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Tsvetkov V, Yarullina L, Sorokan A, Khabibullina V, Mardanshin I. Activity of Hydrolases and Their Inhibitors in Potato Plants Treated with Bacillus subtilis, Salicylic, and Jasmonic Acids and Affected by the Combined Effect of the Late Blight and the Lack of Moisture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of Bacillus subtilis in combination with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids on the activity of amylases, cellulases, proteases, and their inhibitors in potato leaves in connection with the development of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in conditions of moisture deficiency have been investigated. Plants grown from microtubers were treated with Bacillus subtilis suspension (108 cells/mL) and with a mixture of bacteria with SA (10−6 M), JA (10−7 M), and SA + JA and were then infected with P. infestans (107 spores/mL) and cultivated under drought. Treatment with B. subtilis bacteria, especially in combination with signaling molecules, contributed to a decrease in the degree of pathogen infestation on plants grown with a lack of moisture. Both salicylate and jasmonate signaling pathways play an important role in the regulation of hydrolase activity and the stimulation of plant resistance. The revealed differences in the degree of hydrolase inhibitors activation under the influence of B. subtilis bacteria and signal molecules suggest different paths to the formation of resistance to P. infestans in potato under drought conditions.
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Kumar S, Panwar P, Sehrawat N, Upadhyay SK, Sharma AK, Singh M, Yadav M. Oxalic acid: recent developments for cost-effective microbial production. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic acids are the important compounds that have found numerous applications in various industries. Oxalic acid is one of the important organic acids with different industrial applications. Different microbes have been reported as important sources of various organic acids. Majority of studies have been carried on fungal sources for oxalic acid production. Aspergillus sp. has been found efficient oxalic acid producer. Microbial productions of metabolites including organic acids are considered cost effective and eco-friendly approach over chemical synthesis. Fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid seems to be a good alternative as compared to chemical methods. Microbial production of oxalic acid still requires the extensive and elaborated research for its commercial production from efficient microbes using cost effective substrates. The present text summarizes the production of oxalic acid, its applications and recent developments in the direction of fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics , Janta Vedic College , Baraut-Baghpat , Uttar Pradesh 250611 , India
| | - Priya Panwar
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Nirmala Sehrawat
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Sushil Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology , M.M.E.C., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) , Mullana-Ambala 133207 , India
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Yu YY, Si FJ, Wang N, Wang T, Jin Y, Zheng Y, Yang W, Luo YM, Niu DD, Guo JH, Jiang CH. Bacillus-Secreted Oxalic Acid Induces Tomato Resistance Against Gray Mold Disease Caused by Botrytis cinerea by Activating the JA/ET Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:659-671. [PMID: 36043906 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0289-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are known for their ability to control plant diseases; however, the mechanism of disease control by Bacillus spp. is still unclear. Previously, bacterial organic acids have been implicated in the process of disease suppression. We extracted the total organic acid from Bacillus cereus AR156 culture filtrate and identified oxalic acid (OA) as the programmed cell death-inducing factor. OA strongly suppressed the lesion caused by Botrytis cinerea without significant antagonism against the fungus. Low concentration of OA produced by Bacillus spp. inhibited cell death caused by high concentrations of OA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a low concentration of OA led to higher accumulation of active oxygen-scavenging enzymes in tomato leaves and provoked the expression of defense-related genes. The activation of gene expression relied on the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway but not the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. The disease suppression capacity of OA was confirmed on wild-type tomato and its SA accumulation-deficient line, while the control effect was diminished in JA synthesis-deficient mutant, suggesting that the OA-triggered resistance relied on JA and ethylene (ET) signaling transduction. OA secretion ability was widely distributed among the tested Bacillus strains and the final environmental OA concentration was under strict regulation by a pH-sensitive degradation mechanism. This study provides the first systematic analysis on the role of low-concentration OA secreted and maintained by Bacillus spp. in suppression of gray mold disease and determines the dependence of OA-mediated resistance on the JA/ET signaling pathway. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yu-Ming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Dong-Dong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wu X, Lyu Y, Ren H, Zhou F, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang G, Yang H. Degradation of oxalic acid by Trichoderma afroharzianum and its correlation with cell wall degrading enzymes in antagonising Botrytis cinerea. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2680-2693. [PMID: 35543356 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxalic acid (OA) is one of the pathogenic factors of Botrytis cinerea. Trichoderma afroharzianum exerts both antagonistic and oxalate-degrading effects on B. cinerea. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the elimination of OA by T. afroharzianum and its antagonistic effects on B. cinerea. METHODS AND RESULTS Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatogram (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that T. afroharzianum LTR-2 eliminated 10- or 20-mmol/L OA within 120 h, with the degradation being particularly efficient at the concentration of 20 mmol/L. RNA-seq analysis showed that the oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC) gene Toxdc, β-1,3-exoglucanase gene Tglu, and aspartic protease gene Tpro of LTR-2 were significantly upregulated after treatment with 20-mmol/L OA. RT-qPCR analysis showed that under the conditions of confrontation, Toxdc and three cell wall degrading enzyme (CWDE) genes were upregulated before physical contact with B. cinerea. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed that OA synthesis in B. cinerea was not significantly affected by LTR-2. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a correlation between OA degradation and mycoparasitism in T. afroharzianum when antagonizing B. cinerea at transcriptional level. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The relationship between OA degradation by T. afroharzianum and its effects against B. cinerea provide a new perspective on the antagonism of T. afroharzianum against B. cinerea. In addition, this study provides theoretical data for the scientific application of T. afroharzianum in the field of biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
| | - Yuping Lyu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - He Ren
- Shandong New Times Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi 273400, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
| | - Hetong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, China
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Antifungal Activities of Sulfur and Copper Nanoparticles against Cucumber Postharvest Diseases Caused by Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040412. [PMID: 35448643 PMCID: PMC9028826 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest in various fields owing to their antimicrobial activity; however, the use of NPs as fungicides on plants has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the antifungal activities of sulfur nanoparticles (S-NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) prepared by a green method were evaluated against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The formation of NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The antifungal activities of NPs (5–100 µg/mL), CuSO4 (4000 µg/mL), and micro sulfur (MS) were compared to those of the recommended chemical fungicide Topsin-M 70 WP at a dose of 1000 µg/mL. They were evaluated in vitro and then in vivo at different temperatures (10 and 20 °C) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruits. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble solids (TSS) were determined to study the effects of various treatments on the shelf life of cucumber fruits, compared to untreated cucumber as a positive control. The diameters of S-NPs and Cu-NPs ranged from 10 to 50 nm, and 2 to 12 nm, respectively. The results revealed that S-NPs exhibited the highest antifungal activity, followed by Cu-NPs. However, CuSO4 showed the lowest antifungal activity among all treatments. The antifungal activity of the prepared NPs increased with the increase in NP concentration, while the fungal growth was less at low temperature. The cytotoxicity of the prepared NPs was evaluated against the WI-38 and Vero cell lines in order to assess their applicability and sustainability. S-NPs caused less cytotoxicity than Cu-NPs.
