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Tibola CS, Eichelberger L, Fernandes JMC, Simões D, Fontes MRV, da Rosa Zavareze E, Dias ARG. Wheat debranning: effects on mycotoxins, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:631-639. [PMID: 39078561 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The debranning process, at an industrial scale, was applied to grains of two wheat cultivars to determine its effect on Fusarium mycotoxin content and antioxidant activity. Grain samples from the BRS Marcante and BRS Reponte wheat cultivars, naturally contaminated by Fusarium, were used in the study. The dry wheat samples were processed on the polisher once or twice and evaluated by hardness index, chemical composition (moisture, protein, and ash), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) levels, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In the BRS Marcante cultivar, the debranning process only slightly reduced the DON and ZON contents in whole-wheat flours compared with the previous cleaning treatment (no-debranned). In the BRS Reponte cultivar, the DON concentration decreased by 36% at a debranning ratio of 5%, obtained by polishing, compared with prior cleaning treatment (no-debranned). In addition, the polishing reduced the ZON level by 56% compared with the cleaned wheat. The debranning process did not reduce the antioxidant capacity. Therefore, debranning is a suitable technology to obtain safer and healthier food by minimizing the mycotoxin content and retaining antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casiane Salete Tibola
- Embrapa Trigo, Rodovia BR-285, km 294-C.P. 3081, Passo Fundo, RS, 99050-970, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eichelberger
- Embrapa Trigo, Rodovia BR-285, km 294-C.P. 3081, Passo Fundo, RS, 99050-970, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Simões
- Grupo Idugel, Avenida Adolfo Zigueli, 2160-Nossa Sra. Lourdes, Joaçaba, SC, 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Ramos Vaz Fontes
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
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Yang M, Smit S, de Ridder D, Feng J, Liu T, Xu J, van der Lee TAJ, Zhang H, Chen W. Adaptation of Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens to Changes in Agricultural Practices and Human Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401899. [PMID: 39099330 PMCID: PMC11423162 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. To understand the impact of human migration and changes in agricultural practices on crop pathogens, here population genomic analysis with 245 representative strains from a collection of 4,427 field isolates of Fusarium asiaticum, the causal agent of FHB in Southern China is conducted. Three populations with distinct evolution trajectories are identifies over the last 10,000 years that can be correlated with historically documented changes in agricultural practices due to human migration caused by the Southern Expeditions during the Jin Dynasty. The gradual decrease of 3ADON-producing isolates from north to south along with the population structure and spore dispersal patterns shows the long-distance (>250 km) dispersal of F. asiaticum. These insights into population dynamics and evolutionary history of FHB pathogens are corroborated by a genome-wide analysis with strains originating from Japan, South America, and the USA, confirming the adaptation of FHB pathogens to cropping systems and human migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Smit
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Gangu, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui, 741200, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Theo A J van der Lee
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Gangu, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui, 741200, P. R. China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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3
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Scott CK, Wu F. Unintended food safety impacts of agricultural circular economies, with case studies in arsenic and mycotoxins. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:52. [PMID: 39138240 PMCID: PMC11322374 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
For millennia, food systems worldwide have employed practices befitting a circular economy: recycling of agricultural and food waste or byproducts, environmentally sustainable production methods, and food preservation to reduce waste. Many modern-day agricultural practices may also contribute to a circular economy through the reuse of waste products and/or reducing agricultural inputs. There are, however, food safety impacts. This paper describes two sustainable agricultural practices that have unintended positive and negative impacts on food safety: alternative rice cultivation practices and no-till agriculture. We highlight how alternative rice cultivation practices have intended benefits of water conservation and economic savings, yet also unintended effects on food safety by reducing foodborne arsenic levels while increasing cadmium levels. No-till agriculture reduces soil erosion and repurposes crop residues, but can lead to increased foodborne mycotoxin levels. Trade-offs, future research, and policy recommendations are discussed as we explore the duality of sustainable agricultural practices and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kelly Scott
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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4
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Deng S, Chang W, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Liu J, Wang H. Development and application of multiplex PCR for the rapid identification of four Fusarium spp. associated with Fusarium crown rot in wheat. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17656. [PMID: 38948216 PMCID: PMC11214737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium spp., is a devastating disease in wheat growing areas. Previous studies have shown that FCR is caused by co-infection of F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides in Hubei Province, China. In this study, a method was developed to simultaneously detected DNAs of F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides that can efficiently differentiate them. Whole genome sequence comparison of these four Fusarium spp. was performed and a 20 bp sequence was designed as an universal upstream primer. Specific downstream primers of each pathogen was also designed, which resulted in a 206, 482, 680, and 963 bp amplicon for each pathogen, respectively. Multiplex PCR specifically identified F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides but not from other 46 pathogens, and the detection limit of target pathogens is about 100 pg/μl. Moreover, we accurately determined the FCR pathogen species in wheat samples using the optimized multiplex PCR method. These results demonstrate that the multiplex PCR method established in this study can efficiently and rapidly identify F. graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, which should provide technical support for timely and targeted prevention and control of FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanke Liu
- General Plant Protection Station of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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5
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da Silva LAGA, Piacentini KC, Caramês ETDS, Silva NCC, Wawroszová S, Běláková S, Rocha LDO. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for estimating the presence of Fusarium and its mycotoxins in barley grains. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1369-1387. [PMID: 37640447 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2250474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Members within the Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) are able to produce mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN) and enniatins (ENNs) in food products. Consequently, alternative methods for assessing the levels of these mycotoxins are relevant for quick decision-making. In this context, qPCR based on key mycotoxin biosynthetic genes could aid in determining the toxigenic fungal biomass, and could therefore infer mycotoxin content. The aim of this study was to verify the use of qPCR as a technique for estimating DON, NIV, ENNs and ZEN, as well as Fusarium graminearum sensu lato (s.l.) and F. poae in barley grains. For this purpose, 53 barley samples were selected for mycobiota, mycotoxin and qPCR analyses. ENNs were the most frequent mycotoxins, followed by DON, ZEN and NIV. 83% of the samples were contaminated by F. graminearum s.l. and 51% by F. poae. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations for TRI12/15-ADON with DON, ESYN1 with ENNs, TRI12/15-ADON and ZEB1 with F. graminearum s.l., as well as ESYN1 and TRI12/NIV with F. poae. Based on the results, qPCR could be useful for the assessment of Fusarium presence, and therefore, provide an estimation of its mycotoxins' levels from the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karim Cristina Piacentini
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simona Wawroszová
- Regional Department Brno, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, National Reference Laboratory, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Běláková
- Malting Institute Brno, Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liliana de Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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6
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Laraba I, Ward TJ, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Azimi H, Xi P, McCormick SP, Hay WT, Hao G, Vaughan MM. Insights into the Aggressiveness of the Emerging North American Population 3 (NA3) of Fusarium graminearum. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2687-2700. [PMID: 36774561 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2698-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the United States and Canada, Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is the predominant etiological agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically devastating fungal disease of wheat and other small grains. Besides yield losses, FHB leads to grain contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful to plant, human, and livestock health. Three genetic North American populations of Fg, differing in their predominant trichothecene chemotype (i.e., NA1/15ADON, NA2/3ADON, and NA3/NX-2), have been identified. To improve our understanding of the newly discovered population NA3 and how population-level diversity influences FHB outcomes, we inoculated heads of the moderately resistant wheat cultivar Alsen with 15 representative strains from each population and evaluated disease progression, mycotoxin accumulation, and mycotoxin production per unit Fg biomass. Additionally, we evaluated population-specific differences in induced host defense responses. The NA3 population was significantly less aggressive than the NA1 and NA2 populations but posed a similar mycotoxigenic potential. Multiomics analyses revealed patterns in mycotoxin production per unit Fg biomass, expression of Fg aggressiveness-associated genes, and host defense responses that did not always correlate with the NA3-specific severity difference. Our comparative disease assay of NA3/NX-2 and admixed NA1/NX-2 strains indicated that the reduced NA3 aggressiveness is not due solely to the NX-2 chemotype. Notably, the NA1 and NA2 populations did not show a significant advantage over NA3 in perithecia production, a fitness-related trait. Together, our data highlight that the disease outcomes were not due to mycotoxin production or host defense alone, indicating that other virulence factors and/or host defense mechanisms are likely involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Laraba
