegens significantly improved the total soluble solid/titrable acidity (TSS/TA) ratio and soluble sugar/titrable acidity (SS/TA) ratio and drastically maintained the fruit firmness. Further analysis manifested that P. protegens substantially induced the defense-related genes such as MdGLU, MdPAL, MdPOD, MdCAL, and transcription factors related to the resistance to B. dothidea, including MdWRKY15, MdPUB29, MdMyb73, and MdERF11 in apple fruits. Meanwhile, P. protegens considerably restrained the expressions of the pathogenicity-related genes in B. dothidea, including the BdCYP450, BdADH, BdGHY, BdATS, Bdα/β-HY, and BdSTR. By inference, P. protegens inhibited the apple ring rot on postharvest fruits by activating the defense system of apple fruit and repressing the pathogenic factor of B. dothidea. The study provided a theoretical basis and a potential alternative to manage the apple ring rot on postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Huang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China,National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products, Qingdao, China,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Yonghong Huang,
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China,National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products, Qingdao, China,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China,National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products, Qingdao, China,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoying Shan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China,National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products, Qingdao, China,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanxin Duan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China,National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products, Qingdao, China,Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China,Yanxin Duan,
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Zhan C, Li Y, Li H, Wang M, Gong S, Ma D, Li Y. Phylogenomic analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) multigene family and their differential expression analysis in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) suggested their roles during different stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982457. [PMID: 36247561 PMCID: PMC9561908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway and plays an important role in plant growth and stress response. It has been widely reported in plants, but less studied in wheat. In this study, 54 PAL genes were identified in the wheat genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the 54 TaPAL genes were divided into four groups (I, II, III, and IV). Then, the expression levels of TaPALs under biotic stresses were analyzed by transcriptome data analysis. The results showed that 31 genes were up-regulated and one gene was down-regulated after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum, 11 genes were up-regulated and 14 genes were down-regulated after inoculation with Puccinia striiformis, and 32 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes after inoculation with powdery mildew. The expression patterns of the five TaPALs were further analyzed by qRT-PCR. After inoculation with F. graminearum, the expression levels of five TaPALs were up-regulated. However, the TaPALs (expect TaPAL49) were down-regulated when inoculated with P. striiformis. Finally, the functions of TaPAL32 and TaPAL42 in resistance of wheat to the stripe rust were further analyzed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays. The results showed that the disease severity of TaPAL32 and TaPAL42 silenced plants was higher than that of control plants at 14 days after inoculation. It indicated that these two genes played a positive role in wheat stripe rust resistance. This study provided new evidence support for the functional study of PAL genes in wheat, and provided potential application value for the breeding of wheat resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Qin Y, Li Q, An Q, Li D, Huang S, Zhao Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Liao H. A phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Fritillaria unibracteata promotes drought tolerance by regulating lignin biosynthesis and SA signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:574-588. [PMID: 35643154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the key threatening environmental factors for plant and agriculture. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme involved in plant defense against abiotic stress, however, the role of PAL in drought tolerance remains elusive. Here, a PAL member (FuPAL1) containing noncanonical Ala-Ser-Gly triad was isolated from Fritillaria unibracteata, one important alpine pharmaceutical plant. FuPAL1, mainly distributed in cytosol, was more conserved than FuCOMT and FuCHI at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. FuPAL1 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the purified recombinant FuPAL1 protein showed catalytic preference on L-Phe than L-Tyr. Homology modeling and site-mutation of FuPAL1 exhibited FuPAL1 took part in the ammonization process by forming MIO-like group, and Phe141, Ser208, Ileu218 and Glu490 played key roles in substrate binding and (or) catalysis. HPLC analysis showed that lignin and salicylic acid levels increased but total flavonoid levels decreased in FuPAL1 transgenic Arabidopsis compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, FuPAL1 transgenic Arabidopsis significantly enhanced its drought tolerance, which suggested that FuPAL1 mediated tolerance to drought by inducing the biosynthesis and accumulation of salicylic acid and lignin. Taken together, our results confirmed that the FuPAL1 played an important role in drought tolerance, and FuPAL1 might be a valuable target for genetic improvement of drought resistance in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Qiue Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Qiuju An
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Dexin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Sipei Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yongyang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
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9
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Protective and Curative Activities of Paenibacillus polymyxa against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infestation in Squash Plants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081150. [PMID: 36009777 PMCID: PMC9405448 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of microbial products as natural biocontrol agents to increase a plant's systemic resistance to viral infections is a promising way to make agriculture more sustainable and less harmful to the environment. The rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa has been shown to have strong biocontrol action against plant diseases, but its antiviral activity has been little investigated. Here, the efficiency of the culture filtrate of the P. polymyxa strain SZYM (Acc# ON149452) to protect squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants against a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, Acc# ON159933) infection was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of the culture filtrate of SZYM either in protective or curative treatment conditions enhanced squash growth, reduced disease severity, and decreased ZYMV accumulation levels in the treated plants when compared to the non-treated plants. The protective treatment group exhibited the highest inhibitory effect (80%), with significant increases in their total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble protein content, ascorbic acid content, and free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, a considerable increase in the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) were also found. In addition, the induction of systemic resistance with a significant elevation in the transcriptional levels of polyphenolic pathway genes (CHS, PAL, and C3H) and pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-3) was observed. Out of the 14 detected compounds in the GC-MS analysis, propanoic acid, benzenedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and their derivatives, as well as pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) were the primary ingredient compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of the SZYM-culture filtrate. Such compounds may act as elicitor molecules that induce systemic resistance against viral infection. Consequently, P. polymyxa can be considered a powerful plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) in agricultural applications as well as a source of bioactive compounds for sustainable disease management. As far as we know, this is the first time that P. polymyxa has been shown to fight viruses in plants.
