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Buivydaitė Ž, Winding A, Sapkota R. Transmission of mycoviruses: new possibilities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1432840. [PMID: 38993496 PMCID: PMC11236713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1432840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. In recent years, an increasing number of mycoviruses have been reported in a wide array of fungi. With the growing interest of scientists and society in reducing the use of agrochemicals, the debate about mycoviruses as an effective next-generation biocontrol has regained momentum. Mycoviruses can have profound effects on the host phenotype, although most viruses have neutral or no effect. We speculate that understanding multiple transmission modes of mycoviruses is central to unraveling the viral ecology and their function in regulating fungal populations. Unlike plant virus transmission via vegetative plant parts, seeds, pollen, or vectors, a widely held view is that mycoviruses are transmitted via vertical routes and only under special circumstances horizontally via hyphal contact depending on the vegetative compatibility groups (i.e., the ability of different fungal strains to undergo hyphal fusion). However, this view has been challenged over the past decades, as new possible transmission routes of mycoviruses are beginning to unravel. In this perspective, we discuss emerging studies with evidence suggesting that such novel routes of mycovirus transmission exist and are pertinent to understanding the full picture of mycovirus ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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2
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Lu X, Dai Z, Xue J, Li W, Ni P, Xu J, Zhou C, Zhang W. Discovery of novel RNA viruses through analysis of fungi-associated next-generation sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:517. [PMID: 38797853 PMCID: PMC11129472 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like all other species, fungi are susceptible to infection by viruses. The diversity of fungal viruses has been rapidly expanding in recent years due to the availability of advanced sequencing technologies. However, compared to other virome studies, the research on fungi-associated viruses remains limited. RESULTS In this study, we downloaded and analyzed over 200 public datasets from approximately 40 different Bioprojects to explore potential fungal-associated viral dark matter. A total of 12 novel viral sequences were identified, all of which are RNA viruses, with lengths ranging from 1,769 to 9,516 nucleotides. The amino acid sequence identity of all these viruses with any known virus is below 70%. Through phylogenetic analysis, these RNA viruses were classified into different orders or families, such as Mitoviridae, Benyviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Deltaflexiviridae, Mymonaviridae, Bunyavirales, and Partitiviridae. It is possible that these sequences represent new taxa at the level of family, genus, or species. Furthermore, a co-evolution analysis indicated that the evolutionary history of these viruses within their groups is largely driven by cross-species transmission events. CONCLUSIONS These findings are of significant importance for understanding the diversity, evolution, and relationships between genome structure and function of fungal viruses. However, further investigation is needed to study their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ziyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Xue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wang Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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Walterová L, Botella L, Hejna O, de la Peña M, Tonka T, Čurn V. Characterization of Mycoviruses in Armillaria ostoyae and A. cepistipes in the Czech Republic. Viruses 2024; 16:610. [PMID: 38675951 PMCID: PMC11053624 DOI: 10.3390/v16040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Armillaria are widespread forest pathogens against which effective protection has not yet been developed. Due to their longevity and the creation of large-scale cloning of Armillaria individuals, the use of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against these pathogens could be an effective alternative. This work describes the detection and characterization of viruses in Armillaria spp. collected in the Czech Republic through the application of stranded total RNA sequencing. A total of five single-stranded RNA viruses were detected in Armillaria ostoyae and A. cepistipes, including viruses of the family Tymoviridae and four viruses belonging to the recently described "ambivirus" group with a circular ambisense genome arrangement. Both hammerhead (HHRz) and hairpin (HpRz) ribozymes were detected in all the ambiviricot sequences. Armillaria viruses were compared through phylogenetic analysis and confirmed their specific host by direct RT-PCR. One virus appears to infect both Armillaria species, suggesting the occurrence of interspecies transmission in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Walterová
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (T.T.); (V.Č.)
| | - Leticia Botella
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Hejna
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (T.T.); (V.Č.)
| | - Marcos de la Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Tomáš Tonka
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (T.T.); (V.Č.)
| | - Vladislav Čurn
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (T.T.); (V.Č.)
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4
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Zheng SJ, Hu H, Li Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai T. Editorial: Microbial interaction with banana: mechanisms, symbiosis, and integrated diseases control. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1390969. [PMID: 38646630 PMCID: PMC11026712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jun Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Centre for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Bioversity International, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huigang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xundong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Centre for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Centre for Agriculture, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Biological Invasions, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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5
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Fu M, Qu Z, Pierre-Pierre N, Jiang D, Souza FL, Miklas PN, Porter LD, Vandemark GJ, Chen W. Exploring the Mycovirus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Hypovirulence-Associated DNA Virus 1 as a Biocontrol Agent of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:624-634. [PMID: 37743591 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1458-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing white mold on many important economic crops. Recently, some mycoviruses such as S. sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1) converted S. sclerotiorum into a beneficial symbiont that helps plants manage pathogens and other stresses. To explore the potential use of SsHADV-1 as a biocontrol agent in the United States and to test the efficacy of SsHADV-1-infected United States isolates in managing white mold and other crop diseases, SsHADV-1 was transferred from the Chinese strain DT-8 to United States isolates of S. sclerotiorum. SsHADV-1 is readily transmitted horizontally among United States isolates of S. sclerotiorum and consistently conferred hypovirulence to its host strains. Biopriming of dry bean seeds with hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum strains enhanced resistance to white mold, gray mold, and Rhizoctonia root rot. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, endophytic growth of hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum in dry beans was confirmed using PCR, and the expression of 12 plant defense-related genes were monitored before and after infection. The results indicated that the endophytic growth of SsHADV-1-infected strains in plants stimulated the expression of plant immunity pathway genes that assisted a rapid response from the plant to fungal infection. Finally, application of the seed biopriming technology with SsHADV-1-infected hypervirulent strain has promise for the biological control of several diseases of wheat, pea, and sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zheng Qu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nickisha Pierre-Pierre
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Daohong Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fernanda L Souza
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Phillip N Miklas
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Lyndon D Porter
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - George J Vandemark
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Weidong Chen
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
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Erkmen S, Sahin E, Akata I. Full-length genome characterization of a novel mitovirus isolated from the root rot fungus Armillaria mellea. Virus Genes 2024; 60:65-70. [PMID: 38103104 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Armillaria belong to the group of pathogenic and facultative saprotrophic fungi that are generally known as one of the causative agents of white root rot in infected plants including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Although several single-stranded RNA mycoviruses were previously described in different Armillaria species, there is no report on mitoviruses (one of the simplest RNA viruses of fungal hosts) known to infect Armillaria taxa. In this study, a new mitovirus denominated "Armillaria mellea mitovirus 1" (AmMV1) was identified in the sporophore samples of Armillaria mellea, commonly known as honey mushroom. AmMV1 has a genome length of 4440 nucleotides and a G + C content of 48%. It encompasses a single open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Comparison through BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp domain of AmMV1 shares a sequence identity ranging from 33.43% to 43.27% with RdRp domains of Duamitovirus genus members, having the highest similarity (43.27%) to Rhizoctonia solani mitovirus 94. According to phylogenetic analysis, AmMV1 is classified as a member of the genus Duamitovirus belonging to the Mitoviridae family. This marks the initial instance of a mitovirus identified in Armillaria spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Erkmen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35390, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ergin Sahin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35390, Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
- Fauna and Flora Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, 35390, Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Ruiz-Padilla A, Rodríguez-Romero JL, Pacifico D, Chiapello M, Ayllón MA. Determination of the Mycovirome of a Necrotrophic Fungus. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2732:83-101. [PMID: 38060119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3515-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of total RNA has allowed the detection of novel viruses infecting different hosts, such as fungi, increasing our knowledge on virus horizontal transfer events among different hosts, virus diversity, and virus evolution. Here, we describe the detailed protocols for the isolation of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, from grapevine plants showing symptoms of the mold gray disease, the culture and maintenance of the isolated B. cinerea strains, the extraction of total RNA from B. cinerea strains for NGS, the bioinformatics pipeline designed and followed to detect mycoviruses in the sequenced samples, and the validation of the in silico detected mycoviruses by different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Padilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio L Rodríguez-Romero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Davide Pacifico
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Contreras-Soto MB, Tovar-Pedraza JM. Viruses of plant-pathogenic fungi: a promising biocontrol strategy for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:38. [PMID: 38142438 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi pose a significant and ongoing threat to agriculture and food security, causing economic losses and significantly reducing crop yields. Effectively managing these fungal diseases is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity, and in this context, mycoviruses have emerged as a promising biocontrol option. These viruses alter the physiology of their fungal hosts and their interactions with the host plants. This review encompasses the extensive diversity of reported mycoviruses, including their taxonomic classification and range of fungal hosts. We highlight representative examples of mycoviruses that affect economically significant plant-pathogenic fungi and their distinctive characteristics, with a particular emphasis on mycoviruses impacting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These mycoviruses exhibit significant potential for biocontrol, supported by their specificity, efficacy, and environmental safety. This positions mycoviruses as valuable tools in crop protection against diseases caused by this pathogen, maintaining their study and application as promising research areas in agricultural biotechnology. The remarkable diversity of mycoviruses, coupled with their ability to infect a broad range of plant-pathogenic fungi, inspires optimism, and suggests that these viruses have the potential to serve as an effective management strategy against major fungi-causing plant diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belia Contreras-Soto
