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Soe ZZ, Shin YH, Kang HS, Jeun YC. Chemical Resistance of Diaporthe citri against Systemic Fungicides on Citrus. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:351-360. [PMID: 37550981 PMCID: PMC10412969 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2023.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, has been one of the serious diseases, and chemical fungicides were used for protection in many citrus orchards of Jeju Island. Establishing a disinfectant resistance management system and reducing pesticide usage would be important for contributing to safe agricultural production. In this study, monitoring of chemical resistance was performed with 40 representative D. citri isolates from many citrus orchards in Jeju Island. Four different fungicides, kresoxim-methyl, benomyl, fluazinam, and prochloraz manganese, with seven different concentrations were tested in vitro by growing the mycelium of the fungal isolates on the artificial medium potato dextrose agar. Among the 40 fungal isolates, 12 isolates were investigated as resistant to kresoxim-methyl which could not inhibit the mycelium growth to more than 50%. Especially isolate NEL21-2 was also resistant against benomyl, whose hyphae grew well even on the highest chemical concentration. However, any chemical resistance of fungal isolates was found against neither fluazinam nor prochloraz manganese. On the other hand, in vivo bio-testing of some resistant isolates was performed against both kresoxim-methyl and benomyl on young citrus leaves. Typical melanose symptoms developed on the citrus leaves pre-treated with both agrochemicals after inoculation with the resistant isolates. However, no or less symptoms were observed when the susceptible isolates were inoculated. Based on these results, it was suggested that some resistant isolates of D. citri occurred against both systemic fungicides, which may be valuable to build a strategy for protecting citrus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zar Zar Soe
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Yong Ho Shin
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Hyun Su Kang
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Yong Chull Jeun
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
- The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63604,
Korea
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2
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Zhang J, Sun X, Ao N, Zou H, Shao H, Kageyama K, Feng W. Host Range and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection of Globisporangium sylvaticum from Guizhou, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:752. [PMID: 37504740 PMCID: PMC10381608 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Globisporangium, especially G. sylvaticum, causes devastating root rot, blight, and other diseases in various species of cash crops. To investigate the distribution and host range of G. sylvaticum in Guizhou, a suitable habitat for this pathogen, we collected 156 root-diseased samples, isolated the pathogens, and found that G. sylvaticum is widespread and has eleven host plants, including four novel hosts. Furthermore, to effectively identify G. sylvaticum, we developed a simple and dependable method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which used a primer set designed from the internal transcribed spacer sequences with high specificity and sensitivity of 1 pg/μL. Additionally, to perform field identification, we used the "Plant-LAMP" method with crude DNA extraction to detect the pathogen in 45 root samples from nine species of plants. Our results showed that this method could effectively detect G. sylvaticum in diseased roots. Therefore, our findings not only enrich existing research on the diversity of pathogenic Globisporangium in Guizhou but also present an efficient LAMP field detection method that could significantly contribute to plant disease management and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ningjing Ao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huayan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huijuan Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Wenzhuo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhang J, Hieno A, Otsubo K, Feng W, Kageyama K. Population Genetic Analysis of Phytophthora colocasiae from Taro in Japan Using SSR Markers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040391. [PMID: 37108846 PMCID: PMC10145753 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora colocasiae is an important pathogen that causes great economic losses in taro production in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Japan. Understanding the genetic variations in P. colocasiae populations and their transmission patterns in Japan is essential for effective disease control. Here, the genetic diversity of 358 P. colocasiae isolates, including 348 from Japan, 7 from China, and 3 from Indonesia, was assessed using 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs with high polymorphism. The phylogenetic tree of the SSR locus showed that the isolates from Japan could be divided into 14 groups, with group A being the dominant group. Among foreign isolates, only six from mainland China were similar to those from Japan and clustered in groups B and E. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal components analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (K = 3) results revealed a moderate level of genetic diversity, mainly within individuals. Populations showed high heterozygosity, a lack of regional differentiation, and frequent gene flow. Analysis of mating types and ploidy levels revealed that A2 and self-fertile (SF) A2 types and tetraploids were dominant across populations. Explanations and hypotheses for the results can provide more effective strategies for disease management of taro leaf blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ayaka Hieno
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kayoko Otsubo