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10
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Wiggins G, Thomas J, Rahmatallah Y, Deen C, Haynes A, Degon Z, Glazko G, Mukherjee A. Common gene expression patterns are observed in rice roots during associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria, Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Azospirillum brasilense. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8827. [PMID: 35614083 PMCID: PMC9132972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-legume plants such as rice and maize can form beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Azospirillum brasilense. Several studies have shown that these PGPB promote plant growth via multiple mechanisms. Our current understanding of the molecular aspects and signaling between plants like rice and PGPB like Herbaspirillum seropedicae is limited. In this study, we used an experimental system where H. seropedicae could colonize the plant roots and promote growth in wild-type rice. Using this experimental setup, we identified 1688 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rice roots, 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) with H. seropedicae. Several of these DEGs encode proteins involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, defense, hormone signaling pathways, and nitrate and sugar transport. We validated the expression pattern of some genes via RT-PCR. Next, we compared the DEGs identified in this study to those we previously identified in rice roots during associations with another PGPB, Azospirillum brasilense. We identified 628 genes that were differentially expressed during both associations. The expression pattern of these genes suggests that some of these are likely to play a significant role(s) during associations with both H. seropedicae and A. brasilense and are excellent targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Wiggins
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Jacklyn Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Yasir Rahmatallah
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Connor Deen
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Allee Haynes
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Zachariah Degon
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA
| | - Galina Glazko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, 72035, USA.
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11
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Molisso D, Coppola M, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Langella E, Rigano MM, Francesca S, Chiaiese P, Palmieri G, Tatè R, Sinno M, Barra E, Becchimanzi A, Monti SM, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Not Only Systemin: Prosystemin Harbors Other Active Regions Able to Protect Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887674. [PMID: 35685017 PMCID: PMC9173717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prosystemin is a 200-amino acid precursor expressed in Solanaceae plants which releases at the C-terminal part a peptidic hormone called Systemin in response to wounding and herbivore attack. We recently showed that Prosystemin is not only a mere scaffold of Systemin but, even when deprived of Systemin, is biologically active. These results, combined with recent discoveries that Prosystemin is an intrinsically disordered protein containing disordered regions within its sequence, prompted us to investigate the N-terminal portions of the precursor, which contribute to the greatest disorder within the sequence. To this aim, PS1-70 and PS1-120 were designed, produced, and structurally and functionally characterized. Both the fragments, which maintained their intrinsic disorder, were able to induce defense-related genes and to protect tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Intriguingly, the biological activity of each of the two N-terminal fragments and of Systemin is similar but not quite the same and does not show any toxicity on experimental non-targets considered. These regions account for different anti-stress activities conferred to tomato plants by their overexpression. The two N-terminal fragments identified in this study may represent new promising tools for sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rosarita Tatè
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (IGB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Sinno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Novel metabolic interactions and environmental conditions mediate the boreal peatmoss-cyanobacteria mutualism. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1074-1085. [PMID: 34845335 PMCID: PMC8941135 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between Sphagnum (peat moss) and cyanobacteria play critical roles in terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. Knowledge of the metabolites exchanged, the physiological processes involved, and the environmental conditions allowing the formation of symbiosis is important for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions. In this study, we used a cross-feeding approach with spatially resolved metabolite profiling and metatranscriptomics to characterize the symbiosis between Sphagnum and Nostoc cyanobacteria. A pH gradient study revealed that the Sphagnum–Nostoc symbiosis was driven by pH, with mutualism occurring only at low pH. Metabolic cross-feeding studies along with spatially resolved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) identified trehalose as the main carbohydrate source released by Sphagnum, which were depleted by Nostoc along with sulfur-containing choline-O-sulfate, taurine and sulfoacetate. In exchange, Nostoc increased exudation of purines and amino acids. Metatranscriptome analysis indicated that Sphagnum host defense was downregulated when in direct contact with the Nostoc symbiont, but not as a result of chemical contact alone. The observations in this study elucidated environmental, metabolic, and physiological underpinnings of the widespread plant–cyanobacterial symbioses with important implications for predicting carbon and nitrogen cycling in peatland ecosystems as well as the basis of general host-microbe interactions.
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13
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Ashraf H, Batool T, Anjum T, Illyas A, Li G, Naseem S, Riaz S. Antifungal Potential of Green Synthesized Magnetite Nanoparticles Black Coffee-Magnetite Nanoparticles Against Wilt Infection by Ameliorating Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression in Solanum lycopersicum L. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:754292. [PMID: 35308392 PMCID: PMC8928266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.754292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Fusarium wilt is one of the most devasting diseases of tomatoes caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causing high yield and economic losses annually. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are one of the potent candidates to inhibit fungal infection by improving plant growth parameters. Spinach has been used as a starting material to synthesize green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Various extracts, i.e., pomegranate juice, white vinegar, pomegranate peel, black coffee (BC), aloe vera peel, and aspirin, had been used as reducing/stabilizing agents to tune the properties of the Fe3O4 NPs. After utilizing spinach as a precursor and BC as a reducing agent, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed cubic magnetite (Fe3O4) phase. Spherical-shaped nanoparticles (∼20 nm) with superparamagnetic nature indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) monographs, whereas energy-dispersive X-ray gives good elemental composition in Fe3O4 NPs. A characteristic band of Fe-O at ∼ 561 cm-1 was exhibited by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the binding energies of Fe 2p3/2 (∼710.9 eV) and Fe 2p1/2 (∼724.5 eV) while, Raman bands at ∼310 cm-1 (T2 g ), ∼550 cm-1 (T2 g ), and 670 cm-1 (A1 g ) indicated the formation of Fe3O4 NPs synthesized using BC extract. The in vitro activity of BC-Fe3O4 NPs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum both at the third and seventh day after incubation, in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies also exhibited a substantial reduction in disease severity and incidence by improving plant growth parameters after treatment with different concentrations of BC-Fe3O4 NPs. The increasing tendency in enzymatic activities had been measured after treatment with different concentrations of NPs both in roots and shoot of tomato plants as compared to the control. Correspondingly, the upregulation of PR-proteins and defense genes are in line with the results of the enzymatic activities. The outcome of the present findings suggests that Fe3O4 NPs has the potential to control wilt infection by enhancing plant growth. Hence, Fe3O4 NPs, being non-phytotoxic, have impending scope in the agriculture sector to attain higher yield by managing plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Ashraf
