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Deng H, Pei Y, Xu X, Du X, Xue Q, Gao Z, Shu P, Wu Y, Liu Z, Jian Y, Wu M, Wang Y, Li Z, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Deng W, Hong Y, Liu M. Ethylene-MPK8-ERF.C1-PR module confers resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit without compromising ripening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:592-609. [PMID: 38402567 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene plays a critical role in fruit defense against Botrytis cinerea attack, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that ethylene response factor SlERF.C1 acts as a key regulator to trigger the ethylene-mediated defense against B. cinerea in tomato fruits without compromising ripening. Knockout of SlERF.C1 increased fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea with no effect on ripening process, while overexpression enhanced resistance. RNA-Seq, transactivation assays, EMSA and ChIP-qPCR results indicated that SlERF.C1 activated the transcription of PR genes by binding to their promoters. Moreover, SlERF.C1 interacted with the mitogen-activated protein kinase SlMPK8 which allowed SlMPK8 to phosphorylate SlERF.C1 at the Ser174 residue and increases its transcriptional activity. Knocking out of SlMPK8 increased fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea, whereas overexpression enhanced resistance without affecting ripening. Furthermore, genetic crosses between SlMPK8-KO and SlERF.C1-OE lines reduced the resistance to B. cinerea attack in SlERF.C1-OE fruits. In addition, B. cinerea infection induced ethylene production which in turn triggered SlMPK8 transcription and enhanced the phosphorylation of SlERF.C1. Overall, our findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of the 'Ethylene-MPK8-ERF.C1-PR' module in resistance against B. cinerea and provide new insight into the manipulation of gray mold disease in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yangang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qihan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhaoqiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yongfei Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Singh R, Caseys C, Kliebenstein DJ. Genetic and molecular landscapes of the generalist phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13404. [PMID: 38037862 PMCID: PMC10788480 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that attacks a wide range of plants. This updated pathogen profile explores the extensive genetic diversity of B. cinerea, highlights the progress in genome sequencing, and provides current knowledge of genetic and molecular mechanisms employed by the fungus to attack its hosts. In addition, we also discuss recent innovative strategies to combat B. cinerea. TAXONOMY Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Leotiomycetes, order: Helotiales, family: Sclerotiniaceae, genus: Botrytis, species: cinerea. HOST RANGE B. cinerea infects almost all of the plant groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes). To date, 1606 plant species have been identified as hosts of B. cinerea. GENETIC DIVERSITY This polyphagous necrotroph has extensive genetic diversity at all population levels shaped by climate, geography, and plant host variation. PATHOGENICITY Genetic architecture of virulence and host specificity is polygenic using multiple weapons to target hosts, including secretory proteins, complex signal transduction pathways, metabolites, and mobile small RNA. DISEASE CONTROL STRATEGIES Efforts to control B. cinerea, being a high-diversity generalist pathogen, are complicated. However, integrated disease management strategies that combine cultural practices, chemical and biological controls, and the use of appropriate crop varieties will lessen yield losses. Recently, studies conducted worldwide have explored the potential of small RNA as an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for combating grey mould. However, additional research is necessary, especially on risk assessment and regulatory frameworks, to fully harness the potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Singh
- Department of Plant ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Celine Caseys
- Department of Plant ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Li Z, Yu X, Zhang W, Han R, Zhang J, Ma Y, Guo L, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Identification, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Strawberry Fruit Rot in Shandong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3773-3782. [PMID: 37408124 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0696-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest strawberry producer and exporter worldwide and has been constantly challenged by fruit rot diseases in recent years. Symptoms of various diseases on strawberry fruits were observed in Huangqiyuan Base, an important strawberry-producing region in Shandong Province, and symptomatic samples were collected from January to April 2021 for follow-up studies. In the present study, 137 isolates were obtained and classified into nine species based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, GAPDH, HIS3, RPB2, EF-1α, HSP60, G3PDH, and/or TUB2), namely, Botrytis cinerea, B. fabiopsis, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, F. incarnatum, and Colletotrichum siamense. Pathogenicity results suggested that all nine pathogenic species could induce fruits to exhibit symptoms similar to those naturally infected in fields. The symptoms around the inoculation points varied, including dense white mycelia caused by Botrytis spp., fading and depression caused by Fusarium spp., black-brown rot caused by Alternaria spp., and shrinkage and dehydration caused by Colletotrichum spp. Overall, B. cinerea was the dominant pathogen, accounting for 61.3% of the total isolates, and showed significantly higher virulence against strawberry fruits than other species. In addition, this is the first report to identify B. fabiopsis, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, and F. incarnatum as causal agents of strawberry fruit rot in Shandong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Pei Y, Ma L, Zheng X, Yao K, Fu X, Chen H, Chang X, Zhang M, Gong G. Identification and Genetic Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae from Kiwifruit in Sichuan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3248-3258. [PMID: 37005505 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0005-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes kiwifruit bacterial canker and poses a major threat to the kiwifruit industry. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the P. syringae pv. actinidiae population from kiwifruit in Sichuan, China. Sixty-seven isolates obtained from diseased plants were characterized using morphological features, multiplex-PCR, and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The isolates exhibited the typical colony morphology of P. syringae pv. actinidiae. Multiplex PCR amplification identified every isolate as P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. MLSA of the three housekeeping genes gapA, gyrB, and pfk, revealed that the reference strains of the five described biovars were clearly distinguished by a combined phylogenetic tree, and all of the tested isolates clustered with the reference strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. Through a phylogenetic tree constructed from a single gene, it was found that pkf gene alone could distinguish biovar 3 from the other biovars. Furthermore, all P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates analyzed by BOX-A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic (BOX)-PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR clustered into four groups. The clustering results of BOX- and ERIC-PCR indicated that group III had the largest number of isolates, accounting for 56.72 and 61.19% of all 67 isolates, respectively, and the two characterization methods were similar and complementary. The results of this study revealed that the genomes of P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates from Sichuan had rich genetic diversity but no obvious correlation was found between clustering and geographical region. This research provides novel methodologies for rapidly detecting kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen and a molecular differentiation at genetic level of P. syringae pv. actinidiae biovar diversity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Pei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Plant Protection Station, Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Kaikai Yao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiangru Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huabao Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
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Feng L, Liu J, Li C, Lin Y, Cheng J, Xie J, Li B, Zeng Y, Fu Y. Neofusicoccum actinidiae and Neofusicoccum guttata, Two New Species Causing Kiwifruit Rot in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2962-2970. [PMID: 36825323 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2833-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kiwi is a popular fruit consumed worldwide. A number of fungal pathogens have been reported to cause postharvest rot of kiwifruit, and Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of the disease. In this study, 18 isolates belonging to the genus Neofusicoccum (family Botryosphaeriaceae) were isolated from 247 symptomatic kiwifruits of the cultivars Jinyan, Jintao, and Jinkui collected from orchards in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, China. Among the isolates, three grouped with various known Neofusicoccum parvum isolates, whereas the remaining 15 formed two independent clades. On the basis of further phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of ITS and three genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), as well as morphological characteristics, two new species, N. actinidiae and N. guttata, were proposed. Their pathogenicity to kiwi, apple, and citrus fruits was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang Z, Wang M, Yang T, Wang Y, Sun D, Pang J. Effect of Processing on Reduction in Chiral Pesticide Hexaconazole for Kiwifruit Juice. Molecules 2023; 28:6113. [PMID: 37630365 PMCID: PMC10459332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the residue levels of chiral pesticide hexaconazole during kiwifruit juice processing (peeling, homogenization, and sterilization) were investigated by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the dietary risk during these processes was also assessed. Hexaconazole was applied at dosages of 173.33 and 346.66 mg/L (recommended and double recommended dosage) in kiwifruit. In the peeling process, 87.7% to 89.2% of the residues were decreased after peeling. Levels of hexaconazole residues in homogenization and sterilization processes further increased from 0.49% to 24.3% and from 0.2% to 3.0%, respectively. Processing factors (PFs) for (+)- and (-)-hexaconazole after peeling, homogenization, and sterilization were 0.12, 0.88, 0.99 for low-dose treatment and 0.12, 0.87, 0.99 for high-dose treatment, respectively. The enantioselectivity of hexaconazole during these procedures was evaluated by enantiomeric fractions (EFs) values, which were around 0.5 throughout all the procedures, indicating that hexaconazole enantiomers had similar dissipation behaviors during kiwifruit juice processing. The RQc of hexaconazole in pre-peeling samples was significantly greater than 100% under two dosages, while the peeling process can notably decrease the values to an acceptable level. The results of this study could provide guidance for agriculture applications and kiwi commodity production to decrease the risk of hexaconazole residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (M.W.); (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (M.W.); (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tianming Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (M.W.); (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (M.W.); (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (M.W.); (T.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Junxiao Pang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
