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Tong C, Zhang Y, Shi F. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the NLR gene family in Medicago ruthenica. Front Genet 2023; 13:1088763. [PMID: 36704335 PMCID: PMC9871256 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1088763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicago ruthenica, important forage in the legume family, possesses high nutritional value and carries abundant tolerance genes. This study used whole-genome data of M. ruthenica to perform a genome-wide analysis of the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) gene family, which is the largest family of plant disease resistance genes (R genes). A total of 338 NLR genes were identified in the M. ruthenica genome, including 160 typical genes that contained 80 coiled-coil (CC)-NBS-LRR (CNL) genes, 76 toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes, four resistance to powdery mildew 8 (RPW8)-NBS-LRR (RNL) subclass genes, and 178 atypical NLR genes encoding proteins without at least one important domain. Among its eight chromosomes, M. ruthenica chromosomes 3 and 8 contained most of the NLR genes. More than 40% of all NLR genes were located on these two chromosomes, mainly in multigene clusters. The NLR proteins of M. ruthenica had six highly conserved motifs: P-loop, GLPL, RNBS-D, kinase-2, RNBS-C, and MHDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NLR genes of M. ruthenica formed three deeply separated clades according to the N-terminal domain of the proteins encoded by these genes. Gene duplication and syntenic analysis suggested four gene duplication types in the NLR genes of M. ruthenica, namely, tandem, proximal, dispersed, and segmental duplicates, which involved 189, 49, 59, and 41 genes, respectively. A total of 41 segmental duplication genes formed 23 NLR gene pairs located on syntenic chromosomal blocks mainly between chromosomes 6 and 7. In addition, syntenic analysis between M. truncatula and M. ruthenica revealed 193 gene pairs located on syntenic chromosomal blocks of the two species. The expression analysis of M. ruthenica NLR genes showed that 303 (89.6%) of the NLR genes were expressed in different varieties. Overall, this study described the full NLR profile of the M. ruthenica genome to provide an important resource for mining disease-resistant genes and disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Tong
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Ministry of Education, Hohhot, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Ministry of Education, Hohhot, China
| | - Fengling Shi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Ministry of Education, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Fengling Shi,
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2
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Frey LA, Vleugels T, Ruttink T, Schubiger FX, Pégard M, Skøt L, Grieder C, Studer B, Roldán-Ruiz I, Kölliker R. Phenotypic variation and quantitative trait loci for resistance to southern anthracnose and clover rot in red clover. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4337-4349. [PMID: 36153770 PMCID: PMC9734235 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High variability for and candidate loci associated with resistance to southern anthracnose and clover rot in a worldwide collection of red clover provide a first basis for genomics-assisted breeding. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume of temperate regions, particularly valued for its high yield potential and its high forage quality. Despite substantial breeding progress during the last decades, continuous improvement of cultivars is crucial to ensure yield stability in view of newly emerging diseases or changing climatic conditions. The high amount of genetic diversity present in red clover ecotypes, landraces, and cultivars provides an invaluable, but often unexploited resource for the improvement of key traits such as yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A collection of 397 red clover accessions was genotyped using a pooled genotyping-by-sequencing approach with 200 plants per accession. Resistance to the two most pertinent diseases in red clover production, southern anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, and clover rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum, was assessed using spray inoculation. The mean survival rate for southern anthracnose was 22.9% and the mean resistance index for clover rot was 34.0%. Genome-wide association analysis revealed several loci significantly associated with resistance to southern anthracnose and clover rot. Most of these loci are in coding regions. One quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 explained 16.8% of the variation in resistance to southern anthracnose. For clover rot resistance we found eight QTL, explaining together 80.2% of the total phenotypic variation. The SNPs associated with these QTL provide a promising resource for marker-assisted selection in existing breeding programs, facilitating the development of novel cultivars with increased resistance against two devastating fungal diseases of red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Frey
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Vleugels
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Franz X Schubiger
- Agroscope, Plant Breeding, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Pégard
- INRAE, Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, UR4 (UR P3F), 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Leif Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Christoph Grieder
- Agroscope, Plant Breeding, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roland Kölliker
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gupta A, Awasthi P, Sharma N, Parveen S, Vats RP, Singh N, Kumar Y, Goel A, Chandran D. Medicarpin confers powdery mildew resistance in Medicago truncatula and activates the salicylic acid signalling pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:966-983. [PMID: 35263504 PMCID: PMC9190973 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe pisi is an economically important disease of legumes. Legumes are rich in isoflavonoids, a class of secondary metabolites whose role in PM resistance is ambiguous. Here we show that the pterocarpan medicarpin accumulates at fungal infection sites, as analysed by fluorescein-tagged medicarpin, and provides penetration and post-penetration resistance against E. pisi in Medicago truncatula in part through the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. Comparative gene expression and metabolite analyses revealed an early induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation of the defence phytohormones SA and jasmonic acid (JA) in the highly resistant M. truncatula genotype A17 but not in moderately susceptible R108 in response to PM infection. Pretreatment of R108 leaves with medicarpin increased SA levels, SA-associated gene expression, and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide at PM infection sites, and reduced fungal penetration and colony formation. Strong parallels in the levels of medicarpin and SA, but not JA, were observed on medicarpin/SA treatment pre- or post-PM infection. Collectively, our results suggest that medicarpin and SA may act in concert to restrict E. pisi growth, providing new insights into the metabolic and signalling pathways required for PM resistance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Neha Sharma
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ravi P. Vats
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
- Present address:
Institute of Stem Cell Science and Regenerative MedicineBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology InstituteNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
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Sulima AS, Zhukov VA. War and Peas: Molecular Bases of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and Other Legumes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030339. [PMID: 35161319 PMCID: PMC8838241 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes, or pulses, have many beneficial properties that make them potentially attractive to agriculture. However, the large-scale cultivation of legumes faces a number of difficulties, in particular the vulnerability of the currently available cultivars to various diseases that significantly impair yields and seed quality. One of the most dangerous legume pathogens is powdery mildew (a common name for parasitic fungi of the order Erisyphales). This review examines the methods of controlling powdery mildew that are used in modern practice, including fungicides and biological agents. Special attention is paid to the plant genetic mechanisms of resistance, which are the most durable, universal and environmentally friendly. The most studied legume plant in this regard is the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), which possesses naturally occurring resistance conferred by mutations in the gene MLO1 (Er1), for which we list here all the known resistant alleles, including er1-12 discovered by the authors of this review. Recent achievements in the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew in other legumes and prospects for the introduction of this resistance into other agriculturally important legume species are also discussed.