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Estoppey A, Weisskopf L, Di Francesco E, Vallat-Michel A, Bindschedler S, Chain PS, Junier P. Improved methods to assess the effect of bacteria on germination of fungal spores. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6553822. [PMID: 35325127 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFI) play a major role on ecosystem functioning and might be particularly relevant at a specific development stage. For instance, in the case of biological control of fungal pathogens by bacteria, a highly relevant kind of BFI, in-vitro experiments often assess the impact of a bacterium on the inhibition of actively growing mycelia. However, this fails to consider other stages of plant infection such as the germination of a spore or a sclerotium. This study aims to present novel experimental platforms for in-vitro experiments with fungal spores, in order to assess the effect of bacteria on germination and fungal growth control, to recover the metabolites produced in the interaction, and to enhance direct visualisation of BFI. Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus producing oxalic acid (OA) as pathogenicity factor, was used as model. Given that oxalotrophic bacteria have been shown previously to control the growth of B. cinerea, the oxalotrophic bacteria Cupriavidus necator and Cupriavidus oxalaticus were used as models. The experiments performed demonstrated the suitability of the methods and confirmed that both bacteria were able to control the growth of B. cinerea, but only in media in which soluble OA was detected by the fungus. The methods presented here can be easily performed in any microbiology laboratory and are not only applicable to screen for potential biocontrol agents, but also to better understand BFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Estoppey
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eva Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Vallat-Michel
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S Chain
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Balthazar C, Novinscak A, Cantin G, Joly DL, Filion M. Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Against Botrytis cinerea and Other Cannabis Fungal Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:549-560. [PMID: 34293909 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0128-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases in cannabis crops worldwide. With challenging restrictions on pesticide use and few effective control measures, biocontrol agents are needed to manage this disease. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial biocontrol agents with wide-spectrum activity against B. cinerea and other cannabis fungal pathogens. Twelve Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains were first screened with in vitro confrontational assays against 10 culturable cannabis pathogens, namely B. cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium culmorum, F. sporotrichoides, F. oxysporum, Nigrospora sphaerica, N. oryzae, Alternaria alternata, Phoma sp., and Cercospora sp. Six strains displaying the highest inhibitory activity, namely Bacillus velezensis LBUM279, FZB42, LBUM1082, Bacillus subtilis LBUM979, P. synxantha LBUM223, and P. protegens Pf-5, were further assessed in planta where all, except LBUM223, significantly controlled gray mold development on cannabis leaves. Notably, LBUM279 and FZB42 reduced disease severity by at least half compared with water-treated plants and prevented lesion development and/or sporulation up to 9 days after pathogen inoculation. Genomes of LBUM279, LBUM1082, and LBUM979 were sequenced de novo and taxonomic affiliations were determined to ensure nonrelatedness with pathogenic strains. Moreover, the genomes were exempt of detrimental genes encoding major toxins and virulence factors that could otherwise pose a biosafety risk when used on crops. Eighteen gene clusters of potential biocontrol interest were also identified. To our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt to control cannabis fungal diseases in planta by direct antagonism with beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Balthazar
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Amy Novinscak
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Cantin
- Institute of Health and Life Sciences, Collège La Cité, Ottawa, ON K1K 4R3, Canada
| | - David L Joly
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Martin Filion
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada
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Bettenfeld P, Cadena i Canals J, Jacquens L, Fernandez O, Fontaine F, van Schaik E, Courty PE, Trouvelot S. The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health. J Adv Res 2021; 40:1-15. [PMID: 36100319 PMCID: PMC9481934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine interacts different microbiota living around and within its tissues Addition of microbial genes to plant genome gives supplementary functions to the holobiont The composition of grapevine microbiota varies according to endogenous and exogenous factors Microbiota variations can lead to perturbations of grapevine metabolism The link between symptom emergence of dieback and microbial imbalance is currently studied
Background Grapevine is a woody, perennial plant of high economic importance worldwide. Like other plants, it lives in close association with large numbers of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are structured in communities, and each individual can be beneficial, neutral or harmful to the plant. In this sense, microorganisms can interact with each other and regulate plant functions (including immunity) and even provide new ones. Thus, the grapevine associated with its microbial communities constitutes a supra-organism, also called a holobiont, whose functioning is linked to established plant-microorganism interactions. Aim of review The overall health of the plant may be conditioned by the diversity and structure of microbial communities. Consequently, an optimal microbial composition will consist of a microbial balance allowing the plant to be healthy. Conversely, an imbalance of microbial populations could lead to (or be generated by) a decline of the plant. The microbiome is an active component of the host also responsive to biotic and abiotic changes; in that respect, a better understanding of the most important drivers of the composition of plant microbiomes is needed. Key scientific concepts of review This article presents the current state of the art about the grapevine microbiota and its composition according to the plant compartments and the influencing factors. We also focus on situations of imbalance, in particular during plant disease or decline. Finally, we discuss the possible interest of microbial engineering in an agrosystem such as viticulture.
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Bunker ME, Elliott G, Heyer-Gray H, Martin MO, Arnold AE, Weiss SL. Vertically transmitted microbiome protects eggs from fungal infection and egg failure. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:43. [PMID: 34134779 PMCID: PMC8207602 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beneficial microbes can be vertically transmitted from mother to offspring in many organisms. In oviparous animals, bacterial transfer to eggs may improve egg success by inhibiting fungal attachment and infection from pathogenic microbes in the nest environment. Vertical transfer of these egg-protective bacteria may be facilitated through behavioral mechanisms such as egg-tending, but many species do not provide parental care. Thus, an important mechanism of vertical transfer may be the passage of the egg through the maternal cloaca during oviposition itself. In this study, we examined how oviposition affects eggshell microbial communities, fungal attachment, hatch success, and offspring phenotype in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus, a species with no post-oviposition parental care. Results Relative to dissected eggs that did not pass through the cloaca, oviposited eggs had more bacteria and fewer fungal hyphae when examined with a scanning electron microscope. Using high throughput Illumina sequencing, we also found a difference in the bacterial communities of eggshells that did and did not pass through the cloaca, and the diversity of eggshell communities tended to correlate with maternal cloacal diversity only for oviposited eggs, and not for dissected eggs, indicating that vertical transmission of microbes is occurring. Further, we found that oviposited eggs had greater hatch success and led to larger offspring than those that were dissected. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that female S. virgatus lizards transfer beneficial microbes from their cloaca onto their eggs during oviposition, and that these microbes reduce fungal colonization and infection of eggs during incubation and increase female fitness. Cloacal transfer of egg-protective bacteria may be common among oviparous species, and may be especially advantageous to species that lack parental care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00104-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bunker
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - G Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - H Heyer-Gray
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - M O Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - A E Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, AZ, Tucson, USA
| | - S L Weiss
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA.