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Todd J Ward
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | | | - Hilda Azimi
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Pengcheng Xi
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Susan P McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - William T Hay
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
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7
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Rosa SB, Humphreys G, Langille L, Voldeng H, Henriquez MA, Burt AJ, Randhawa HS, Fetch T, Hiebert CW, Blackwell B, Zegeye T, Cummiskey A, Fortier E, Scheeren PL, Turra C, McCallum B. Characterization of Brazilian spring wheat germplasm and its potential for increasing wheat genetic diversity in Canada. Front Genet 2023; 14:1125940. [PMID: 37007938 PMCID: PMC10063806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present era of climate instability, Canadian wheat production has been frequently affected by abiotic stresses and by dynamic populations of pathogens and pests that are more virulent and aggressive over time. Genetic diversity is fundamental to guarantee sustainable and improved wheat production. In the past, the genetics of Brazilian cultivars, such as Frontana, have been studied by Canadian researchers and consequently, Brazilian germplasm has been used to breed Canadian wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of Brazilian germplasm under Canadian growing conditions, including the reaction of the Brazilian germplasm to Canadian isolates/pathogens and to predict the presence of certain genes in an effort to increase genetic diversity, improve genetic gain and resilience of Canadian wheat. Over 100 Brazilian hard red spring wheat cultivars released from 1986 to 2016 were evaluated for their agronomic performance in eastern Canada. Some cultivars showed good adaptability, with several cultivars being superior or statistically equal to the highest yielding Canadian checks. Several Brazilian cultivars had excellent resistance to leaf rust, even though only a few of these tested positive for the presence of either Lr34 or Lr16, two of the most common resistance genes in Canadian wheat. Resistance for stem rust, stripe rust and powdery mildew was variable among the Brazilian cultivars. However, many Brazilian cultivars had high levels of resistance to Canadian and African - Ug99 strains of stem rust. Many Brazilian cultivars had good Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, which appears to be derived from Frontana. In contrast FHB resistance in Canadian wheat is largely based on the Chinese variety, Sumai-3. The Brazilian germplasm is a valuable source of semi-dwarf (Rht) genes, and 75% of the Brazilian collection possessed Rht-B1b. Many cultivars in the Brazilian collection were found to be genetically distinct from Canadian wheat, making them a valuable resource to increase the disease resistance and genetic variability in Canada and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barcellos Rosa
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Silvia Barcellos Rosa,
| | - Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Langille
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey Voldeng
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew James Burt
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harpinder Singh Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tom Fetch
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Barbara Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taye Zegeye
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Allan Cummiskey
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Eric Fortier
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Luiz Scheeren
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) Trigo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Camila Turra
- OR Melhoramento de Sementes, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Brent McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
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8
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Van Coller GJ, Rose LJ, Boutigny AL, Ward TJ, Lamprecht SC, Viljoen A. The distribution and type B trichothecene chemotype of Fusarium species associated with head blight of wheat in South Africa during 2008 and 2009. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275084. [PMID: 36156602 PMCID: PMC9512189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat occurs commonly in irrigation regions of South Africa and less frequently in dryland regions. Previous surveys of Fusarium species causing FHB identified isolates using morphological characters only. This study reports on a comprehensive characterisation of FHB pathogens conducted in 2008 and 2009. Symptomatic wheat heads were collected from the Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), Bushveld and eastern Free State (irrigation regions), and from one field in the Western Cape (dryland region). Fusarium isolates were identified with species-specific primers or analysis of partial EF-1α sequences. A representative subset of isolates was characterized morphologically. In total, 1047 Fusarium isolates were collected, comprising 24 species from seven broad species complexes. The F. sambucinum (FSAMSC) and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complexes (FIESC) were most common (83.5% and 13.3% of isolates, respectively). The F. chlamydosporum (FCSC), F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. solani (FSSC), and F. tricinctum species complexes (FTSC) were also observed. Within the FSAMSC, 90.7% of isolates belonged to the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC), accounting for 75.7% of isolates. The FGSC was the dominant Fusaria in all four irrigation regions. F. pseudograminearum dominated at the dryland field in the Western Cape. The Northern Cape had the highest species diversity (16 Fusarium species from all seven species complexes). The type B trichothecene chemotype of FGSC and related species was inferred with PCR. Chemotype diversity was limited (15-ADON = 90.1%) and highly structured in relation to species differences. These results expand the known species diversity associated with FHB in South Africa and include first reports of F. acuminatum, F. armeniacum, F. avenaceum, F. temperatum, and F. pseudograminearum from wheat heads in South Africa, and of F. brachygibbosum, F. lunulosporum and F. transvaalense from wheat globally. Potentially novel species were identified within the FCSC, FFSC, FOSC, FSAMSC, FIESC and FTSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhardus J. Van Coller
- Directorate: Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, South Africa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Lindy J. Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Anne-Laure Boutigny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Todd J. Ward
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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9
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Laraba I, Busman M, Geiser DM, O'Donnell K. Phylogenetic Diversity and Mycotoxin Potential of Emergent Phytopathogens Within the Fusarium tricinctum Species Complex. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1284-1298. [PMID: 34989594 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0394-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on multiple continents indicate members of the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) are emerging as prevalent pathogens of small-grain cereals, pulses, and other economically important crops. These understudied fusaria produce structurally diverse mycotoxins, among which enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON) are the most frequent and of greatest concern to food and feed safety. Herein a large survey of fusaria in the Fusarium Research Center and Agricultural Research Service culture collections was undertaken to assess species diversity and mycotoxin potential within the FTSC. A 151-strain collection originating from diverse hosts and substrates from different agroclimatic regions throughout the world was selected from 460 FTSC strains to represent the breadth of FTSC phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary relationships inferred from a five-locus dataset, using maximum likelihood and parsimony, resolved the 151 strains as 24 phylogenetically distinct species, including nine that are new to science. Of the five genes analyzed, nearly full-length phosphate permease sequences contained the most phylogenetically informative characters, establishing its suitability for species-level phylogenetics within the FTSC. Fifteen of the species produced ENNs, MON, the sphingosine analog 2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol (AOD), and the toxic pigment aurofusarin (AUR) on a cracked corn kernel substrate. Interestingly, the five earliest diverging species in the FTSC phylogeny (i.e., F. iranicum, F. flocciferum, F. torulosum, and Fusarium spp. FTSC 8 and 24) failed to produce AOD and MON, but synthesized ENNs and/or AUR. Moreover, our reassessment of nine published phylogenetic studies on the FTSC identified 11 additional novel taxa, suggesting this complex comprises at least 36 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Laraba
- ORISE Fellow, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit (MPM), Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Mark Busman
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit (MPM), Peoria, IL 61604
| | - David M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit (MPM), Peoria, IL 61604
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10
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Köycü ND. Effect of fungicides on spike characteristics in winter wheat inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1001-1008. [PMID: 35438606 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2052971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of fungicides on the head blight (FHB) development disease index, percent spike harvest index (SHI), and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in wheat kernels under field conditions was evaluated after artificial spike inoculation with Fusarium culmorum (S-14). The trial was carried out using commercially available fungicides and a sensitive cultivar of bread wheat (Flamura-85) in a field of a wheat producer located in the Trakya region of Turkey. Fungicides were applied at the beginning of anthesis (ZGS 61), 48 hours after the inoculation with the pathogen. Disease index was determined 10 days and 14 days post-inoculation. The application of fungicides containing tebuconazole, thiophanate methyl plus tetraconazole and prothioconazole plus trifloxystrobin reduced the FHB disease and increased kernel number, spike weight, and kernel weight, as compared to the inoculated/non-fungicide control. The efficacy of tebuconazole and of prothioconazole plus trifloxystrobin was higher than that of thiophanate methyl plus tetraconazole on FHB disease severity, percent spike harvest index (SHI), and DON accumulation in wheat kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Desen Köycü
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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11