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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9
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Arshed S, Cox MP, Beever RE, Parkes SL, Pearson MN, Bowen JK, Templeton MD. The Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 vegetative incompatibility genes in Botrytis cinerea encode proteins with domain architectures involved in allorecognition in other filamentous fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103827. [PMID: 37640199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative incompatibility is a fungal allorecognition system characterised by the inability of genetically distinct conspecific fungal strains to form a viable heterokaryon and is controlled by multiple polymorphic loci termed vic (vegetative incompatibility) or het (heterokaryon incompatibility). We have genetically identified and characterised the first vic locus in the economically important, plant-pathogenic, necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. A bulked segregant approach coupled with whole genome Illumina sequencing of near-isogenic lines of B. cinerea was used to map a vic locus to a 60-kb region of the genome. Within that locus, we identified two adjacent, highly polymorphic open reading frames, Bcvic1 and Bcvic2, which encode predicted proteins that contain domain architectures implicated in vegetative incompatibility in other filamentous fungi. Bcvic1 encodes a predicted protein containing a putative serine esterase domain, a NACHT family of NTPases domain, and several Ankyrin repeats. Bcvic2 encodes a putative syntaxin protein containing a SNARE domain; such proteins typically function in vesicular transport. Deletion of Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 individually had no effect on vegetative incompatibility. However, deletion of the region containing both Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 resulted in mutant lines that were severely restricted in growth and showed loss of vegetative incompatibility. Complementation of these mutants by ectopic expression restored the growth and vegetative incompatibility phenotype, indicating that Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 are controlling vegetative incompatibility at this vic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadiah Arshed
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Murray P Cox
- Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ross E Beever
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael N Pearson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna K Bowen
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew D Templeton
- Bioprotection, New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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McLaughlin MS, Roy M, Abbasi PA, Carisse O, Yurgel SN, Ali S. Why Do We Need Alternative Methods for Fungal Disease Management in Plants? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3822. [PMID: 38005718 PMCID: PMC10675458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to food production worldwide. Traditionally, chemical fungicides have been the primary means of controlling these pathogens, but many of these fungicides have recently come under increased scrutiny due to their negative effects on the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Furthermore, the use of chemical fungicides can result in the development of resistance in populations of phytopathogenic fungi. Therefore, new environmentally friendly alternatives that provide adequate levels of disease control are needed to replace chemical fungicides-if not completely, then at least partially. A number of alternatives to conventional chemical fungicides have been developed, including plant defence elicitors (PDEs); biological control agents (fungi, bacteria, and mycoviruses), either alone or as consortia; biochemical fungicides; natural products; RNA interference (RNAi) methods; and resistance breeding. This article reviews the conventional and alternative methods available to manage fungal pathogens, discusses their strengths and weaknesses, and identifies potential areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. McLaughlin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 4H5, Canada
| | - Maria Roy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Pervaiz A. Abbasi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Odile Carisse
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 7B5, Canada;
| | - Svetlana N. Yurgel
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA 99350, USA;
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
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11
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Khan HA, Baig DI, Bhatti MF. An Overview of Mycoviral Curing Strategies Used in Evaluating Fungal Host Fitness. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1547-1564. [PMID: 36841858 PMCID: PMC9963364 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The number of novel mycoviruses is increasing at a high pace due to advancements in sequencing technologies. As a result, an uncountable number of mycoviral sequences are available in public sequence repositories. However, only genomic information is not sufficient to understand the impact of mycoviruses on their host biology. Biological characterization is required to determine the nature of mycoviruses (cryptic, hypervirulent, or hypovirulent) and to search for mycoviruses with biocontrol and therapeutic potential. Currently, no particular selective method is used as the gold standard against these mycoviral infections. Given the importance of curing, we present an overview of procedures used in preparation of isogenic lines, along with their benefits and drawbacks. We concluded that a combination of single-spore isolation and hyphal tipping is the best fit for preparation of isogenic lines. Furthermore, recent bioinformatic approaches should be introduced in the field of mycovirology to predict virus-specific antivirals to get robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200 Pakistan
| | - Danish Ilyas Baig
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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12
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Khan HA, Mukhtar M, Bhatti MF. Mycovirus-induced hypovirulence in notorious fungi Sclerotinia: a comprehensive review. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1459-1478. [PMID: 37523037 PMCID: PMC10485235 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Sclerotinia are notorious plant pathogens with a diverse host range that includes many important crops. A huge number of mycoviruses have been identified in this genus; some of these viruses are reported to have a hypovirulent effect on the fitness of their fungal hosts. These mycoviruses are important to researchers from a biocontrol perspective which was first implemented against fungal diseases in 1990. In this review, we have presented the data of all hypovirulent mycoviruses infecting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates. The data of hypovirulent mycoviruses ranges from 1992 to 2023. Currently, mycoviruses belonging to 17 different families, including (+) ssRNA, (-ssRNA), dsRNA, and ssDNA viruses, have been reported from this genus. Advances in studies had shown a changed expression of certain host genes (responsible for cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, repair pathways, ubiquitin proteolysis, gene silencing, methylation, pathogenesis-related, sclerotial development, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxalic acid biosynthesis) during the course of mycoviral infection, which were termed differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Together, research on fungal viruses and hypovirulence in Sclerotinia species can deepen our understanding of the cellular processes that affect how virulence manifests in these phytopathogenic fungi and increase the potential of mycoviruses as a distinct mode of biological control. Furthermore, the gathered data can also be used for in-silico analysis, which includes finding the signature sites [e.g., hypovirus papain-like protease (HPP) domain, "CCHH" motif, specific stem-loop structures, p29 motif as in CHV1, A-rich sequence, CA-rich sequences as in MoV1, GCU motif as in RnMBV1, Core motifs in hypovirus-associated RNA elements (HAREs) as in CHV1] that are possibly responsible for hypovirulence in mycoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan.
| | - Mamuna Mukhtar
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Kuroki M, Yaguchi T, Urayama SI, Hagiwara D. Experimental verification of strain-dependent relationship between mycovirus and its fungal host. iScience 2023; 26:107337. [PMID: 37520716 PMCID: PMC10372822 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. Unlike mammalian infectious viruses, their life cycle does not generally have an extracellular stage, and a symbiosis-like relationship is maintained between virus and host fungi. Recently, mycoviruses have been reported to show effects on host fungi, altering biological properties such as growth rate, virulence, drug resistance, and metabolite production. In this study, we systematically elucidated the effects of viruses on host cells by comparing host phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in multiple sets of virus-infected and -eliminated Aspergillus flavus strains. The comparative study showed that mycoviruses affect several cellular activities at the molecular level in a virus- and host strain-dependent manner. The virus-swapping experiment revealed that difference with only three bases in the virus genome led to different host fungal response at the transcriptional level. Our results highlighted highly specific relationship between viruses and their host fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Kuroki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana, Chou-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Syun-ichi Urayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Das T, Prasad A, Dey A. Mycoviral gene-incorporating phytopathogenic fungi: a biocontrol agent. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:864-866. [PMID: 37236859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens cause devastating agroeconomic losses. Chemical fungicides are used to control fungal diseases, although this is not an ecofriendly approach. A recent study by Liu et al. highlighted the use of mycoviral gene-incorporating phytopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyelee Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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15
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Khan HA, Nerva L, Bhatti MF. The good, the bad and the cryptic: The multifaceted roles of mycoviruses and their potential applications for a sustainable agriculture. Virology 2023; 585:259-269. [PMID: 37453341 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are natural inhabitants of fungi and have been identified in almost all fungal taxonomic groups. Mycoviruses that infect phytopathogenic fungi are now becoming a hot research area due to their potential for the biocontrol of important plant pathogens. But, before considering a mycovirus for biocontrol, we should be fully aware of the effects it induces in a fungal host and its interactions with other viruses, fungal strains and even the host plants. Mycoviral infections are generally associated with different effects, ranging from hypovirulence to hypervirulence, but they can often be cryptic (latent infections). The cryptic lifestyle has been associated to many mycoviruses, but thanks to growing knowledge we are now aware that it is often associated to axenic conditions while the real effects can be observed only in nature. Other mycoviruses either promote (hypervirulence) or (hypovirulence) fungal pathogenicity by a strong impact on the fungal physiology or by blocking the production of toxins or effectors. Finally, indirect effects of mycoviral infections can also be provided to the plant that hosts the fungal isolate, highlighting not only their potential as direct biocontrol agents but also as priming agents for plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review provides a broad overview of mycoviral interactions both with their hosts and with other mycoviruses, highlighting the most interesting examples. In contrast to what has been observed to date, we believe that the collective availability of these data will not only improve our understanding of mycoviruses, but also increase our confidence in considering them as alternative measures against fungal diseases to improve the sustainable production of food and feed commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Luca Nerva
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile, 31015, Conegliano, (TV), Italy.