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Ngolong Ngea GL, Qian X, Yang Q, Dhanasekaran S, Ianiri G, Ballester A, Zhang X, Castoria R, Zhang H. Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2508-2533. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon
| | - Xin Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | | | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Ana‐Rosa Ballester
- Department of Food Biotechnology Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA‐CSIC) Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Verma R, Kaur J. Expression of barley oxalate oxidase confers resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in transgenic Brassica juncea cv Varuna. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:143-154. [PMID: 33527156 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sclerotinia Stem Rot (SSR) caused by the oxalic acid (OA)-secreting necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes significant yields losses in the crop Brassica sps. Oxalate oxidase (OxO) can metabolize OA to CO2 and H2O2. Degradation of OA during the early phase of fungal-host interaction can interfere with the fungal infection and establishment processes. The present study demonstrates the potential of barley oxalate oxidase (BOxO) gene in conferring stable resistance against stem rot in a productive and highly susceptible Brassica juncea cv Varuna under field conditions. Four stable, independent, single-copy transgenic lines (B16, B17, B18, and B53) exhibited a significant reduction in the rate of lesion expansion i.e. 11-26%, 39-47%, and 24-35% reproducibly over the three-generation i.e. T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines correlated with high OxO activity, accumulation of higher levels of H2O2, and robust activation of defense responsive genes upon infection by S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Jagreet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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12
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Grey mould control by oxalate degradation using non-antifungal Pseudomonas abietaniphila strain ODB36. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1605. [PMID: 32005892 PMCID: PMC6994688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grey mould is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes huge economic losses in agriculture. Many types of bacteria are used for biological control of grey mould via competition for space or nutrients and/or the production of antifungal metabolites. Oxalate is a key component of virulent necrotic fungal pathogens. In this study, we isolated non-antifungal oxalate-degrading bacteria (ODB) from the surfaces of oxalate-rich spinach and strawberries to investigate their ability to control necrotic fungal pathogens such as grey mould. A total of 36 bacteria grown on oxalate minimal (OM) agar plates were tested for oxalate-degrading activity. Five isolates exhibiting the highest oxalate degradation activity were subjected to molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two isolates exhibiting non-antifungal activity were subjected to disease suppression assays using Arabidopsis–Botrytis systems. The isolate Pseudomonas abietaniphila ODB36, which exhibited significant plant protective ability, was finally selected for further investigation. Based on whole-genome information, the pseudomonad oxalate degrading (podA) gene, which encodes formyl-CoA transferase, was analysed. The podA− mutant did not inhibit Botrytis infection and oxalate toxicity; the defects were recovered by podA complementation. Purified PodA–His converted oxalate to formate and eliminated oxalate toxicity. These results indicate that P. abietaniphila ODB36 and PodA enzyme are associated with various aspects of grey mould disease inhibitory effects.
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13
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Ul Hassan Z, Al Thani R, Alnaimi H, Migheli Q, Jaoua S. Investigation and Application of Bacillus licheniformis Volatile Compounds for the Biological Control of Toxigenic Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17186-17193. [PMID: 31656892 PMCID: PMC6811857 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antagonistic activity of Bacillus licheniformis BL350-2 against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus and Penicillium. In vitro coincubation for 5 days indicated Aspergillus westerdijkiae BA1 as the most sensitive strain, with a growth inhibition of 62%, followed by A. carbonarius MG7 (60%), Penicillium verrucosum MC12 (53%), A. niger MC05 (50%), A. flavus CM5 (49%), A. parasiticus SB01 (47%), and A. ochraceus MD1 (44%). Likewise, the majority of the tested strains on exposure to bacterial volatiles showed complete inhibition of mycotoxin synthesis. In vivo assays on maize ears resulted in 88% reduction in A. flavus CM5 growth and complete inhibition of fungal sporulation and aflatoxin accumulation. The GC-MS-based volatile profile showed 3-methyl-1-butanol as the most abundant compound. The findings of the present study advocate that B. licheniformis BL350-2 is suitable as a biocontrol agent against mycotoxigenic fungi, at least during storage of cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ul Hassan
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Science and Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roda Al Thani
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Science and Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hajer Alnaimi
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Science and Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento
di Agraria, Università degli Studi
di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Samir Jaoua
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Science and Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- E-mail: . Phone: 00974 4403 4536. Fax: 00974 4403 4531
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14
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Marina M, Romero FM, Villarreal NM, Medina AJ, Gárriz A, Rossi FR, Martinez GA, Pieckenstain FL. Mechanisms of plant protection against two oxalate-producing fungal pathogens by oxalotrophic strains of Stenotrophomonas spp. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:659-674. [PMID: 31187392 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxalotrophic Stenotrophomonas isolated from tomato rhizosphere are able to protect plants against oxalate-producing pathogens by a combination of actions including induction of plant defence signalling callose deposition and the strengthening of plant cell walls and probably the degradation of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid plays a pivotal role in the virulence of the necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this work, we isolated two oxalotrophic strains (OxA and OxB) belonging to the bacterial genus Stenotrophomonas from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Both strains were capable to colonise endophytically Arabidopsis plants and protect them from the damage caused by high doses of oxalic acid. Furthermore, OxA and OxB protected Arabidopsis from S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea infections. Bacterial inoculation induced the production of phenolic compounds and the expression of PR-1. Besides, both isolates exerted a protective effect against fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis mutants affected in the synthesis pathway of salicylic acid (sid2-2) and jasmonate perception (coi1). Callose deposition induced by OxA and OxB was required for protection against phytopathogens. Moreover, B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was reduced in culture media containing cell wall polysaccharides from leaves inoculated with each bacterial strain. These findings suggest that cell walls from Arabidopsis leaves colonised by these bacteria would be less susceptible to pathogen attack. Our results indicate that these oxalotrophic bacteria can protect plants against oxalate-producing pathogens by a combination of actions and show their potential for use as biological control agents against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marina
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Fernando M Romero
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Natalia M Villarreal
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés J Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Horacio Cingolani" Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco R Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Martinez
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando L Pieckenstain
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8,200 CC164, Chascomús, Argentina
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15
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Wang Q, Chen X, Chai X, Xue D, Zheng W, Shi Y, Wang A. The Involvement of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid in the Signaling Pathway of Clonostachys rosea-Induced Resistance to Gray Mold Disease in Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1102-1114. [PMID: 30880572 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-19-0025-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a serious disease that threatens tomato production around the world. Clonostachys rosea has been used successfully as a biocontrol agent against divergent plant pathogens, including B. cinerea. To understand the signal transduction pathway of C. rosea-induced resistance to tomato gray mold disease, the effects of C. rosea on gray mold tomato leaves along with changes in the activities of three defense enzymes (phenylalanine ammonialyase [PAL], polyphenol oxidase [PPO], and catalase [CAT]), second messengers (nitric oxide [NO], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and superoxide anion radical [O2-]), and stress-related genes (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], WRKY, Lexyl2, and atpA) in four different hormone-deficient (jasmonic acid [JA], ethylene [ET], salicylic acid [SA], and gibberellin) tomato mutants were investigated. The results revealed that C. rosea significantly inhibited the growth of mycelia and spore germination of B. cinerea. Furthermore, it reduced the incidence of gray mold disease, induced higher levels of PAL and PPO, and induced lower levels of CAT activities in tomato leaves. Moreover, it also increased NO, H2O2, and O2- levels and the gene expression levels of WRKY, MAPK, atpA, and Lexyl2. The incidence of gray mold disease in four hormone-deficient mutants was higher than that in the corresponding wild-type tomato plants. Among all of these hormone-deficient tomato mutants, JA had the most significant effect in regulating the different signal molecules. Additional study suggested that JA upregulated the expression of Lexyl2, MAPK, and WRKY but downregulated atpA. Furthermore, JA also enhanced the activity of PAL, PPO, and CAT and the production of NO and H2O2. SA downregulated CAT and PAL, whereas ET upregulated PAL but downregulated CAT. This study is of significance in understanding the regulatory pathways and biocontrol mechanism of C. rosea against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Wang
