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Ahamad F, Khan MR. Incidence of Sheath Blight in Irrigated Rice and Associated Yield Losses in Northern India. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2907-2915. [PMID: 37877938 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2905-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice-growing districts in Uttar Pradesh, India, were surveyed during the months of July and October to record the frequency of occurrence and disease incidence of sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani in paddy. A total of 180 paddy fields were surveyed at the block level of 21 districts, where almost all the rice varieties were found highly susceptible to R. solani and exhibited severe yield loss compared with low-infested fields. The district Muzaffarnagar had the highest rate of disease occurrence, while maximum disease severity was recorded in the district Saharanpur. This district also had the highest soil population of R. solani, followed by Mathura, Muzaffarnagar, Barabanki, Aligarh, Sultanpur, Mainpuri, and Rampur. The greatest relative yield loss attributed to sheath blight infestation was recorded in Mathura (40%). The yield loss was linearly correlated with soil population of R. solani and disease incidence. Disease occurrence, incidence, severity, and yield loss to paddy were all significantly greater in the area which experienced relatively higher temperatures (25 to 38°C) and relative humidity (49 to 100%) during the months of June to August. Furthermore, the fields applied with a total dose of 250 to 280 kg nitrogen/ha exhibited higher disease severity (2.9 to 3.3 score) compared with fields that received a moderate dose of 140 to 180 kg N/ha (0.9 to 1.8 disease severity score). The rice nursery fields were found almost free from the sheath blight, but the disease was quite prevalent in the paddy fields with 7.2 to 38.9% disease incidence which resulted in 14.3 to 39.7% yield loss to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahamad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India 202002
| | - Mujeebur Rahman Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India 202002
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Hosseini B, Voegele RT, Link TI. Diagnosis of Soybean Diseases Caused by Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens: Existing Methods and New Developments. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050587. [PMID: 37233298 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) acreage is increasing dramatically, together with the use of soybean as a source of vegetable protein and oil. However, soybean production is affected by several diseases, especially diseases caused by fungal seed-borne pathogens. As infected seeds often appear symptomless, diagnosis by applying accurate detection techniques is essential to prevent propagation of pathogens. Seed incubation on culture media is the traditional method to detect such pathogens. This method is simple, but fungi have to develop axenically and expert mycologists are required for species identification. Even experts may not be able to provide reliable type level identification because of close similarities between species. Other pathogens are soil-borne. Here, traditional methods for detection and identification pose even greater problems. Recently, molecular methods, based on analyzing DNA, have been developed for sensitive and specific identification. Here, we provide an overview of available molecular assays to identify species of the genera Diaporthe, Sclerotinia, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Cercospora, Septoria, Macrophomina, Phialophora, Rhizoctonia, Phakopsora, Phytophthora, and Pythium, causing soybean diseases. We also describe the basic steps in establishing PCR-based detection methods, and we discuss potentials and challenges in using such assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Hosseini
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomas Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Immanuel Link
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Li Y, Li S, Liang Z, Cai Q, Zhou T, Zhao C, Wu X. RNA-seq Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4HGI Strain BJ-1H Infected by a New Viral Strain of Rhizoctonia solani Partitivirus 2 Reveals a Potential Mechanism for Hypovirulence. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1373-1385. [PMID: 34965159 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0349-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 2 (RsPV2), in the genus Alphapartitivirus, confers hypovirulence on R. solani AG-1-IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight. In this study, a new strain of RsPV2 obtained from R. solani AG-4HGI strain BJ-1H, the causal agent of black scurf on potato, wasidentified and designated as Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 2 strain BJ-1H (RsPV2-BJ). An RNA sequencing analysis of strain BJ-1H and the virus RsPV2-BJ-free strain BJ-1H-VF derived from strain BJ-1H was conducted to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of hypovirulence induced by RsPV2-BJ. In total, 14,319 unigenes were obtained, and 1,341 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 570 DEGs being down-regulated and 771 being up-regulated. Notably, several up-regulated DEGs were annotated to cell wall degrading enzymes, including β-1,3-glucanases. Strain BJ-1H exhibited increased expression of β-1,3-glucanase after RsPV2-BJ infection, suggesting that cell wall autolysis activity in R. solani AG-4HGI strain BJ-1H might be promoted by RsPV2-BJ, inducing hypovirulence in its host fungus R. solani AG-4HGI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential mechanism of hypovirulence induced by a mycovirus in R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingnian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Lin YH, Shen SM, Wen CJ, Lin YJ, Chang TD, Chu SC. Molecular Detection Assays for Rapid Field-Detection of Rice Sheath Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:552916. [PMID: 33505407 PMCID: PMC7829186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.552916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), a soil-borne fungal pathogen, can result in rice sheath blight (ShB), which causes yield loss. To prevent outbreaks of ShB