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Zhang X, Hu H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, You L, Wang J, Liu Y, Cheng X. Oyster Mushroom Spherical Virus Crosses the Species Barrier and Is Pathogenic to a New Host Pleurotus pulmonarius. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10584. [PMID: 37445762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a mycovirus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome that infects the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. OMSV is horizontally transferred from an infected strain to a cured strain via mycelia. The infection results in significant inhibition of mycelial growth, malformation of fruiting bodies, and yield loss in oyster mushrooms. This study successfully transferred OMSV from P. ostreatus to Pleurotus pulmonarius. However, transmission was not successful in other Pleurotus species including P. citrinopileatus, P. eryngii, P. nebrodensis, and P. salmoneostramineus. The successful OMSV infection in P. pulmonarius was further verified with Western blot analysis using a newly prepared polyclonal antiserum against the OMSV coat protein. Furthermore, OMSV infection reduced the mycelial growth rate of P. pulmonarius. The OMSV-infected strain demonstrated abnormal performance including twisted mushrooms or irregular edge of the cap as well as reduced yield of fruiting bodies in P. pulmonarius, compared to the OMSV-free strain. This study is the first report on the infection and pathogenicity of OMSV to the new host P. pulmonarius. The data from this study therefore suggest that OMSV is a potential threat to P. pulmonarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Haijing Hu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lunhe You
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianrui Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xianhao Cheng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Hough B, Steenkamp E, Wingfield B, Read D. Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1202. [PMID: 37243288 PMCID: PMC10224137 DOI: 10.3390/v15051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses (viruses of fungi) are ubiquitous throughout the fungal kingdom and are currently classified into 23 viral families and the genus botybirnavirus by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The primary focus of mycoviral research has been on mycoviruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi, due to the ability of some to reduce the virulence of their host and thus act as potential biocontrol against these fungi. However, mycoviruses lack extracellular transmission mechanisms and rely on intercellular transmission through the hyphal anastomosis, which impedes successful transmission between different fungal strains. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mycoviruses, including their origins, host range, taxonomic classification into families, effects on their fungal counterparts, and the techniques employed in their discovery. The application of mycoviruses as biocontrol agents of plant pathogenic fungi is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda Wingfield
- Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.H.); (E.S.); (D.R.)
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18
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Jankovic M, Cirkovic V, Stamenkovic G, Loncar A, Todorovic M, Stanojevic M, Siljic M. Detection of the Xanthi Chryso-like Virus in New Geographical Area and a Novel Arthropod Carrier. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040225. [PMID: 37104350 PMCID: PMC10144253 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on a serendipitous finding of a chryso-like virus associated with Culex pipiens mosquitos in the course of study aimed to detect and characterize West Nile virus (WNV) circulating in mosquitos in Serbia, Southern Europe. Upon initial detection of unexpected product in a PCR protocol for partial WNV NS5 gene amplification, further confirmation and identification was obtained through additional PCR and Sanger sequencing experiments. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis identified the obtained sequences as Xanthi chryso-like virus (XCLV). The finding is particular for the fact that it associates XCLV with a new potential vector species and documents a novel geographical area of its distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića Starijeg Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Cirkovic
- Group for Medical Entomology, Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorana Stamenkovic
- Department for Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Loncar
- Institute for Biocides and Medical Ecology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Todorovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića Starijeg Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića Starijeg Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Siljic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Virology, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr Subotića Starijeg Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sarrocco S. Biological Disease Control by Beneficial (Micro)Organisms: Selected Breakthroughs in the Past 50 Years. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:732-740. [PMID: 36706001 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0405-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological control of plant disease by beneficial (micro)organisms is one of the main tools available to preserve plant health within the wider context of One Health and in line with the goals of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. The commercial development of biocontrol agents, together with a new perspective on the resident microbial community, all supported by innovative "omics" technologies, continues to gain in prominence in plant pathology, addressing the need to feed the increasing world population and to assure safe and secure access to food. The present review considers selected advances within the last 50 years, highlighting those that can be considered as breakthroughs for the biological control research field. Selected examples of successful biocontrol agents and strategies are reported, including the history of the progress in researching Trichoderma isolates as commercial biocontrol agents, the exploitation of mycoviruses to confer hypovirulence to plant pathogenic fungi, the role of microbial communities in the suppressiveness of soils, and evolving approaches including the establishment of synthetic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80-56124, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Villan Larios DC, Diaz Reyes BM, Pirovani CP, Loguercio LL, Santos VC, Góes-Neto A, Fonseca PLC, Aguiar ERGR. Exploring the Mycovirus Universe: Identification, Diversity, and Biotechnological Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030361. [PMID: 36983529 PMCID: PMC10052124 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses that infect fungi are known as mycoviruses and are characterized by the lack of an extracellular phase. In recent years, the advances on nucleic acids sequencing technologies have led to a considerable increase in the number of fungi-infecting viral species described in the literature, with a special interest in assessing potential applications as fungal biocontrol agents. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive review using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to mine mycoviruses data to explore their molecular features and their use in biotechnology. Our results showed the existence of 267 mycovirus species, of which 189 are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The majority of the mycoviruses identified have a dsRNA genome (38.6%), whereas the Botourmiaviridae (ssRNA+) alone represents 14% of all mycoviruses diversity. Regarding fungal hosts, members from the Sclerotinicaeae appeared as the most common species described to be infected by mycoviruses, with 16 different viral families identified so far. It is noteworthy that such results are directly associated with the high number of studies and strategies used to investigate the presence of viruses in members of the Sclerotinicaeae family. The knowledge about replication strategy and possible impact on fungi biology is available for only a small fraction of the mycoviruses studied, which is the main limitation for considering these elements potential targets for biotechnological applications. Altogether, our investigation allowed us to summarize the general characteristics of mycoviruses and their hosts, the consequences, and the implications of this knowledge on mycovirus–fungi interactions, providing an important source of information for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Villan Larios
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Brayan Maudiel Diaz Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Leandro Lopes Loguercio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Vinícius Castro Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.L.C.F.); (E.R.G.R.A.)
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.C.F.); (E.R.G.R.A.)
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Genomics discovery of giant fungal viruses from subsurface oceanic crustal fluids. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:10. [PMID: 36732595 PMCID: PMC9894930 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The oceanic igneous crust is a vast reservoir for microbial life, dominated by diverse and active bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Archaeal and bacterial viruses were previously detected in oceanic crustal fluids at the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR). Here we report the discovery of two eukaryotic Nucleocytoviricota genomes from the same crustal fluids by sorting and sequencing single virions. Both genomes have a tRNATyr gene with an intron (20 bps) at the canonical position between nucleotide 37 and 38, a common feature in eukaryotic and archaeal tRNA genes with short introns (<100 bps), and fungal genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. The dominance of Ascomycota fungi as the main eukaryotes in crustal fluids and the evidence for HGT point to these fungi as the putative hosts, making these the first putative fungi-Nucleocytoviricota specific association. Our study suggests active host-viral dynamics for the only eukaryotic group found in the subsurface oceanic crust and raises important questions about the impact of viral infection on the productivity and biogeochemical cycling in this ecosystem.