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Wenzhuo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Emergence of self-fertile Phytophthora colocasiae is a possible reason for the widespread expansion and persistence of taro leaf blight in Japan. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Tojo M, Fujii N, Yagi H, Yamashita Y, Tokura K, Kida K, Hakoda A, Herrero ML, Hoshino T, Uchida M. Identification and Isolation Pattern of Globisporangium spp. from a Sanionia Moss Colony in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway from 2006 to 2018. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091912. [PMID: 34576807 PMCID: PMC8467116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. Globisporangium spp. were isolated at two-year intervals between 2006 and 2018 at a Sanionia moss colony, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. The isolates were obtained by using three agar media and were identified based on sequences of the rDNA-ITS region and cultural characteristics. Most of the Globisporangium isolates obtained during the survey were identified into six species. All six species were grown at 0 °C on an agar plate and used to infect Sanionia moss at 4 and/or 10 °C under an in vitro inoculation test. The total isolation frequency of Globisporangium gradually decreased throughout the survey period. The isolation frequency varied among the six species, and four of the species that showed a high frequency in 2006 were rarely isolated after 2016. The results suggested that Globisporangium inhabiting Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund has a unique composition of species and that most of the species reduced their population over the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Tojo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natsumi Fujii
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Hironori Yagi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Tokura
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Kenichi Kida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akiho Hakoda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-Cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (N.F.); (H.Y.); (Y.Y.); (K.T.); (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - María-Luz Herrero
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology 88-1, Obiraki, Myo, Hachinohe 031-8501, Japan;
| | - Masaki Uchida
- National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
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Shimizu S, Tojo M. First Report of Pythium Cluster B2a Species Causing Root Rot in Welsh Onion. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 106:336. [PMID: 34213971 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1211-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hiroshima Prefecture has the highest production area of hydroponically grown Welsh onions (Allium fistulosum L.) in Japan. Since the cultivation began in 1988, root rot (Fig. 1A) followed by leaf browning (Fig. 1B) has caused significant economic losses. Approximately 80% (loss of 45 million JPY) of plant loss occurred from May to Sep 2009 (Shimizu, unpublished), and the disease was observed again in 2020. Diseased Welsh onions (five to six leaf stage) were collected in 2009. Abundant nonseptate hyphae of Pythium-like organisms were observed in the rotted roots (Fig. 1C). Disinfected symptomatic tissue samples were placed on NARF medium (Morita and Tojo 2007) and incubated at 25°C for 3 to 7 days. Six Pythium-like organisms were isolated, and their morphological features on a grass blade culture, potato carrot agar (PCA) (van der Plaats-Niterink 1981), cornmeal agar (CMA) and V8 juice agar (Miller 1955) were examined. Hyphal growth rates from 1-46°C were measured by culturing on PCA. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and mitochondrial COI of the isolates were amplified and sequenced according to Ueta and Tojo (2016). All six isolates obtained showed similar morphology, hyphal growth rates, and sequences of ITS and COI. Detailed descriptions are provided here for the representative isolate 72 (MAFF246451). The isolate produced asexual structures but did not form sexual structures, including oogonia, antheridia, and oospores on all the media used. Hyphae were up to 6.8 μm wide. Appressoria were knob-like terminations (Fig. 1D). Sporangia were filamentous and indistinguishable from the hyphae. Zoospores (Fig. 1E) were formed at 5-25°C. The diameter of encysted zoospores ranged 7.4-10.1 (av. 8.9) μm (Fig. 1F). Cardinal temperatures for hyphal growth on PCA were 5°C min, 28-31°C opt, and 35°C max. The daily growth rate at 25°C was 15.0 mm per day. The sequence analysis of all isolates, including isolate 72 (GenBank ac nos AB700596 for ITS, LC630955 for COI) showed the present isolates belonged to Pythium Cluster B2a (Robideau et al. 2011) (Fig. 2). Based on these features, the six isolates were identified as Pythium Cluster B2a sp. In the inoculation test, isolate 72 was cultured on CMA at 25°C for 5 days. Mycelium disks (5 mm diam) obtained from the culture were placed on the primary roots of 8-day-old Welsh onion seedlings (cv Koutou), which were grown at a density of six plants on rock wool cubes moistened with tap water in a 50 mL plastic pot. The inoculated and non-inoculated plants were grown at 28°C for 7 days in a growth chamber. The experiment was repeated twice using three pots per replication. The plants inoculated with isolate 72 wilted, and their roots rotted 7 days after inoculation. No disease was found observed on the non-inoculated plants. The isolate of Pythium Cluster B2a sp. was consistently re-isolated from the diseased plants, thus, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Pythium Cluster B2a sp. causing stem rot on lettuce has been recorded in Italy (Garibaldi et al. 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pythium Cluster B2a sp. on Welsh onions. Since significant losses to root rot of Welsh onion have occurred in Japan, identification of the causal organism will enable the development of management practices to reduces losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Shimizu
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, 73529, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Osaka Prefecture University School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 73762, Sakai, Osaka, Japan;