and enhance the sustainability of rice production, it is critical to develop a rapid ShB detection method for specific, fast, and on-site disease management. In this study, a reagent for the rapid extraction of this pathogen was developed for on-site detection. The specificity and sensitivity of a novel SMS RS1-F/SMS RS1-R primer set and a ITS1/GMRS-3 reference primer set were tested, while four different extraction protocols for ShB were developed. Moreover, intraday and interday assays were performed to evaluate the reproducibility of the detection methods developed. The results indicated that all of the developed protocols are suitable for use in detecting ShB. In addition, all the samples of infected rice yielded positive Rs detection results when subjected to TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and SYBR green-based real-time PCR (SMS RS1-F/SMS RS1-R) tests in which automatic magnetic bead-based DNA extraction was performed. These results indicated that the two molecular detection protocols were suitable for the field diagnosis of ShB for all asymptomatic and symptomatic rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hong Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Plant Medicine Teaching Hospital, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Mao Shen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jie Wen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-De Chang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Chu
- Biological Control Branch Station, Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Koley P, Brahmachari S, Saha A, Deb C, Mondal M, Das N, Das A, Lahiri S, Das M, Thakur M, Kundu S. Phytohormone Priming of Tomato Plants Evoke Differential Behavior in Rhizoctonia solani During Infection, With Salicylate Priming Imparting Greater Tolerance Than Jasmonate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766095. [PMID: 35082805 PMCID: PMC8784698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of phytohormone defense, the general perception is that salicylate (SA)-mediated defense is induced against biotrophic pathogens while jasmonate (JA)-mediated defense functions against necrotrophic pathogens. Our goals were to observe the behavior of the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in the vicinity, on the surface, and within the host tissue after priming the host with SA or JA, and to see if priming with these phytohormones would affect the host defense differently upon infection. It was observed for the first time, that R. solani could not only distinguish between JA versus SA-primed tomato plants from a distance, but surprisingly avoided SA-primed plants more than JA-primed plants. To corroborate these findings, early infection events were monitored and compared through microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy using transformed R. solani expressing green fluorescence protein gene (gfp). Different histochemical and physiological parameters were compared between the unprimed control, JA-primed, and SA-primed plants after infection. The expression of a total of fifteen genes, including the appressoria-related gene of the pathogen and twelve marker genes functioning in the SA and JA signaling pathways, were monitored over a time course during early infection stages. R. solani being traditionally designated as a necrotroph, the major unexpected observations were that Salicylate priming offered better tolerance than Jasmonate priming and that it was mediated through the activation of SA-mediated defense during the initial phase of infection, followed by JA-mediated defense in the later phase. Hence, the present scenario of biphasic SA-JA defense cascades during R. solani infection, with SA priming imparting maximum tolerance, indicate a possible hemibiotrophic pathosystem that needs to be investigated further.
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Wallon T, Sauvageau A, Van der Heyden H. Detection and Quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB Causing the Bottom Rot of Lettuce in Tissues and Soils by Multiplex qPCR. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010057. [PMID: 33383813 PMCID: PMC7824208 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the muck soil region of southwestern Quebec, vegetable growers are threatened by several soilborne diseases, particularly the bottom rot of lettuce caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The particularly warm temperature of the few last seasons was marked by an increase in disease severity, and the associated yield losses were significant for Quebec lettuce growers. In the absence of registered fungicides and resistant cultivars, the management of Rhizoctonia solani-induced diseases in lettuce is based on good agricultural practices, which require detailed knowledge of the pathogen. In this study, Rhizoctonia solani fungal strains were isolated from infected field-grown lettuce plants presenting bottom rot symptoms to determine the anastomotic groups (AGs) of these isolates by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing. Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB was identified as the main anastomotic group causing bottom rot lettuce in field-grown lettuce in organic soils in the Montérégie region. Two specific and sensitive quantitative PCR assays were then developed for R. solani AG1-IB and R. solani. The AG 1-IB qPCR assay amplified all strains of R. solani AG 1-IB tested, and no PCR product was obtained for any non-target strains. The R. solani qPCR assay amplified all strains of R. solani and did not amplify non-target strains, except for two strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-E. In artificially inoculated soils, the sensitivity of both qPCR assays was set to 1 μg of sclerotia g-1 of dry soil. In the growth chamber experiment, a minimum concentration between 14 and 42 μg sclerotia g-1 of dry soil was required to induce the development of symptoms on the lettuce. Indeed, the AG 1-IB qPCR assay was sensitive enough to detect the lowest soil concentration of AG1-IB capable of inducing symptoms in head lettuce. In addition, the qPCR assays successfully detected R. solani and R. solani AG 1-IB from infected plant tissue samples and soil samples from lettuce fields. The qPCR assays developed in this study will be useful tools in lettuce bottom rot management.