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinfeng Chai
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongqi Xue
- 3 College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuying Shi
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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16
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Lastochkina O, Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Baymiev A, Pusenkova L, Garipova S, Kulabuhova D, Maksimov I. Bacillus Spp.: Efficient Biotic Strategy to Control Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040097. [PMID: 31013814 PMCID: PMC6524353 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
: Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the shelf-life of harvested fruits/vegetables worldwide. Bacillus spp. are considered to be an eco-friendly and bio-safe alternative to traditional chemical fungicides/bactericides due to their intrinsic ability to induce native anti-stress pathways in plants. This review compiles information from multiple scientific databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, ResearchGate, etc.) using the keywords "postharvest diseases", "Bacillus", "Bacillus subtilis", "biocontrol", "storage", "losses", and "fruits/vegetables". To date, numerous examples of successful Bacillus spp. application in controlling various postharvest-emerged pathogens of different fruits/vegetables during handling, transportation, and storage have been described in the literature. The mechanism/s of such action is/are still largely unknown; however, it is suggested that they include: i) competition for space/nutrients with pathogens; ii) production of various bio-active substances with antibiotic activity and cell wall-degrading compounds; and iii) induction of systemic resistance. With that, Bacillus efficiency may depend on various factors including strain characteristics (epiphytes or endophytes), application methods (before or after harvest/storage), type of pathogens/hosts, etc. Endophytic B. subtilis-based products can be more effective because they colonize internal plant tissues and are less dependent on external environmental factors while protecting cells inside. Nevertheless, the mechanism/s of Bacillus action on harvested fruits/vegetables is largely unknown and requires further detailed investigations to fully realize their potential in agricultural/food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lastochkina
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran.
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran 3391653775, Iran.
| | - Andrey Baymiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State University, 450076 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Ludmila Pusenkova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Garipova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State University, 450076 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Darya Kulabuhova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Igor Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
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17
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Palmieri F, Estoppey A, House GL, Lohberger A, Bindschedler S, Chain PSG, Junier P. Oxalic acid, a molecule at the crossroads of bacterial-fungal interactions. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 106:49-77. [PMID: 30798804 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxalic acid is the most ubiquitous and common low molecular weight organic acid produced by living organisms. Oxalic acid is produced by fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals. The aim of this review is to give an overview of current knowledge about the microbial cycling of oxalic acid through ecosystems. Here we review the production and degradation of oxalic acid, as well as its implications in the metabolism for fungi, bacteria, plants, and animals. Indeed, fungi are well known producers of oxalic acid, while bacteria are considered oxalic acid consumers. However, this framework may need to be modified, because the ability of fungi to degrade oxalic acid and the ability of bacteria to produce it, have been poorly investigated. Finally, we will highlight the role of fungi and bacteria in oxalic acid cycling in soil, plant and animal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aislinn Estoppey
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey L House
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Andrea Lohberger
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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18
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Xue M, Yi H. Enhanced Arabidopsis disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea induced by sulfur dioxide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:523-529. [PMID: 28917191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common air pollutant that has complex impacts on plants. The effect of prior exposure to 30mgm-3 SO2 on defence against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) in Arabidopsis thaliana and the possible mechanisms of action were investigated. The results indicated that pre-exposure to 30mgm-3 SO2 resulted in significantly enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection. SO2 pre-treatment significantly enhanced the activities of defence-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1,3-glucanase (BGL) and chitinase (CHI). Transcripts of the defence-related genes PAL, PPO, PR2, and PR3, encoding PAL, PPO, BGL and CHI, respectively, were markedly elevated in Arabidopsis plants pre-exposed to SO2 and subsequently inoculated with B. cinerea (SO2+ treatment group) compared with those that were only treated with SO2 (SO2) or inoculated with B. cinerea (CK+). Moreover, SO2 pre-exposure also led to significant increases in the expression levels of MIR393, MIR160 and MIR167 in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the expression of known targets involved in the auxin signalling pathway, was negatively correlated with their corresponding miRNAs. Additionally, the transcript levels of the primary auxin-response genes GH3-like, BDL/IAA12, and AXR3/IAA17 were markedly repressed. Our findings indicate that 30mgm-3 SO2 pre-exposure enhances disease resistance against B. cinerea in Arabidopsis by priming defence responses through enhancement of defence-related gene expression and enzyme activity, and miRNA-mediated suppression of the auxin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhao Xue
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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19
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Inderbitzin P, Ward J, Barbella A, Solares N, Izyumin D, Burman P, Chellemi DO, Subbarao KV. Soil Microbiomes Associated with Verticillium Wilt-Suppressive Broccoli and Chitin Amendments are Enriched with Potential Biocontrol Agents. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:31-43. [PMID: 28876209 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-17-0242-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two naturally infested Verticillium wilt-conducive soils from the Salinas Valley of coastal California were amended with disease-suppressive broccoli residue or crab meal amendments, and changes to the soil prokaryote community were monitored using Illumina sequencing of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene library generated from 160 bulk soil samples. The experiment was run in a greenhouse, twice, with eggplant as the Verticillium wilt-susceptible host. Disease suppression, plant height, soil microsclerotia density, and soil chitinase activity were assessed at the conclusion of each experiment. In soil with high microsclerotia density, all amendments significantly reduced Verticillium wilt severity and microsclerotia density, and increased soil chitinase activity. Plant height was increased only in the broccoli-containing treatments. In total, 8,790 error-corrected sequence variants representing 1,917,893 different sequences were included in the analyses. The treatments had a significant impact on the soil microbiome community structure but measures of α diversity did not vary between treatments. Community structure correlated with disease score, plant height, microsclerotia density, and soil chitinase activity, suggesting that the prokaryote community may affect the disease-related response variables or vice versa. Similarly, the abundance of 107 sequence variants correlated with disease-related response variables, which included variants from genera with known antagonists of filamentous fungal plant pathogens, such as Pseudomonas and Streptomyces. Overall, genera with antifungal antagonists were more abundant in amended soils than unamended soils, and constituted up to 8.9% of all sequences in broccoli+crabmeal-amended soil. This study demonstrates that substrate-mediated shifts in soil prokaryote communities are associated with the transition of Verticillium wilt-conducive soils to Verticillium wilt-suppressive soils, and suggests that soils likely harbor numerous additional antagonists of fungal plant pathogens that contribute to the biological suppression of plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Inderbitzin