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Borowik P, Adamowicz L, Tarakowski R, Wacławik P, Oszako T, Ślusarski S, Tkaczyk M. Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1326. [PMID: 33668511 PMCID: PMC7918289 DOI: 10.3390/s21041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared with traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, electronic noses are non-invasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents comparative studies of differentiation between odors emitted by two forest pathogens: Pythium and Phytophthora, measured by a low-cost electronic nose. The electronic nose applies six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide sensors. Various features describing shapes of the measurement curves of sensors' response to the odors' exposure were extracted and used for building the classification models. As a machine learning algorithm for classification, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and various measures to assess classification models' performance. Differentiation between Phytophthora and Pythium species has an important practical aspect allowing forest practitioners to take appropriate plant protection. We demonstrate the possibility to recognize and differentiate between the two mentioned species with acceptable accuracy by our low-cost electronic nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Leszek Adamowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Wacławik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
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Feng W, Hieno A, Kusunoki M, Suga H, Kageyama K. LAMP Detection of Four Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes and Its Application in Lettuce Fields. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:298-307. [PMID: 30608214 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0858-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, the pathogens Phytophthora pseudolactucae, Pythium irregulare, Pythium uncinulatum, and Pythium spinosum have caused huge losses in lettuce production. We used loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to analyze soil and plants in lettuce fields for the presence of these four pathogens. To develop an effective on-site detection method, we contrasted the Plant-LAMP and Plant Culture-LAMP procedures for plant samples, and five soil DNA extraction methods for soil samples. Plant-LAMP and a Soil DNA Isolation kit were selected to analyze three fields for the pathogen species present, infected sites, and level of soil contamination. We found that the same wilting symptoms could be caused by Phytophthora or Pythium, or a mixture of species from both genera. Ph. pseudolactucae infects the pith of the lettuce in aboveground parts, whereas Pythium spp. mainly infect roots. Ph. pseudolactucae and Py. uncinulatum caused disease more frequently than the other two pathogens. Furthermore, not all of the pathogens existed in the soil near infected lettuce plants. Therefore, the LAMP method can be used to diagnose pathogenic oomycetes in the field, and will be useful in the development of control strategies in lettuce production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Feng
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hieno
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mikio Kusunoki
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Protection Office, Kagawa 761-2306, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Ling Y, Xia J, Koji K, Zhang X, Li Z. First Report of Damping-Off Caused by Pythium arrhenomanes on Rice in China. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:PDIS01180113PDN. [PMID: 30226417 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-18-0113-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - J Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - K Koji
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - X Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Z Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Shimizu Y, Sagiya D, Matsui M, Fukui R. Zonal Soil Amendment with Simple Sugars to Elevate Soil C/N Ratios as an Alternative Disease Management Strategy for Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Sugar Beet. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1434-1444. [PMID: 30673559 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-16-1279-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of monosaccharide-amended soils on suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off of sugar beet were compared under controlled experiments. Suppressive effects of glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than that of galactose or mannose but the effect of sorbose was reduced by soil treatments with antibiotics. Saprotrophic growth of Rhizoctonia solani in the laimosphere also was suppressed by glucose, fructose, sorbose, and xylose, whereas only sorbose repressed pericarp colonization. Sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol) neither suppressed Rhizoctonia damping-off nor halted the saprotrophic growth of the pathogen. Seed germination was not affected by any of these six monosaccharides, whereas galactose and mannose inhibited seedling emergence significantly (P < 0.001) compared with the nontreated control or other monosaccharides. Soil fertilization with inorganic nitrogen at a C/N ratio of 20:1 negated the suppressive effects of glucose and fructose on both damping-off and saprotrophic colonization but improved seedling growth in carbonized soils. Obviously, microbial competition for mineral nitrogen was responsible for disease suppression; however, it delayed seedling growth after emergence. This paradox was resolved by adding glucose to the top 1-cm surface-soil zone at a C/N ratio of 50:1 or 125:1. This protected the laimosphere, resulting in effective disease suppression while complementarily enhancing seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Shimizu
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Daiki Sagiya
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Mariko Matsui
