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Zhou W, Lan Y, Matthew C, Nan Z. A Biological Comparison of Three Colletotrichum Species Associated with Alfalfa Anthracnose in Northern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1780. [PMID: 38999620 PMCID: PMC11244077 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by various species of Colletotrichum is one of the most prevalent diseases in alfalfa worldwide that not only reduces forage yields but also severely compromises forage quality. A comprehensive survey was conducted in 2020 in the main production regions of northern China. The survey results showed that alfalfa anthracnose is prevalent in northern China, with the disease incidence ranging from 9% to 45% and the disease index from 5 to 17 (maximum possible score: 100). In total, 24 isolates were collected and identified as three Colletotrichum species (C. trifolii, C. truncatum and C. americae-borealis) based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (combined sequences ITS, HIS3, ACT and GAPDH). The three species displayed remarkable environmental adaptability, exhibiting a capacity for growth, sporulation and conidial germination in temperatures ranging from 4 to 35 °C and in different nutrient conditions. Pathogenicity assays showed that C. trifolii was more virulent than the other two species, although the growth vigor (in terms of colony diameter, sporulation and conidial germination) of C. truncatum was the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yanru Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Cory Matthew
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Lan Y, Zhou W, Duan T, Li Y, Matthew C, Nan Z. Alfalfa Spring Black Stem and Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Phoma medicaginis: Epidemic Occurrence and Impacts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1279. [PMID: 39065048 PMCID: PMC11279198 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa spring black stem and leaf spot disease (ASBS) is a cosmopolitan soil-borne and seed-borne disease caused by Phoma medicaginis, which adversely affects the yield, and nutritive value and can stimulate production of phyto-oestrogenic compounds at levels that may adversely affect ovulation rates in animals. This review summarizes the host range, damage, and symptoms of this disease, and general features of the infection cycle, epidemic occurrence, and disease management. ASBS has been reported from over 40 countries, and often causes severe yield loss. Under greenhouse conditions, reported yield loss was 31-82% for roots, 32-80% for leaves, 21% for stems and 26-28% for seedlings. In field conditions, the forage yield loss is up to 56%, indicating that a single-cut yield of 5302 kg/ha would be reduced to 2347 kg/ha. P. medicaginis can infect up to 50 species of plants, including the genera Medicago, Trifolium, Melilotus, and Vicia. ASBS is more severe during warm spring conditions before the first harvest than in hot summer and cooler winter conditions, and can infect alfalfa roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds, with leaf spot and/or black stem being the most typical symptoms. The primary infection is caused by the overwintering spores and mycelia in the soil, and on seeds and the cortex of dead and dry stems. The use of resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective strategy for the control of ASBS. Although biological control has been studied in the glasshouse and is promising, chemical control is the main control method in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wennan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Cory Matthew
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Wu Y, Tan Y, Peng Q, Xiao Y, Xie J, Li Z, Ding H, Pan H, Wei L. Biocontrol potential of endophytic bacterium Bacillus altitudinis GS-16 against tea anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16761. [PMID: 38223761 PMCID: PMC10785793 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the main pathogens causing tea anthracnose disease, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has brought immeasurable impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Given the adverse effects of chemical pesticides to the environment and human health, biological control has been a focus of the research on this pathogen. Bacillus altitudinis GS-16, which was isolated from healthy tea leaves, had exhibited strong antagonistic activity against tea anthracnose disease. Methods The antifungal mechanism of the endophytic bacterium GS-16 against C. gloeosporioides 1-F was determined by dual-culture assays, pot experiments, cell membrane permeability, cellular contents, cell metabolism, and the activities of the key defense enzymes. Results We investigated the possible mechanism of strain GS-16 inhibiting 1-F. In vitro, the dual-culture assays revealed that strain GS-16 had significant antagonistic activity (92.03%) against 1-F and broad-spectrum antifungal activity in all tested plant pathogens. In pot experiments, the disease index decreased to 6.12 after treatment with GS-16, indicating that strain GS-16 had a good biocontrol effect against tea anthracnose disease (89.06%). When the PE extract of GS-16 treated mycelial of 1-F, the mycelial appeared deformities, distortions, and