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Judson Ward
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Alexandra Barbella
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Natalie Solares
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Dmitriy Izyumin
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Prabir Burman
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Dan O Chellemi
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- First and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and fifth and sixth authors: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis; and second, third, fourth, and seventh authors: Driscoll's Strawberry Associates, Watsonville, CA
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20
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Prince DC, Rallapalli G, Xu D, Schoonbeek HJ, Çevik V, Asai S, Kemen E, Cruz-Mireles N, Kemen A, Belhaj K, Schornack S, Kamoun S, Holub EB, Halkier BA, Jones JDG. Albugo-imposed changes to tryptophan-derived antimicrobial metabolite biosynthesis may contribute to suppression of non-host resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Biol 2017; 15:20. [PMID: 28320402 PMCID: PMC5358052 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants are exposed to diverse pathogens and pests, yet most plants are resistant to most plant pathogens. Non-host resistance describes the ability of all members of a plant species to successfully prevent colonization by any given member of a pathogen species. White blister rust caused by Albugo species can overcome non-host resistance and enable secondary infection and reproduction of usually non-virulent pathogens, including the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans on Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the molecular basis of host defense suppression in this complex plant–microbe interaction is unclear. Here, we investigate specific defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis that are suppressed by Albugo infection. Results Gene expression profiling revealed that two species of Albugo upregulate genes associated with tryptophan-derived antimicrobial metabolites in Arabidopsis. Albugo laibachii-infected tissue has altered levels of these metabolites, with lower indol-3-yl methylglucosinolate and higher camalexin accumulation than uninfected tissue. We investigated the contribution of these Albugo-imposed phenotypes to suppression of non-host resistance to P. infestans. Absence of tryptophan-derived antimicrobial compounds enables P. infestans colonization of Arabidopsis, although to a lesser extent than Albugo-infected tissue. A. laibachii also suppresses a subset of genes regulated by salicylic acid; however, salicylic acid plays only a minor role in non-host resistance to P. infestans. Conclusions Albugo sp. alter tryptophan-derived metabolites and suppress elements of the responses to salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Albugo sp. imposed alterations in tryptophan-derived metabolites may play a role in Arabidopsis non-host resistance to P. infestans. Understanding the basis of non-host resistance to pathogens such as P. infestans could assist in development of strategies to elevate food security. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0360-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Prince
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ghanasyam Rallapalli
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henk-Jan Schoonbeek
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Volkan Çevik
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Shuta Asai
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Plant Immunity Research Group, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eric Kemen
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Research Group Fungal Biodiversity, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neftaly Cruz-Mireles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ariane Kemen
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Research Group Fungal Biodiversity, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Khaoula Belhaj
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.,Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Eric B Holub
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick Crop Centre, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, UK
| | - Barbara A Halkier
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jonathan D G Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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21
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Cumeras R, Aksenov AA, Pasamontes A, Fung AG, Cianchetta AN, Doan H, Davis RM, Davis CE. Identification of fungal metabolites from inside Gallus gallus domesticus eggshells by non-invasively detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6649-58. [PMID: 27457106 PMCID: PMC5014728 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The natural porosity of eggshells allows hen eggs to become contaminated with microbes from the nesting material and environment. Those microorganisms can later proliferate due to the humid ambient conditions while stored in refrigerators, causing a potential health hazard to the consumer. The microbes' volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are released by both fungi and bacteria. We studied mVOCs produced by aging eggs likely contaminated by fungi and fresh eggs using the non-invasive detection method of gas-phase sampling of volatiles followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Two different fungal species (Cladosporium macrocarpum and Botrytis cinerea) and two different bacteria species (Stenotrophomas rhizophila and Pseudomonas argentinensis) were identified inside the studied eggs. Two compounds believed to originate from the fungi themselves were identified. One fungus-specific compound was found in both egg and the fungi: trichloromethane. Graphical abstract Trichloromethane is a potential biomarker of fungal contamination of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cumeras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alberto Pasamontes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alexander G Fung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amanda N Cianchetta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hung Doan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - R Michael Davis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Center for Nano and Micro Manufacturing (CNM2), University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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22
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Müller DB, Schubert OT, Röst H, Aebersold R, Vorholt JA. Systems-level Proteomics of Two Ubiquitous Leaf Commensals Reveals Complementary Adaptive Traits for Phyllosphere Colonization. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3256-3269. [PMID: 27457762 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms, the plant microbiota, exhibiting a defined and conserved taxonomic structure. Niche separation based on spatial segregation and complementary adaptation strategies likely forms the basis for coexistence of the various microorganisms in the plant environment. To gain insights into organism-specific adaptations on a molecular level, we selected two exemplary community members of the core leaf microbiota and profiled their proteomes upon Arabidopsis phyllosphere colonization. The highly quantitative mass spectrometric technique SWATH MS was used and allowed for the analysis of over two thousand proteins spanning more than three orders of magnitude in abundance for each of the model strains. The data suggest that Sphingomonas melonis utilizes amino acids and hydrocarbon compounds during colonization of leaves whereas Methylobacterium extorquens relies on methanol metabolism in addition to oxalate metabolism, aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis and alkanesulfonate utilization. Comparative genomic analyses indicates that utilization of oxalate and alkanesulfonates is widespread among leaf microbiota members whereas, aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis is almost exclusively found in Methylobacteria. Despite the apparent niche separation between these two strains we also found a relatively small subset of proteins to be coregulated, indicating common mechanisms, underlying successful leaf colonization. Overall, our results reveal for two ubiquitous phyllosphere commensals species-specific adaptations to the host environment and provide evidence for niche separation within the plant microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Müller
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olga T Schubert
- §Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Röst
- §Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- §Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; ¶Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Vorholt
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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23