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Illyas
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Kashyap AS, Manzar N, Nebapure SM, Rajawat MVS, Deo MM, Singh JP, Kesharwani AK, Singh RP, Dubey SC, Singh D. Unraveling Microbial Volatile Elicitors Using a Transparent Methodology for Induction of Systemic Resistance and Regulation of Antioxidant Genes at Expression Levels in Chili against Bacterial Wilt Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020404. [PMID: 35204287 PMCID: PMC8869530 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles benefit the agricultural ecological system by promoting plant growth and systemic resistance against diseases without harming the environment. To explore the plant growth-promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 and Bacillus subtilis KA9 in terms of chili plant growth and its biocontrol efficiency against Ralstonia solanacearum, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A closure assembly was designed using a half-inverted plastic bottle to demonstrate plant–microbial interactions via volatile compounds. The most common volatile organic compounds were identified and reported; they promoted plant development and induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. The PDS1 and KA9 VOCs significantly increased defensive enzyme activity and overexpressed the antioxidant genes PAL, POD, SOD, WRKYa, PAL1, DEF-1, CAT-2, WRKY40, HSFC1, LOX2, and NPR1 related to plant defense. The overall gene expression was greater in root tissue as compared to leaf tissue in chili plant. Our findings shed light on the relationship among rhizobacteria, pathogen, and host plants, resulting in plant growth promotion, disease suppression, systemic resistance-inducing potential, and antioxidant response with related gene expression in the leaf and root tissue of chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Nazia Manzar
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | | | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Man Mohan Deo
- Farm Machinery and Power, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, India;
| | - Jyoti Prakash Singh
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (N.M.); (M.V.S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kesharwani
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - Ravinder Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
| | - S. C. Dubey
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi 110012, India;
- Krishi Bhawan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.K.); (R.P.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.K.); (D.S.)
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15
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Mukherjee A. What do we know from the transcriptomic studies investigating the interactions between plants and plant growth-promoting bacteria? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:997308. [PMID: 36186072 PMCID: PMC9521398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Major crops such as corn, wheat, and rice can benefit from interactions with various plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Naturally, several studies have investigated the primary mechanisms by which these PGPB promote plant growth. These mechanisms involve biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormone synthesis, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. Decades of genetic and biochemical studies in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis have identified a few key plant and microbial signals regulating these symbioses. Furthermore, genetic studies in legumes have identified the host genetic pathways controlling these symbioses. But, the same depth of information does not exist for the interactions between host plants and PGPB. For instance, our knowledge of the host genes and the pathways involved in these interactions is very poor. However, some transcriptomic studies have investigated the regulation of gene expression in host plants during these interactions in recent years. In this review, we discuss some of the major findings from these studies and discuss what lies ahead. Identifying the genetic pathway(s) regulating these plant-PGPB interactions will be important as we explore ways to improve crop production sustainably.
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16
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Yousaf MJ, Hussain A, Hamayun M, Iqbal A. Exposure of Brassica to Red Light Antagonizes Low Production of IAA in Leaf Through Root Signaling Under Stress Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:874-885. [PMID: 34870857 DOI: 10.1111/php.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant leaf is highly sensitive to various growth promoting and restraining components. This sensitivity is normally caused by the alteration of different phyto-hormones (predominately by IAA), when the plants exposed to certain environmental conditions. We exposed the hydroponically grown Brassica campestris seedlings (7 days old) to red and green light in order to observe its effect on IAA secretion at leaf. The evaluated data showed that red light antagonized the low production of IAA in leaf by initiating the root signaling through flavonoids production and high redox activity. The study also explored the link between the differential phytohormonal response and biotic or abiotic stress elimination in leaf through root signaling under green or red light. The results exhibited that the biotic (P. syringae or F. alni) or abiotic stresses (100 mM AgNO3 or 100 mM tert-butyl alcohol) inhibited flavonoids at the roots and resisted the restoration of IAA at the leaf. However, under green light where IAA was not inhibited, the stresses could not produce flavonoid at the root and further passing the signals to leaf. The results concluded that the growth and photosynthetic rates of the seedlings were improved under red light exposure through flavonoid inducing stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
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17
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Zhang H, Huang Q, Yi L, Song X, Li L, Deng G, Liang J, Chen F, Yu M, Long H. PAL-mediated SA biosynthesis pathway contributes to nematode resistance in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:698-712. [PMID: 33974322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is deleterious to Triticeae crops and is a threat to the global crop yield. Accession no. 1 of Aegilops variabilis, a relative of Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), is highly resistant to CCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene AevPAL1 in Ae. variabilis is strongly induced by CCN. PAL, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism, is involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, its role in plant-CCN interaction remains unknown. In the present study, we proved that AevPAL1 helps to confer CCN resistance through affecting the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and downstream secondary metabolites. The silencing of AevPAL1 increased the incidence of CCN infection in roots and decreased the accumulation of SA and phenylalanine (Phe)-derived specialized metabolites. The exogenous pre-application of SA also improved CCN resistance. Additionally, the functions of PAL in phenylpropanoid metabolism correlated with tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) functioning in tryptophan metabolism pathways. The silencing of either AevPAL1 or AevTDC1 exhibited a concomitant reduction in the expression of both genes and the contents of metabolites downstream of PAL and TDC. These results suggested that AevPAL1, possibly in coordination with AevTDC1, positively contributes to CCN resistance by altering the downstream secondary metabolites and SA content in Ae. variabilis. Moreover, AevPAL1 overexpression significantly enhanced CCN resistance in bread wheat and did not exhibit significant negative effects on yield-related traits, suggesting that AevPAL1 is valuable for the genetic improvement of CCN resistance in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Sichuan Tea, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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18