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Batnini M, Haddoudi I, Taamali W, Djebali N, Badri M, Mrabet M, Mhadhbi H. Medicago truncatula in Interaction with Fusarium and Rhizoctonia Phytopathogenic Fungi: Fungal Aggressiveness, Plant Response Biodiversity and Character Heritability Indices. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:315-328. [PMID: 34365743 PMCID: PMC8357562 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium and Rhizoctonia genera are important pathogens of many field crops worldwide. They are constantly evolving and expanding their host range. Selecting resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to break their infection cycles. To this end, we screened a collection of Medicago truncatula accessions against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani strains isolated from different plant species. Despite the small collection, a biodiversity in the disease response of M. truncatula accessions ranging from resistant phenotypes to highly susceptible ones was observed. A17 showed relative resistance to all fungal strains with the lowest disease incidence and ratings while TN1.11 was among the susceptible accessions. As an initiation of the characterization of resistance mechanisms, the antioxidant enzymes' activities, at the early stages of infections, were compared between these contrasting accessions. Our results showed an increment of the antioxidant activities within A17 plants in leaves and roots. We also analyzed the responses of a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of A17 and TN1.11 to the infection with the same fungal strains. The broad-sense heritability of measured traits ranged from 0.87 to 0.95, from 0.72 to 0.96, and from 0.14 to 0.85 under control, F. oxysporum, and R. solani conditions, respectively. This high estimated heritability underlines the importance of further molecular analysis of the observed resistance to identify selection markers that could be incorporated into a breeding program and thus improving soil-borne pathogens resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Batnini
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
| | - Imen Haddoudi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, PB 37005, Czechia
| | - Wael Taamali
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
| | - Naceur Djebali
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mounawer Badri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mrabet
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, PB 2050, Tunisia
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6
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Martins D, Araújo SDS, Rubiales D, Vaz Patto MC. Legume Crops and Biotrophic Pathogen Interactions: A Continuous Cross-Talk of a Multilayered Array of Defense Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1460. [PMID: 33137969 PMCID: PMC7692723 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Legume species are recognized for their nutritional benefits and contribution to the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, their production is threatened by biotic constraints with devastating impacts on crop yield. A deep understanding of the molecular and genetic architecture of resistance sources culminating in immunity is critical to assist new biotechnological approaches for plant protection. In this review, the current knowledge regarding the major plant immune system components of grain and forage legumes challenged with obligate airborne biotrophic fungi will be comprehensively evaluated and discussed while identifying future directions of research. To achieve this, we will address the multi-layered defense strategies deployed by legume crops at the biochemical, molecular, and physiological levels, leading to rapid pathogen recognition and carrying the necessary information to sub-cellular components, on-setting a dynamic and organized defense. Emphasis will be given to recent approaches such as the identification of critical components of host decentralized immune response negatively regulated by pathogens while targeting the loss-of-function of susceptibility genes. We conclude that advances in gene expression analysis in both host and pathogen, protocols for effectoromics pipelines, and high-throughput disease phenomics platforms are rapidly leading to a deeper understanding of the intricate host-pathogen interaction, crucial for efficient disease resistance breeding initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologia António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.d.S.A.); (M.C.V.P.)
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7
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Gupta M, Sharma G, Saxena D, Budhwar R, Vasudevan M, Gupta V, Gupta A, Gupta R, Chandran D. Dual RNA-Seq analysis of Medicago truncatula and the pea powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi uncovers distinct host transcriptional signatures during incompatible and compatible interactions and pathogen effector candidates. Genomics 2019; 112:2130-2145. [PMID: 31837401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a serious fungal disease of legumes. To gain novel insights into PM pathogenesis and host resistance/susceptibility, we used dual RNA-Seq to simultaneously capture host and pathogen transcriptomes at 1 d post-inoculation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula genotypes with the PM Erysiphe pisi (Ep). Differential expression analysis indicates that R-gene mediated resistance against Ep involves extensive transcriptional reprogramming. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed host genes and in silico analysis of co-regulated promoters suggests that amplification of PTI, activation of the JA/ET signaling network, and regulation of growth-defense balance correlate with resistance. In contrast, processes that favor biotrophy, including suppression of defense signaling and programmed cell death, and weaker cell wall defenses are important susceptibility factors. Lastly, Ep effector candidates and genes with known/putative virulence functions were identified, representing a valuable resource that can be leveraged to improve our understanding of legume-PM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Divya Saxena
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Roli Budhwar
- Bionivid Technology Pvt. Ltd., Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.