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Berriri S, Gangappa SN, Kumar SV. SWR1 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Subunits and H2A.Z Have Non-overlapping Functions in Immunity and Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1051-65. [PMID: 27131447 PMCID: PMC4938710 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes by the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is a critical step in eukaryotic gene regulation. In Arabidopsis, SWR1c and H2A.Z have been shown to control gene expression underlying development and environmental responses. Although they have been implicated in defense, the specific roles of the complex subunits and H2A.Z in immunity are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the roles of the SWR1c subunits, PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1 (PIE1), ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 (ARP6), and SWR1 COMPLEX 6 (SWC6), as well as H2A.Z, in defense and gene regulation. We found that SWR1c components play different roles in resistance to different pathogens. Loss of PIE1 and SWC6 function as well as depletion of H2A.Z led to reduced basal resistance, while loss of ARP6 fucntion resulted in enhanced resistance. We found that mutations in PIE1 and SWC6 resulted in impaired effector-triggered immunity. Mutation in SWR1c components and H2A.Z also resulted in compromised jasmonic acid/ethylene-mediated immunity. Genome-wide expression analyses similarly reveal distinct roles for H2A.Z and SWR1c components in gene regulation, and suggest a potential role for PIE1 in the regulation of the cross talk between defense signaling pathways. Our data show that although they are part of the same complex, Arabidopsis SWR1c components could have non-redundant functions in plant immunity and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha Berriri
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - S Vinod Kumar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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24
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Li L, Yang M, Luo J, Qu Q, Chen Y, Liang L, Zhang K. Nematode-trapping fungi and fungus-associated bacteria interactions: the role of bacterial diketopiperazines and biofilms on Arthrobotrys oligospora surface in hyphal morphogenesis. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3827-3839. [PMID: 27130625 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In soil, nematode-trapping fungi and bacteria often share microhabitats and interact with each other, but effects of fungus-associated bacteria on its trap formation are underestimated. We have ascertained the presence of Stenotrophomonas and Rhizobium genera associated with A. oligospora GJ-1. After A. oligospora GJ-1 without associated bacteria (cured Arthrobotrys) was co-cultivated with Stenotrophomonas and its supernatant extract, microscopic study of hyphae from co-cultivation indicated that bacterial biofilm formation on hyphae was related to trap formation in fungi and Stenotrophomonas supernatant extract. Four diketopiperazines (DKPs) were purified from Stenotrophomonas supernatant extract that could not induce traps in the cured Arthrobotrys. When cured Arthrobotrys was cultured with Stenotrophomonas and one of DKPs, polar attachment, bacterial biofilms on hyphae and trap formation in fungi were observed. After cured Arthrobotrys with bacterial biofilms was consecutively transferred several times on nutrient poor medium, trap formation disappeared with the disappearance of bacterial biofilms on hyphae. DKPs could facilitate chemotaxis of Stenotrophomonas towards fungal extract which was suggested to contribute to bacterial biofilms on hyphae. Furthermore, when cured Arthrobotrys was cultured with Stenotrophomonas and DKPs in soil, trap formation in fungi and bacterial biofilms on hyphae were also observed, and the fungal activity against nematode was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Lianming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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25
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Kumar V, Chattopadhyay A, Ghosh S, Irfan M, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S, Datta A. Improving nutritional quality and fungal tolerance in soya bean and grass pea by expressing an oxalate decarboxylase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1394-405. [PMID: 26798990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soya bean (Glycine max) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seeds are important sources of dietary proteins; however, they also contain antinutritional metabolite oxalic acid (OA). Excess dietary intake of OA leads to nephrolithiasis due to the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidneys. Besides, OA is also a known precursor of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a neurotoxin found in grass pea. Here, we report the reduction in OA level in soya bean (up to 73%) and grass pea (up to 75%) seeds by constitutive and/or seed-specific expression of an oxalate-degrading enzyme, oxalate decarboxylase (FvOXDC) of Flammulina velutipes. In addition, β-ODAP level of grass pea seeds was also reduced up to 73%. Reduced OA content was interrelated with the associated increase in seeds micronutrients such as calcium, iron and zinc. Moreover, constitutive expression of FvOXDC led to improved tolerance to the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that requires OA during host colonization. Importantly, FvOXDC-expressing soya bean and grass pea plants were similar to the wild type with respect to the morphology and photosynthetic rates, and seed protein pool remained unaltered as revealed by the comparative proteomic analysis. Taken together, these results demonstrated improved seed quality and tolerance to the fungal pathogen in two important legume crops, by the expression of an oxalate-degrading enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sumit Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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26
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Hervé V, Junier T, Bindschedler S, Verrecchia E, Junier P. Diversity and ecology of oxalotrophic bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:28. [PMID: 26748805 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate is present in environments as diverse as soils or gastrointestinal tracts. This organic acid can be found as free acid or forming metal salts (e.g. calcium, magnesium). Oxalotrophy, the ability to use oxalate as carbon and energy sources, is mainly the result of bacterial catabolism, which can be either aerobic or anaerobic. Although some oxalotrophic bacterial strains are commonly used as probiotics, little is known about the diversity and ecology of this functional group. This review aims at exploring the taxonomic distribution and the phylogenetic diversity of oxalotrophic bacteria across biomes. In silico analyses were conducted using the two key enzymes involved in oxalotrophy: formyl-coenzyme A (CoA) transferase (EC 2.8.3.16) and oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.8), encoded by the frc and oxc genes, respectively. Our analyses revealed that oxalate-degrading bacteria are restricted to three phyla, namely Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and originated from terrestrial, aquatic and clinical environments. Diversity analyses at the protein level suggest that total Oxc diversity is more constrained than Frc diversity and that bacterial oxalotrophic diversity is not yet fully described. Finally, the contribution of oxalotrophic bacteria to ecosystem functioning as well as to the carbon cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hervé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Geopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Verrecchia
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Geopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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27
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Lim YL, Ee R, Yong D, Tee KK, Yin WF, Chan KG. Complete genome of Pandoraea pnomenusa RB-38, an oxalotrophic bacterium isolated from municipal solid waste landfill site. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:83-4. [PMID: 26393955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pandoraea pnomenusa RB-38 is a bacterium isolated from a former sanitary landfill site. Here, we present the complete genome of P. pnomenusa RB38 in which an oxalate utilization pathway was identified. The genome analysis suggested the potential of this strain as an effective biocontrol agent against oxalate-producing phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lue Lim
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robson Ee
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Delicia Yong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Keng Tee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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28
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Bardin M, Ajouz S, Comby M, Lopez-Ferber M, Graillot B, Siegwart M, Nicot PC. Is the efficacy of biological control against plant diseases likely to be more durable than that of chemical pesticides? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:566. [PMID: 26284088 PMCID: PMC4515547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The durability of a control method for plant protection is defined as the persistence of its efficacy in space and time. It depends on (i) the selection pressure exerted by it on populations of plant pathogens and (ii) on the capacity of these pathogens to adapt to the control method. Erosion of effectiveness of conventional plant protection methods has been widely studied in the past. For example, apparition of resistance to chemical pesticides in plant pathogens or pests has been extensively documented. The durability of biological control has often been assumed to be higher than that of chemical control. Results concerning pest management in agricultural systems have shown that this assumption may not always be justified. Resistance of various pests to one or several toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis and apparition of resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to the C. pomonella granulovirus have, for example, been described. In contrast with the situation for pests, the durability of biological control of plant diseases has hardly been studied and no scientific reports proving the loss of efficiency of biological control agents against plant pathogens in practice has been published so far. Knowledge concerning the possible erosion of effectiveness of biological control is essential to ensure a durable efficacy of biological control agents on target plant pathogens. This knowledge will result in identifying risk factors that can foster the selection of strains of plant pathogens resistant to biological control agents. It will also result in identifying types of biological control agents with lower risk of efficacy loss, i.e., modes of action of biological control agents that does not favor the selection of resistant isolates in natural populations of plant pathogens. An analysis of the scientific literature was then conducted to assess the potential for plant pathogens to become resistant to biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bardin