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Screening of sunflower associated bacteria as biocontrol agents for plant growth promotion. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4901-4912. [PMID: 34250573 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious effects of artificially applied chemicals have highlighted the significance of biocontrol agents as suitable substitute for sustainable agriculture. In present study, three endophytic bacterial strains SV7, SV10 and LV19 showed extensive range of antifungal as well as plant growth promoting activities signifying potential to accomplish the requirement. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% similarity of three strains with taxon Firmicute. However, there was division among these isolates on basis of subgroups as SV7 belonged to Exiguobacterium auranticum, SV10 belonged to Paenibacillus sp. and LV19 was best fit in subgroup Priestia koreensis. All strains showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum on three different media (PDA, NA, LA) with maximum activity (53%) of LV19 strain on NA and least activity (13%) on PDA medium as recorded by zones of inhibition. In growth promotion experiments, combination of LV19 with Fusarium significantly suppressed chances of Fusarium wilt which is commonly caused by Fusarium oxysporum in sunflower plants. Diverse growth parameters (seed germination percentage, lengths and fresh weights of root and shoot) were significantly increased from 34 to 909% over pathogen infected plants only which was further proved by their root colonization analysis. Based on most efficient growth promotion by LV19 strain, expression of five plant defense related genes (SOD, PAL, NPR1, PR5, Chitinase) was evaluated revealing enhanced expression by 1.7-270-folds in consortium of LV19 and Fusarium. Thus, current study provided a scientific justification that bacterial strains in specific LV19 (Priestia koreensis) could be further developed as biocontrol agent with potential of plant growth promotion.
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19
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Zhu G, Gao C, Wu C, Li M, Xu JR, Liu H, Wang Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression profiles in Brachypodium distachyon infected by two fungal pathogens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:304. [PMID: 34193039 PMCID: PMC8243454 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of cereal crops is frequently affected by diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae, two devastating fungal pathogens. To improve crop resistance, many studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms of host defense against these two fungi individually. However, our knowledge of the common and different host defenses against these pathogens is very limited. RESULTS In this study, we employed Brachypodium distachyon as a model for cereal crops and performed comparative transcriptomics to study the dynamics of host gene expression at different infection stages. We found that infection with either F. graminearum or M. oryzae triggered massive transcriptomic reprogramming in the diseased tissues. Numerous defense-related genes were induced with dynamic changes during the time course of infection, including genes that function in pattern detection, MAPK cascade, phytohormone signaling, transcription, protein degradation, and secondary metabolism. In particular, the expression of jasmonic acid signaling genes and proteasome component genes were likely specifically inhibited or manipulated upon infection by F. graminearum. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed that, although the affected host pathways are similar, their expression programs and regulations are distinct during infection by F. graminearum and M. oryzae. The results provide valuable insight into the interactions between B. distachyon and two important cereal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Yu H, Li D, Yang D, Xue Z, Li J, Xing B, Yan K, Han R, Liang Z. SmKFB5 protein regulates phenolic acid biosynthesis by controlling the degradation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4915-4929. [PMID: 33961691 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the major secondary metabolites and significant bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Many enzyme-encoding genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids have been identified, but the underlying post-translational regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the S. miltiorrhiza Kelch repeat F-box protein SmKFB5 physically interacts with three phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) isozymes and mediates their proteolytic turnover via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Disturbing the expression of SmKFB5 reciprocally affected the abundance of SmPAL protein and the accumulation of phenolic acids, suggesting that SmKFB5 is a post-translational regulator responsible for the turnover of PAL and negatively controlling phenolic acids. Furthermore, we discovered that treatment of the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza with methyl jasmonate suppressed the expression of SmKFB5 while inducing the transcription of SmPAL1 and SmPAL3. These data suggested that methyl jasmonate consolidated both transcriptional and post-translational regulation mechanisms to enhance phenolic acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SmKFB5 mediates the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis by jasmonic acid, and suggest valuable targets for plant breeders in tailoring new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhang ZC, He B, Sun S, Zhang X, Li T, Wang HH, Xu LR, Afzal AJ, Geng XQ. The phytotoxin COR induces transcriptional reprogramming of photosynthetic, hormonal and defence networks in tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:69-79. [PMID: 33512048 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (COR) is a non-host specific phytotoxin secreted by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that can induce leaf chlorosis and increase the virulence of pathogens during plant-pathogen interactions. Studies have shown that COR can regulate multiple physiological processes in plants, but its involvement in bacterial pathogenesis and plant growth regulation is not well understood. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on 4-week-old tomato leaves that were either mock-treated or treated with COR. Transcriptome sequencing led to the identification of 6144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 4361 genes were downregulated and 1783 genes were upregulated upon COR treatment. To obtain functional information on the DEGs, we annotated these genes using GO and KEGG databases. Functional classification analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and phenylpropane metabolism. A total of 23 genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis had significant changes, of which 22 genes were downregulated and one gene was upregulated, indicating that chlorophyll biosynthesis was inhibited upon COR treatment. A total of 17 photosystem I related genes and 22 photosystem II related genes involving 20 protein subunits were also downregulated. In the JA synthesis pathway, 25 genes were up regulated, and six genes were downregulated in COR treated samples. COR was also involved in the regulation of multiple secondary metabolites. The identified DEGs will help us better understand the virulence effects and physiological functions of COR and provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistance into economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B He
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-products, Xining City, China
| | - S Sun