swelling by SEM observations. Besides that, compared with the negative control, the contents of nucleic acids, protein, and total soluble sugar of GS-16 group were increased significantly, indicating that the PE extract of GS-16 could cause damage to integrity of 1-F. We also found that GS-16 obviously destroyed cellular metabolism and the normal synthesis of cellular contents. Additionally, treatment with GS-16 induced plant resistance by increasing the activities of the key defense enzymes PPO, SOD, CAT, PAL, and POD. Conclusions We concluded that GS-16 could damage cell permeability and integrity, destroy the normal synthesis of cellular contents, and induce plant resistance, which contributed to its antagonistic activity. These findings indicated that strain GS-16 could be used as an efficient microorganism for tea anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yumei Tan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiuju Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institution of Supervision and Inspection Product Quality of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaofu Xie
- Guiyang No. 1 High School, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Longfeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Luo L, Zhang X, Wu X, Liu W, Liu J. Identification of Gonatophragmium mori Causing Mulberry Zonate Leaf Spot Disease and Characterization of Their Biological Enemies in Guangxi, China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:162-174. [PMID: 37552161 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0738-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry zonate leaf spot disease (MZLSD) is an important fungal disease of mulberry trees, which seriously affects the productivity and quality of mulberry leaves. MZLSD has been widely reported in sericultural production areas in Guangxi, China, in recent years. In this study, the causal agent of MZLSD was isolated from symptomatic samples and identified as Gonatophragmium mori (Acrospermaceae) based on morphological characterization and molecular analyses using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that G. mori is the pathogen responsible for MZLSD. Furthermore, we isolated antagonistic endophytic bacteria (AEB) from healthy mulberry leaves. Plate confrontation experiments showed that the lipopeptide crude extracts (LPCE) of three endophytic bacteria can inhibit the growth of G. mori, and the diameter of the antibacterial circle reaches more than 60 mm when their concentration of LPCE is 200 mg/ml. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that LPCE caused drastic changes in mycelial morphology. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the LPCE-induced apoptosis-like cell death in G. mori hyphae. Finally, based on morphological and molecular features, we identified the three isolates as Bacillus subtilis DS07, B. subtilis DS32, and B. velezensis Q6, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time to identify G. mori by combining characterization and molecular analyses, and we provide timely information about the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of G. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xingnan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Weifu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Nzabanita C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang S, Guo L. The Wheat Endophyte Epicoccum layuense J4-3 Inhibits Fusarium graminearum and Enhances Plant Growth. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 38248920 PMCID: PMC10817605 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are well-known for their ability to promote plant growth and hinder fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum. This study aimed to characterize the biocontrol efficacy of strain J4-3 isolated from the stem of symptomless wheat collected from Heilongjiang Province, China. It was identified as Epicoccum layuense using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin (TUB). In a dual culture assay, strain J4-3 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. graminearum strain PH-1 and other fungal pathogens. In addition, wheat coleoptile tests showed that lesion symptoms caused by F. graminearum were significantly reduced in wheat seedlings treated with hyphal fragment suspensions of strain J4-3 compared to the controls. Under field conditions, applying spore suspensions and culture filtrates of strain J4-3 with conidial suspensions of F. graminearum on wheat spikes resulted in the significant biocontrol efficacy of FHB. In addition, wheat seedlings previously treated with spore suspensions of strain J4-3 before sowing successfully resulted in FHB reduction after the application of conidial suspensions of F. graminearum at anthesis. More importantly, wheat seedlings treated with hyphal fragments and spore suspensions of strain J4-3 showed significant increases in wheat growth compared to the controls under greenhouse and field conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that E. layuense J4-3 could be a promising biocontrol agent (BCA) against F. graminearum, causing FHB and a growth-promoting fungus in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.N.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.W.)