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukui
- Department of Agrobiology and Biosciences, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
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11
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Feng W, Nukaya A, Satou M, Fukuta N, Ishiguro Y, Suga H, Kageyama K. Use of LAMP Detection to Identify Potential Contamination Sources of Plant-Pathogenic Pythium Species in Hydroponic Culture Systems of Tomato and Eustoma. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1357-1364. [PMID: 30673570 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-17-1679-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic culture systems are subject to high risks of diseases caused by zoosporic plant pathogens. Control is generally difficult because of the rapid spread of zoospores in the nutrient solutions. In Japan, tomato and eustoma, which are cultivated using the D-tray and nutrient film techniques, respectively, are susceptible to diseases caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and P. irregulare. We used loop-mediated isothermal amplification to identify potential contamination sources of these two pathogens by monitoring their presence in the water supply wells, seedling terraces, nutrient solutions, diseased plants, and ground soils of a tomato greenhouse complex and a eustoma greenhouse complex. The results indicated that the pathogens may enter the culture systems from the soils around the greenhouses. Entry most likely occurs when seedlings are moved from the seedling terraces to the greenhouses, and sterilization of the hydroponic systems may not be sufficient. Therefore, monitoring pathogens in the culture systems and ground soils is very important for the management and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Feng
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Nukaya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mamoru Satou
- NARO Institute of Floricultural Sciences, Fujimoto 2-1. Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
| | - Naoko Fukuta
- NARO Institute of Floricultural Sciences, Fujimoto 2-1. Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8519, Japan
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Rajmohan KS, Gopinath M, Chetty R. Bioremediation of Nitrate-Contaminated Wastewater and Soil. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7485-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Uzuhashi S, Hata K, Matsuura S, Tojo M. Globisporangium oryzicola sp. nov., causing poor seedling establishment of directly seeded rice. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 110:543-552. [PMID: 28008549 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new species, Globisporangium oryzicola, was isolated from directly seeded rice seedlings, and from soils of paddy fields and an uncultivated field. Despite their different origins, five of the seven isolates studied caused poor seedling establishment of rice in a laboratory inoculation experiment. The species is characterized by oogonia with smooth-walled or sometimes one projection, with one to two antheridia, and aplerotic oospores. Hyphal swellings were rarely observed. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 2 genes confirmed that the species differed from other Globisporangium species. This novel species is described and illustrated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihomi Uzuhashi
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Hata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.,Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co.,Ltd., 345 Oyamada-cho, Kawachinagano, Osaka, 586-0094, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsuura
- Agriculture Research Center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, 6869 Hara Hachihonmatsu, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0151, Japan
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Choudhary CE, Burgos-Garay ML, Moorman GW, Hong C. Pythium and Phytopythium Species in Two Pennsylvania Greenhouse Irrigation Water Tanks. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:926-932. [PMID: 30686146 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-15-0836-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two commercial greenhouses producing potted plants in Pennsylvania using recycled irrigation water in an ebb-and-flood system have incurred significant crop losses due to Pythium aphanidermatum. In cooperation with the greenhouses, one or more of their water tanks was monitored continuously (128 tank samplings) for Pythium spp. by baiting. Nine species of Pythium and three species of Phytopythium were recovered, representing clades A, B, E, and K, but none was P. aphanidermatum. The recovered Pythium spp. were (i) P. rostratifingens, (ii) isolates identical to Pythium sp. nov. OOMYA1702-08 (clade B2), (iii) P. coloratum, (iv) P. middletonii, (v) and (vi) two new species in clade E2, (vii) a new species in clade B2, (viii) isolates very similar to Pythium sp. nov. OOMYA1646-08 (clade E2), and (ix) a new species in clade A. The Phytopythium spp. recovered were (i) Phytopythium litorale, (ii) P. helicoides, and (iii) P. chamaehyphon. This article illustrates the different communities of Pythium and Phytopythium spp. found in each greenhouse over 10 months. Some of the baited species display resistance to the oomycete fungicide active ingredient, mefenoxam. P. helicoides and the new species in clade B2 were pathogenic on seedlings in potting mix with fertilizer added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Choudhary
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Maria L Burgos-Garay
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Gary W Moorman
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Chuanxue Hong
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Beach 23455
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15