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - H H Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - L R Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A J Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - X Q Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Ma X, Zhang C, Kim DY, Huang Y, Chatt E, He P, Vierstra RD, Shan L. Ubiquitylome analysis reveals a central role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system in plant innate immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1943-1965. [PMID: 33793954 PMCID: PMC8133637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation profoundly expands proteome functionality and diversifies cellular signaling processes, with recent studies providing ample evidence for its importance to plant immunity. To gain a proteome-wide appreciation of ubiquitylome dynamics during immune recognition, we employed a two-step affinity enrichment protocol based on a 6His-tagged ubiquitin (Ub) variant coupled with high sensitivity mass spectrometry to identify Arabidopsis proteins rapidly ubiquitylated upon plant perception of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) peptide flg22. The catalog from 2-week-old seedlings treated for 30 min with flg22 contained 690 conjugates, 64 Ub footprints, and all seven types of Ub linkages, and included previously uncharacterized conjugates of immune components. In vivo ubiquitylation assays confirmed modification of several candidates upon immune elicitation, and revealed distinct modification patterns and dynamics for key immune components, including poly- and monoubiquitylation, as well as induced or reduced levels of ubiquitylation. Gene ontology and network analyses of the collection also uncovered rapid modification of the Ub-proteasome system itself, suggesting a critical auto-regulatory loop necessary for an effective MAMP-triggered immune response and subsequent disease resistance. Included targets were UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME 13 (UBC13) and proteasome component REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE SUBUNIT 8b (RPN8b), whose subsequent biochemical and genetic analyses implied negative roles in immune elicitation. Collectively, our proteomic analyses further strengthened the connection between ubiquitylation and flg22-based immune signaling, identified components and pathways regulating plant immunity, and increased the database of ubiquitylated substrates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark, Gyeong-Buk 37668, South Korea
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Elizabeth Chatt
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Author for communication:
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23
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Kang Y, Kim M, Shim C, Bae S, Jang S. Potential of Algae-Bacteria Synergistic Effects on Vegetable Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656662. [PMID: 33912211 PMCID: PMC8072153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture has become heavily dependent on chemical fertilizers, which have caused environmental pollution and the loss of soil fertility and sustainability. Microalgae and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been identified as alternatives to chemical fertilizers for improving soil fertility. This is because of their biofertilizing properties, through the production of bioactive compounds (e.g., phytohormones, amino acids, and carotenoids) and their ability to inhibit plant pathogens. Although treatment based on a single species of microalgae or bacteria is commonly used in agriculture, there is growing experimental evidence suggesting that a symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria synergistically affects each other's physiological and metabolomic processes. Moreover, the co-culture/combination treatment of microalgae and bacteria is considered a promising approach in biotechnology for wastewater treatment and efficient biomass production, based on the advantage of the resulting synergistic effects. However, much remains unexplored regarding the microalgal-bacterial interactions for agricultural applications. In this review, we summarize the effects of microalgae and PGPB as biofertilizing agents on vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, we present the potential of the microalgae-PGPB co-culture/combination system for the environmentally compatible production of vegetables with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Kang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Changki Shim
- Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Suyea Bae
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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24
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Transcriptomic Analyses Shed Light on Critical Genes Associated with Bibenzyl Biosynthesis in Dendrobium officinale. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040633. [PMID: 33810588 PMCID: PMC8065740 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Dendrobium plants (members of the Orchidaceae family) are used as traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Bibenzyl, one of the active compounds in Dendrobium officinale, occurs in low amounts among different tissues. However, market demands require a higher content of thes compounds to meet the threshold for drug production. There is, therefore, an immediate need to dissect the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how bibenzyl compounds are biosynthesized in D. officinale tissues. In this study, the accumulation of erianin and gigantol in tissues were studied as representative compounds of bibenzyl. Exogenous application of Methyl-Jasmonate (MeJA) promotes the biosynthesis of bibenzyl compounds; therefore, transcriptomic analyses were conducted between D. officinale-treated root tissues and a control. Our results show that the root tissues contained the highest content of bibenzyl (erianin and gigantol). We identified 1342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 912 up-regulated and 430 down-regulated genes in our transcriptome dataset. Most of the identified DEGs are functionally involved in the JA signaling pathway and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. We also identified two candidate cytochrome P450 genes and nine other enzymatic genes functionally involved in bibenzyl biosynthesis. Our study provides insights on the identification of critical genes associated with bibenzyl biosynthesis and accumulation in Dendrobium plants, paving the way for future research on dissecting the physiological and molecular mechanisms of bibenzyl synthesis in plants as well as guide genetic engineering for the improvement of Dendrobium varieties through increasing bibenzyl content for drug production and industrialization.
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25
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Transcriptome analysis of yellow passion fruit in response to cucumber mosaic virus infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247127. [PMID: 33626083 PMCID: PMC7904197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and production of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) are severely affected by viral disease. Yet there have been few studies of the molecular response of passion fruit to virus attack. In the present study, RNA-based transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) was used to identify the gene expression profiles in yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) leaves following inoculation with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Six RNA-seq libraries were constructed comprising a total of 42.23 Gb clean data. 1,545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained (701 upregulated and 884 downregulated). Gene annotation analyses revealed that genes associated with plant hormone signal transduction, transcription factors, protein ubiquitination, detoxification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism were significantly affected by CMV infection. The represented genes activated by CMV infection corresponded to transcription factors WRKY family, NAC family, protein ubiquitination and peroxidase. Several DEGs encoding protein TIFY, pathogenesis-related proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases also were upregualted by CMV infection. Overall, the information obtained in this study enriched the resources available for research into the molecular-genetic mechanisms of the passion fruit/CMV interaction, and might provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of passion fruit viral disease in the field.