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8
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Jang YJ, Seo M, Hersh CP, Rhee SJ, Kim Y, Lee GP. An evolutionarily conserved non-synonymous SNP in a leucine-rich repeat domain determines anthracnose resistance in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:473-488. [PMID: 30446794 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A non-synonymous SNP of CC-NBS-LRR was firstly mapped to confer resistance to anthracnose in watermelon. Newly proposed LRR domain harboring the SNP is evolutionary conserved in the Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceae. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum devastates many plants. Despite the importance of the disease, the mechanisms of resistance against it are poorly understood. Here, we identified a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in a leucine-rich repeat domain as a marker for resistance to anthracnose race 1 in watermelon, using a combination of genetic analyses. We validated this SNP in segregating populations and 59 watermelon accessions using high-resolution melting assays and Sanger sequencing. We demonstrated that the resulting arginine-to-lysine substitution is particularly conserved among the Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceae. We identified a conserved motif, IxxLPxSxxxLYNLQTLxL, found in 1007 orthologues/paralogues from 89 plant species, and discovered that residue 18 of this motif could determine resistance to disease caused by external invaders. This study provides a step forward in understanding anthracnose resistance in watermelon, as well as functional and evolutionary insight into leucine-rich repeat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Jang
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Seo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sun-Ju Rhee
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yongjae Kim
- Partner Seeds Co., Ltd., Anseong, 17601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gung Pyo Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Yamchi A, Ben C, Rossignol M, Zareie SR, Mirlohi A, Sayed-Tabatabaei BE, Pichereaux C, Sarrafi A, Rickauer M, Gentzbittel L. Proteomics analysis ofMedicago truncatularesponse to infection by the phytopathogenic bacteriumRalstonia solanacearumpoints to jasmonate and salicylate defence pathways. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Yamchi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology; Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Gorgan Iran
| | - Cécile Ben
- EcoLab; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Universite de Toulouse, IFR40, Plateforme Protéomique du Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Sayed Reza Zareie
- Department of Agricultural biotechnology, College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Aghafakhr Mirlohi
- Department of Agricultural biotechnology, College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Carole Pichereaux
- Universite de Toulouse, IFR40, Plateforme Protéomique du Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; CNRS UMR 5089, 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Ahmad Sarrafi
- EcoLab; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Martina Rickauer
- EcoLab; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
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10
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Garmier M, Gentzbittel L, Wen J, Mysore KS, Ratet P. Medicago truncatula: Genetic and Genomic Resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:318-349. [PMID: 33383982 DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula was chosen by the legume community, along with Lotus japonicus, as a model plant to study legume biology. Since then, numerous resources and tools have been developed for M. truncatula. These include, for example, its genome sequence, core ecotype collections, transformation/regeneration methods, extensive mutant collections, and a gene expression atlas. This review aims to describe the different genetic and genomic tools and resources currently available for M. truncatula. We also describe how these resources were generated and provide all the information necessary to access these resources and use them from a practical point of view. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Garmier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
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11
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Gentzbittel L, Andersen SU, Ben C, Rickauer M, Stougaard J, Young ND. Naturally occurring diversity helps to reveal genes of adaptive importance in legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:269. [PMID: 25954294 PMCID: PMC4404971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes challenge plants and drive adaptation to new conditions, suggesting that natural biodiversity may be a source of adaptive alleles acting through phenotypic plasticity and/or micro-evolution. Crosses between accessions differing for a given trait have been the most common way to disentangle genetic and environmental components. Interestingly, such man-made crosses may combine alleles that never meet in nature. Another way to discover adaptive alleles, inspired by evolution, is to survey large ecotype collections and to use association genetics to identify loci of interest. Both of these two genetic approaches are based on the use of biodiversity and may eventually help us in identifying the genes that plants use to respond to challenges such as short-term stresses or those due to global climate change. In legumes, two wild species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, plus the cultivated soybean (Glycine max) have been adopted as models for genomic studies. In this review, we will discuss the resources, limitations and future plans for a systematic use of biodiversity resources in model legumes to pinpoint genes of adaptive importance in legumes, and their application in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gentzbittel
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Cécile Ben
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Martina Rickauer
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale de ToulouseCastanet Tolosan, France
- EcoLab Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCastanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Nevin D. Young
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MN, USA
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12
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Rispail N, Rubiales D. Identification of Sources of Quantitative Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis in Medicago truncatula. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:667-673. [PMID: 30708554 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-13-0217-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of 267 Medicago truncatula accessions was determined against the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, one of the major constraints of forage and grain legumes worldwide. The initial screening of the collection revealed a wide range of disease response from completely resistant to highly susceptible to one strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. As a result, 26 accessions were identified as resistant, 9 as susceptible, and all other accessions as partially resistant. The phenotype of 12 resistant accessions was confirmed in two independent experiments on a subset of 23 accessions. Quantification of F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis within plant tissue indicated that the resistance level of the accessions is correlated with the amount of F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis within its shoot. Inoculation with a different F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis isolate indicated that the resistance phenotype was stable because accession response to both F. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis strains followed similar trends. However, grouping accessions according to their geographic origin did not reveal foci of resistance, which supports the idea that resistance arose from independent events. The identification of 12 resistant accessions will be useful for further cellular and molecular studies to unravel the basis of resistance to F. oxysporum in this model species and to transfer resistance to legume crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rispail
- CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D Rubiales
- CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Bonhomme M, André O, Badis Y, Ronfort J, Burgarella C, Chantret N, Prosperi JM, Briskine R, Mudge J, Debéllé F, Navier H, Miteul H, Hajri A, Baranger A, Tiffin P, Dumas B, Pilet-Nayel ML, Young ND, Jacquet C. High-density genome-wide association mapping implicates an F-box encoding gene in Medicago truncatula resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1328-1342. [PMID: 24283472 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• The use of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a promising strategy for promoting durable resistance to plant pathogens, but genes involved in QDR are largely unknown. To identify genetic components and accelerate improvement of QDR in legumes to the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, we took advantage of both the recently generated massive genomic data for Medicago truncatula and natural variation of this model legume. • A high-density (≈5.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with both in vitro and glasshouse phenotyping data collected for 179 lines. • GWAS identified several candidate genes and pinpointed two independent major loci on the top of chromosome 3 that were detected in both phenotyping methods. Candidate SNPs in the most significant locus (σ(A)²= 23%) were in the promoter and coding regions of an F-box protein coding gene. Subsequent qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analyses performed on 20 lines demonstrated that resistance is associated with mutations directly affecting the interaction domain of the F-box protein rather than gene expression. • These results refine the position of previously identified QTL to specific candidate genes, suggest potential molecular mechanisms, and identify new loci explaining QDR against A. euteiches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonhomme
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier André
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yacine Badis
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Roman Briskine
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint-Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joann Mudge
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Frédéric Debéllé
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Navier
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Henri Miteul
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Hajri
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | | | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Bernard Dumas
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Nevin D Young
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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14
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Yang S, Tang F, Caixeta ET, Zhu H. Epigenetic regulation of a powdery mildew resistance gene in Medicago truncatula. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:2000-3. [PMID: 23770839 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Yang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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15
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Gough C, Jacquet C. Nod factor perception protein carries weight in biotic interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:566-74. [PMID: 23850222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane-bound receptors with extracellular lysin motif (LysM) domains participate in interactions with microorganisms. In Medicago truncatula, the LysM receptor-like kinase gene nodulation (Nod) factor perception (NFP) is a key gene that controls the perception of rhizobial lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) Nod factors for the establishment of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. In this article, we review recent data that have refined our understanding of this function and that have revealed a role for NFP in the perception of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiotic signals and plant pathogenic microorganisms. The dual role of NFP in symbiosis and immunity suggests that this receptor protein controls the perception of different signals and the activation of different downstream signalling pathways. These advances provide new insights into the evolution and functioning of this versatile plant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Gough
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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16
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Pérez-Vega E, Trabanco N, Campa A, Ferreira JJ. Genetic mapping of two genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:1503-1512. [PMID: 23456179 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a serious disease in many legume species, including the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study investigated the genetic control behind resistance reaction to PM in the bean genotype, Cornell 49242. The results revealed evidence supporting a qualitative mode of inheritance for resistance and the involvement of two independent genes in the resistance reaction. The location of these resistance genes was investigated in a linkage genetic map developed for the XC RIL population. Contingency tests revealed significant associations for 28 loci out of a total of 329 mapped loci. Fifteen were isolated or formed groups with less than two loci. The thirteen remaining loci were located at three regions in linkage groups Pv04, Pv09, and Pv11. The involvement of Pv09 was discarded due to the observed segregation in the subpopulation obtained from the Xana genotype for the loci located in this region. In contrast, the two subpopulations obtained from the Xana genotype for the BM161 locus, linked to the Co-3/9 anthracnose resistance gene (Pv04), and from the Xana genotype for the SCAReoli locus, linked to the Co-2 anthracnose resistance gene (Pv11), exhibited monogenic segregations, suggesting that both regions were involved in the genetic control of resistance. A genetic dissection was carried out to verify the involvement of both regions in the reaction to PM. Two resistant recombinant lines were selected, according to their genotypes, for the block of loci included in the Co-2 and Co-3/9 regions, and they were crossed with the susceptible parent, Xana. Linkage analysis in the respective F2 populations supported the hypothesis that a dominant gene (Pm1) was located in the linkage group Pv11 and another gene (Pm2) was located in the linkage group Pv04. This is the first report showing the localization of resistance genes against powdery mildew in Phaseolus vulgaris and the results offer the opportunity to increase the efficiency of breeding programs by means of marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez-Vega
- Área de Cultivos Hortofrutícolas y Forestales, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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17
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Rey T, Nars A, Bonhomme M, Bottin A, Huguet S, Balzergue S, Jardinaud MF, Bono JJ, Cullimore J, Dumas B, Gough C, Jacquet C. NFP, a LysM protein controlling Nod factor perception, also intervenes in Medicago truncatula resistance to pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:875-886. [PMID: 23432463 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant LysM proteins control the perception of microbial-derived N-acetylglucosamine compounds for the establishment of symbiosis or activation of plant immunity. This raises questions about how plants, and notably legumes, can differentiate friends and foes using similar molecular actors and whether any receptors can intervene in both symbiosis and resistance. To study this question, nfp and lyk3 LysM-receptor like kinase mutants of Medicago truncatula that are affected in the early steps of nodulation, were analysed following inoculation with Aphanomyces euteiches, a root oomycete. The role of NFP in this interaction was further analysed by overexpression of NFP and by transcriptome analyses. nfp, but not lyk3, mutants were significantly more susceptible than wildtype plants to A. euteiches, whereas NFP overexpression increased resistance. Transcriptome analyses on A. euteiches inoculation showed that mutation in the NFP gene led to significant changes in the expression of c. 500 genes, notably involved in cell dynamic processes previously associated with resistance to pathogen penetration. nfp mutants also showed an increased susceptibility to the fungus Colletotrichum trifolii. These results demonstrate that NFP intervenes in M. truncatula immunity, suggesting an unsuspected role for NFP in the perception of pathogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Amaury Nars
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maxime Bonhomme
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Arnaud Bottin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196, CP 5708, F-91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA 1165, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, ERL CNRS 8196, CP 5708, F-91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Jardinaud
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bono
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Cullimore
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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18