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Kouzai Y, Shimizu M, Inoue K, Uehara‐Yamaguchi Y, Takahagi K, Nakayama R, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Abdelsalam SSH, Noutoshi Y, Mochida K. BdWRKY38 is required for the incompatible interaction of Brachypodium distachyon with the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:995-1008. [PMID: 32891065 PMCID: PMC7756360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight in grasses. The basal resistance of compatible interactions between R. solani and rice is known to be modulated by some WRKY transcription factors (TFs). However, genes and defense responses involved in incompatible interaction with R. solani remain unexplored, because no such interactions are known in any host plants. Recently, we demonstrated that Bd3-1, an accession of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, is resistant to R. solani and, upon inoculation with the fungus, undergoes rapid induction of genes responsive to the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) that encode the WRKY TFs BdWRKY38 and BdWRKY44. Here, we show that endogenous SA and these WRKY TFs positively regulate this accession-specific R. solani resistance. In contrast to a susceptible accession (Bd21), the infection process in the resistant accessions Bd3-1 and Tek-3 was suppressed at early stages before the development of fungal biomass and infection machinery. A comparative transcriptome analysis during pathogen infection revealed that putative WRKY-dependent defense genes were induced faster in the resistant accessions than in Bd21. A gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis based on the transcriptome dataset demonstrated that BdWRKY38 was a GRN hub connected to many target genes specifically in resistant accessions, whereas BdWRKY44 was shared in the GRNs of all three accessions. Moreover, overexpression of BdWRKY38 increased R. solani resistance in Bd21. Our findings demonstrate that these resistant accessions can activate an incompatible host response to R. solani, and BdWRKY38 regulates this response by mediating SA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Yukiko Uehara‐Yamaguchi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
| | - Risa Nakayama
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Sobhy S. H. Abdelsalam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology LaboratoryRIKEN Baton Zone ProgramRIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
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Kulik T, Bilska K, Żelechowski M. Promising Perspectives for Detection, Identification, and Quantification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes through Targeting Mitochondrial DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2645. [PMID: 32290169 PMCID: PMC7177237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi and oomycetes encompass many pathogens affecting crops worldwide. Their effective control requires screening pathogens across the local and international trade networks along with the monitoring of pathogen inocula in the field. Fundamentals to all of these concerns are their efficient detection, identification, and quantification. The use of molecular markers showed the best promise in the field of plant pathogen diagnostics. However, despite the unquestionable benefits of DNA-based methods, two significant limitations are associated with their use. The first limitation concerns the insufficient level of sensitivity due to the very low and uneven distribution of pathogens in plant material. The second limitation pertains to the inability of widely used diagnostic assays to detect cryptic species. Targeting mtDNA appears to provide a solution to these challenges. Its high copy number in microbial cells makes mtDNA an attractive target for developing highly sensitive assays. In addition, previous studies on different pathogen taxa indicated that mitogenome sequence variation could improve cryptic species delimitation accuracy. This review sheds light on the potential application of mtDNA for pathogen diagnostics. This paper covers a brief description of qPCR and DNA barcoding as two major strategies enabling the diagnostics of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Both strategies are discussed along with the potential use of mtDNA, including their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Żelechowski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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Kachewar NR, Gupta V, Ranjan A, Patel HK, Sonti RV. Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:530. [PMID: 31783788 PMCID: PMC6884774 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) induce plant immune responses and E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to play important roles in regulating plant defenses. Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is enhanced upon treatment of leaves with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) secreted CWDEs such as Cellulase and Lipase/Esterase. However, it is not reported to have a role in elicitation of immune responses. RESULTS Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is induced when rice leaves are treated with either CWDEs, pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogens. Overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to induction of callose deposition, enhanced tolerance to Xoo and Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice and Arabidopsis respectively. In rice, transient overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to enhanced expression of PR genes and SA as well as JA biosynthetic and response genes. However, in Arabidopsis, ectopic expression of OsPUB41 results in upregulation of only JA biosynthetic and response genes. Transient overexpression of either of the two biochemically inactive mutants (OsPUB41C40A and OsPUB41V51R) of OsPUB41 in rice and stable transgenics in Arabidopsis ectopically expressing OsPUB41C40A failed to elicit immune responses. This indicates that the E3 ligase activity of OsPUB41 protein is essential for induction of plant defense responses. CONCLUSION The results presented here suggest that OsPUB41 is possibly involved in elicitation of CWDE triggered immune responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishal Gupta