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26
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Jaiswal SK, Mohammed M, Ibny FYI, Dakora FD. Rhizobia as a Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Molecules: Potential Applications and Possible Operational Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.619676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and legumes that leads to nodule formation is a complex chemical conversation involving plant release of nod-gene inducing signal molecules and bacterial secretion of lipo-chito-oligossacharide nodulation factors. During this process, the rhizobia and their legume hosts can synthesize and release various phytohormones, such as IAA, lumichrome, riboflavin, lipo-chito-oligossacharide Nod factors, rhizobitoxine, gibberellins, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, ethylene, cytokinins and the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase that can directly or indirectly stimulate plant growth. Whereas these attributes may promote plant adaptation to various edapho-climatic stresses including the limitations in nutrient elements required for plant growth promotion, tapping their full potential requires understanding of the mechanisms involved in their action. In this regard, several N2-fixing rhizobia have been cited for plant growth promotion by solubilizing soil-bound P in the rhizosphere via the synthesis of gluconic acid under the control of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) genes, just as others are known for the synthesis and release of siderophores for enhanced Fe nutrition in plants, the chelation of heavy metals in the reclamation of contaminated soils, and as biocontrol agents against diseases. Some of these metabolites can enhance plant growth via the suppression of the deleterious effects of other antagonistic molecules, as exemplified by the reduction in the deleterious effect of ethylene by ACC deaminase synthesized by rhizobia. Although symbiotic rhizobia are capable of triggering biological outcomes with direct and indirect effects on plant mineral nutrition, insect pest and disease resistance, a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved remains a challenge in tapping the maximum benefits of the molecules involved. Rather than the effects of individual rhizobial or plant metabolites however, a deeper understanding of their synergistic interactions may be useful in alleviating the effects of multiple plant stress factors for increased growth and productivity.
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27
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Koley P, Brahmachari S, Saha A, Deb C, Mondal M, Das N, Das A, Lahiri S, Das M, Thakur M, Kundu S. Phytohormone Priming of Tomato Plants Evoke Differential Behavior in Rhizoctonia solani During Infection, With Salicylate Priming Imparting Greater Tolerance Than Jasmonate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766095. [PMID: 35082805 PMCID: PMC8784698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of phytohormone defense, the general perception is that salicylate (SA)-mediated defense is induced against biotrophic pathogens while jasmonate (JA)-mediated defense functions against necrotrophic pathogens. Our goals were to observe the behavior of the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in the vicinity, on the surface, and within the host tissue after priming the host with SA or JA, and to see if priming with these phytohormones would affect the host defense differently upon infection. It was observed for the first time, that R. solani could not only distinguish between JA versus SA-primed tomato plants from a distance, but surprisingly avoided SA-primed plants more than JA-primed plants. To corroborate these findings, early infection events were monitored and compared through microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy using transformed R. solani expressing green fluorescence protein gene (gfp). Different histochemical and physiological parameters were compared between the unprimed control, JA-primed, and SA-primed plants after infection. The expression of a total of fifteen genes, including the appressoria-related gene of the pathogen and twelve marker genes functioning in the SA and JA signaling pathways, were monitored over a time course during early infection stages. R. solani being traditionally designated as a necrotroph, the major unexpected observations were that Salicylate priming offered better tolerance than Jasmonate priming and that it was mediated through the activation of SA-mediated defense during the initial phase of infection, followed by JA-mediated defense in the later phase. Hence, the present scenario of biphasic SA-JA defense cascades during R. solani infection, with SA priming imparting maximum tolerance, indicate a possible hemibiotrophic pathosystem that needs to be investigated further.
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28
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Liu H, Wang J, Sun H, Han X, Peng Y, Liu J, Liu K, Ding Y, Wang C, Du B. Transcriptome Profiles Reveal the Growth-Promoting Mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa YC0136 on Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584174. [PMID: 33101258 PMCID: PMC7546199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa is an important member of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. P. polymyxa YC0136 inoculation had beneficial effect on growth promotion and biological control of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under field conditions. This study aimed to reveal the growth-promoting mechanisms of strain YC0136. In growth-promotion assays, tobacco plant height was increased by 8.42% and 8.25% at 60 and 90 days, respectively, after inoculation with strain YC0136. Strain YC0136 also promoted the accumulation of tobacco biomass in varying degrees. Following inoculation with strain YC0136, 3,525 and 4,368 tobacco genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Strain YC0136 induced the expression of plant hormone-related genes in tobacco, including auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin, as well as transcription factors related to stress resistance such as WRKY and MYB. In addition, strain YC0136 induced the up-regulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway by 1.51-4.59 times. Interaction with tobacco also induced gene expression changes in strain YC0136, with 286 and 223 genes up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Tobacco interaction induced up-regulation of the ilvB gene related to auxin biosynthesis in strain YC0136 by 1.72 times and induced expression of some nutrient transport genes. This study contributes to our understanding of the growth-promoting mechanisms of strain YC0136 on tobacco and provides a theoretical basis for the application of P. polymyxa YC0136 as a biological fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Han
- Zunyi Tobacco Monopoly Administration of Guizhou, Zunyi, China
| | - Yulong Peng
- Zunyi Tobacco Monopoly Administration of Guizhou, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zunyi Tobacco Monopoly Administration of Guizhou, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanqin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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29
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Liu A, Zhang P, Bai B, Bai F, Jin T, Ren J. Volatile Organic Compounds of Endophytic Burkholderia pyrrocinia Strain JK-SH007 Promote Disease Resistance in Poplar. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1610-1620. [PMID: 32271644 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2366-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and pathogen resistance. However, little is known about the influence of VOCs released from endophytic strains (Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007) on controlling pathogens or inducing systemic resistance in poplar. In this study, we found that VOCs produced by strain JK-SH007 inhibit three poplar canker pathogens (Cytospora chrysosperma, Phomopsis macrospora, and Fusicoccum aesculi) and promote defense enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenol (TP) accumulation. Thirteen kinds of VOC components were identified using the solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) accounted for the largest proportion of these VOCs. Treatments of poplar seedlings with different volumes of VOC standards (DMDS, benzothiazole, dimethylthiomethane, and phenylacetone) showed that DMDS had the greatest effects on various defense enzyme activities and MDA and TP accumulation. We also found that the inhibitory effect of the VOCs on the three pathogens was gradually enhanced with increasing standard volume. Moreover, the treatment of samples with DMDS significantly reduced the severity and development of the disease caused by three poplar canker pathogens. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of poplar seedlings treated with DMDS showed that there were 1,586 differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stems, and quantitative PCR showed that the gene expression trends were highly consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The most significant transcriptomic changes induced by VOCs were related to hormone signal transduction, transcriptional regulation of plant-pathogen interactions, and energy metabolism. Moreover, 137 transcription factors, including members of the ethylene response factor, NAC, WRKY, G2-like, and basic helix-loop-helix protein families, were identified to be involved in the VOC-induced process. This study elucidates the resistance induced by Burkholderia pyrrocinia strain JK-SH007 to poplar canker at the molecular level and can make possible a new method for the comprehensive prevention and control of poplar disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake Liu