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Reyes BMD, Fonseca PLC, Heming NM, Conceição LBDA, Nascimento KTDS, Gramacho KP, Arevalo-Gardini E, Pirovani CP, Aguiar ERGR. Characterization of the microbiota dynamics associated with Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cocoa frosty pod rot disease, reveals new viral species. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1053562. [PMID: 36817107 PMCID: PMC9936985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Theobroma cacao, the cocoa tree, is a target for pathogens, such as fungi from the genera Phytophthora, Moniliophthora, Colletotrichum, Ceratocystis, among others. Some cacao pathogens are restricted to specific regions of the world, such as the Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) in West African countries, while others are expanding geographically, such as Moniliophthora roreri in the Americas. M. roreri is one of the most threatening cacao pathogens since it directly attacks the cacao pods driving a significant reduction in production, and therefore economic losses. Despite its importance, the knowledge about the microenvironment of this pathogen and the cocoa pods is still poorly characterized. Methods Herein we performed RNA sequencing of spores in differential stages of culture in a medium supplemented with cacao pod extract and mycelium collected of the susceptible variety ICT 7121 naturally infected by the pathogen to evaluate the diversity and transcriptional activity of microorganisms associated with the in vitro sporulation of M. roreri. Results Our data revealed a great variety of fungi and bacteria associated with M. roreri, with an exceptional diversity of individuals from the genus Trichoderma sp. Interestingly, the dynamics of microorganisms from different kingdoms varied proportionally, suggesting they are somehow affected by M. roreri culture time. We also identified three sequences similar to viral genomes from the Narnaviridae family, posteriorly confirmed by phylogenetic analysis as members of the genus Narnavirus. Screening of M. roreri public datasets indicated the virus sequences circulating in samples from Ecuador, suggesting a wide spread of these elements. Of note, we did not identify traces of the viral sequences in the M. roreri genome or DNA sequencing, restricting the possibility of these sequences representing endogenized elements. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of viruses infecting the fungus of the genus Moniliophthora and only the third description of viruses that are able to parasite elements from the Marasmiaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil,Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Neander Marcel Heming
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Comissão Executivo do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, CEPEC/CEPLAC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Enrique Arevalo-Gardini
- Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales, Tarapoto, Peru,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas, Yurimaguas, Peru
| | | | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil,*Correspondence: Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, ✉
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23
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Vainio EJ, Anany H, Hyman P. Editorial: Beyond humans-Virus therapy for pathogens of animals and plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1127901. [PMID: 36687625 PMCID: PMC9850140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1127901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eeva J. Vainio
- Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Hyman
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Paul Hyman ✉
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Ayllón MA, Vainio EJ. Mycoviruses as a part of the global virome: Diversity, evolutionary links and lifestyle. Adv Virus Res 2023; 115:1-86. [PMID: 37173063 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of mycovirus diversity, evolution, horizontal gene transfer and shared ancestry with viruses infecting distantly related hosts, such as plants and arthropods, has increased vastly during the last few years due to advances in the high throughput sequencing methodologies. This also has enabled the discovery of novel mycoviruses with previously unknown genome types, mainly new positive and negative single-stranded RNA mycoviruses ((+) ssRNA and (-) ssRNA) and single-stranded DNA mycoviruses (ssDNA), and has increased our knowledge of double-stranded RNA mycoviruses (dsRNA), which in the past were thought to be the most common viruses infecting fungi. Fungi and oomycetes (Stramenopila) share similar lifestyles and also have similar viromes. Hypothesis about the origin and cross-kingdom transmission events of viruses have been raised and are supported by phylogenetic analysis and by the discovery of natural exchange of viruses between different hosts during virus-fungus coinfection in planta. In this review we make a compilation of the current information on the genome organization, diversity and taxonomy of mycoviruses, discussing their possible origins. Our focus is in recent findings suggesting the expansion of the host range of many viral taxa previously considered to be exclusively fungal, but we also address factors affecting virus transmissibility and coexistence in single fungal or oomycete isolates, as well as the development of synthetic mycoviruses and their use in investigating mycovirus replication cycles and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eeva J Vainio
- Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
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Khan HA, Kondo H, Shahi S, Bhatti MF, Suzuki N. Identification of novel totiviruses from the ascomycetous fungus Geotrichum candidum. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2833-2838. [PMID: 36271949 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are widely distributed across the kingdom Fungi, including ascomycetous yeast strains of the class Saccharomycetes. Geotrichum candidum is an important fungal pathogen belonging to Saccharomycetes and has a diverse host range. Here, we report the characterization of four new classical totiviruses from two distinct Geotrichum candidum strains from Pakistan. The four identified viruses were tentatively named "Geotrichum candidum totivirus 1, 2, 3a, and 3b" (GcTV1-3b). The complete dsRNA genomes of the identified totiviruses are 4621, 4592, 4576, and 4576 bp in length, respectively. All totivirus genomes have two open reading frames, encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), respectively. The downstream RdRP domain is assumed to be expressed as a CP-RdRP fusion product via -1 frameshifting mediated by a heptameric slippery site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that each of the discovered viruses belongs to a new species of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae, with GcTV1 and GcTV3 (a and b strains) clustering in one subgroup and GcTV2 in another subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sabitree Shahi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
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Interspecific spread of dsRNA mycoviruses in entomogenous fungi Beauveria spp. Virus Res 2022; 322:198933. [PMID: 36165923 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses can spread interspecifically and intraspecifically in plant pathogenic fungi, as well as spreading intraspecifically in entomogenous fungi, especially Beauveria bassiana. However, whether mycoviruses are common in Beauveria spp. and can spread interspecifically between Beauveria species are unclear. Herein, four Beauveria species, but not B. bassiana, were randomly selected for double stranded RNA (dsRNA) detection. Furthermore, two previously reported dsRNA mycoviruses from B. bassiana, BbCV-2 and BbPmV-4, were used to study the interspecific transmission among B. bassiana, B. amorpha, and B. aranearum, using hyphal anastomosis and a novel insect coinfection transmission method. The results showed that dsRNA mycoviruses exist universally in Beauveria spp. and could spread interspecifically between different Beauveria species. The transmission efficiency from B. bassiana to the other two Beauveria species was significantly higher than that of the reverse transmission. Both viruses could stably and vertically spread in B. amorpha and B. aranearum, which affected their growth rate and colony morphology.