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Hitendra Kumar Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ramesh V. Sonti
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Hrytsev О. MULTIPLEX-TOUCHDOWN PCR FOR RAPID SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF Rhizoctonia cerealis AND Rhizoctonia solani. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech12.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Kouzai Y, Kimura M, Watanabe M, Kusunoki K, Osaka D, Suzuki T, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Minami E, Nishizawa Y, Inoue K, Onda Y, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Salicylic acid-dependent immunity contributes to resistance against Rhizoctonia solani, a necrotrophic fungal agent of sheath blight, in rice and Brachypodium distachyon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:771-783. [PMID: 29048113 PMCID: PMC5765516 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungus causing sheath blight. In consistent with its necrotrophic life style, no rice cultivars fully resistant to R. solani are known, and agrochemical plant defense activators used for rice blast, which upregulate a phytohormonal salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathway, are ineffective towards this pathogen. As a result of the unavailability of genetics, the infection process of R. solani remains unclear. We used the model monocotyledonous plants Brachypodium distachyon and rice, and evaluated the effects of phytohormone-induced resistance to R. solani by pharmacological, genetic and microscopic approaches to understand fungal pathogenicity. Pretreatment with SA, but not with plant defense activators used in agriculture, can unexpectedly induce sheath blight resistance in plants. SA treatment inhibits the advancement of R. solani to the point in the infection process in which fungal biomass shows remarkable expansion and specific infection machinery is developed. The involvement of SA in R. solani resistance is demonstrated by SA-deficient NahG transgenic rice and the sheath blight-resistant B. distachyon accessions, Bd3-1 and Gaz-4, which activate SA-dependent signaling on inoculation. Our findings suggest a hemi-biotrophic nature of R. solani, which can be targeted by SA-dependent plant immunity. Furthermore, B. distachyon provides a genetic resource that can confer disease resistance against R. solani to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kusunoki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Daiki Osaka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Onda
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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12
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Xia Y, Fei B, He J, Zhou M, Zhang D, Pan L, Li S, Liang Y, Wang L, Zhu J, Li P, Zheng A. Transcriptome analysis reveals the host selection fitness mechanisms of the Rhizoctonia solani AG1IA pathogen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10120. [PMID: 28860554 PMCID: PMC5579035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani AG1IA is a major generalist pathogen that causes sheath blight. Its genome, which was the first to be sequenced from the Rhizoctonia genus, may serve as a model for studying pathogenic mechanisms. To explore the pathogen-host fitness mechanism of sheath-blight fungus, a comprehensive comparative transcriptome ecotype analysis of R. solani AG1IA isolated from rice, soybean and corn during infection was performed. Special characteristics in gene expression, gene ontology terms and expression of pathogenesis-associated genes, including genes encoding secreted proteins, candidate effectors, hydrolases, and proteins involved in secondary metabolite production and the MAPK pathway, were revealed. Furthermore, as an important means of pathogenic modulation, diverse alternative splicing of key pathogenic genes in Rhizoctonia solani AG1IA during infections of the abovementioned hosts was uncovered for the first time. These important findings of key factors in the pathogenicity of R. solani AG1IA ecotypes during infection of various hosts explain host preference and provide novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms and host-pathogen selection. Furthermore, they provide information on the fitness of Rhizoctonia, a severe pathogen with a wide host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Binghong Fei
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiayu He