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Sakhr Ajouz
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Morgane Comby
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
| | - Miguel Lopez-Ferber
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom, Alès, France
| | - Benoît Graillot
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, Institut Mines-Telecom, Alès, France
- Natural Plant Protection,Arysta LifeScience Group, Pau, France
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1115, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe C. Nicot
- Plant Pathology Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR407, Montfavet, France
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29
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Shim CK, Kim MJ, Kim YK, Jee HJ. Evaluation of lettuce germplasm resistance to gray mold disease for organic cultivations. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:90-95. [PMID: 25288990 PMCID: PMC4174840 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.07.2013.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 212 accessions of lettuce germplasm to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. The lettuce germplasm were composed of five species: Lactuca sativa (193 accessions), L. sativa var. longifolia (2 accessions), L. sativa var. crispa (2 accessions), L. saligna (2 accessions), and L. serriola (1 accession); majority of these originated from Korea, Netherlands, USA, Russia, and Bulgaria. After 35 days of spray inoculation with conidial suspension (3×10(7) conidia/ml) of B. cinerea on the surface of lettuce leaves, tested lettuce germplasm showed severe symptoms of gray mold disease. There were 208 susceptible accessions to B. cinerea counted with 100% of disease incidence and four resistant accessions, IT908801, K000598, K000599, and K021055. Two moderately resistant accessions of L. sativa, K021055 and IT908801, showed 20% of disease incidence of gray mold disease at 45 days after inoculation; and two accessions of L. saligna, K000598 and K000599, which are wild relatives of lettuce germplasm with loose-leaf type, showed complete resistance to B. cinerea. These four accessions are candidates for breeding lettuce cultivars resistant to gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-31-290-0545, FAX) +82-31-290-0507, E-mail)
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30
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Kost T, Stopnisek N, Agnoli K, Eberl L, Weisskopf L. Oxalotrophy, a widespread trait of plant-associated Burkholderia species, is involved in successful root colonization of lupin and maize by Burkholderia phytofirmans. Front Microbiol 2014; 4:421. [PMID: 24409174 PMCID: PMC3886118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots and shoots harbor complex bacterial communities. Early seed and plantlet colonization plays a key role in determining which bacterial populations will successfully invade plant tissues, yet the mechanisms enabling plants to select for beneficial rather than harmful populations are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate a role of oxalate as a determinant in this selection process, using members of the genus Burkholderia as model organisms. Oxalotrophy, i.e., the ability to use oxalate as a carbon source, was found to be a property strictly associated with plant-beneficial species of the Burkholderia genus, while plant pathogenic (B. glumae, B. plantarii) or human opportunistic pathogens (Burkholderia cepacia complex strains) were unable to degrade oxalate. We further show that oxalotrophy is required for successful plant colonization by the broad host endophyte Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN: an engineered Δoxc mutant, which lost the ability to grow on oxalate, was significantly impaired in early colonization of both lupin and maize compared with the wild-type. This work suggests that in addition to the role of oxalate in heavy metal tolerance of plants and in virulence of phytopathogenic fungi, it is also involved in specifically recruiting plant-beneficial members from complex bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nejc Stopnisek
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Ecology of Noxious and Beneficial Organisms, Institute of Sustainability Sciences Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsty Agnoli
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Ecology of Noxious and Beneficial Organisms, Institute of Sustainability Sciences Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Serrano M, Coluccia F, Torres M, L’Haridon F, Métraux JP. The cuticle and plant defense to pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:274. [PMID: 24982666 PMCID: PMC4056637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle provides a physical barrier against water loss and protects against irradiation, xenobiotics, and pathogens. Components of the cuticle are perceived by invading fungi and activate developmental processes during pathogenesis. In addition, cuticle alterations of various types induce a syndrome of reactions that often results in resistance to necrotrophs. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of the cuticle in relation to the perception of pathogens and activation of defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Métraux
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Métraux, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland e-mail:
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Bravo D, Cailleau G, Bindschedler S, Simon A, Job D, Verrecchia E, Junier P. Isolation of oxalotrophic bacteria able to disperse on fungal mycelium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 348:157-66. [PMID: 24106816 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A technique based on an inverted Petri dish system was developed for the growth and isolation of soil oxalotrophic bacteria able to disperse on fungal mycelia. The method is related to the 'fungal highways' dispersion theory in which mycelial fungal networks allow active movement of bacteria in soil. Quantification of this phenomenon showed that bacterial dispersal occurs preferentially in upper soil horizons. Eight bacteria and one fungal strain were isolated by this method. The oxalotrophic activity of the isolated bacteria was confirmed through calcium oxalate dissolution in solid selective medium. After separation of the bacteria-fungus couple, partial sequencing of the 16S and the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of the ribosomal RNA genes were used for the identification of bacteria and the associated fungus. The isolated oxalotrophic bacteria included strains related to Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Cohnella, and Variovorax. The recovered fungus corresponded to Trichoderma sp. A test carried out to verify bacterial transport in an unsaturated medium showed that all the isolated bacteria were able to migrate on Trichoderma hyphae or glass fibers to re-colonize an oxalate-rich medium. The results highlight the importance of fungus-driven bacterial dispersal to understand the functional role of oxalotrophic bacteria and fungi in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bravo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Biotransformation of the fungal phytotoxin fomannoxin by soil streptomycetes. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:931-41. [PMID: 23674123 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere-associated Streptomyces sp. AcH 505 (AcH 505) promotes infection of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with the pathogenic fungus Heterobasidion abietinum 331, while Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2 (GB 4-2) enhances spruce defense against the fungus. To identify whether these bacteria influence the availability of the fungal phytotoxin fomannoxin and hence spruce infection, we analyzed the fomannoxin yield in H. abietinum 331-AcH 505 dual cultures. Further, the fate of fomannoxin was studied by adding the compound to cultures of AcH 505, GB 4-2 and nine other soil streptomycetes. Culture filtrates were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by HPLC. Structures of novel compounds were elucidated by HPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Phytotoxicity of the compounds was determined by in vivo measurement of maximum photosystem II efficiency of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The amount of fomannoxin in H. abietinum 331-AcH 505 dual cultures was reduced compared to axenic fungus cultures and fungus-plant dual cultures. Following addition of fomannoxin to AcH 505 cultures, the compound disappeared and three novel fomannoxin derivatives without phytotoxic activity were detected. Another novel compound, fomannoxin amide, was discovered following fomannoxin addition to GB 4-2 cultures. Nine other streptomycetes converted fomannoxin into fomannoxin acid or fomannoxin amide. Both compounds exhibit the same phytotoxicity as fomannoxin. We, thus, conclude that the streptomycete-mediated modulation of spruce infection with H. abietinum 331 does not depend on the availability of fomannoxin. We further add evidence to the observation that the lipophilic side chain of fomannoxin is an important structural element for its phytotoxicity.
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Frey-Klett P, Burlinson P, Deveau A, Barret M, Tarkka M, Sarniguet A. Bacterial-fungal interactions: hyphens between agricultural, clinical, environmental, and food microbiologists. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:583-609. [PMID: 22126995 PMCID: PMC3232736 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frey-Klett
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France.