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Bianxia Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Fenglin Bai
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- Faculty of Biology Science and Technology, Changzhi University, Shanxi 046011, China
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Liu F, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Cheng B, Li X. APETALA 2 transcription factor CBX1 is a regulator of mycorrhizal symbiosis and growth of Lotus japonicus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:445-455. [PMID: 31912218 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An AP2 family gene CBX1 is involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis and growth of Lotus japonicus. APETALA 2 (AP2) transcriptional regulator is highly conserved in plants. CBX1 from Lotus japonicus is a member of AP2 family. AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) inoculation experiment demonstrated that expression of CBX1 was significantly induced by AMF. Further promoter analysis showed that the - 764 to - 498 bp region of the CBX1 promoter containing CTTC motif is the AMF responsive region. Functional analysis of cbx1 mutant suggested CBX1 is critical for mycorrhizal symbiosis, especially for arbuscule formation. Moreover, under noncolonized condition, overexpression of CBX1 reduced the root length of L. japonicus but increased the size of root system and shoot length, whereas cbx1 mutant reduced the root size and shoot length, but not effect on root length. In addition, cbx1 altered activity of monolignol biosynthetic gene and increased lignin levels. Collectively, these data indicated that CBX1 is a positive regulator of symbiotic activity and plays roles in the growth of L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yunjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Du W, Sun C, Wang B, Wang Y, Dong B, Liu J, Xia J, Xie W, Wang J, Sun J, Liu X, Wang H. Response mechanism of hypocrellin colorants biosynthesis by Shiraia bambusicola to elicitor PB90. AMB Express 2019; 9:146. [PMID: 31522304 PMCID: PMC6745040 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The valuable medicine Shiraia bambusicola P. Henn. and its major active substance hypocrellin exert unique curative effects on skin diseases, diabetes, and cancers. The wild S. bambusicola is endangered due to its harsh breeding conditions and long growth cycle. It is one of the effective ways to utilize the resources sustainably to produce hypocrellin by fermentation of S. bambusicola. PB90 is a protein elicitor isolated from Phytophthora boehmeriae to induce the useful metabolites production in fungi. In this work, PB90 was selected to promote the synthesis hypocrellin by S. bambusicola. To evaluate the effect of PB90 on S. bambusicola, it was found that the induced cells showed decreased biomass, increased cell wall permeability, rapid induction of secondary metabolites, and significant increase of some enzyme activities, which confirmed a strong activation of phenylalanine/flavonoid pathways. Studies on signal molecules and gene expression level in S. bambusicola treated with PB90 have found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) are necessary signal molecules involved in the synthesis of hypocrellin in elicited cells, and increased their signal levels through mutual reaction. We have showed for the first time, the response mechanism of hypocrellin biosynthesis from S. bambusicola to PB90, which may be not only establish a theoretical foundation for the application of PB90 to the mass production of S. bambusicola, but can also motivate further research on the application of PB90 to the conservation and sustainable utilization of other medical fungi.
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Noori A, Donnelly T, Colbert J, Cai W, Newman LA, White JC. Exposure of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum) to silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate: physiological and molecular response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:40-51. [PMID: 31282192 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1634000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials, with applications in sectors as diverse as communications, energy, medicine, and agriculture. This diverse application of AgNPs increases the risk of the release of these materials into the environment and raises the potential for transfer into plants and, subsequently, the human body. To better understand the effects of NPs in agricultural systems, this study investigates plant physiological and molecular responses upon exposure to AgNPs in comparison to silver nitrate (AgNO3). Tomato seedlings (Lycopersison esculentum) were exposed to 10, 20, or 30 mg/L silver (Ag), AgNO3, or AgNPs in hydroponic media for 7 days. A number of endpoints were measured, including plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative and antioxidant responses. The results showed 2-7 times lower growth rate in plants exposed to silver compared to the control. H2O2 and malondialdehyde as oxidative stress indicators were, respectively, 1.7 and 4 times higher in plants exposed to all forms of silver compared to the control. The antioxidative responses increased significantly in plants exposed to Ag and AgNPs compared to the control. However, plants exposed to AgNO3 showed up to 50% lower enzymatic antioxidant activity. At the molecular level, the expression of genes involved in defense responses, including ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX), peroxidase 51 (POX), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, were significantly upregulated upon exposure to silver. The molecular and physiological data showed exposure to all forms of silver resulted in oxidative stress and exposure to AgNPs induced antioxidative and defense responses. However, exposure to AgNO3 resulted in phytotoxicity and failure in antioxidative responses. It indicates the higher reactivity and phytotoxicity of the ionic form of silver compared to NPs. The findings of this study add important information to efforts in attempting to characterize the exposure and risk associated with the release of nanomaterials in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Noori
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Trevor Donnelly
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Colbert
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lee A Newman
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kaducová M, Monje-Rueda MD, García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM, Eliášová A, Gajdošová S, Petruľová V, Betti M, Márquez AJ, Paľove-Balang P. Induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus after UV-B irradiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 236:88-95. [PMID: 30939333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an important environmental factor that may cause reductions in the growth and productivity of plants. In the present work we studied the response to UV-B radiation in leaves of the model legume Lotus japonicus. After UV-B treatment, induction of phenyalanine-ammonia lyase gene expression and enzyme activity was detected. Among the ten genes encoding for PAL found in the L. japonicus genome, LjPAL1 was both the most expressed and the most induced. All the genes encoding for enzymes of the isoflavonoid pathway were also strongly induced; this was paralleled by a marked accumulation of vestitol and isoliquiritigenin. Moreover, accumulation of several other isoflavonoids was also detected. In vitro measurements of the free radical scavenging capacity of vestitol indicated that this compound can be an appropriate free radical scavenger, suggesting a possible role for this molecule in the response to abiotic stress. On the other hand, an increase of flavonol levels was not observed while the expression of the key enzymes for flavonol biosynthesis flavanone-3-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase was decreased. Taken together, these results indicate that L. japonicus follows a peculiar strategy in its response to UV radiation by accumulating isoflavonoids as an possible alternative to accumulation of flavonols as observed in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kaducová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - María Dolores Monje-Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen María Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Adriana Eliášová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Ul. 17. Novembra 1, SK-08116 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Gajdošová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Petruľová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Professor Gárcia González 1, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Paľove-Balang
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik Unversity in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia.