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Jian Y, Li Y, Tang G, Zheng X, Khaskheli MI, Gong G. Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Strawberry in Sichuan Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3025-3036. [PMID: 33749314 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2114-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major fungal disease threatening the strawberry industry in Sichuan Province of southwestern China. However, research on identification of Colletotrichum species associated with strawberry anthracnose in Sichuan remains scarce. In this study, 73 representative Colletotrichum strains were isolated from diseased leaves, stolons, petioles, and crowns of 11 major strawberry-planting localities in Sichuan Province. Based on morphological characteristics and multiloci phylogenetic analysis, the Colletotrichum strains were identified as three distinct species: Colletotrichum fructicola (53 strains, 72.60%), Colletotrichum siamense (17 strains, 23.29%), and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto (3 strains, 4.11%). Among them, C. fructicola was the most ubiquitous and dominant species, whereas C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto was restricted to Chongzhou. Importantly, our pathogenicity tests showed that C. fructicola and C. siamense can infect both leaves and stolons, whereas C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto was only pathogenic to leaves. Interestingly, although the sexual stage of C. siamense was not observed in this study, it still exhibited the strongest virulence to strawberry compared with C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto and C. fructicola. This is the first study to characterize Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose and evaluate their pathogenicity in Sichuan Province of southwestern China, which will provide a better strategy for accurate diagnosis and management of anthracnose disease in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Jian
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Tang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuling 408000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
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Riquelme D, Aravena Z, Valdés-Gómez H, Latorre BA, Díaz GA, Zoffoli JP. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea and B. prunorum From Healthy Floral Structures and Decayed 'Hayward' Kiwifruit During Post-Harvest Storage. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2129-2140. [PMID: 33258430 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0878-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold is the primary postharvest disease of 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Chile, with a prevalence of 33.1% in 2016 and 7.1% in 2017. Gray mold develops during postharvest storage, which is characterized by a soft, light to brown watery decay that is caused by Botrytis cinerea and B. prunorum. However, there is no information on the role of B. prunorum during the development and storage of kiwifruit in Chile. For this purpose, asymptomatic flowers and receptacles were collected throughout fruit development and harvest from five orchards over two seasons in the Central Valley of Chile. Additionally, diseased kiwifruits were selected after storage for 100 days at 0°C and 2 days at 20°C. Colonies of Botrytis sp. with high and low conidial production were consistently obtained from apparently healthy petals, sepals, receptacles, and styles and diseased kiwifruit. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of three partial gene sequences encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 60, and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II were able to identify and separate B. cinerea and B. prunorum species. Consistently, B. cinerea was predominantly isolated from all floral parts and fruit in apparently healthy tissue and diseased kiwifruit. During full bloom, the highest colonization by B. cinerea and B. prunorum was obtained from petals, followed by sepals. In storage, both Botrytis species were isolated from the diseased fruit (n = 644), of which 6.8% (n = 44) were identified as B. prunorum. All Botrytis isolates grew from 0°C to 30°C in vitro and were pathogenic on kiwifruit leaves and fruit. Notably, B. cinerea isolates were always more virulent than B. prunorum isolates. This study confirms the presence of B. cinerea and B. prunorum colonizing apparently healthy flowers and floral parts in fruit and causing gray mold during kiwifruit storage in Chile. Therefore, B. prunorum plays a secondary role in the epidemiology of gray mold developing in kiwifruit during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Riquelme
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago 7820244, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santiago 8831314, Chile
| | - Zdenka Aravena
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Héctor Valdés-Gómez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Bernardo A Latorre
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Díaz
- Universidad de Talca, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Zoffoli
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Santiago 7820244, Chile
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Yang R, Li N, Zhou Z, Li G. Characterization of the Populations of Botrytis cinerea Infecting Plastic Tunnel-Grown Strawberry and Tomato in the Hubei Province of China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1890-1897. [PMID: 33054622 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0164-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A total of 707 isolates of Botrytis were collected from plastic tunnel-grown strawberry and tomato in the Hubei province of China. They were identified based on the specific molecular markers. Diversity of the B. cinerea (Bc) isolates was evaluated by typing the transposable elements (Boty, Flipper) and the mating types (MAT1-1, MAT1-2), as well as by determining virulence on tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and fenhexamid sensitivity in agar medium. The results showed that 706 isolates (99.9%) were Bc and 1 isolate (0.1%) was B. pseudocinerea. The Bc isolates (n = 706) were classified into four transposable element types, Vacuma (3.1%), Boty (9.6%), Flipper (18.4%), and Transposa (68.8%). The strawberry and tomato subpopulations of Bc had significantly different (P < 0.05) compositions of the four transposable element types. The overall ratio of MAT1-1 to MAT1-2 deviated from 1:1 (n = 706; P = 0.0002), and MAT1-2 (56.9%) predominated over MAT1-1 (43.1%). In 7 of 12 geographic subpopulations, the ratio of MAT1-1 to MAT1-2 matched 1:1; however, in the remaining five geographic subpopulations, the ratio of MAT1-1 to MAT1-2 did not match 1:1. Results of the biological characterizations showed that most Bc isolates were highly sensitive or sensitive to fenhexamid, and the majority of Bc isolates were highly virulent or virulent on tobacco. Moreover, the relationship between genetic diversity and biological characteristics was analyzed. The results achieved during this study are helpful for understanding of the populations of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jin C, Liao R, Zheng J, Fang X, Wang W, Fan J, Yuan S, Du J, Yang H. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase MAPKKK7 from Plasmodiophora brassicae Regulates Low-Light-Dependent Nicotiana benthamiana Immunity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1017-1028. [PMID: 33258412 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0323-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAPKKK is the largest family of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and is known to play important roles in plant pathogen interaction by regulating fungal cell proliferation, growth, and pathogenicity. Thus far, only a few have been characterized because of the functional redundancy of MAPKKKs. In this study, it is interesting that Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb)MAPKKK7 was clustered into the A3 subgroup of plant MAPKKKs by a phylogenetic analysis and also with the BCK1 and STE groups of fungal MAPKKKs. PbMAPKKK7 function in reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana was characterized. Agroinfiltration with the PbMAPKKK7 mutated protein kinase domain relieved these changes. Interestingly, the induction of cell death was dependent on light intensity. Transcriptional profiling analysis demonstrated that PbMAPKKK7 was highly expressed during cortex infection stages, indicating its important role in P. brassicae infection. These functional analyses of PbMAPKKK7 build knowledge of new roles of the MAPK cascade pathway in N. benthamiana and P. brassicae interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Jin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Liao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
- The Agricultural Technology Popularization Station of Chengdu, Chengdu Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingyan Fang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Rice Research Institute and Research Center for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, China
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Dai Y, Wang Z, Leng J, Sui Y, Jiang M, Wisniewski M, Liu J, Wang Q. Eco-friendly management of postharvest fungal decays in kiwifruit. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8307-8318. [PMID: 33998844 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1926908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is purchased by consumers worldwide and is increasing in demand. Unfortunately, kiwifruit is susceptible to postharvest decay caused by a variety of fungal pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Diaporthe spp. Among these pathogens, B. cinerea is the most prevalent and devastating. Infections by these fungal pathogens result in a deterioration in fruit quality and a reduction in marketable yield. Eco-friendly methods to control kiwifruit postharvest decay have been explored as alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides. In this review, we provide an overview and discuss the virulence and pathogenesis of fungi that are causal agents of kiwifruit decay, especially B. cinerea, including recent molecular and genomic studies. Advances in pre- and postharvest measures for postharvest decay management, including biological control, physical applications, the use of natural compounds and plant hormones, and the use of combined methods, are also reviewed. Eco-friendly control measures are a critical component of an integrated management approach for sustainable production of kiwifruit. The need for further research on the use of microbial consortia for the management of postharvest diseases of kiwifruit is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenshuo Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingguo Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Riquelme-Toledo D, Valdés-Gómez H, Fermaud M, Zoffoli JP. Postharvest Incidence of Stem End Rot in 'Hayward' Kiwifruit Is Related to Preharvest Botrytis cinerea Colonization of Floral Parts and Latent Infection. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:823-832. [PMID: 31898927 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1315-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem end rot (SER) caused by Botrytis cinerea is the primary postharvest disease in the Chilean kiwifruit industry. Relationships between the postharvest occurrence of SER in 'Hayward' kiwifruit and the temporal dynamics of earlier B. cinerea colonization of the floral parts (petals, sepals, receptacles, styles) was studied in five orchards over two consecutive seasons in Chile. Weather conditions in the first season favored B. cinerea infection with roughly constant colonization of floral parts up to about 120 days after full bloom, but colonization then increased up until harvest. In the second season, colonization was roughly constant throughout. Latent infections of the fruit occurred in both seasons but were high in the first season and low in the second. Incidence of latent infections at harvest were the best predictors (r > 0.8) of postharvest SER. The number of preharvest infection periods calculated using temperature, leaf wetness, and relative humidity satisfactorily predicted SER incidence by an exponential model, R2 = 0.90, P < 0.001. Results indicated environmental variables play key roles in the temporal dynamics of B. cinerea colonization. Quantification of latent B. cinerea infections in asymptomatic fruit close to harvest, is a practicable way to predict later incidence of SER during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Riquelme-Toledo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Valdés-Gómez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marc Fermaud
- INRA, UMR 1065 "Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble", SAVE, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISVV, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, France
| | - Juan Pablo Zoffoli
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 7820436, Santiago, Chile
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