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Ueta S, Tojo M. Pythium barbulae sp. nov. isolated from the moss, Barbula unguiculata; morphology, molecular phylogeny and pathogenicity. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Feng W, Ishiguro Y, Hotta K, Watanabe H, Suga H, Kageyama K. Simple detection of Pythium irregulare using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv174. [PMID: 26394643 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium irregulare is an important soil-borne pathogen that causes seed, stem and root rot, and seedling damping-off in various crops. Here, we have developed a rapid and reliable approach for detecting the pathogen using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in combination with primers designed from the sequences of the P. irregulare ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. The specificity of the primers for P. irregulare was tested using 50 isolates of 40 Pythium species, 11 Phytophthora isolates and 8 isolates of 7 other soil-borne pathogens. The assay showed that the limit of sensitivity of the LAMP method was 100 fg of pure DNA, a similar level to that of a polymerase chain reaction. LAMP detected P. irregulare from the supernatant after mixing culture medium (template DNA source) with distilled water. Similarly, positive results were obtained using a 'Plant-LAMP' method applied to a suspension rotted roots in water. A 'Bait-LAMP' method using the supernatant of autoclaved perilla seeds incubated in a soil/water mixture for 1 week at 25°C successfully detected P. irregulare from the soil. The LAMP assay described in this study is therefore a simple and effective way for practical detection of P. irregulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Feng
- Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishiguro
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hotta
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Watanabe
- Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, Matamaru, Gifu 501-1152, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Chenari Bouket A, Arzanlou M, Tojo M, Babai-Ahari A. Pythium kandovanense sp. nov., a fungus-like eukaryotic micro-organism (Stramenopila, Pythiales) isolated from snow-covered ryegrass leaves. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:2500-2506. [PMID: 25933619 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiumkandovanense sp. nov. (ex-type culture CCTU 1813T = OPU 1626T = CBS 139567T) is a novel oomycete species isolated from Lolium perenne with snow rot symptoms in a natural grassland in East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA, coxI and coxII mitochondrial genes clustered our isolates in Pythium group E as a unique, well supported clade. Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from the other closely related species in this clade, namely Pythium rostratifingens and Pythium rostratum. Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. can be distinguished from these two species by its cylindrical sporangia and lower temperatures for optimum and maximum growth rate. The development of zoospores released through a shorter discharge tube is an additional morphological feature which can be used to differentiate Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. from Pythium rostratifingens. Laboratory inoculation tests demonstrated the pathogenicity of Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. to L. perenne under wet cold (0-3 °C) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chenari Bouket
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Arzanlou
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
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Fukuta S, Takahashi R, Kuroyanagi S, Ishiguro Y, Miyake N, Nagai H, Suzuki H, Tsuji T, Hashizume F, Watanabe H, Kageyama K. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of Pythium myriotylum. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:49-57. [PMID: 24612040 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study reports the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the detection of Pythium myriotylum. The primer set targeting the ITS sequence of P. myriotylum worked most efficiently at 60°C and allowed the detection of P. myriotylum DNA within 30 min by fluorescence monitoring using a real-time PCR instrument. The peak denaturing temperature of amplified DNA was about 87·0°C. In specificity tests using eight Pythium myriotylum strains, 59 strains from 39 species of Pythium, 11 Phytophthora strains and eight other soil-borne pathogens, LAMP gave no cross-reactions. The detection limit was 100 fg of genomic DNA, which was as sensitive as PCR. LAMP could detect P. myriotylum in hydroponic solution samples, and the results coincided with those of the conventional plating method in almost all cases. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple and sensitive tool for the detection of P. myriotylum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows the first LAMP assay for the detection of Pythium myriotylum. The primer set designed from ITS region of P. myriotylum can detect the pathogen in field sample with a fast and convenient method. Analysis of the annealing curve of the LAMP reaction products increases the reliability of the LAMP diagnosis. This study shows that the diagnostic method using the LAMP assay is useful for monitoring P. myriotylum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuta
- Agri-environmental Division, Aichi Agricultural Research Center, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Vanittanakom N, Szekely J, Khanthawong S, Sawutdeechaikul P, Vanittanakom P, Fisher MC. Molecular detection of Pythium insidiosum from soil in Thai agricultural areas. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 304:321-6. [PMID: 24444720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic fungus-like organism in the kingdom Stramenopila that causes pythiosis in both humans and animals. Human pythiosis occurs in ocular, localized granulomatous subcutaneous and systemic or vascular forms. Individuals whose occupations involve exposure to aquatic habitats have an elevated risk of contracting pythiosis. Previously, we reported the first successful isolation of Pythium insidiosum from aquatic environmental samples by culture including confirmation using molecular methods. In this study, we show that P. insidiosum inhabitats moist soil environments in agricultural areas. A total of 303 soil samples were collected from 25 irrigation sources in the areas nearby the recorded home addresses of pythiosis patients residing in northern provinces of Thailand. P. insidiosum DNA was identified directly from each soil extract by using a nested PCR assay and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal intragenic spacer region. P. insidiosum DNA could be detected from 16 of the 25 soil sources (64%). Conventional culture methods were also performed, however all samples exhibited negative culture results. We conclude that both irrigation water and soil are the natural reservoirs of P. insidiosum. In endemic areas, the exposure to these environmental reservoirs should be considered a risk factor for hosts susceptible to pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jidapa Szekely