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Del Ponte EM, Moreira GM, Ward TJ, O'Donnell K, Nicolli CP, Machado FJ, Duffeck MR, Alves KS, Tessmann DJ, Waalwijk C, van der Lee T, Zhang H, Chulze SN, Stenglein SA, Pan D, Vero S, Vaillancourt LJ, Schmale DG, Esker PD, Moretti A, Logrieco AF, Kistler HC, Bergstrom GC, Viljoen A, Rose LJ, van Coller GJ, Lee T. Fusarium graminearum Species Complex: A Bibliographic Analysis and Web-Accessible Database for Global Mapping of Species and Trichothecene Toxin Chemotypes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:741-751. [PMID: 34491796 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0277-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is ranked among the five most destructive fungal pathogens that affect agroecosystems. It causes floral diseases in small grain cereals including wheat, barley, and oats, as well as maize and rice. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies reporting species within the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) and created two main data tables. The first contained summarized data from the articles including bibliographic, geographic, methodological (ID methods), host of origin and species, while the second data table contains information about the described strains such as publication, isolate code(s), host/substrate, year of isolation, geographical coordinates, species and trichothecene genotype. Analyses of the bibliographic data obtained from 123 publications from 2000 to 2021 by 498 unique authors and published in 40 journals are summarized. We describe the frequency of species and chemotypes for 16,274 strains for which geographical information was available, either provided as raw data or extracted from the publications, and sampled across six continents and 32 countries. The database and interactive interface are publicly available, allowing for searches, summarization, and mapping of strains according to several criteria including article, country, host, species and trichothecene genotype. The database will be updated as new articles are published and should be useful for guiding future surveys and exploring factors associated with species distribution such as climate and land use. Authors are encouraged to submit data at the strain level to the database, which is accessible at https://fgsc.netlify.app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Gláucia M Moreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Todd J Ward
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria 61604, U.S.A
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria 61604, U.S.A
| | - Camila P Nicolli
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Franklin J Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Maíra R Duffeck
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Kaique S Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Dauri J Tessmann
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Biointeractions & Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van der Lee
- Biointeractions & Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800 Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Buenos Aires, 7300, Argentina
| | - Dinorah Pan
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Vero
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lisa J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546-0312, U.S.A
| | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061-0390, U.S.A
| | - Paul D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Moretti
- National Research Council of Research, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council of Research, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - H Corby Kistler
- Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, St. Paul 55108, U.S.A
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-5904, U.S.A
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lindy J Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Gert J van Coller
- Plant Science, Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
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12
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Duffeck MR, Bandara AY, Weerasooriya DK, Collins AA, Jensen PJ, Kuldau GA, Del Ponte EM, Esker PD. Fusarium Head Blight of Small Grains in Pennsylvania: Unravelling Species Diversity, Toxin Types, Growth, and Triazole Sensitivity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:794-802. [PMID: 34491794 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0070-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) globally. Recent changes in the trichothecene (toxin) types in the North American FHB pathogens support the need for continued surveillance. In this study, 461 isolates were obtained from symptomatic spikes of wheat, spelt, barley, and rye crops during 2018 and 2019. These were all identified to species and toxin types using molecular-based approaches. An additional set of 77 F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering crop residues during winter 2012 were molecularly identified to toxin types. A subset of 31 F. graminearum isolates (15 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [15ADON] and 16 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [3ADON]) were assessed for mycelial growth, macroconidia, perithecia, and ascospore production, and sensitivity to two triazoles. Ninety percent of isolates obtained from the symptomatic spikes (n = 418) belonged to F. graminearum, with four other species found at a lower frequency (n = 39). The F. graminearum isolates from symptomatic spikes were mainly of the 15ADON (95%), followed by 3ADON (4%), nivalenol (0.7%), and NX-2 (0.3%) toxin types. All F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering residue were of the 15ADON type. The toxin types could not be differentiated based on the multivariate analysis of growth and reproduction traits. All isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and metconazole fungicides in vitro. This study confirms the dominance of F. graminearum and suggests ecological and environmental factors, to be further identified, that lead to similar composition of toxin types in the northern United States. Our results may be useful to assess the sustainability of FHB management practices and provide a baseline for future FHB surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra R Duffeck
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ananda Y Bandara
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Dilooshi K Weerasooriya
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa A Collins
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
- Southeast Agricultural Research and Extension Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Manheim 17545, U.S.A
| | - Philip J Jensen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Gretchen A Kuldau
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paul D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
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13
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Machado FJ, de Barros AV, McMaster N, Schmale DG, Vaillancourt LJ, Del Ponte EM. Aggressiveness and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium meridionale Compared with F. graminearum on Maize Ears and Stalks in the Field. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:271-277. [PMID: 34142851 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0149-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium meridionale and F. graminearum both cause Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) of maize in Brazil, but the former is much more common. Recent work with two isolates of each from maize suggested this dominance could be caused by greater aggressiveness and competitiveness of F. meridionale on maize. We evaluated pathogenicity and toxigenicity of 16 isolates of F. graminearum and 24 isolates of F. meridionale recovered from both wheat and maize. Strains were individually inoculated into ears of four maize hybrids in field trials. GER severity varied significantly between isolates within each species. Although ranges overlapped, the average GER severity induced by F. meridionale (25.2%) was two times as high overall as that induced by F. graminearum (12.8%) for isolates obtained from maize but was similar for those isolated from wheat (19.9 and 21.4%, respectively). In contrast, severity of GSR was slightly higher for F. graminearum (22.2%) than for F. meridionale (19.8%), with no effect of the host of origin. Deoxynivalenol and its acetylated form 15ADON were the main mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum (7/16 strains), and nivalenol toxin was produced by F. meridionale (17/24 strains). Six isolates of F. graminearum and three of F. meridionale also produced zearalenone. Results confirmed that F. meridionale from maize is, on average, more aggressive on maize but also suggested greater complexity related to diversity among the isolates within each species and their interactions with different hybrids. Further studies involving other components of the disease cycle are needed to more fully explain observed patterns of host dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin J Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Aline V de Barros
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicole McMaster
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | | | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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14
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de Arruda MHM, Schwab EDP, Zchonski FL, da Cruz JDF, Tessmann DJ, Da-Silva PR. Production of type-B trichothecenes by Fusarium meridionale, F. graminearum, and F. austroamericanum in wheat plants and rice medium. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 38:1-11. [PMID: 35001349 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-021-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food security goes beyond food being available; the food needs to be free of contaminants. Trichothecenes mycotoxins, produced by Fusarium fungus, are. among the most frequently found contaminants of wheat. In this study, we evaluated the production of trichothecenes Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), and nivalenol (NIV) by Fusarium meridionale, F. austroamericanum, and F. graminearum grown in wheat plants and rice medium. Fusarim meridionale was efficient only in the production of NIV (production range (pr) from 1340 to 2864 µg kg-1 in wheat plant), and F. austroamericanum in the production of 3-AcDON (pr from 50 to 192 µg kg-1 in wheat plant, and from 986 to 7045 µg kg-1 in rice medium) and DON (pr from 4076 to 13,701 µg kg-1 in wheat plant, and from 184 to 43,395 µg kg-1 in rice medium). Already, F. graminearum was efficient in the production of 3-AcDON only in rice medium (pr from 81 to 2342 µg kg-1), 15-AcDON in wheat plant (pr from 80 to 295 µg kg-1) and in rice medium (pr from 436 to 8597 µg kg-1), and DON also in wheat plant (pr from 7746 to 12,046 µg kg-1) and in rice medium (pr from 695 to 49,624 µg kg-1). The specificity of F. meridionale in the production of NIV but not the production of DON could generate a food security problem in regions where this species occurs and the amounts of NIV in grains and derivatives are not regulated in the food chain, as in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Liss Zchonski
- DNA Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-167, Brazil
| | | | - Dauri José Tessmann
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Da-Silva
- DNA Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, 85040-167, Brazil.