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Nars A, Rey T, Lafitte C, Vergnes S, Amatya S, Jacquet C, Dumas B, Thibaudeau C, Heux L, Bottin A, Fliegmann J. An experimental system to study responses of Medicago truncatula roots to chitin oligomers of high degree of polymerization and other microbial elicitors. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:489-502. [PMID: 23314495 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A fully acetylated, soluble CO preparation of mean DP of ca. 7 was perceived with high sensitivity by M. truncatula in a newly designed versatile root elicitation assay. The root system of legume plants interacts with a large variety of microorganisms, either pathogenic or symbiotic. Understanding how legumes recognize and respond specifically to pathogen-associated or symbiotic signals requires the development of standardized bioassays using well-defined preparations of the corresponding signals. Here we describe the preparation of chitin oligosaccharide (CO) fractions from commercial chitin and their characterization by a combination of liquid-state and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We show that the CO fraction with highest degree of polymerization (DP) became essentially insoluble after lyophilization. However, a fully soluble, fully acetylated fraction with a mean DP of ca. 7 was recovered and validated by showing its CERK1-dependent activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. In parallel, we developed a versatile root elicitation bioassay in the model legume Medicago truncatula, using a hydroponic culture system and the Phytophthora β-glucan elicitor as a control elicitor. We then showed that M. truncatula responded with high sensitivity to the CO elicitor, which caused the production of extracellular reactive oxygen species and the transient induction of a variety of defense-associated genes. In addition, the bioassay allowed detection of elicitor activity in culture filtrates of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, opening the way to the analysis of recognition of this important legume root pathogen by M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nars
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), BP 42617, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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19
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Spatio-temporal expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula defensin-like genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58992. [PMID: 23527067 PMCID: PMC3601123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant genomes contain several hundred defensin-like (DEFL) genes that encode short cysteine-rich proteins resembling defensins, which are well known antimicrobial polypeptides. Little is known about the expression patterns or functions of many DEFLs because most were discovered recently and hence are not well represented on standard microarrays. We designed a custom Affymetrix chip consisting of probe sets for 317 and 684 DEFLs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, respectively for cataloging DEFL expression in a variety of plant organs at different developmental stages and during symbiotic and pathogenic associations. The microarray analysis provided evidence for the transcription of 71% and 90% of the DEFLs identified in Arabidopsis and Medicago, respectively, including many of the recently annotated DEFL genes that previously lacked expression information. Both model plants contain a subset of DEFLs specifically expressed in seeds or fruits. A few DEFLs, including some plant defensins, were significantly up-regulated in Arabidopsis leaves inoculated with Alternaria brassicicola or Pseudomonas syringae pathogens. Among these, some were dependent on jasmonic acid signaling or were associated with specific types of immune responses. There were notable differences in DEFL gene expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Medicago, as the majority of Arabidopsis DEFLs were expressed in inflorescences, while only a few exhibited root-enhanced expression. By contrast, Medicago DEFLs were most prominently expressed in nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Thus, our data document salient differences in DEFL temporal and spatial expression between Arabidopsis and Medicago, suggesting distinct signaling routes and distinct roles for these proteins in the two plant species.
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20
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Ben C, Toueni M, Montanari S, Tardin MC, Fervel M, Negahi A, Saint-Pierre L, Mathieu G, Gras MC, Noël D, Prospéri JM, Pilet-Nayel ML, Baranger A, Huguet T, Julier B, Rickauer M, Gentzbittel L. Natural diversity in the model legume Medicago truncatula allows identifying distinct genetic mechanisms conferring partial resistance to Verticillium wilt. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:317-32. [PMID: 23213135 PMCID: PMC3528038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a major threat to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and many other crops. The model legume Medicago truncatula was used as a host for studying resistance and susceptibility to Verticillium albo-atrum. In addition to presenting well-established genetic resources, this wild plant species enables to investigate biodiversity of the response to the pathogen and putative crosstalk between disease and symbiosis. Symptom scoring after root inoculation and modelling of disease curves allowed assessing susceptibility levels in recombinant lines of three crosses between susceptible and resistant lines, in a core collection of 32 lines, and in mutants affected in symbiosis with rhizobia. A GFP-expressing V. albo-atrum strain was used to study colonization of susceptible plants. Symptoms and colonization pattern in infected M. truncatula plants were typical of Verticillium wilt. Three distinct major quantitative trait loci were identified using a multicross, multisite design, suggesting that simple genetic mechanisms appear to control Verticillium wilt resistance in M. truncatula lines A17 and DZA45.5. The disease functional parameters varied largely in lines of the core collection. This biodiversity with regard to disease response encourages the development of association genetics and ecological approaches. Several mutants of the resistant line, impaired in different steps of rhizobial symbiosis, were affected in their response to V. albo-atrum, which suggests that mechanisms involved in the establishment of symbiosis or disease might have some common regulatory control points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ben
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Maoulida Toueni
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sara Montanari
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Magalie Fervel
- Barenbrug Tourneur Recherches, Negadis, 82600 Mas Grenier, France
| | - Azam Negahi
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Guillaume Mathieu
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Dominique Noël
- Barenbrug Tourneur Recherches, Negadis, 82600 Mas Grenier, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes1, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Baranger
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes1, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Huguet
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bernadette Julier
- INRA, UR 4, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères, Le Chêne, RD 150, BP 80006, 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Martina Rickauer
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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Kamphuis LG, Williams AH, Küster H, Trengove RD, Singh KB, Oliver RP, Ellwood SR. Phoma medicaginis stimulates the induction of the octadecanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways in Medicago truncatula. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:593-603. [PMID: 22212347 PMCID: PMC6638703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression changes and metabolite abundances were measured during the interaction of Medicago truncatula with the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Phoma medicaginis in leaf tissue of susceptible and resistant accessions. Over 330 genes were differentially expressed in plants infected with P. medicaginis relative to mock-inoculated plants at 12 h post-inoculation. Of these, 191 were induced in either the resistant or the susceptible accession, with 143 genes repressed. Expression changes were observed in genes involved in the oxidative burst, cell wall strengthening and lipid metabolism, as well as several transcription factors. Genes related to salicylic acid, jasmonate and ethylene responses were up-regulated, as well as genes leading to the production of jasmonic acid. Significant induction of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to lignin and isoflavonoid biosynthesis occurred. High-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) identified several phenolic compounds induced by P. medicaginis, as well as constitutively higher levels of phenolic compounds, in the resistant M. truncatula accession. Differentially regulated genes induced in both the resistant and susceptible accessions, but with different kinetics, and constitutively more highly expressed and induced phenolic compounds provide candidates for functional analysis. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the octadecanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways in defence against this necrotrophic pathogen.