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Menglin Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linxiu Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Corp Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Corp Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Corp Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Corp Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Corp Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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13
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Pereira DADS, Ceresini PC, Castroagudín VL, Ramos-Molina LM, Chavarro-Mesa E, Negrisoli MM, Campos SN, Pegolo MES, Takada HM. Population Genetic Structure of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae from Rice in Latin America and Its Adaptive Potential to Emerge as a Pathogen on Urochloa Pastures. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:121-131. [PMID: 27571310 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0219-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae is an important pathogen that causes the aggregated sheath spot disease on rice. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of rice-adapted populations of R. oryzae-sativae sampled from traditional rice-cropping areas from the Paraíba Valley, São Paulo, Brazil, and from Meta, in the Colombian Llanos, in South America. We used five microsatellite loci to measure population differentiation and infer the pathogen's reproductive system. Gene flow was detected among the three populations of R. oryzae-sativae from lowland rice in Brazil and Colombia. In contrast, a lack of gene flow was observed between the lowland and the upland rice populations of the pathogen. Evidence of sexual reproduction including low clonality, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within loci and gametic equilibrium between loci, indicated the predominance of a mixed reproductive system in all populations. In addition, we assessed the adaptive potential of the Brazilian populations of R. oryzae-sativae to emerge as a pathogen to Urochloa spp. (signalgrass) based on greenhouse aggressiveness assays. The Brazilian populations of R. oryzae-sativae were probably only incipiently adapted as a pathogen to Urochloa spp. Comparison between RST and QST showed the predominance of diversifying selection in the divergence between the two populations of R. oryzae-sativae from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A Dos Santos Pereira
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ceresini
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanina L Castroagudín
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lina M Ramos-Molina
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edisson Chavarro-Mesa
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Samara Nunes Campos
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro E S Pegolo
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Minoru Takada
- First, second, third, sixth, seventh and eighth authors, UNESP University of São Paulo State, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; fourth and fifth authors, UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eighth author, APTA/IAC, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Vale do Paraíba Regional Center, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
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14
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Dubey SC, Tripathi A, Upadhyay BK, Kumar A. Development of conventional and real time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani infecting pulse crops. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Peng X, Wang H, Jang JC, Xiao T, He H, Jiang D, Tang X. OsWRKY80-OsWRKY4 Module as a Positive Regulatory Circuit in Rice Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:63. [PMID: 27888467 PMCID: PMC5124021 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant WRKY transcription factors play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes but most notably in plant defense response to pathogens. Sheath blight represents one of the predominant diseases in rice. However, our knowledge about the functions of WRKY proteins in rice defense against sheath blight is rather limited. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that the expression of Oryza sativa WRKY80 gene (OsWRKY80) is rapidly and strongly induced upon infection of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight disease. OsWRKY80 expression is also induced by exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), but not by salicylic acid (SA). OsWRKY80-GFP is localized in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells in a transient expression assay. Consistently, OsWRKY80 exhibits transcriptional activation activity in a GAL4 assay in yeast cells. Overexpression of OsWRKY80 in rice plants significantly enhanced disease resistance to R. solani, concomitant with elevated expression of OsWRKY4, another positive regulator in rice defense against R. solani. Suppression of OsWRKY80 by RNA interference (RNAi), on the other hand, compromised disease resistance to R. solani. Results of yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression assay in tobacco cells have revealed that OsWRKY80 specifically binds to the promoter regions of OsWRKY4, which contain W-box (TTGAC[C/T]) or W-box like (TGAC[C/T]) cis-elements. CONCLUSIONS We propose that OsWRKY80 functions upstream of OsWRKY4 as an important positive regulatory circuit that is implicated in rice defense response to sheath blight pathogen R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixu Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China.