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15
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de Chaves MA, Reginatto P, da Costa BS, de Paschoal RI, Teixeira ML, Fuentefria AM. Fungicide Resistance in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:62. [PMID: 34994875 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusariosis affects cereal grain crops worldwide and is responsible for devastating crops, reducing grain quality and yield, and producing strong mycotoxins. Benzimidazoles and triazoles were recommended to combat fusariosis; however, there were reports of resistance, making it necessary to reflect on the reasons for this occurrence. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the fusariosis resistance to the main agricultural fungicides, to observe whether this resistance can cause changes in the production of mycotoxins, and to verify the influence of resistance on the cereal grain production chain. Scientific articles were selected from the ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Pubmed databases, published at maximum 10 years ago and covering the main fungicide classes that combat phytopathogenesis and mycotoxin production. A high occurrence of resistance to carbendazim was found, while few reports of resistance to triazoles are available. The effectiveness of strobilurins is doubtful, due to an increase of mycotoxins linked to it. It is possible to conclude that the large-scale use of fungicides can select resistant strains that will contribute to an increase in the production of mycotoxins and harm sectors of the world economy, not only the agriculture, but also sanitation and foreign trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Pharmacy, Annex II, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, São Luís, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Souza da Costa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Leslie JF, Moretti A, Mesterházy Á, Ameye M, Audenaert K, Singh PK, Richard-Forget F, Chulze SN, Ponte EMD, Chala A, Battilani P, Logrieco AF. Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 34679018 PMCID: PMC8541216 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Leslie
- Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Department of Plant Pathology, 1712 Claflin Avenue, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ákos Mesterházy
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico 06600, DF, Mexico;
| | | | - Sofía N. Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council-National University of Río Cuarto (CONICET-UNRC), 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Emerson M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Alemayehu Chala
- College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via E. Parmense, 84-29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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17
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Machado FJ, Kuhnem PR, Casa RT, McMaster N, Schmale DG, Vaillancourt LJ, Del Ponte EM. The Dominance of Fusarium meridionale Over F. graminearum Causing Gibberella Ear Rot in Brazil May Be Due to Increased Aggressiveness and Competitiveness. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1774-1781. [PMID: 33656353 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0515-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize is caused mainly by Fusarium meridionale, whereas F. graminearum is a minor contributor. To test the hypothesis that F. meridionale is more aggressive than F. graminearum on maize, six experiments were conducted in the south (summer) and one in the central-south (winter), totaling seven conditions (year × location × hybrid). Treatments consisted of F. graminearum or F. meridionale (two isolates of each) inoculated once 4 days after silk, inoculated sequentially and alternately (F. graminearum → F. meridionale or F. meridionale → F. graminearum) 6 days apart, or (in the central-south) inoculated sequentially without alternating species (F. meridionale → F. meridionale or F. graminearum → F. graminearum). Overall, severity was two times greater in the south (37.0%), where summer temperatures were warmer (20 to 25°C) than in central-south. In the south, severity was greatest in F. meridionale treatments (67.8%); followed by F. meridionale → F. graminearum (41.1%), then F. graminearum → F. meridionale (19.4%), and lowest in F. graminearum (2.1%), suggesting an antagonistic relationship. In the central-south (15 to 20°C), severity was generally higher in the sequential nonalternating inoculation treatments (F. meridionale → F. meridionale or F. graminearum → F. graminearum) than when either species was inoculated only once. Only nivalenol (NIV) or deoxynivalenol was detected when F. meridionale or F. graminearum, respectively, was inoculated singly, or sequentially with no alternation. Both toxins were found in grains harvested from the F. meridionale → F. graminearum treatment, whereas only NIV was found in kernels from the F. graminearum → F. meridionale treatment, suggesting that F. meridionale was more competitive than F. graminearum in coinoculations. The dominance of F. meridionale as a cause of GER in Brazil may be due in part to its higher aggressiveness and competitiveness compared with F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin J Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG, Brazil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A
| | - Paulo R Kuhnem
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Casa
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages SC, Brazil
| | - Nicole McMaster
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
| | | | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG, Brazil
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18
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Barro JP, Santana FM, Duffeck MR, Machado FJ, Lau D, Sbalcheiro CC, Schipanski CA, Chagas DF, Venancio WS, Dallagnol LJ, Guterres CW, Kuhnem P, Feksa HR, Del Ponte EM. Are Demethylation Inhibitor Plus Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide Premixes During Flowering Worthwhile for Fusarium Head Blight Control in Wheat? A Meta-Analysis. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2680-2687. [PMID: 33306428 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-2096-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is best controlled with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides during flowering. However, the use of premixes of DMI and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides to control FHB has increased in Brazil. Data on FHB severity and wheat yields measured in field experiments conducted in Brazil were gathered from both peer- and nonpeer-reviewed sources published from 2000 to 2018. After selection criteria were applied, 73 field trials from 35 bibliographic sources were identified, among which 50% of the data were obtained from cooperative network trials conducted after 2011. To be included in the analysis, DMI plus QoI premixes or tebuconazole were tested in at least 14 trials and 3 years. Four premixes met the criteria. Estimates of percent control (and respective 95% confidence intervals) by a network model fitted to the log of the treatment means ranged from 44.1% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once; 32.4 to 53.7) to 64.3% (pyraclostrobin plus metconazole; 58.4 to 69.3); the latter did not differ from tebuconazole (59.9%; 53.6 to 65.3). Yield response was statistically similar for pyraclostrobin plus metconazole (532.1 kg/ha; 441 to 623) and trifloxystrobin plus prothioconazole (494.9 kg/ha; 385 to 551), and both differed statistically from a group composed of tebuconazole (448.2 kg/ha; 342 to 554), trifloxystrobin plus tebuconazole (468.2 kg/ha; 385 to 551), azoxystrobin plus tebuconazole (462.4 kg/ha; 366 to 558), and pyraclostrobin plus metconazole applied once (413.7 kg/ha; 308 to 518). The two categories of FHB index (7% cutoff) and yield (3,000 kg/ha cutoff), both in the nontreated check, did not explain the heterogeneity in the estimates. Considering only the fungicide effects on yield, two sequential sprays of tebuconazole or one spray of pyraclostrobin plus metconazole as management choices are likely more profitable than DMI plus QoI premixes sprayed twice during flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Paulo Barro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio Martins Santana
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franklin Jackson Machado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Trigo, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leandro Jose Dallagnol
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Kuhnem
- Biotrigo Genética Ltda., 99052-160 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Rosa Feksa
- Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 85139-400 Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
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Munkvold GP, Proctor RH, Moretti A. Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium According to Contemporary Species Concepts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:373-402. [PMID: 34077240 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world and arguably the world's most important mycotoxin-producing genus. Fusarium species produce a staggering array of toxic metabolites that contribute to plant disease and mycotoxicoses in humans and other animals. A thorough understanding of the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing the toxicological risks associated with Fusarium diseases. There are thousands of reports of mycotoxin production by various species, and there have been numerous attempts to summarize them. These efforts have been complicated by competing classification systems based on morphology, sexual compatibility, and phylogenetic relationships. The current depth of knowledge of Fusarium genomes and mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways provides insights into how mycotoxin production is distributedamong species and multispecies lineages (species complexes) in the genus as well as opportunities to clarify and predict mycotoxin risks connected with known and newly described species. Here, we summarize mycotoxin production in the genus Fusarium and how mycotoxin risk aligns with current phylogenetic species concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA;
| | - Robert H Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Zingales V, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz MJ. Occurrence, mitigation and in vitro cytotoxicity of nivalenol, a type B trichothecene mycotoxin - Updates from the last decade (2010-2020). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112182. [PMID: 33838177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present review aims to give an overview of the literature of the last decade (2010-2020) concerning the occurrence of the type B trichothecene mycotoxin nivalenol (NIV) and its in vitro toxicity, with the purpose of updating information regarding last researches on this mycotoxin. The most recent studies on the possible methods for preventing Fusarium spp. growth and NIV production are also discussed. Recently, various environmental factors have been shown to influence strongly NIV occurrence. However, Fusarium spp. of the NIV genotype have been found almost worldwide. With regard to NIV cytotoxicity, NIV has been reported to cause a marked decrease in cell proliferation in different mammalian cells. In particular, the recent data suggest that organs containing actively proliferating cells represent the main targets of NIV. Moreover, NIV resulted to cause immunosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and genotoxicity. However, sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is currently lacking, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as a group 3 carcinogen. Further researches and the discovery of effective treatment strategies to prevent NIV contamination and to counteract its toxicity are urgently required against this common food-borne threat to human health and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mónica Fernández-Franzón
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Choi JH, Nah JY, Lee MJ, Jang JY, Lee T, Kim J. Fusarium diversity and mycotoxin occurrence in proso millet in Korea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Tralamazza SM, Piacentini KC, Savi GD, Carnielli-Queiroz L, de Carvalho Fontes L, Martins CS, Corrêa B, Rocha LO. Wild rice (O. latifolia) from natural ecosystems in the Pantanal region of Brazil: Host to Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex and highly contaminated by zearalenone. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 345:109127. [PMID: 33689972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the mycobiota diversity and mycotoxin levels present in wild rice (Oryza latifolia) from the Pantanal region of Brazil; fundamental aspects of which are severely understudied as an edible plant from a natural ecosystem. We found multiple fungal species contaminating the rice samples; the most frequent genera being Fusarium, Nigrospora and Cladosporium (35.9%, 26.1% and 15%, respectively). Within the Fusarium genus, the wild rice samples were mostly contaminated by the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (80%) along with Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (20%). Phylogenetic analysis supported multiple FIESC species and gave support to the presence of two putative new groups within the complex (LN1 and LN2). Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) chemical analysis showed that most of the isolates were DON/ZEN producers and some were defined as high ZEN producers, displaying abundant ZEN levels over DON (over 19 times more). Suggesting that ZEN likely has a key adaptive role for FIESC in wild rice (O. latifolia). Mycotoxin determination in the rice samples revealed high frequency of ZEN, and 85% of rice samples had levels >100 μg/kg; the recommended limit set by regulatory agencies. DON was only detected in 5.2% of the samples. Our data shows that FIESC species are the main source of ZEN contamination in wild rice and the excessive levels of ZEN found in the rice samples raises considerable safety concerns regarding wild rice consumption by humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Moser Tralamazza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karim Cristina Piacentini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana Dagostim Savi
- University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Scientific and Technological Park, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Carvalho Fontes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering Faculty, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Barman A, Nath A, Thakur D. Identification and characterization of fungi associated with blister blight lesions of tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) isolated from Meghalaya, India. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126561. [PMID: 32799070 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diseases in plants are mostly caused by fungi. Fungal interactions with the host can be either biotrophic, necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic. Synergistic polymicrobial interactions have been recently recognized that can also attribute to the occurrence of complex plant diseases. Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, although tea plants are affected by many different diseases causing a significant reduction in global tea production. Blister blight is one such serious and damaging leaf disease of tea. An assessment of blister blight disease was carried out at the tea development center in Umsning, Meghalaya. A considerable number of tea varieties showed characteristic blister blight symptoms that ranged from preliminary yellow spots in the upper leaf surface, matured white sporulating blisters in the lower leaf surface, and delayed brown necrotic lesions throughout the surfaces of the leaves. A total of 42 isolates, 15 from initial, 15 from mature, and 12 from necrotic stages were isolated from the symptomatic leaf samples. Pestalotiopsis and Nigrospora were the two fungi incessantly isolated from the diseased leaves. Colony characteristics that included colony, hyphal, and spore morphologies were examined and mycelial accumulation, sporulation, and sporal germination were determined for all the isolates of Pestalotiopsis and Nigrospora. Molecular analysis based on ITS-RFLP was performed for identification and genetic variability. In vitro pathogenicity assay revealed that Pestalotiopsis spp. and Nigrospora sp. developed distinct characteristics symptoms on greenhouse acclimated TV17 tea clones. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of tea blister blight disease in Meghalaya and it is an initial attempt to identify fungal pathogens during different stages of blister blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Barman
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035 Assam, India
| | - Archana Nath
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035 Assam, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035 Assam, India.