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sophit Khanthawong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Matthew C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norfolk Place, Imperial College, London, UK
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Schroeder KL, Martin FN, de Cock AWAM, Lévesque CA, Spies CFJ, Okubara PA, Paulitz TC. Molecular Detection and Quantification of Pythium Species: Evolving Taxonomy, New Tools, and Challenges. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:4-20. [PMID: 30722255 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-12-0243-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pythium is one of the most important groups of soilborne plant pathogens, present in almost every agricultural soil and attacking the roots of thousands of hosts, reducing crop yield and quality. Most species are generalists, necrotrophic pathogens that infect young juvenile tissue. In fact, Cook and Veseth have called Pythium the "common cold" of wheat, because of its chronic nature and ubiquitous distribution. Where Pythium spp. are the cause of seedling damping-off or emergence reduction, the causal agent can easily be identified based on symptoms and culturing. In more mature plants, however, infection by Pythium spp. is more difficult to diagnose, because of the nonspecific symptoms that could have abiotic causes such as nutrient deficiencies or be due to other root rotting pathogens. Molecular methods that can accurately identify and quantify this important group are needed for disease diagnosis and management recommendations and to better understand the epidemiology and ecology of this important group. The purpose of this article is to outline the current state-of-the-art in the detection and quantification of this important genus. In addition, we will introduce the reader to new changes in the taxonomy of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C André Lévesque
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON
| | | | - Patricia A Okubara
- USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Pullman, WA
| | - Timothy C Paulitz
- USDA-ARS, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Pullman, WA
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Tojo M, Van West P, Hoshino T, Kida K, Fujii H, Hakoda A, Kawaguchi Y, Mühlhauser HA, Van Den Berg AH, Küpper FC, Herrero ML, Klemsdal SS, Tronsmo AM, Kanda H. Pythium polare, a new heterothallic oomycete causing brown discolouration of Sanionia uncinata in the Arctic and Antarctic. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:756-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Li M, Senda M, Komatsu T, Suga H, Kageyama K. Development of real-time PCR technique for the estimation of population density of Pythium intermedium in forest soils. Microbiol Res 2010; 165:695-705. [PMID: 20116230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pythium intermedium is known to play an important role in the carbon cycling of cool-temperate forest soils. In this study, a fast, precise and effective real-time PCR technique for estimating the population densities of P. intermedium from soils was developed using species-specific primers. Specificity was confirmed both with conventional PCR and real-time PCR. The detection limit (sensitivity) was determined and amplification standard curves were generated using SYBR Green II fluorescent dye. A rapid and accurate assay for quantification of P. intermedium in Takayama forest soils of Japan was developed using a combination of a new DNA extraction method and PCR primers were developed for real-time PCR. And the distribution of P. intermedium in forest soil was investigated with both soil plating method and the developed real-time PCR technique. This new technique will be a useful tool and can be applied to practical use for studying the role of Pythium species in forest and agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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24
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Senda M, Kageyama K, Suga H, Lévesque CA. Two new species of Pythium, P. senticosum and P. takayamanum,isolated from cool-temperate forest soil in Japan. Mycologia 2009; 101:439-48. [PMID: 19623925 DOI: 10.3852/08-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pythium senticosum and P. takayamanum spp. nov. were isolated from cool-temperate forest soil in Japan. P. senticosum can grow at 5 C and is fast growing at 25 C with a radial growth of 22.2 mm 24 h(-1). The species is morphologically characterized by ovoid to ellipsoid sporangia with apical papilla, ornamented oogonia with acute conical spines, and antheridia with broad attachment to oogonia. P. takayamanum is very different and can grow at 35 C. This species is morphologically characterized by its wavy antheridial stalks and ellipsoidal oogonia with constricted areas. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA region and the partial COX2 gene showed that the two species are genetically distinct from each other and from their closest relatives. P. senticosum is closely related to P. dimorphum and P. undulatum whereas P. takayamanum is closely related to P. rhizosaccharum and P. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Senda
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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