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Rey T, Jacquet C. Symbiosis genes for immunity and vice versa. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29550547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic molecular knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions has largely been gained from reverse and forward genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, as this model plant is unable to establish endosymbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, plant responses to mutualistic symbionts have been studied in parallel in other plant species, mainly legumes. The resulting analyses led to the identification of gene networks involved in various functions, from microbe recognition to signalling and plant responses, thereafter assigned to either mutualistic symbiosis or immunity, according to the nature of the initially inoculated microbe. The increasing development of new pathosystems and genetic resources in model legumes and the implementation of reverse genetics in plants such as rice and tomato that interact with both mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens, have highlighted the dual role of plant genes previously thought to be specific to mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. The next challenges will be to determine whether such genes have similar functions in both types of interaction and if not, whether the perception of microbial compounds or the involvement of specific plant signalling components is responsible for the appropriate plant responses to the encountered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Vijayabharathi R, Gopalakrishnan S, Sathya A, Srinivas V, Sharma M. Deciphering the tri-dimensional effect of endophytic Streptomyces sp. on chickpea for plant growth promotion, helper effect with Mesorhizobium ciceri and host-plant resistance induction against Botrytis cinerea. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:98-107. [PMID: 29894808 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A total of 219 endophytic actinobacteria, isolated from roots, stems and leaves of chickpea, were characterized for antagonistic potential against Botrytis cinerea, causal organism of Botrytis grey mold (BGM) disease, in chickpea. Among them, three most potential endophytes, AUR2, AUR4 and ARR4 were further characterized for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) and nodulating potentials and host-plant resistance against B. cinerea, in chickpea. The sequences of 16 S rDNA gene of the three endophytes were matched with Streptomyces but different species. In planta, the isolate AUR4 alone was able to significantly enhance PGP traits including seed numbers (11.8 vs. 9.8/Plant), seed weight (8 vs. 6.8 g/Plant), pod numbers (13.6 vs. 11.5/Plant), pod weight (9.3 vs. 7.5 g/Plant) and biomass (10.9 vs. 8 g/Plant) over the un-inoculated control in chickpea genotype JG11. Interestingly, consortium of the selected endophytes, AUR2, AUR4 and ARR4 were found less effective than single inoculation. Co-inoculation of the selected endophytes with Mesorhizobium ciceri significantly enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity in five chickpea genotypes including ICCV2, ICCV10, ICC4958, Annigeri and JG11 over the un-inoculated control. The selected endophytes showed antagonistic potential in planta by significant reduction of disease incidence (28─52%) in both single inoculation and consortium treatments over the un-inoculated control across the genotypes ICC4954 (susceptible), ICCV05530 (moderately resistant) and JG11 (unknown resistance). Further, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase and phenolics were found induced in the leaves of chickpea inoculated with selected endophytes over un-inoculated control. Principal component analysis revealed that, the antioxidant enzymes and phenolics were found in the magnitude of ICC4954 < JG11 < ICCV05530 which correlates with their resistance level. The selected endophytes enhanced the plant growth and also host plant resistance against BGM in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Vijayabharathi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Arumugam Sathya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vadlamudi Srinivas
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502324, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Zhou R, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Fang Z, Wang S, Yin J, Chu Z, Ma D. Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Potato Circular RNAs in Response to Pectobacterium carotovorum Subspecies brasiliense Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E71. [PMID: 29280973 PMCID: PMC5796021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information about the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) during potato-Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (Pcb) interaction is currently available. In this study, we conducted the systematic identification of circRNAs from time series samples of potato cultivars Valor (susceptible) and BP1 (disease tolerant) infected by Pcb. A total of 2098 circRNAs were detected and about half (931, 44.38%) were intergenic circRNAs. And differential expression analysis detected 429 significantly regulated circRNAs. circRNAs play roles by regulating parental genes and sponging miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of parental genes and miRNAs targeted mRNAs revealed that these differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were involved in defense response (GO:0006952), cell wall (GO:0005199), ADP binding (GO:0043531), phosphorylation (GO:0016310), and kinase activity (GO:0016301), suggesting the roles of circRNAs in regulating potato immune response. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found that circRNAs were closely related with coding-genes and long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). And together they were cultivar-specifically regulated to strengthen immune response of potato to Pcb infection, implying the roles of circRNAs in reprogramming disease responsive transcriptome. Our results will provide new insights into the potato-Pcb interaction and may lead to novel disease control strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhou
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Jiao Zhao
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Shuping Wang
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Junliang Yin
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Dongfang Ma
- College of Agriculture/College of Horticulture and Gardening/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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