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Nationwide survey reveals high diversity of Fusarium species and related mycotoxins in Brazilian rice: 2014 and 2015 harvests. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Genome Sequence of Fusarium graminearum Strain CML3066, Isolated from a Wheat Spike in Southern Brazil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/19/e00157-20. [PMID: 32381606 PMCID: PMC7206484 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00157-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a global fungal pathogen of wheat and other small grains, causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease, also known as wheat scab. We report here the annotated genome of a deoxynivalenol/15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol-producing Brazilian strain called CML3066, isolated from FHB-symptomatic wheat spikes collected in 2009. Fusarium graminearum is a global fungal pathogen of wheat and other small grains, causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease, also known as wheat scab. We report here the annotated genome of a deoxynivalenol/15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol-producing Brazilian strain called CML3066, isolated from FHB-symptomatic wheat spikes collected in 2009.
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Yang M, Zhang H, van der Lee TAJ, Waalwijk C, van Diepeningen AD, Feng J, Brankovics B, Chen W. Population Genomic Analysis Reveals a Highly Conserved Mitochondrial Genome in Fusarium asiaticum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32431686 PMCID: PMC7214670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum is one of the pivotal members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley and rice in large parts of Asia. Besides resulting in yield losses, FHB also causes the accumulation of mycotoxins such as nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON). The aim of this study was to conduct population studies on F. asiaticum from Southern China through mitochondrial genome analyses. All strains were isolated from wheat or rice from several geographic areas in seven provinces in Southern China. Based on geographic location and host, 210 isolates were selected for next generation sequencing, and their mitogenomes were assembled by GRAbB and annotated to explore the mitochondrial genome variability of F. asiaticum. The F. asiaticum mitogenome proves extremely conserved and variation is mainly caused by absence/presence of introns harboring homing endonuclease genes. These variations could be utilized to develop molecular markers for track and trace of migrations within and between populations. This study illustrates how mitochondrial introns can be used as markers for population genetic analysis. SNP analysis demonstrate the occurrence of mitochondrial recombination in F. asiaticum as was previously found for F. oxysporum and implied for F. graminearum. Furthermore, varying degrees of genetic diversity and recombination showed a high association with different geographic regions as well as with cropping systems. The mitogenome of F. graminearum showed a much higher SNP diversity while the interspecies intron variation showed no evidence of gene flow between the two closely related and sexual compatible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China.,Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Theo A J van der Lee
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi, which commonly contaminate cereal grains. Contamination of small-grain cereals and maize with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. Fusarium species are among the dangerous cereal pathogens with a high toxicity potential. Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 are among five most important mycotoxins on a European and world scale. The use of various methods to limit the development of Fusarium cereal head diseases and grain contamination with mycotoxins, before and after harvest, is an important element of sustainable agriculture and production of safe food. The applied strategies utilize chemical and non-chemical methods, including agronomic, physical and biological treatments. Biological methods now occupy a special place in plant protection as an element of biocontrol of fungal pathogens by inhibiting their development and reducing mycotoxins in grain. According to the literature, Good Agricultural Practices are the best line of defense for controlling Fusarium toxin contamination of cereal and maize grains. However, fluctuations in weather conditions can significantly reduce the effectiveness of plants protection methods against infection with Fusarium spp. and grain accumulation of mycotoxins.
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Beccari G, Prodi A, Senatore MT, Balmas V, Tini F, Onofri A, Pedini L, Sulyok M, Brocca L, Covarelli L. Cultivation Area Affects the Presence of Fungal Communities and Secondary Metabolites in Italian Durum Wheat Grains. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E97. [PMID: 32028570 PMCID: PMC7076967 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, durum wheat kernels harvested in three climatically different Italian cultivation areas (Emilia Romagna, Umbria and Sardinia) in 2015, were analyzed with a combination of different isolation methods to determine their fungal communities, with a focus on Fusarium head blight (FHB) complex composition, and to detect fungal secondary metabolites in the grains. The genus Alternaria was the main component of durum wheat mycobiota in all investigated regions, with the Central Italian cultivation area showing the highest incidence of this fungal genus and of its secondary metabolites. Fusarium was the second most prevalent genus of the fungal community in all cultivation environments, even if regional differences in species composition were detected. In particular, Northern areas showed the highest Fusarium incidence, followed by Central and then Southern cultivation areas. Focusing on the FHB complex, a predominance of Fusariumpoae, in particular in Northern and Central cultivation areas, was found. Fusariumgraminearum, in the analyzed year, was mainly detected in Emilia Romagna. Because of the highest Fusarium incidence, durum wheat harvested in the Northern cultivation area showed the highest presence of Fusarium secondary metabolites. These results show that durum wheat cultivated in Northern Italy may be subject to a higher FHB infection risk and to Fusarium mycotoxins accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (G.B.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (L.P.); or
| | - Antonio Prodi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Senatore
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via E. De Nicola, 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (G.B.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (L.P.); or
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (G.B.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (L.P.); or
| | - Luca Pedini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (G.B.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (L.P.); or
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse, 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Luca Brocca
- Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Via della Madonna Alta, 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (G.B.); (F.T.); (A.O.); (L.P.); or
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Duffeck MR, Dos Santos Alves K, Machado FJ, Esker PD, Del Ponte EM. Modeling Yield Losses and Fungicide Profitability for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Brazilian Spring Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:370-378. [PMID: 31713459 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-19-0122-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and wheat yield data were gathered from fungicide trials to explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies over 9 years and 11 locations met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis: FHB index in the untreated check ≥ 5% and the range of index in a trial ≥ 4 percentage points. These studies were grouped into two baseline yields, low (Yl ≤ 3,631 kg ha-1) or high (Yh > 3,631 kg ha-1), defined based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Attainable (disease-free) yields and FHB index were predicted using a wheat crop and a disease model, respectively, in 280 simulated trials (10 planting dates in a 28-year period, 1980 to 2007) for the Passo Fundo location. The damage coefficient was then used to calculate FHB-induced yield loss (penalizing attainable yield) for each experiment. Losses were compared between periods defined as before and after FHB resurge during the early 1990s. Disease reduction from the use of one or two sprays of a triazole fungicide (tebuconazole) was also simulated, based on previous meta-analytic estimates, and the response in yield was used in a profitability analysis. Population-average intercepts but not the slopes differed significantly between Yl (2,883.6 kg ha-1) and Yh (4,419.5 kg ha-1) baseline yields and the damage coefficients were 1.60%-1 and 1.05%-1, respectively. The magnitudes and trends of simulated yield losses were in general agreement with literature reports. The risk of not offsetting the costs of one or two fungicide sprays was generally higher (>0.75) prior to FHB resurgence but fungicide profitability tended to increase in recent years, depending on the year. Our simulations allowed us to reproduce trends in historical losses, and may be further adjusted to test the effect and profitability of different control measures (host resistance, other fungicides, etc.) on quality parameters such as test weight and mycotoxin contamination, should the information become available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul David Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
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Jang JY, Baek SG, Choi JH, Kim S, Kim J, Kim DW, Yun SH, Lee T. Characterization of Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium asiaticum That Causes Cereal Head Blight in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:543-552. [PMID: 31832035 PMCID: PMC6901258 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2019.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum of the F. graminearum species complex causes head blight in small-grain cereals. The nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes of F. asiaticum is more common than the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes of F. asiaticum or F. graminearum in Korea. To understand the prevalence of F. asiaticum-NIV in Korean cereals, we characterized the biological traits of 80 cereal isolates of F. asiaticum producing NIV or 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 54 F. graminearum with 3-ADON or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). There was no significant difference in mycelial growth between the chemotypes, but F. asiaticum isolates grew approximately 30% faster than F. graminearum isolates on potato dextrose agar. Sexual and asexual reproduction capacities differed markedly between the two species. Both chemotypes of F. graminearum (3-ADON and 15-ADON) produced significantly higher numbers of perithecia and conidia than F. asiaticum-NIV. The highest level of mycotoxins (sum of trichothecenes and zearalenone) was produced by F. graminearum-3-ADON on rice medium, followed by F. graminearum-15-ADON, F. asiaticum-3-ADON, and F. asiaticum-NIV. Zearalenone levels were correlated with DON levels in some chemotypes, but not with NIV levels. Disease assessment on barley, maize, rice, and wheat revealed that both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates were virulent toward all crops tested. However, there is a tendency that virulence levels of F. asiaticum-NIV isolates on rice were higher than those of F. graminearum isolates. Taken together, the phenotypic traits found among the Korean F. asiaticum-NIV isolates suggest an association with their host adaptation to certain environments in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeong Jang
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Seul Gi Baek
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Sosoo Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jeomsoon Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Da-Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyanag University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyanag University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships, Trichothecene Chemotype Diversity and Aggressiveness of Strains in a Global Collection of Fusarium graminearum Species. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050263. [PMID: 31083494 PMCID: PMC6563009 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by the species belonging to the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is an important disease in wheat, barley, and other small grain crops worldwide. Grain infected with species in the FGSC may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). In this study, we characterized the phylogenetic relationships, chemotype diversity, phenotypic characters, and aggressiveness of 150 strains in FGSC collected from eight different countries. Phylogenetic analysis based on portions of translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) gene from 150 strains revealed six species in the FGSC, F. graminearum s.s, F. asiaticum, F. meridionale, F. cortaderiae, F. boothii, and F. austroamericanum. In this collection, 50% of the strains were 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 35% were 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15% were NIV. Evaluation of strains on moderately resistant (MR) wheat cultivar Carberry indicated that there is no significant difference among the species for FHB disease severity (DS), fusarium damaged kernel percentage (FDK%) and DON production. However, significant differences were observed among the chemotypes. Results showed significantly higher FHB DS, FDK%, DON production, growth rates, and macroconidia production for the 3-ADON strains than the 15-ADON and NIV strains. In addition, significant differences for FHB response variables were observed among the strains from different countries. Our results demonstrate that type and amount of trichothecene produced by a strain play a key role in determining the level of aggressiveness of that particular strain, regardless of the species.