| | - Jyan-Chyun Jang
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
| | - Xinke Tang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, China
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16
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Patil HJ, Solanki MK. Molecular Prospecting: Advancement in Diagnosis and Control of Rhizoctonia solani Diseases in Plants. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Meng J, Peng X, Tang X, Zhou P, Xiang J, Deng X. Rice WRKY4 acts as a transcriptional activator mediating defense responses toward Rhizoctonia solani, the causing agent of rice sheath blight. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:157-71. [PMID: 26275661 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with various plant processes but most notably with plant defense responses to pathogens. Here we demonstrate that expression of rice WRKY4 gene (OsWRKY4) was rapidly and strongly induced upon infection of Rhizoctonia solani, the causing agent of rice sheath blight, and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). OsWRKY4 is localized to the nucleus of plant cells and possesses transcriptional activation ability. Modulation of OsWRKY4 transcript levels by constitutive overexpression increases resistance to the necrotrophic sheath blight fungus, concomitant with elevated expression of JA- and ET-responsive pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR1a, PR1b, PR5 and PR10/PBZ1. Suppression by RNA interference (RNAi), on the other hand, compromises resistance to the fungal pathogen. Yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression in tobacco cells reveal that OsWRKY4 specifically binds to the promoter regions of PR1b and PR5 which contain W-box (TTGAC[C/T]), or W-box like (TGAC[C/T]) cis-elements. In conclusion, we propose that OsWRKY4 functions as an important positive regulator that is implicated in the defense responses to rice sheath blight via JA/ET-dependent signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiao Meng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xixu Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xinke Tang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Pinglan Zhou
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua Xiang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobo Deng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
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18
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Su'udi M, Park JM, Kang WR, Hwang DJ, Kim S, Ahn IP. Quantification of rice sheath blight progression caused by Rhizoctonia solani. J Microbiol 2013; 51:380-8. [PMID: 23812819 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-3274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range, including almost all cultivated crops and its subgroup anastomosis group (AG)-1 IA causes sheath blight in rice. An accurate measurement of pathogen's biomass is a convincing tool for enumeration of this disease. Mycological characteristics and molecular diagnosis simultaneously supported that all six strains in this study were R. solani AG-1 IA. Heterokaryons between strains Rs40104, Rs40105, and Rs45811 were stable and viable, whereas Rs40103 and Rs40106 did not form viable fused cells, except for the combination of Rs40106 and Rs40104. A primer pair was highly specific to RsAROM gene of R. solani strains and the amplified fragment exists as double copies within fungal genome. The relationship between crossing point (CP) values and the amount of fungal DNA was reliable (R (2) >0.99). Based on these results, we determined R. solani's proliferation within infected stems through real time PCR using a primer pair and a Taqman probe specific to the RsAROM gene. The amount of fungal DNA within the 250 ng of tissue DNA from rice cv. Dongjin infected with Rs40104, Rs40105, and Rs45811 were 7.436, 5.830, and 5.085 ng, respectively. In contrast, the fungal DNAs within the stems inoculated with Rs40103 and Rs40106 were 0.091 and 0.842 ng. The sheath blight symptom progression approximately coincided with the amount of fungal DNA within the symptoms. In summary, our quantitative evaluation method provided reliable and objective results reflecting the amount of fungal biomass within the infected tissues and would be useful for evaluation of resistance germplasm or fungicides and estimation of inoculum potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamad Su'udi
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
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Kishimoto K, Kouzai Y, Kaku H, Shibuya N, Minami E, Nishizawa Y. Perception of the chitin oligosaccharides contributes to disease resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 64:343-54. [PMID: 21070413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a component of fungal cell walls, and its fragments act as elicitors in many plants. The plasma membrane glycoprotein CEBiP, which possesses LysM domains, is a receptor for the chitin elicitor (CE) in rice. Here, we report that the perception of CE by CEBiP contributes to disease resistance against the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, and that enhanced responses to CE by engineering CEBiP increase disease tolerance. Knockdown of CEBiP expression allowed increased spread of the infection hyphae. To enhance defense responses to CE, we constructed chimeric genes composed of CEBiP and Xa21, which mediate resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight. The expression of either CRXa1 or CRXa3, each of which contains the whole extracellular portion of CEBiP, the whole intracellular domain of XA21, and the transmembrane domain from either CEBiP or XA21, induced cell death accompanied by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after treatment with CE. Rice plants expressing the chimeric receptor exhibited necrotic lesions in response to CE and became more resistant to M. oryzae. Deletion of the first LysM domain in CRXA1 abolished these cellular responses. These results suggest that CEs are produced and recognized through the LysM domain of CEBiP during the interaction between rice and M. oryzae and imply that engineering pattern recognition receptors represents a new strategy for crop protection against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutaro Kishimoto
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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