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Zhong J, Li P, Gao BD, Zhong SY, Li XG, Hu Z, Zhu JZ. Novel and diverse mycoviruses co-infecting a single strain of the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria dianthicola. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:980970. [PMID: 36237429 PMCID: PMC9552818 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.980970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria dianthicola is a pathogenic fungus that causes serious leaf or flower blight on some medicinal plants worldwide. In this study, multiple dsRNA bands in the range of 1.2-10 kbp were found in a Alternaria dianthus strain HNSZ-1, and eleven full-length cDNA sequences of these dsRNA were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, RT-PCR detection and conventional Sanger sequencing. Homology search and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the strain HNSZ-1 was infected by at least nine mycoviruses. Among the nine, five viruses were confirmed to represent novel viruses in the families Hypoviridae, Totiviridae, Mymonaviridae and a provisional family Ambiguiviridae. Virus elimination and horizontal transmission indicated that the (-) ssRNA virus, AdNSRV1, might be associated with the slow growth and irregular colony phenotype of the host fungus. As far as we know, this is the first report for virome characterization of A. dianthus, which might provide important insights for screening of mycovirus for biological control and for studying of the interactions between viruses or viruses and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Control, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Ping Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Bi Da Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Shuang Yu Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
| | - Xiao Gang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Control, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zi Zhu, ; Zhao Hu, ; Xiao Gang Li,
| | - Zhao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zi Zhu, ; Zhao Hu, ; Xiao Gang Li,
| | - Jun Zi Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Control, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zi Zhu, ; Zhao Hu, ; Xiao Gang Li,
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Chen X, Yu Z, Sun Y, Yang M, Jiang N. Molecular characterization of a novel partitivirus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978075. [PMID: 36204602 PMCID: PMC9531756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a widely distributed plant pathogen that can damage many crops. Here, we identified a novel mycovirus tentatively named Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 433 (RsPV433) from an R. solani (AG-3) strain which caused tobacco target spot disease on flue-cured tobacco. RsPV433 was consisted of two dsRNA segments with lengths of 2450 and 2273 bp, which encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a coat protein, respectively. BLASTP results of RsPV433 showed that the closest relative of RsPV433 was Sarcosphaera coronaria partitivirus (QLC36830.1), with an identity of 60.85% on the RdRp amino sequence. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RsPV433 belonged to the Betapartitivirus genus in the Partitiviridae family. The virus transmission experiment revealed that RsPV433 can be transmitted horizontally. We further tested the biological effect of RsPV433 on R. solani strains and found that the RsPV433-infected R. solani strain grew slower than the RsPV433-free strain on the PDA medium and RsPV433 seemed to have no obvious impact on the lesion inducing ability of R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaoyao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Agronomic Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Jiang
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Kondo H, Botella L, Suzuki N. Mycovirus Diversity and Evolution Revealed/Inferred from Recent Studies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:307-336. [PMID: 35609970 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput virome analyses with various fungi, from cultured or uncultured sources, have led to the discovery of diverse viruses with unique genome structures and even neo-lifestyles. Examples in the former category include splipalmiviruses and ambiviruses. Splipalmiviruses, related to yeast narnaviruses, have multiple positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss) RNA genomic segments that separately encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs, the hallmark of RNA viruses (members of the kingdom Orthornavirae). Ambiviruses appear to have an undivided ssRNA genome of 3∼5 kb with two large open reading frames (ORFs) separated by intergenic regions. Another narna-like virus group has two fully overlapping ORFs on both strands of a genomic segment that span more than 90% of the genome size. New virus lifestyles exhibited by mycoviruses include the yado-kari/yado-nushi nature characterized by the partnership between the (+)ssRNA yadokarivirus and an unrelated dsRNA virus (donor of the capsid for the former) and the hadaka nature of capsidless 10-11 segmented (+)ssRNA accessible by RNase in infected mycelial homogenates. Furthermore, dsRNA polymycoviruses with phylogenetic affinity to (+)ssRNA animal caliciviruses have been shown to be infectious as dsRNA-protein complexes or deproteinized naked dsRNA. Many previous phylogenetic gaps have been filled by recently discovered fungal and other viruses, which haveprovided interesting evolutionary insights. Phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of natural and experimental cross-kingdom infections suggest that horizontal virus transfer may have occurred and continue to occur between fungi and other kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| | - Leticia Botella
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
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Bocos-Asenjo IT, Niño-Sánchez J, Ginésy M, Diez JJ. New Insights on the Integrated Management of Plant Diseases by RNA Strategies: Mycoviruses and RNA Interference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9236. [PMID: 36012499 PMCID: PMC9409477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based strategies for plant disease management offer an attractive alternative to agrochemicals that negatively impact human and ecosystem health and lead to pathogen resistance. There has been recent interest in using mycoviruses for fungal disease control after it was discovered that some cause hypovirulence in fungal pathogens, which refers to a decline in the ability of a pathogen to cause disease. Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, has set an ideal model of management through the release of hypovirulent strains. However, mycovirus-based management of plant diseases is still restricted by limited approaches to search for viruses causing hypovirulence and the lack of protocols allowing effective and systemic virus infection in pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi), the eukaryotic cell system that recognizes RNA sequences and specifically degrades them, represents a promising. RNA-based disease management method. The natural occurrence of cross-kingdom RNAi provides a basis for host-induced gene silencing, while the ability of most pathogens to uptake exogenous small RNAs enables the use of spray-induced gene silencing techniques. This review describes the mechanisms behind and the potential of two RNA-based strategies, mycoviruses and RNAi, for plant disease management. Successful applications are discussed, as well as the research gaps and limitations that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Teresa Bocos-Asenjo
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jonatan Niño-Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mireille Ginésy
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Julio Javier Diez
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Khan HA, Telengech P, Kondo H, Bhatti MF, Suzuki N. Mycovirus Hunting Revealed the Presence of Diverse Viruses in a Single Isolate of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Diplodia seriata From Pakistan. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:913619. [PMID: 35846770 PMCID: PMC9277117 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diplodia seriata in the family Botryosphaeriaceae is a cosmopolitan phytopathogenic fungus and is responsible for causing cankers, fruit rot and leaf spots on economically important plants. In this study, we characterized the virome of a single Pakistani strain (L3) of D. seriata. Several viral-like contig sequences were obtained via a previously conducted next-generation sequencing analysis. Multiple infection of the L3 strain by eight RNA mycoviruses was confirmed through RT-PCR using total RNA samples extracted from this strain; the entire genomes were determined via Sanger sequencing of RT-PCR and RACE clones. A BLAST search and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these eight mycoviruses belong to seven different viral families. Four identified mycoviruses belong to double-stranded RNA viral families, including Polymycoviridae, Chrysoviridae, Totiviridae and Partitiviridae, and the remaining four identified mycoviruses belong to single-stranded RNA viral families, i.e., Botourmiaviridae, and two previously proposed families “Ambiguiviridae” and “Splipalmiviridae”. Of the eight, five mycoviruses appear to represent new virus species. A morphological comparison of L3 and partially cured strain L3ht1 suggested that one or more of the three viruses belonging to Polymycoviridae, “Splipalmiviridae” and “Ambiguiviridae” are involved in the irregular colony phenotype of L3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverse virome characterization from D. seriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Paul Telengech
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, ; Nobuhiro Suzuki,
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, ; Nobuhiro Suzuki,
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Li B, Cao Y, Ji Z, Zhang J, Meng X, Dai P, Hu T, Wang S, Cao K, Wang Y. Coinfection of Two Mycoviruses Confers Hypovirulence and Reduces the Production of Mycotoxin Alternariol in Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:910712. [PMID: 35756001 PMCID: PMC9218907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.910712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria leaf blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (Alternaria mali) is an important fungal disease that affects the production of apples worldwide. Mycoviruses harbored in plant pathogenic fungi can confer hypovirulence in their hosts and have attracted widespread attention as potential biocontrol tools. In this study, the coinfection of two mycoviruses, named A. alternata chrysovirus 1 strain QY2 (AaCV1-QY2) and A. alternata magoulivirus 1 (AaMV1), respectively, were isolated from A. alternata f. sp. mali strain QY21. Sequence analyses revealed that AaCV1-QY2 virus belonged to the genus Betachrysovirus and AaMV1 virus belonged to the genus Magoulvirus. These two mycoviruses were found to be associated with hypovirulence in A. alternata, among which AaCV1-QY2 might play a relatively leading role. Because the elimination of AaMV1 from the strain QY21 does not affect the hypovirulence trait, which indicates that the virus AaCV1-QY2 can independently induce slow growth and reduce host virulence. Moreover, the presence of viruses decreased the accumulation of the mycotoxin alternariol (AOH) in A. alternata strains. Intriguingly, AaCV1-QY2/AaMV1 mycoviruses can be horizontally transmitted to other A. alternata strains, and this coinfection can promote the interspecific transmission efficiency of AaCV1-QY2. To our knowledge, this study reports the first description of the member of Chrysovirus is related to hypovirulence in Alternaria spp. that facilitates the development of biocontrol measures of A. mali Roberts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zixuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Pengbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tongle Hu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shutong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Keqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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De Miccolis Angelini RM, Raguseo C, Rotolo C, Gerin D, Faretra F, Pollastro S. The Mycovirome in a Worldwide Collection of the Brown Rot Fungus Monilinia fructicola. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050481. [PMID: 35628739 PMCID: PMC9147972 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Monilinia fructicola is responsible for brown rot on stone and pome fruit and causes heavy yield losses both pre- and post-harvest. Several mycoviruses are known to infect fungal plant pathogens. In this study, a metagenomic approach was applied to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the mycovirome in a worldwide collection of 58 M. fructicola strains. Deep sequencing of double-stranded (ds)RNA extracts revealed a great abundance and variety of mycoviruses. A total of 32 phylogenetically distinct positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss)RNA viruses were identified. They included twelve mitoviruses, one in the proposed family Splipalmiviridae, and twelve botourmiaviruses (phylum Lenarviricota), eleven of which were novel viral species; two hypoviruses, three in the proposed family Fusariviridae, and one barnavirus (phylum Pisuviricota); as well as one novel beny-like virus (phylum Kitrinoviricota), the first one identified in Ascomycetes. A partial sequence of a new putative ssDNA mycovirus related to viruses within the Parvoviridae family was detected in a M. fructicola isolate from Serbia. The availability of genomic sequences of mycoviruses will serve as a solid basis for further research aimed at deepening the knowledge on virus–host and virus–virus interactions and to explore their potential as biocontrol agents against brown rot disease.