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Ji L, Li Q, Wang Y, Burgess LW, Sun M, Cao K, Kong L. Monitoring of Fusarium Species and Trichothecene Genotypes Associated with Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Hebei Province, China. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050243. [PMID: 31035348 PMCID: PMC6563079 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the changes in field populations of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens over a decade, Fusarium species and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB on wheat were monitored in Hebei province during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. Fusarium species determination was carried out by morphological identification, species-specific amplification and partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene sequencing. Trichothecene genotype prediction was carried out by primers 3CON/3NA/3D15A/3D3 or Tri13F/Tri13R, Tri303F/Tri303R and Tri315F/Tri315R. A total of 778 purified Fusarium isolates were recovered from 42 sampling sites in 17 counties during the period 2005–2006 and 1002 Fusarium isolates were recovered from 122 sampling sites in 65 counties during the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was the predominant pathogen recovered during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. However, the pathogen composition differed slightly between the two periods. In 2005–2006, 752 out of 778 (96.7%) of the isolates belonged to F. graminearum. Two were identified as F. culmorum. Five other Fusarium species were also recovered, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. chlamydosporum, with lower recoveries of 0.4%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Trichothecene genotype prediction showed that all the 752 F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON genotype. Five Fusarium species were recovered from samples collected over the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was again the predominant pathogen with an isolation frequency of 97.6%. F. pseudograminearum, F. asiaticum, F. culmorum and F. negundis were also isolated at a recovery of 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. For the 2013–2016 isolates, 971 of the 978 F. graminearum strains were 15-ADON whereas seven isolates were of the 3-ADON type. All seven F. asiaticum isolates were of the NIV type and fourteen F. pseudograminearum isolates were classified as 3-ADON. F. pseudograminearum was first isolated from FHB in Hebei in 2013. Although the recovery of F. pseudograminearum is still low, it represents a small shift in the pathogen composition and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB in Hebei province. As Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum is an increasing problem in Hebei province, it is appropriate to monitor the role of F. pseudograminearum in FHB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Ji
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Qiusheng Li
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Lester W Burgess
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mengwei Sun
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Keqiang Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Lingxiao Kong
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China.
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Scaglioni PT, Pagnussatt FA, Lemos AC, Nicolli CP, Del Ponte EM, Badiale-Furlong E. Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. as a Source of Antifungal Compounds to Mitigate Contamination by Fusarium graminearum Species Complex. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:930-938. [PMID: 30859289 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic (free, conjugated and bound) and carotenoid extracts from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Spirulina sp. were investigated regarding their potential to mitigate contamination by Fusarium complex fungal pathogens. Free phenolic acid extracts from both microalgae were the most efficient, promoting the lowest mycelial growth rates of 0.51 cm day- 1 (Spirulina sp.) and 0.78 cm day- 1 (Nannochloropsis sp.). An experiment involving natural free phenolic acid extracts and synthetic solutions was carried out based on the natural phenolic acid profile. The results revealed that the synthetic mixtures of phenolic acids from both microalgae were less efficient than the natural extracts at inhibiting fungal growth, indicating that no purification is required. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 49.6 μg mL- 1 and 33.9 μg mL- 1 were determined for the Nannochloropsis and Spirulina phenolic acid extracts, respectively. The use of phenolic extracts represents a new perspective regarding the application of compounds produced by marine biotechnology to prevent Fusarium species contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Tessmer Scaglioni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Micotoxinas e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Laboratório de Controle de Contaminantes em Biomateriais, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/N, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96160-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Andressa Cunha Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Micotoxinas e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Badiale-Furlong
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Micotoxinas e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Avenida Itália, km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil
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35
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Garmendia G, Pattarino L, Negrín C, Martínez-Silveira A, Pereyra S, Ward TJ, Vero S. Species composition, toxigenic potential and aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates causing Head Blight of barley in Uruguay. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:426-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pereira CB, Ward TJ, Tessmann DJ, Del Ponte EM, Laraba I, Vaughan MM, McCormick SP, Busman M, Kelly A, Proctor RH, O'Donnell K. Fusarium subtropicale, sp. nov., a novel nivalenol mycotoxin-producing species isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Brazil and sister to F. praegraminearum. Mycologia 2018; 110:860-871. [PMID: 30303468 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1512296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Surveys were conducted in commercial wheat and barley fields in the south central production regions of state of Paraná, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. Spikes displaying visible Fusarium head blight symptoms were collected and the pathogen isolated from the tissues. The 754 Fusarium isolates recovered were identified by a high-throughput multilocus genotyping assay (MLGT) designed to identify trichothecene toxin-producing fusaria (i.e., formerly B-clade, but referred to here as F. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 [FSAMSC-1]) together with sequencing a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene. One strain was discovered that appeared to be closely related to but phylogenetically distinct from F. praegraminearum based on the relatively low 97.7% TEF1 identity and positive genotype obtained with one of the two F. praegraminearum species-specific MLGT probes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a 10-gene data set resolved this novel FSAMSC-1 species and F. praegraminearum as sisters. Formally described herein as F. subtropicale, it is phenotypically distinct from the 22 other FSAMSC-1 species in that it produces mostly 1-3-septate macroconidia. Whole-genome sequence data were used to predict its potential to produce mycotoxins. Chemical analyses confirmed that F. subtropicale could produce the mycotoxins 4,15-diacetylnivalenol, butenolide, culmorin, and fusarin C in vitro, and the pathogenicity experiment revealed that F. subtropicale could infect but not spread in susceptible hard red spring wheat cultivar "Norm."