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A permeable cuticle is associated with the release of reactive oxygen species and induction of innate immunity. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002148. [PMID: 21829351 PMCID: PMC3145797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounded leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana show transient immunity to Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. Using a fluorescent probe, histological staining and a luminol assay, we now show that reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H(2)O(2) and O(2) (-), are produced within minutes after wounding. ROS are formed in the absence of the enzymes Atrboh D and F and can be prevented by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or catalase. H(2)O(2) was shown to protect plants upon exogenous application. ROS accumulation and resistance to B. cinerea were abolished when wounded leaves were incubated under dry conditions, an effect that was found to depend on abscisic acid (ABA). Accordingly, ABA biosynthesis mutants (aba2 and aba3) were still fully resistant under dry conditions even without wounding. Under dry conditions, wounded plants contained higher ABA levels and displayed enhanced expression of ABA-dependent and ABA-reporter genes. Mutants impaired in cutin synthesis such as bdg and lacs2.3 are already known to display a high level of resistance to B. cinerea and were found to produce ROS even when leaves were not wounded. An increased permeability of the cuticle and enhanced ROS production were detected in aba2 and aba3 mutants as described for bdg and lacs2.3. Moreover, leaf surfaces treated with cutinase produced ROS and became more protected to B. cinerea. Thus, increased permeability of the cuticle is strongly linked with ROS formation and resistance to B. cinerea. The amount of oxalic acid, an inhibitor of ROS secreted by B. cinerea could be reduced using plants over expressing a fungal oxalate decarboxylase of Trametes versicolor. Infection of such plants resulted in a faster ROS accumulation and resistance to B. cinerea than that observed in untransformed controls, demonstrating the importance of fungal suppression of ROS formation by oxalic acid. Thus, changes in the diffusive properties of the cuticle are linked with the induction ROS and attending innate defenses.
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Maksimov IV, Abizgil’dina RR, Pusenkova LI. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alternative to chemical crop protectors from pathogens (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683811040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gombert AK, Veiga T, Puig-Martinez M, Lamboo F, Nijland JG, Driessen AJM, Pronk JT, Daran JM. Functional characterization of the oxaloacetase encoding gene and elimination of oxalate formation in the β-lactam producer Penicillium chrysogenum. Fungal Genet Biol 2011; 48:831-9. [PMID: 21549851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium chrysogenum is widely used as an industrial antibiotic producer, in particular in the synthesis of ß-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins. In industrial processes, oxalic acid formation leads to reduced product yields. Moreover, precipitation of calcium oxalate complicates product recovery. We observed oxalate production in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of P. chrysogenum grown with or without addition of adipic acid, side-chain of the cephalosporin precursor adipoyl-6-aminopenicillinic acid (ad-6-APA). Oxalate accounted for up to 5% of the consumed carbon source. In filamentous fungi, oxaloacetate hydrolase (OAH; EC3.7.1.1) is generally responsible for oxalate production. The P. chrysogenum genome harbours four orthologs of the A. niger oahA gene. Chemostat-based transcriptome analyses revealed a significant correlation between extracellular oxalate titers and expression level of the genes Pc18g05100 and Pc22g24830. To assess their possible involvement in oxalate production, both genes were cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast that does not produce oxalate. Only the expression of Pc22g24830 led to production of oxalic acid in S. cerevisiae. Subsequent deletion of Pc22g28430 in P. chrysogenum led to complete elimination of oxalate production, whilst improving yields of the cephalosporin precursor ad-6-APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gombert
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628BC Delft, The Netherlands
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Perchepied L, Balagué C, Riou C, Claudel-Renard C, Rivière N, Grezes-Besset B, Roby D. Nitric oxide participates in the complex interplay of defense-related signaling pathways controlling disease resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:846-60. [PMID: 20521948 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum have been hampered by the extreme susceptibility of this model plant to the fungus. In addition, analyses of the plant defense response suggested the implication of a complex interplay of hormonal and signaling pathways. To get a deeper insight into this host-pathogen interaction, we first analyzed the natural variation in Arabidopsis for resistance to S. sclerotiorum. The results revealed a large variation of resistance and susceptibility in Arabidopsis, with some ecotypes, such as Ws-4, Col-0, and Rbz-1, being strongly resistant, and others, such as Shahdara, Ita-0, and Cvi-0, exhibiting an extreme susceptibility. The role of different signaling pathways in resistance was then determined by assessing the symptoms of mutants affected in the perception, production, or transduction of hormonal signals after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum. This analysis led to the conclusions that i) signaling of inducible defenses is predominantly mediated by jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, influenced by ethylene, and independent of salicylic acid; and ii) nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species are important signals required for plant resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Defense gene expression analysis supported the specific role of NO in defense activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Perchepied
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR CNrS-INRA 2594/441, BP 52627, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Stefanato FL, Abou-Mansour E, Buchala A, Kretschmer M, Mosbach A, Hahn M, Bochet CG, Métraux JP, Schoonbeek HJ. The ABC transporter BcatrB from Botrytis cinerea exports camalexin and is a virulence factor on Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 58:499-510. [PMID: 19154205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is known to produce the phytoalexin camalexin in response to abiotic and biotic stress. Here we studied the mechanisms of tolerance to camalexin in the fungus Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic pathogen of A. thaliana. Exposure of B. cinerea to camalexin induces expression of BcatrB, an ABC transporter that functions in the efflux of fungitoxic compounds. B. cinerea inoculated on wild-type A. thaliana plants yields smaller lesions than on camalexin-deficient A. thaliana mutants. A B. cinerea strain lacking functional BcatrB is more sensitive to camalexin in vitro and less virulent on wild-type plants, but is still fully virulent on camalexin-deficient mutants. Pre-treatment of A. thaliana with UV-C leads to increased camalexin accumulation and substantial resistance to B. cinerea. UV-C-induced resistance was not seen in the camalexin-deficient mutants cyp79B2/B3, cyp71A13, pad3 or pad2, and was strongly reduced in ups1. Here we demonstrate that an ABC transporter is a virulence factor that increases tolerance of the pathogen towards a phytoalexin, and the complete restoration of virulence on host plants lacking this phytoalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Stefanato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 8, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Sahin N, Kato Y, Yilmaz F. Taxonomy of oxalotrophic Methylobacterium strains. Naturwissenschaften 2008; 95:931-8. [PMID: 18581089 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-008-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most of the oxalotrophic bacteria are facultative methylotrophs and play important ecological roles in soil fertility and cycling of elements. This study gives a detailed picture of the taxonomy and diversity of these bacteria and provides new information about the taxonomical variability within the genus Methylobacterium. Twelve mesophilic, pink-pigmented, and facultatively methylotrophic oxalate-oxidizing strains were included in this work that had been previously isolated from the soil and some plant tissues by the potassium oxalate enrichment method. The isolates were characterized using biochemical tests, cellular lipid profiles, spectral characteristics of carotenoid pigments, G+C content of the DNA, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The taxonomic similarities among the strains were analyzed using the simple matching (S (SM)) and Jaccard (S (J)) coefficients, and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. The phylogenetic position of the strains was inferred by the neighbor-joining method on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences. All isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, oxidase and catalase positive, and required no growth factors. Based on the results of numerical taxonomy, the strains formed four closely related clusters sharing > or =85% similarity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that oxalotrophic, pink-pigmented, and facultatively methylotrophic strains could be identified as members of the genus Methylobacterium. Except for M. variabile and M. aquaticum, all of the Methylobacterium type strains tested had the ability of oxalate utilization. Our results indicate that the capability of oxalate utilization seems to be an uncommon trait and could be used as a valuable taxonomic criterion for differentiation of Methylobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Sahin
- Egitim Fakultesi, Mugla University, 48170 Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey.
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