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Córdoba L, Ruiz-Padilla A, Rodríguez-Romero J, Ayllón MA. Construction and Characterization of a Botrytis Virus F Infectious Clone. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050459. [PMID: 35628716 PMCID: PMC9146958 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis virus F (BVF) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus within the Gammaflexiviridae family of the plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In this study, the complete sequence of a BVF strain isolated from B. cinerea collected from grapevine fields in Spain was analyzed. This virus, in this work BVF-V448, has a genome of 6827 nt in length, excluding the poly(A) tail, with two open reading frames encoding an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a coat protein (CP). The 5′- and 3′-terminal regions of the genome were determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Furthermore, a yet undetected subgenomic RNA species in BVF-V448 was identified, indicating that the CP is expressed via 3′ coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs). We also report the successful construction of the first BVF full-length cDNA clone and synthesized in vitro RNA transcripts using the T7 polymerase, which could efficiently transfect two different strains of B. cinerea, B05.10 and Pi258.9. The levels of growth in culture and virulence on plants of BVF-V448 transfected strains were comparable to BVF-free strains. The infectious clones generated in this work provide a useful tool for the future development of an efficient BVF foreign gene expression vector and a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector as a biological agent for the control of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Córdoba
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (A.R.-P.); (J.R.-R.)
| | - Ana Ruiz-Padilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (A.R.-P.); (J.R.-R.)
| | - Julio Rodríguez-Romero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (A.R.-P.); (J.R.-R.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (A.R.-P.); (J.R.-R.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Ma G, Zhang B, Qi K, Zhang Y, Ma L, Jiang H, Qin S, Qi J. Characterization of a novel mitovirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1369-1373. [PMID: 35391577 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are widespread in all major groups of plant-pathogenic fungi. So far, only one mycovirus has been reported to be associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot of wheat. In this study, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segment was isolated from F. pseudograminearum strain JW2-1, and the sequence of its full-length cDNA (3077 nucleotides) was determined. Sequence analysis using the fungal mitochondrial genetic code (UGA coding for tryptophan) indicated that a single large open reading frame (ORF) is present on the positive strand of this dsRNA segment. The ORF encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 748 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 83.46 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that its aa sequence was 28.49-44.03% identical to those of viruses of the family Mitoviridae, with the most similarity to the corresponding RdRp sequences of Ophiostoma mitovirus 1c (44.03% identity) and Ophiostoma mitovirus 1b (40.33% identity). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this mycovirus, designated as "Fusarium pseudograminearum mitovirus 1" (FpgMV1), should be classified as a member of a new species in the earlier proposed genus "Duamitovirus" within the family Mitoviridae. To our best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a mitovirus infecting F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Major Biological Control Strategies for Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020273. [PMID: 35215215 PMCID: PMC8879208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance is incessantly required in the current scenario. In view of this, sustainable modes of agricultural practices offer better promise and hence are gaining prominence recently. Moreover, these methods have taken precedence currently over chemical-based methods of pest restriction and pathogen control. Adoption of Biological Control is one such crucial technique that is currently in the forefront. Over a period of time, various biocontrol strategies have been experimented with and some have exhibited great success and promise. This review highlights the different methods of plant-pathogen control, types of plant pathogens, their modus operandi and various biocontrol approaches employing a range of microorganisms and their byproducts. The study lays emphasis on the use of upcoming methodologies like microbiome management and engineering, phage cocktails, genetically modified biocontrol agents and microbial volatilome as available strategies to sustainable agricultural practices. More importantly, a critical analysis of the various methods enumerated in the paper indicates the need to amalgamate these techniques in order to improve the degree of biocontrol offered by them.
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Omnipresence of Partitiviruses in Rice Aggregate Sheath Spot Symptom-Associated Fungal Isolates from Paddies in Thailand. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112269. [PMID: 34835075 PMCID: PMC8625198 DOI: 10.3390/v13112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Partitiviruses are one of the most prevalent double-stranded RNA viruses that have been identified mostly in filamentous fungi and plants. Partitiviruses generally infect host fungi asymptomatically but infrequently exert significant effect(s) on morphology and virulence, thus being considered a potential source of biological control agents against pathogenic fungi. In this study, we performed a screening for mycoviruses of a collection of Thai isolates of rice fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, a causal agent of rice aggregated sheath spot disease. As a result, 36% of tested isolates carried potentially viral double-stranded RNAs with sizes ranging from 2 to 3 kbp. By conventional cDNA library construction and RNA-seq, we determined six new alphapartitiviruses that infected three isolates: tentatively named Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae partitivirus 1 to 6 (RosPV1-6). Furthermore, RT-PCR detection of each virus revealed their omnipresent nature in different R. oryzae-sativae isolates. Although virus-curing of basidiomycetous fungi is generally difficult, our repeated attempts successfully obtained virus-free (for RosPV1, RosPV2, and uncharacterized partitiviruses), isogenic strain of R. oryzae-sativae TSS190442. The virus-cured strain showed slightly faster colony growth on the synthetic media and severe symptom development on the rice sheath compared to its virus-infected counterpart. Overall, this study shed light on the distribution of partitiviruses in R. oryzae-sativae in a paddy environment and exemplified a virus-curing protocol that may be applicable for other basidiomycetous fungi.
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Zhang M, He Z, Huang X, Shu C, Zhou E. Genome Organizations and Functional Analyses of a Novel Gammapartitivirus from Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA Strain D122. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112254. [PMID: 34835059 PMCID: PMC8623816 DOI: 10.3390/v13112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel double-stranded (ds) RNA mycovirus designated Rhizoctonia solani dsRNA virus 5 (RsRV5) from strain D122 of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight. The RsRV5 genome consists of two segments of dsRNA (dsRNA-1, 1894 bp and dsRNA-2, 1755 bp), each possessing a single open reading frame (ORF). Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses showed that RsRV5 is a new member of the genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that RsRV5 has isometric viral particles with a diameter of approximately 20 nm. The mycovirus RsRV5 was successfully removed from strain D122 by using the protoplast regeneration technique, thus resulting in derivative isogenic RsRV5-cured strain D122-P being obtained. RsRV5-cured strain D122-P possessed the traits of accelerated mycelial growth rate, increased sclerotia production and enhanced pathogenicity to rice leaves compared with wild type RsRV5-infection strain D122. Transcriptome analysis showed that three genes were differentially expressed between two isogenic strains, D122 and D122-P. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of the interaction between RsRV5 and its host, D122 of R. solani AG-1 IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhenrui He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaotong Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Canwei Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (E.Z.)
| | - Erxun Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.Z.); (Z.H.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (E.Z.)