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Pereira
- a Departmento de Agronomia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil 87020-900
| | - Todd J Ward
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Dauri J Tessmann
- a Departmento de Agronomia , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil 87020-900
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- c Departmento de Fitopatologia , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil
| | - Imane Laraba
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Susan P McCormick
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Mark Busman
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Amy Kelly
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Robert H Proctor
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- b Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
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Tibola CS, de Miranda MZ, Paiva FF, Fernandes JMC, Guarienti EM, Nicolau M. Effect of breadmaking process on mycotoxin content in white and whole wheat breads. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Fernandes Paiva
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology; Federal University of Pelotas; Capão do Leão RS Brazil
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Nicolli CP, Machado FJ, Spolti P, Del Ponte EM. Fitness Traits of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Strains from Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1341-1347. [PMID: 30673560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-17-1943-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum of the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotype is the main cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in southern Brazil. However, 3-ADON and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes have been found in other members of the species complex causing FHB in wheat. To improve our understanding of the pathogen biology and ecology, we assessed a range of fitness-related traits in a sample of 30 strains representatives of 15-ADON (F. graminearum), 3-ADON (F. cortaderiae and F. austroamericanum), and NIV (F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae). These included perithecia formation on three cereal-based substrates, mycelial growth at two suboptimal temperatures, sporulation and germination, pathogenicity toward a susceptible and a moderately resistant cultivar, and sensitivity to tebuconazole. The most important trait favoring F. graminearum was a two times higher sexual fertility (>40% perithecial production index [PPI]) than the other species (<30% PPI); PPI varied among substrates (maize > rice > wheat). In addition, sensitivity to tebuconazole appeared lower in F. graminearum, which had the only strain with effective fungicide concentration to reduce 50% of mycelial growth >1 ppm. In the pathogenicity assays, the deoxynivalenol producers were generally more aggressive (1.5 to 2× higher final severity) toward the two cultivars, with 3-ADON or 15-ADON leading to higher area under the severity curve than the NIV strains in the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively. There was significant variation among strains of the same species with regards asexual fertility (mycelial growth, macroconidia production, and germination), which suggested a strain- rather than a species-specific difference. These results contribute new knowledge to improve our understanding of the pathogen-related traits that may explain the dominance of certain members of the species complex in specific wheat agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Primieri Nicolli
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Piérri Spolti
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Regional differences in the composition of Fusarium Head Blight pathogens and mycotoxins associated with wheat in Mexico. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 273:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Host and Cropping System Shape the Fusarium Population: 3ADON-Producers Are Ubiquitous in Wheat Whereas NIV-Producers Are More Prevalent in Rice. Toxins (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518004 PMCID: PMC5869403 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fusarium head blight (FHB) outbreaks have occurred much more frequently in China. The reduction of burning of the preceding crop residues is suggested to contribute to more severe epidemics as it may increase the initial inoculum. In this study, a large number of Fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes as well as from rice stubble with perithecia originating from nine sampling sites in five provinces in Southern China. Fusarium asiaticum dominated both wheat and rice populations, although rice populations showed a higher species diversity. Chemotype analysis showed that rice is the preferred niche for NIV mycotoxin producers that were shown to be less virulent on wheat. In contrast, 3ADON producers are more prevalent on wheat and in wheat producing areas. The 3ADON producers were shown to be more virulent on wheat, revealing the selection pressure of wheat on 3ADON producers. For the first time, members of the Incarnatum-clade of FusariumIncarnatum-Equiseti Species Complex (FIESC) were found to reproduce sexually on rice stubble. The pathogenicity of FIESC isolates on wheat proved very low and this may cause the apparent absence of this species in the main wheat producing provinces. This is the first report of the Fusarium population structure including rice stubble as well as a direct comparison with the population on wheat heads in the same fields. Our results confirm that the perithecia on rice stubble are the primary inoculum of FHB on wheat and that cropping systems affect the local Fusarium population.
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Silva MV, Pante GC, Romoli JCZ, de Souza APM, Rocha GHOD, Ferreira FD, Feijó ALR, Moscardi SMP, de Paula KR, Bando E, Nerilo SB, Machinski M. Occurrence and risk assessment of population exposed to deoxynivalenol in foods derived from wheat flour in Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:546-554. [PMID: 29210608 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1411613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most important of the trichothecenes in terms of amounts and occurrence in wheat. This compound was shown to be associated with a glomerulonephropathy involving an increase of immunoglobulin A in humans. This study assessed the occurrence of DON in wheat flour and the exposure of Brazilian teenagers, adults and elderly to this mycotoxin due to intake of wheat flour-based products. DON extraction in wheat flour was carried out by solid phase extraction and the quantification was performed by ultra-high proficiency liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. A total of 77.9% of all samples were positive for DON, with concentrations ranging from 73.50 to 2794.63 µg kg-1. The intake was calculated for the average and 90th percentile of the contamination levels of DON in foods based-wheat for teenagers, adults and elderly in Brazil, and compared with the provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDI). Females of all age groups were exposed to DON at higher levels when compared to males in regard of consumption of breads and pastas. Teenagers were the main consumers of foods derived from wheat flour, with maximum probable daily intakes of 1.28 and 1.20 µg kg-1 b.w. day-1 for females and males, respectively. This population is at an increased risk of exposure to DON due to consumption of wheat flour-based foods in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Veronezi Silva
- a Department of Health Basic Sciences , Laboratory of Toxicology, State University of Maringá , Maringá , Brazil
| | - Giseli Cristina Pante
- a Department of Health Basic Sciences , Laboratory of Toxicology, State University of Maringá , Maringá , Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Henrique Oliveira da Rocha
- b Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Flavio Dias Ferreira
- c Academic Department of Food , Technological Federal University of Parana , Medianeira , Brazil
| | | | | | - Karina Ruaro de Paula
- e State Department of Health of Parana (SESA-PR) , Food Sanitary Surveillance , Paraná State Government, Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Erika Bando
- a Department of Health Basic Sciences , Laboratory of Toxicology, State University of Maringá , Maringá , Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Machinski
- a Department of Health Basic Sciences , Laboratory of Toxicology, State University of Maringá , Maringá , Brazil
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Funnell-Harris DL, Scully ED, Sattler SE, French RC, O'Neill PM, Pedersen JF. Differences in Fusarium Species in brown midrib Sorghum and in Air Populations in Production Fields. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:1353-1363. [PMID: 28686087 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-16-0316-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Fusarium spp. cause sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain mold, resulting in deterioration and mycotoxin production in the field and during storage. Fungal isolates from the air (2005 to 2006) and from leaves and grain from wild-type and brown midrib (bmr)-6 and bmr12 plants (2002 to 2003) were collected from two locations. Compared with the wild type, bmr plants have reduced lignin content, altered cell wall composition, and different levels of phenolic intermediates. Multilocus maximum-likelihood analysis identified two Fusarium thapsinum operational taxonomic units (OTU). One was identified at greater frequency in grain and leaves of bmr and wild-type plants but was infrequently detected in air. Nine F. graminearum OTU were identified: one was detected at low levels in grain and leaves while the rest were only detected in air. Wright's F statistic (FST) indicated that Fusarium air populations differentiated between locations during crop anthesis but did not differ during vegetative growth, grain development, and maturity. FST also indicated that Fusarium populations from wild-type grain were differentiated from those in bmr6 or bmr12 grain at one location but, at the second location, populations from wild-type and bmr6 grain were more similar. Thus, impairing monolignol biosynthesis substantially effected Fusarium populations but environment had a strong influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Erin D Scully
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Scott E Sattler
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Roy C French
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Jeffrey F Pedersen
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
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Rocha DFDL, Oliveira MDS, Furlong EB, Junges A, Paroul N, Valduga E, Backes GT, Zeni J, Cansian RL. Evaluation of the TLC quantification method and occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat flour of southern Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:2220-2229. [PMID: 28786343 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1364872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method for use with a TLC quantification procedure for deoxynivalenol (DON). It also surveyed DON occurrence in wheat flour from the southern region of Brazil. Forty-eight wheat flour samples were analysed, divided into 2 different harvest lots, each consisting of 24 different brands. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 30 and 100 ng of DON on the TLC plate. The various concentrations of DON presented high linearity (R2 = 0.99). A negative matrix effect (-28%) of the wheat flour was verified, with suppression of the chromatographic signal of DON, and 80.2-105.4% recovery. The TLC method was reliable for DON evaluation, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. High-performance liquid chromatography of lot 2 samples confirmed the presence of DON in all samples identified DON-positive by the TLC technique. Of the 48 wheat flour samples in lots 1 and 2 analysed by TLC, 33.3 and 45.8% of the samples respectively were above the Brazilian legislation limit. Correlations were observed between the water activity and DON content, and between the fungal count and moisture content of the wheat flours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Felippin de Lima Rocha
- a Department of Food Technologyb Department of Chemistry and Foodc Department of Food Engineering , IFFarroupilha Campus Santo Augusto , Santo Augusto , Brazil
| | - Melissa Dos Santos Oliveira
- a Department of Food Technologyb Department of Chemistry and Foodc Department of Food Engineering , IFFarroupilha Campus Santo Augusto , Santo Augusto , Brazil
| | - Eliana Badiale Furlong
- b Department of Chemistry and Food , Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG) , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Alexander Junges
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Natalia Paroul
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Geciane Toniazzo Backes
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
| | - Rogério Luis Cansian
- c Department of Food Engineering , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI-Erechim) , Erechim , Brazil
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Hao JJ, Xie SN, Sun J, Yang GQ, Liu JZ, Xu F, Ru YY, Song YL. Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Wheat-Maize Rotation Regions in Henan (China). PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:720-725. [PMID: 30678561 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-16-0912-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and maize stalk rot (MSR), caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), are among the most destructive and economically important diseases in the world. Species identity and the trichothecene chemotype of 312 members of the FGSC from diseased wheat spikes and maize stalks in Henan was determined using phylogenetic analyses and a polymerase chain reaction trichothecene chemotype assay. F. graminearum sensu stricto accounted for more than 93% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB (N = 168) and MSR (N = 130). The remaining isolates were F. asiaticum. Significant differences were found in the frequencies of the two species within the hosts (P < 0.01). However, the frequencies of the same species in FHB and MSR were similar (P > 0.05) for wheat and maize isolates, indicating that the composition of the FGSC with respect to wheat and maize in these fields varied little. The 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) trichothecene chemotype represented 92.7 and 98.5% of isolates from wheat (N = 167) and maize (N = 130), respectively. However, the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype was found in 6.7% of wheat isolates, and the nivalenol chemotype in 1.5% of MSR isolates and in 0.6% of FHB isolates. Mycelial growth at different concentrations of carbendazim and difenoconazole did not differ between F. graminearum sensu stricto and F. asiaticum. These results suggest that the 15-ADON chemotype of F. graminearum sensu stricto is the predominant pathogen that causes wheat- and maize-related diseases in this region. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Hao
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shu Na Xie
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gong Qiang Yang
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jia Zhong Liu
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Yan Ru
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yu Li Song
- Plant Protection Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Abstract
The genus Fusarium includes numerous toxigenic species that are pathogenic to plants or humans, and are able to colonize a wide range of environments on earth. The genus comprises around 70 well-known species, identified by using a polyphasic approach, and as many as 300 putative species, according to phylogenetic species concepts; many putative species do not yet have formal names. Fusarium is one of the most economically important fungal genera because of yield loss due to plant pathogenic activity; mycotoxin contamination of food and feed products which often render them unaccep for marketing; and health impacts to humans and livestock, due to consumption of mycotoxins. Among the most important mycotoxins produced by species of Fusarium are the trichothecenes and the fumonisins. Fumonisins cause fatal livestock diseases and are considered potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins for humans, while trichothecenes are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis. This chapter summarizes the main aspects of morphology, pathology, and toxigenicity of the main Fusarium species that colonize different agricultural crops and environments worldwide, and cause mycotoxin contamination of food and feed.