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Espinoza LDCL, Huguet T, Julier B. Multi-population QTL detection for aerial morphogenetic traits in the model legume Medicago truncatula. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 124:739-54. [PMID: 22075808 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula, as a model species, is useful to study the genetic control of traits of agronomic interest in legumes species. Aerial morphogenesis is a key component of forage and seed yield. It was measured in four mapping populations originating from five parental lines. Single and multi-population quantitative trait locus (QTL) detections were carried out. A large variation was observed within populations and transgressive segregation was noted. Most traits showed high heritabilities in all seasons. Length of primary branches (LPB, cm) was positively correlated to branch elongation rate (BER, cm day(-1)) and aerial dry matter (ADM, g). Flowering time (FT, °C day(-1)) showed negative correlations with length of main stem (LMS, cm) and BER. One hundred and forty-one QTLs for BER, LMS, FT, LPB, diameter of primary branches (DPB), number of primary branches (NPB), number of nodes (NI) and ADM were identified and localized over all eight chromosomes. Single and multi-population analyses showed that the most important regions for aerial morphogenetic traits were chromosomes 1, 2, 7 and 8. Multi-population analysis revealed three regions of major QTLs affecting aerial morphogenetic traits (LPB, LMS, NPB, BER and FT). A region involved in flowering time variation was revealed on chromosome 6 on a single population. These results were used to identify candidate genes that could control variation for aerial morphogenesis traits in this species and in related crop legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz del Carmen Lagunes Espinoza
- INRA, UR 4, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères, Le Chêne, RD 150, BP 80006, 86600, Lusignan, France
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Moreau D, Burstin J, Aubert G, Huguet T, Ben C, Prosperi JM, Salon C, Munier-Jolain N. Using a physiological framework for improving the detection of quantitative trait loci related to nitrogen nutrition in Medicago truncatula. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 124:755-68. [PMID: 22113590 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula is used as a model plant for exploring the genetic and molecular determinants of nitrogen (N) nutrition in legumes. In this study, our aim was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling plant N nutrition using a simple framework of carbon/N plant functioning stemming from crop physiology. This framework was based on efficiency variables which delineated the plant's efficiency to take up and process carbon and N resources. A recombinant inbred line population (LR4) was grown in a glasshouse experiment under two contrasting nitrate concentrations. At low nitrate, symbiotic N(2) fixation was the main N source for plant growth and a QTL with a large effect located on linkage group (LG) 8 affected all the traits. Significantly, efficiency variables were necessary both to precisely localize a second QTL on LG5 and to detect a third QTL involved in epistatic interactions on LG2. At high nitrate, nitrate assimilation was the main N source and a larger number of QTL with weaker effects were identified compared to low nitrate. Only two QTL were common to both nitrate treatments: a QTL of belowground biomass located at the bottom of LG3 and another one on LG6 related to three different variables (leaf area, specific N uptake and aboveground:belowground biomass ratio). Possible functions of several candidate genes underlying QTL of efficiency variables could be proposed. Altogether, our results provided new insights into the genetic control of N nutrition in M. truncatula. For instance, a novel result for M. truncatula was identification of two epistatic interactions in controlling plant N(2) fixation. As such this study showed the value of a simple conceptual framework based on efficiency variables for studying genetic determinants of complex traits and particularly epistatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Moreau
- INRA, UMR 102 Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon cedex, France.