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Casas LL, Azevedo JL, Almeida LN, Costa-Neto PQ, Bianco RA, Pereira JO. Mycoviruses infecting Colletotrichum spp.: A comprehensive review. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248975. [PMID: 34550289 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum is one of the most economically important fungal genera, which affects a wide range of hosts, specifically tropical and subtropical crops. Thus far, there have been several records of mycovirus infection in Colletotrichum spp., primarily by viruses of the Partitiviridae family. There have also been records of infections by mycoviruses of the Chrysoviridae family. Mycoviruses are (+)ssRNA and dsRNA genome viruses, which may or may not be enveloped. To date, no mycovirus with a DNA genome has been isolated from Colletotrichum spp. Typically, mycoviruses cause latent infections, although hypo- and hypervirulence have also been reported in Colletotrichum spp. In addition to its effects on pathogenic behavior, mycovirus infection can lead to important physiological changes, such as altered morphological characteristics, reduced vegetative growth, and suppressed conidia production. Therefore, research on mycoviruses infecting phytopathogenic fungi can help develop alternative methods to chemical control, which can cause irreversible damage to humans and the environment. From an agricultural perspective, mycoviruses can contribute to sustainable agriculture as biological control agents via changes in fungal physiology, ultimately resulting in the total loss of or reduction in the virulence of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Casas
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Bionorte, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J L Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - L N Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - P Q Costa-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - R A Bianco
- Centro Universitário do Norte - Uninorte, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J O Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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N D, Achar PN, Sreenivasa MY. Current Perspectives of Biocontrol Agents for Management of Fusarium verticillioides and Its Fumonisin in Cereals-A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:776. [PMID: 34575814 PMCID: PMC8465378 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is the most predominant fungal phytopathogen of cereals and it is posing great concern from a global perspective. The fungus is mainly associated with maize, rice, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, banana, and asparagus and causes cob, stalk, ear, root, crown, top, and foot rot. F. verticillioides produces fumonisins as the major secondary metabolite along with trace levels of beauvericin, fusaric acid, fusarin C, gibberiliformin, and moniliformin. Being a potential carcinogen, fumonisins continue to receive major attention as they are common contaminants in cereals and its processed food products. The importance of elimination of F. verticillioides growth and its associated fumonisin from cereals cannot be overemphasized considering the significant health hazards associated with its consumption. Physical and chemical approaches have been shown to reduce fumonisin B1 concentrations among feeds and food products but have proved to be ineffective during the production process. Hence, biological control methods using microorganisms, plant extracts, antioxidants, essential oils, phenolic compounds, and other advanced technologies such as growing disease-resistant crops by applying genetic engineering, have become an effective alternative for managing F. verticillioides and its toxin. The different methods, challenges, and concerns regarding the biocontrol of F. verticillioides and production of fumonisin B1 have been addressed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa N
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Premila N. Achar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Marikunte Y. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India;
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Khalifa ME, MacDiarmid RM. A Mechanically Transmitted DNA Mycovirus Is Targeted by the Defence Machinery of Its Host, Botrytis cinerea. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071315. [PMID: 34372522 PMCID: PMC8309985 DOI: 10.3390/v13071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses were known only to infect plants and vertebrates until the discovery of the isolated DNA mycovirus from the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Similar viral sequences were reported from several other sources and classified in ten genera within the Genomoviridae family. The current study reports two circular ssDNA mycoviruses isolated from the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea, and their assignment to a newly created genus tentatively named Gemydayirivirus. The mycoviruses, tentatively named botrytis gemydayirivirus 1 (BGDaV1) and BGDaV2, are 1701 and 1693 nt long and encode three and two open reading frames (ORFs), respectively. Of the predicted ORFs, only ORF I, which codes for a replication initiation protein (Rep), shared identity with other proteins in GenBank. BGDaV1 is infective as cell-free purified particles and confers hypovirulence on its natural host. Investigation revealed that BGDaV1 is a target for RNA silencing and genomic DNA methylation, keeping the virus at very low titre. The discovery of BGDaV1 expands our knowledge of the diversity of genomoviruses and their interaction with fungal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E. Khalifa
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Robin M. MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand;
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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42
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Transcriptional Responses of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Infection by SsHADV-1. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070493. [PMID: 34206246 PMCID: PMC8303302 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection by a single-stranded DNA virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1), causes hypovirulence, a reduced growth rate, and other colony morphological changes in its host Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain DT-8. However, the mechanisms of the decline are still unclear. Using digital RNA sequencing, a transcriptome analysis was conducted to elucidate the phenotype-related genes with expression changes in response to SsHADV-1 infection. A total of 3110 S. sclerotiorum differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during SsHADV-1 infection, 1741 of which were up-regulated, and 1369 were down-regulated. The identified DEGs were involved in several important pathways. DNA replication, DNA damage response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, ribosomal assembly, and translation were the affected categories in S. sclerotiorum upon SsHADV-1 infection. Moreover, the infection of SsHADV-1 also suppressed the expression of antiviral RNA silencing and virulence factor genes. These results provide further detailed insights into the effects of SsHADV-1 infection on the whole genome transcription in S. sclerotiorum.
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43
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Yang S, Dai R, Salaipeth L, Huang L, Liu J, Andika IB, Sun L. Infection of Two Heterologous Mycoviruses Reduces the Virulence of Valsa mali, a Fungal Agent of Apple Valsa Canker Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659210. [PMID: 34113326 PMCID: PMC8186502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycovirus infection has been widely shown to attenuate the virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. Valsa mali is an agriculturally important fungus that causes Valsa canker disease in apple trees. In this study, two unrelated mycoviruses [Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1, genus Hypovirus, and single-stranded RNA) and Mycoreovirus 1 (MyRV1, genus Mycoreovirus, double-stranded RNA)] that originated from Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus) were singly or doubly introduced into V. mali via protoplast fusion. CHV1 and MyRV1 stably infected V. mali and caused a reduction in fungal vegetative growth and virulence. Co-infection of both viruses further reduced the virulence of V. mali but compromised the stability of CHV1 infection and horizontal transmission through hyphal anastomosis. Infections of MyRV1 and, to a lesser extent, CHV1 up-regulated the transcript expression of RNA silencing-related genes in V. mali. The accumulation of CHV1 (but not MyRV1) was elevated by the knockdown of dcl2, a key gene of the RNA silencing pathway. Similarly, the accumulation of CHV1 and the efficiency of the horizontal transmission of CHV1 during co-infection was restored by the knockdown of dcl2. Thus, CHV1 and MyRV1 are potential biological control agents for apple Valsa canker disease, but co-infection of both viruses has a negative effect on CHV1 infection in V. mali due to the activation of antiviral RNA silencing by MyRV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ruoyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lakha Salaipeth
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Jia J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Mu F, Cheng J, Lin Y, Li B, Marzano SYL, Xie J. Interannual dynamics, diversity and evolution of the virome in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from a single crop field. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab032. [PMID: 33927888 PMCID: PMC8058396 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycovirus diversity is generally analyzed from isolates of fungal culture isolates at a single point in time as a snapshot. The stability of mycovirus composition within the same geographical location over time remains unclear. Not knowing how the population fluctuates in the field can be a source of unpredictability in the successful application of virocontrol. To better understand the changes over time, we monitored the interannual dynamics and abundance of mycoviruses infecting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at a rapeseed-growing field for three years. We found that the virome in S. sclerotiorum harbors unique mycovirus compositions each year. In total, sixty-eight mycoviruses were identified, among which twenty-four were detected in all three successive years. These twenty-four mycoviruses can be classified as the members of the core virome in this S. sclerotiorum population, which show persistence and relatively high transmissibility under field conditions. Nearly two-thirds of the mycoviruses have positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes and were found consistently across all three years. Moreover, twenty-eight mycoviruses are newly described, including four novel, multi-segmented narnaviruses, and four unique bunyaviruses. Overall, the newly discovered mycoviruses in this study belong to as many as twenty families, into which eight were first identified in S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating evolutionarily diverse viromes. Our findings not only shed light on the annual variation of mycovirus diversity but also provide important virus evolutionary clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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45
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Residual Effects Caused by a Past Mycovirus Infection in Fusarium circinatum. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are known to be difficult to cure in fungi but their spontaneous loss occurs commonly. The unexpected disappearance of mycoviruses can be explained by diverse reasons, from methodological procedures to biological events such as posttranscriptional silencing machinery. The long-term effects of a virus infection on the host organism have been well studied in the case of human viruses; however, the possible residual effect on a fungus after the degradation of a mycovirus is unknown. For that, this study analyses a possible residual effect on the transcriptome of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum after the loss of the mitovirus FcMV1. The mycovirus that previously infected the fungal isolate was not recovered after a 4-year storage period. Only 14 genes were determined as differentially expressed and were related to cell cycle regulation and amino acid metabolism. The results showed a slight acceleration in the metabolism of the host that had lost the mycovirus by the upregulation of the genes involved in essential functions for fungal development. The analysis also revealed a weak expression in the annotated genes of the RNA silencing machinery. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a potential residual effect on the host transcriptome caused by the past infection of a mycovirus is reported.