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Zhang H, Brankovics B, Luo W, Xu J, Xu J, Guo C, Guo J, Jin S, Chen W, Feng J, Van Diepeningen A, Van der Lee T, Waalwijk C. Crops are a main driver for species diversity and the toxigenic potential of Fusarium isolates in maize ears in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years increasing demands and the relatively low-care cultivation of the crop have resulted in an enormous expansion of the acreage of maize in China. However, particularly in China, Fusarium ear rot forms an important constraint to maize production. In this study, we showed that members of both the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and the Fusarium graminearum species complex are the causal agents of Fusarium ear rot in the main maize producing areas in China. Fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides was the most prevalent species, followed by fumonisin producing Fusarium proliferatum and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol producing F. graminearum. Both Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium boothii were identified for the first time in the colder regions in China, extending their known habitats to colder environments. Mating type analysis of the different heterothallic FFSC species, showed that both types co-occur in each sampling site suggestive of the possibility of sexual recombination. Virulence tests with F. boothii (from maize) and F. graminearum from maize or wheat showed adaptation to the host. In addition, F. graminearum seems to outcompete F. boothii in wheat-maize rotations. Based on our findings and previous studies, we conclude that wheat/maize rotation selects for F. graminearum, while a wheat/rice rotation selects for F. asiaticum. In contrast, F. boothii is selected when maize is cultivated without rotation. A higher occurrence of F. temperatum is observed on maize in colder climatological regions in China, while Fusarium meridionale seems restricted to mountain areas. Each of these species has their characteristic mycotoxin profile and deoxynivalenol and fumonisin are the potential threats to maize production in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - B. Brankovics
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94216, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J.S. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - C. Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - J.G. Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - S.L. Jin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - W.Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J. Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - A.D. Van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T.A.J. Van der Lee
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Plant Research International, B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - C. Waalwijk
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Plant Research International, B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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Vaughan M, Backhouse D, Ponte ED. Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vaughan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D. Backhouse
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - E.M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Campus Universitário s/n, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Qiu J, Dong F, Yu M, Xu J, Shi J. Effect of preceding crop on Fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4536-41. [PMID: 26867679 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fusarium graminearum species complex infects several cereals and causes the reduction of grain yield and quality. Many factors influence the extent of Fusarium infection and mycotoxin levels. Such factors include crop rotation. In the present study, we explored the effect of rice or maize as former crops on mycotoxin accumulation in wheat grains. RESULTS More than 97% of samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). DON concentrations in wheat grains from rice and maize rotation fields were 884.37 and 235.78 µg kg(-1) . Zearalenone (ZEN) was detected in 45% of samples which were mainly collected from maize-wheat rotation systems. Fusarium strains were isolated and more F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) isolates were cultured from wheat samples obtained from maize rotation fields. DON levels produced by Fusarium isolates from rice rotation fields were higher than those of samples from maize rotation fields. CONCLUSIONS Rice-wheat rotation favours DON accumulation, while more ZEN contamination may occur in maize-wheat rotation models. Appropriate crop rotation may help to reduce toxin levels in wheat grains. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qiu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzheng Yu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Cruz CD, Magarey RD, Christie DN, Fowler GA, Fernandes JM, Bockus WW, Valent B, Stack JP. Climate Suitability for Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum Pathotype in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1979-1987. [PMID: 30683008 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-1006-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae, is an emerging disease considered to be a limiting factor to wheat production in various countries. Given the importance of wheat blast as a high-consequence plant disease, weather-based infection models were used to estimate the probabilities of M. oryzae Triticum establishment and wheat blast outbreaks in the United States. The models identified significant disease risk in some areas. With the threshold levels used, the models predicted that the climate was adequate for maintaining M. oryzae Triticum populations in 40% of winter wheat production areas of the United States. Disease outbreak threshold levels were only reached in 25% of the country. In Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida, the probability of years suitable for outbreaks was greater than 70%. The models generated in this study should provide the foundation for more advanced models in the future, and the results reported could be used to prioritize research efforts regarding the biology of M. oryzae Triticum and the epidemiology of the wheat blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Cruz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - Roger D Magarey
- Center for IPM, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
| | | | - Glenn A Fowler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | | | | | | | - James P Stack
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University
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Kelly A, Proctor RH, Belzile F, Chulze SN, Clear RM, Cowger C, Elmer W, Lee T, Obanor F, Waalwijk C, Ward TJ. The geographic distribution and complex evolutionary history of the NX-2 trichothecene chemotype from Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 95:39-48. [PMID: 27497828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and 21 related species comprising the F. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 (FSAMSC-1) are the most important Fusarium Head Blight pathogens of cereal crops world-wide. FSAMSC-1 species typically produce type B trichothecenes. However, some F. graminearum strains were recently found to produce a novel type A trichothecene (NX-2) resulting from functional variation in the trichothecene biosynthetic enzyme Tri1. We used a PCR-RFLP assay targeting the TRI1 gene to identify the NX-2 allele among a global collection of 2515 F. graminearum. NX-2 isolates were only found in southern Canada and the northern U.S., where they were observed at low frequency (1.8%), but over a broader geographic range and set of cereal hosts than previously recognized. Phylogenetic analyses of TRI1 and adjacent genes produced gene trees that were incongruent with the history of species divergence within FSAMSC-1, indicating trans-species evolution of ancestral polymorphism. In addition, placement of NX-2 strains in the TRI1 gene tree was influenced by the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions associated with the evolution of the NX-2 chemotype, and a significant (P<0.001) change in selection pressure was observed along the NX-2 branch (ω=1.16) in comparison to other branches (ω=0.17) in the TRI1 phylogeny. Parameter estimates were consistent with positive selection for specific amino-acid changes during the evolution of NX-2, but direct tests of positive selection were not significant. Phylogenetic analyses of fourfold degenerate sites and intron sequences in TRI1 indicated the NX-2 chemotype had a single evolutionary origin and evolved recently from a type B ancestor. Our results indicate the NX-2 chemotype may be indigenous, and possibly endemic, to southern Canada and the northern U.S. In addition, we demonstrate that the evolution of TRI1 within FSAMSC-1 has been complex, with evidence of trans-species evolution and chemotype-specific shifts in selective constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kelly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Robert H Proctor
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Francois Belzile
- Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sofia N Chulze
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto-CONICET, Rutas 8 and 36 Km 601, 5800 Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Christina Cowger
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 3411 Gardner Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wade Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Theresa Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Friday Obanor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd J Ward
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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