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Ramming DW, Gabler F, Smilanick JL, Margosan DA, Cadle-Davidson M, Barba P, Mahanil S, Frenkel O, Milgroom MG, Cadle-Davidson L. Identification of race-specific resistance in North American Vitis spp. limiting Erysiphe necator hyphal growth. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 102:83-93. [PMID: 22165984 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-11-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Race-specific resistance against powdery mildews is well documented in small grains but, in other crops such as grapevine, controlled analysis of host-pathogen interactions on resistant plants is uncommon. In the current study, we attempted to confirm powdery mildew resistance phenotypes through vineyard, greenhouse, and in vitro inoculations for test cross-mapping populations for two resistance sources: (i) a complex hybrid breeding line, 'Bloodworth 81-107-11', of at least Vitis rotundifolia, V. vinifera, V. berlandieri, V. rupestris, V. labrusca, and V. aestivalis background; and (ii) Vitis hybrid 'Tamiami' of V. aestivalis and V. vinifera origin. Statistical analysis of vineyard resistance data suggested the segregation of two and three race-specific resistance genes from the two sources, respectively. However, in each population, some resistant progeny were susceptible in greenhouse or in vitro screens, which suggested the presence of Erysiphe necator isolates virulent on progeny segregating for one or more resistance genes. Controlled inoculation of resistant and susceptible progeny with a diverse set of E. necator isolates clearly demonstrated the presence of fungal races differentially interacting with race-specific resistance genes, providing proof of race specificity in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem. Consistent with known race-specific resistance mechanisms, both resistance sources were characterized by programmed cell death of host epidermal cells under appressoria, which arrested or slowed hyphal growth; this response was also accompanied by collapse of conidia, germ tubes, appressoria, and secondary hyphae. The observation of prevalent isolates virulent on progeny with multiple race-specific resistance genes before resistance gene deployment has implications for grape breeding strategies. We suggest that grape breeders should characterize the mechanisms of resistance and pyramid multiple resistance genes with different mechanisms for improved durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Ramming
- United State Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, USA
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25
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Samac DA, Peñuela S, Schnurr JA, Hunt EN, Foster-Hartnett D, Vandenbosch KA, Gantt JS. Expression of coordinately regulated defence response genes and analysis of their role in disease resistance in Medicago truncatula. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2011; 12:786-98. [PMID: 21726379 PMCID: PMC6640494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microarray technology was used to identify the genes associated with disease defence responses in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Transcript profiles from M. truncatula cv. Jemalong genotype A17 leaves inoculated with Colletotrichum trifolii and Erysiphe pisi and roots infected with Phytophthora medicaginis were compared to identify the genes expressed in response to all three pathogens and genes unique to an interaction. The A17 genotype is resistant to C. trifolii and E. pisi, exhibiting a hypersensitive response after inoculation, and is moderately susceptible to P. medicaginis. Among the most strongly up-regulated genes in all three interactions were those encoding a hevein-like protein, thaumatin-like protein (TLP) and members of the pathogenesis response (PR)10 family. Transcripts of genes for enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the production of isoflavonoid phytoalexins increased dramatically in response to inoculation with the foliar pathogens. In P. medicaginis-inoculated roots, transcripts of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway peaked at 5 days post-inoculation, when symptoms became visible. Transcript accumulation of three PR10 family members, a TLP and chalcone synthase (CHS) was assessed in M. truncatula genotype R108 plants. The R108 plants are resistant to C. trifolii and moderately susceptible to E. pisi and P. medicaginis. Transcript accumulation paralleled the stages of pathogen development. To evaluate the role of a TLP, a PR10 family member and CHS in disease resistance, transgenic R108 plants containing interfering RNA (RNAi) constructs were produced. Reduced expression of PR10 and TLP had no effect on the disease phenotype, whereas reduced expression of CHS resulted in increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Samac
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Pollegioni P, Van der Linden G, Belisario A, Gras M, Anselmi N, Olimpieri I, Luongo L, Santini A, Turco E, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Malvolti ME. Mechanisms governing the responses to anthracnose pathogen in Juglans spp. J Biotechnol 2011; 159:251-64. [PMID: 21884735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Juglans nigra and Juglans regia are two highly economically important species for wood and fruit production that are susceptible to anthracnose caused by Gnomonia leptostyla. The identification of genotypes resistant to anthracnose could represent a valid alternative to agronomic and chemical management. In this study, we analyzed 72 walnut genotypes that showed a variety of resistance phenotypes in response to natural infection. According to the disease severity rating and microsatellite fingerprinting analysis, these genotypes were divided into three main groups: (40) J. nigra resistant, (1) J. nigra susceptible, and (31) J. regia susceptible. Data on leaf emergence rates and analysis of in vivo pathogenicity indicated that the incidence of anthracnose disease in the field might be partially conditioned by two key factors: the age and/or availability of susceptible leaves during the primary infection of fungus (avoidance by late flushing) and partial host resistance. NBS profiling approach, based on PCR amplification with an adapter primer for an adapter matching a restriction enzyme site and a degenerate primer targeting the conserved motifs present in the NBS domain of NBS-LRR genes, was applied. The results revealed the presence of a candidate marker that correlated to a reduction in anthracnose incidence in 72 walnut genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pollegioni
- C.N.R. - Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy.
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Jaulneau V, Cazaux M, Wong Sak Hoi J, Fournier S, Esquerré-Tugayé MT, Jacquet C, Dumas B. Host and nonhost resistance in Medicago-Colletotrichum interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2010; 23:1107-17. [PMID: 20687801 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-9-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula lines resistant (A17) or susceptible (F83005.5) to the alfalfa pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii were used to compare defense reactions induced upon inoculation with C. trifolii or with the nonadapted pathogens C. lindemuthianum and C. higginsianum. Nonadapted Colletotrichum spp. induced a hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction similar to the one induced during the host-incompatible interaction. Molecular analyses indicated an induction of PR10 and chalcone synthase genes in host and nonhost interactions but delayed responses were observed in the F83005.5 line. The clste12 penetration-deficient C. lindemuthianum mutant induced an HR and defense gene expression, showing that perception of nonadapted strains occurs before penetration of epidermal cells. Cytological and transcriptomic analyses performed upon inoculation of near-isogenic M. truncatula lines, differing only at the C. trifolii resistance locus, Ct1, with the nonadapted Colletotrichum strain, showed that nonhost responses are similar in the two lines. These included a localized oxidative burst, accumulation of fluorescent compounds, and transient expression of a small number of genes. Host interactions were characterized by a group of defense and signaling-related genes induced at 3 days postinoculation, associated with an accumulation of salicylic acid. Together, these results show that M. truncatula displays a rapid and transient response to nonadapted Colletotrichum strains and that this response is not linked to the C. trifolii resistance locus.