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46
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Wang J, Ni Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Xiao Y, Xiao X, Li S, Liu H. Divergent RNA viruses in Macrophomina phaseolina exhibit potential as virocontrol agents. Virus Evol 2020; 7:veaa095. [PMID: 33505706 PMCID: PMC7816680 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina is an important necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus and cause extensive damage in many oilseed crops. Twelve M.phaseolina isolates with diverse biological phenotypes were selected for a high-throughput sequencing-based metatranscriptomic and bioinformatics analysis to identify viruses infecting M.phaseolina. The analysis identified 40 partial or nearly complete viral genome segments, 31 of which were novel viruses. Among these viral sequences, 43% of the viral genomes were double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), 47% were positive single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+), and the remaining 10% were negative sense-stranded RNA (ssRNA−). The 40 viruses showed affinity to 13 distinct viral lineages, including Bunyavirales (four viruses), Totiviridae (three viruses), Chrysoviridae (five viruses), Partitiviridae (four viruses), Hypoviridae (one virus), Endornaviridae (two viruses), Tombusviridae (three viruses), Narnaviridae (one virus), Potyviridae (one virus), Bromoviridae (one virus), Virgaviridae (six viruses), ‘Fusagraviridae’ (five viruses), and Ourmiavirus (four viruses). Two viruses are closely related to two families, Potyviridae and Bromoviridae, which previously contained no mycovirus species. Moreover, nine novel viruses associated with M.phaseolina were identified in the family Totiviridae, Endornaviridae, and Partitiviridae. Coinfection with multiple viruses is prevalent in M.phaseolina, with each isolate harboring different numbers of viruses, ranging from three to eighteen. Furthermore, the effects of the viruses on the fungal host were analyzed according to the biological characteristics of each isolate. The results suggested that M.phaseolina hypovirus 2, M.phaseolina fusagravirus virus 1-5 (MpFV1-5), M.phaseolina endornavirus 1-2 (MpEV1-2), M.phaseolina ourmia-like virus 1-3 (MpOLV1-3), M.phaseolina mitovirus 4 (MpMV4), and M.phaseolina mycobunyavirus 1-4 (MpMBV1-4) were only detected in hypovirulent isolates. Those viruses associated with hypovirulence might be used as biological control agents as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. These findings considerably expand our understanding of mycoviruses in M.phaseolina and unvailed the presence of a huge difference among viruses in isolates from different hosts in distant geographical regions. Together, the present study provides new knowledge about viral evolution and fungus-virus coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China.,Institute of Tobacco, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pest in Huanghuai Growing Area, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yunxia Ni
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yannong Xiao
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shujun Li
- Institute of Tobacco, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pest in Huanghuai Growing Area, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, No.116, Garden road, Jingshui District, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province, PR China
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Honda S, Eusebio-Cope A, Miyashita S, Yokoyama A, Aulia A, Shahi S, Kondo H, Suzuki N. Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a model organism for fungal virology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5627. [PMID: 33159072 PMCID: PMC7648066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism for genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Remarkably, it is not known to host or to be susceptible to infection with any viruses. Here, we identify diverse RNA viruses in N. crassa and other Neurospora species, and show that N. crassa supports the replication of these viruses as well as some viruses from other fungi. Several encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses and capsid-less positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can be experimentally introduced into N. crassa protoplasts or spheroplasts. This allowed us to examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses in this organism. We show that viral infection upregulates the transcription of RNAi components, and that Dicer proteins (DCL-1, DCL-2) and an Argonaute (QDE-2) participate in suppression of viral replication. Our study thus establishes N. crassa as a model system for the study of host-virus interactions. The fungus Neurospora crassa is a model organism for the study of various biological processes, but it is not known to be infected by any viruses. Here, Honda et al. identify RNA viruses that infect N. crassa and examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses, thus establishing this fungus as a model for the study of host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Honda
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ana Eusebio-Cope
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miyashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki-Aza- Aoba, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Annisa Aulia
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sabitree Shahi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
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Jacquat AG, Theumer MG, Cañizares MC, Debat HJ, Iglesias J, García Pedrajas MD, Dambolena JS. A Survey of Mycoviral Infection in Fusarium spp. Isolated from Maize and Sorghum in Argentina Identifies the First Mycovirus from Fusarium verticillioides. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101161. [PMID: 33066620 PMCID: PMC7602464 DOI: 10.3390/v12101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses appear to be widespread in Fusarium species worldwide. The aim of this work was to identify mycoviral infections in Fusarium spp., isolated from maize and sorghum grown in Argentina, and to estimate their potential effects on the pathogenicity and toxigenesis of the host fungus towards maize. Mycoviruses were identified in 2 out of 105 isolates analyzed; Fusarium verticillioides strain Sec505 and Fusarium andiyazi strain 162. They were characterized as members of the genus Mitovirus by high-throughput sequencing and sequence analysis. The F. verticillioides mitovirus was a novel mycovirus whereas the F. andiyazi mitovirus was found to be a new strain of a previously identified mitovirus. We have named these mitoviruses, Fusarium verticillioides mitovirus 1 (FvMV1) and Fusarium andiyazi mitovirus 1 strain 162 (FaMV1-162). To our knowledge, FvMV1 is the first mycovirus reported as naturally infecting F. verticillioides, the major causal agent of ear rot and fumonisin producer in corn. Both mitoviruses exhibited 100% vertical transmission rate to microconidia. The Fa162 strain infected with FaMV1-162 did not show phenotypic alterations. In contract, F. verticillioides Sec505 infected with FvMV1 showed increased virulence as well as microconidia and fumonisin-B1 production, compared with two uninfected strains. These results suggest that FvMV1 could have a role in modulating F. verticillioides pathogenicity and toxin production worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gustavo Jacquat
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba 5000, Argentina;
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba 5000, Argentina;
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende—Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - María Carmen Cañizares
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM—UMA—CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain;
| | - Humberto Julio Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE—CIAP—INTA), Camino 60 Cuadras Km 5.5, Córdoba X5020ICA, Argentina;
| | - Juliana Iglesias
- Estación Experimental Pergamino, (EEA) INTA Pergamino, Universidad Nacional Noroeste (UNNOBA), Pergamino (Buenos Aires) B2700, Argentina;
| | - María Dolores García Pedrajas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM—UMA—CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.D.G.P.); (J.S.D.)
| | - José Sebastián Dambolena
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba 5000, Argentina;
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.D.G.P.); (J.S.D.)
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Zhang H, Xie J, Fu Y, Cheng J, Qu Z, Zhao Z, Cheng S, Chen T, Li B, Wang Q, Liu X, Tian B, Collinge DB, Jiang D. A 2-kb Mycovirus Converts a Pathogenic Fungus into a Beneficial Endophyte for Brassica Protection and Yield Enhancement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1420-1433. [PMID: 32998002 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi, and hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses have the potential to control fungal diseases. However, it is unclear how mycovirus-mediated hypovirulent strains live and survive in the field, and no mycovirus has been applied for field crop protection. In this study, we found that a previously identified small DNA mycovirus (SsHADV-1) can convert its host, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, from a typical necrotrophic pathogen to a beneficial endophytic fungus. SsHADV-1 downregulates the expression of key pathogenicity factor genes in S. sclerotiorum during infection. When growing in rapeseed, the SsHADV-1-infected strain DT-8 significantly regulates the expression of rapeseed genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and circadian rhythm pathways. As a result, plant growth is promoted and disease resistance is enhanced. Field experiments showed that spraying DT-8 at the early flowering stage can reduce the disease severity of rapeseed stem rot by 67.6% and improve yield by 14.9%. Moreover, we discovered that SsHADV-1 could also infect other S. sclerotiorum strains on DT-8-inoculated plants and that DT-8 could be recovered from dead plants. These findings suggest that the mycoviruses may have the ability to shape the origin of endophytism. Our discoveries suggest that mycoviruses may influence the origin of endophytism and may also offer a novel strategy for disease control in which mycovirus-infected strains are used to improve crop health and release mycoviruses into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shufen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binnian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - David B Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Olivé M, Campo S. The dsRNA mycovirus ChNRV1 causes mild hypervirulence in the fungal phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:241-249. [PMID: 32914229 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum comprises a large number of filamentous fungi responsible for anthracnose diseases in many tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. In particular, Colletotrichum higginsianum infects Brassicaceae species, including Arabidopsis. The C. higginsianum strain IMI349063A is naturally infected with a dsRNA virus, named Colletorichum higginsianum non-segmented virus (ChNRV1). Here, we investigated the biological effect of ChNRV1 in C. higginsianum by comparing strains with and without the virus. ChNRV1 does not have an effect on C. higginsianum growth under salt and cell-wall stress conditions. However, thermal stress reduced C. higginsianum growth rate, this effect being more evident in the wild-type C. higginsianum strain containing the virus. Although ChNRV1 had no effect in conidiation, conidia were narrower when the virus is present. More importantly, ChNRV1 causes a mild increase in C. higginsianum virulence (hypervirulence) when infecting Arabidopsis plants. These findings indicated that, whereas the ChNRV1 mycovirus does not impair growth and conidiation of C. higginsianum, it confers hypervirulence to the fungal host. These findings will help in future research on the effect of mycoviral infection on pathogenic fungi in plant species of agronomical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivé
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Campo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain.
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