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Hamon C, Baranger A, Miteul H, Lecointe R, Le Goff I, Deniot G, Onfroy C, Moussart A, Prosperi JM, Tivoli B, Delourme R, Pilet-Nayel ML. A complex genetic network involving a broad-spectrum locus and strain-specific loci controls resistance to different pathotypes of Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:955-70. [PMID: 20012740 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A higher understanding of genetic and genomic bases of partial resistance in plants and their diversity regarding pathogen variability is required for a more durable management of resistance genetic factors in sustainable cropping systems. In this study, we investigated the diversity of genetic factors involved in partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches, a very damaging pathogen on pea and alfalfa, in Medicago truncatula. A mapping population of 178 recombinant inbred lines, from the cross F83005.5 (susceptible) and DZA045.5 (resistant), was used to identify quantitative trait loci for resistance to four A. euteiches reference strains belonging to the four main pathotypes currently known on pea and alfalfa. A major broad-spectrum genomic region, previously named AER1, was localized to a reduced 440 kb interval on chromosome 3 and was involved in complete or partial resistance, depending on the A. euteiches strain. We also identified 21 additive and/or epistatic genomic regions specific to one or two strains, several of them being anchored to the M. truncatula physical map. These results show that, in M. truncatula, a complex network of genetic loci controls partial resistance to different pea and alfalfa pathotypes of A. euteiches, suggesting a diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying partial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hamon
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, Rennes, France.
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29
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Djébali N, Jauneau A, Ameline-Torregrosa C, Chardon F, Jaulneau V, Mathé C, Bottin A, Cazaux M, Pilet-Nayel ML, Baranger A, Aouani ME, Esquerré-Tugayé MT, Dumas B, Huguet T, Jacquet C. Partial resistance of Medicago truncatula to Aphanomyces euteiches is associated with protection of the root stele and is controlled by a major QTL rich in proteasome-related genes. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2009; 22:1043-55. [PMID: 19656040 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-9-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pathosystem between Aphanomyces euteiches, the causal agent of pea root rot disease, and the model legume Medicago truncatula was developed to gain insights into mechanisms involved in resistance to this oomycete. The F83005.5 French accession and the A17-Jemalong reference line, susceptible and partially resistant, respectively, to A. euteiches, were selected for further cytological and genetic analyses. Microscopy analyses of thin root sections revealed that a major difference between the two inoculated lines occurred in the root stele, which remained pathogen free in A17. Striking features were observed in A17 roots only, including i) frequent pericycle cell divisions, ii) lignin deposition around the pericycle, and iii) accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds. Genetic analysis of resistance was performed on an F7 population of 139 recombinant inbred lines and identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) near the top of chromosome 3. A second study, with near-isogenic line responses to A. euteiches confirmed the role of this QTL in expression of resistance. Fine-mapping allowed the identification of a 135-kb sequenced genomic DNA region rich in proteasome-related genes. Most of these genes were shown to be induced only in inoculated A17. Novel mechanisms possibly involved in the observed partial resistance are proposed.
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Young ND, Udvardi M. Translating Medicago truncatula genomics to crop legumes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 12:193-201. [PMID: 19162532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genomic resources developed in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, have the potential to accelerate practical advances in crop legumes. M. truncatula is closely related to many economically important legumes, frequently displaying genome-scale synteny. Translating genome data from M. truncatula should be highly effective in marker development, gene discovery, and positional cloning in crop legumes. The M. truncatula genome sequence also provides valuable insights about gene families of practical importance, especially those that are legume-specific. The M. truncatula genome sequence should also simplify the assembly of next-generation sequence data in closely related taxa, especially alfalfa. Genomic resources, such as whole-genome arrays, make it possible to pursue detailed questions about gene expression in both M. truncatula and related crop species, while tagged mutant populations simplify the process of determining gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Dale Young
- Department of Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Pilet-Nayel ML, Prospéri JM, Hamon C, Lesné A, Lecointe R, Le Goff I, Hervé M, Deniot G, Delalande M, Huguet T, Jacquet C, Baranger A. AER1, a major gene conferring resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 99:203-8. [PMID: 19159312 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-2-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is a major soilborne oomycete pathogen that infects various legume species, including pea and alfalfa. The model legume Medicago truncatula has recently emerged as a valuable genetic system for understanding the genetic basis of resistance to A. euteiches in leguminous crops. The objective of this study was to identify genetic determinants of resistance to a broad host-range pea-infecting strain of A. euteiches in M. truncatula. Two M. truncatula segregating populations of 178 F(5) recombinant inbred lines and 200 F(3) families from the cross F83005.5 (susceptible) x DZA045.5 (resistant) were screened for resistance to A. euteiches. Phenotypic distributions observed suggested a dominant monogenic control of resistance. A major locus associated with resistance to A. euteiches, namely AER1, was mapped by bulk segregant analysis to a terminal end of chromosome 3 in M. truncatula and explained 88% of the phenotypic variation. AER1 was identified in a resistance-gene-rich region, where resistance gene analogs and genes associated with disease resistance phenotypes have been identified. Discovery of AER1 opens up new prospects for improving resistance to A. euteiches in cultivated legumes using a comparative genomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Pilet-Nayel
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université Rennes I, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, OUEST-genopole, Domaine de la Motte, BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France.
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