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Li F, Zhu R, Gao F, Duan T. Prior Infection by Colletotrichum spinaciae Lowers the Susceptibility to Infection by Powdery Mildew in Common Vetch. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:52. [PMID: 38202360 PMCID: PMC10780821 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spinaciae) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) are important diseases of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and often co-occur in the same plant. Here, we evaluate how C. spinaciae infection affects susceptibility to E. pisi, using sterilized and non-sterilized field soil to test the effect of resident soil microorganisms on the plant's immune response. Plants infected with C. spinaciae (C+) exhibited a respective 41.77~44.16% and 72.37~75.27% lower incidence and severity of powdery mildew than uninfected (C-) plants. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were higher in the C- plants than in the C+ plants prior to infection with powdery mildew. These differences were not recorded following powdery mildew infection. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase were higher in the C+ plants than in the C- plants. The resident soil microbiota did not affect the plant responses to both pathogens. By uncovering the mechanistic basis of plant immune response, our study informs integrated disease management in a globally important forage crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Gansu Vocational College of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (F.L.); (R.Z.)
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Ye Q, Zhong Z, Chao S, Liu L, Chen M, Feng X, Wu H. Antifungal Effect of Bacillus velezensis ZN-S10 against Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum changpingense and Its Inhibition Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16694. [PMID: 38069016 PMCID: PMC10705930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to optimize crop production and mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the utilization of chemical agents, it is necessary to explore new biocontrol agents. Bacillus velezensis has been widely studied as a biocontrol agent because of its efficient and ecofriendly plant disease control mechanisms. This study shows that the strain ZN-S10 effectively reduces the area of leaf spots caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum changpingense ZAFU0163-1, which affects conidia production and germination, inhibits mycelium growth, and induces mycelium deformation. In antifungal experiments with crude extracts, we observed a delay in the cell cycle of conidia, which may be responsible for the inhibition of conidial germination. Among the bioactive metabolites detected through integrated LC-MS- and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A, telocinobufagin, and surfactin A may be the main antifungal metabolites of strain ZN-S10. The presence of 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A could explain the cell damage in germ tubes. This is the first report of telocinobufagin detected in B. velezensis. These results are significant for understanding the inhibitory mechanisms employed by B. velezensis and should serve as a reference in the production of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Ye
- Jixian Honors College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Zhupeiqi Zhong
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Shufeng Chao
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Mengli Chen
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiming Wu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.C.)
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Rosier A, Pomerleau M, Beauregard PB, Samac DA, Bais HP. Surfactin and Spo0A-Dependent Antagonism by Bacillus subtilis Strain UD1022 against Medicago sativa Phytopathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1007. [PMID: 36903868 PMCID: PMC10005099 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as the root colonizers Bacillus spp. may be ideal alternatives to chemical crop treatments. This work sought to extend the application of the broadly active PGPR UD1022 to Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Alfalfa is susceptible to many phytopathogens resulting in losses of crop yield and nutrient value. UD1022 was cocultured with four alfalfa pathogen strains to test antagonism. We found UD1022 to be directly antagonistic toward Collectotrichum trifolii, Ascochyta medicaginicola (formerly Phoma medicaginis), and Phytophthora medicaginis, and not toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. Using mutant UD1022 strains lacking genes in the nonribosomal peptide (NRP) and biofilm pathways, we tested antagonism against A. medicaginicola StC 306-5 and P. medicaginis A2A1. The NRP surfactin may have a role in the antagonism toward the ascomycete StC 306-5. Antagonism toward A2A1 may be influenced by B. subtilis biofilm pathway components. The B. subtilis central regulator of both surfactin and biofilm pathways Spo0A was required for the antagonism of both phytopathogens. The results of this study indicate that the PGPR UD1022 would be a good candidate for further investigations into its antagonistic activities against C. trifolii, A. medicaginicola, and P. medicaginis in plant and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosier
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Maude Pomerleau
- Département de Biologie, Bureau D8-1014, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pascale B. Beauregard
- Département de Biologie, Bureau D8-1014, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Deborah A. Samac
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Harsh P. Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
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Luan P, Yi Y, Huang Y, Cui L, Hou Z, Zhu L, Ren X, Jia S, Liu Y. Biocontrol potential and action mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DB2 on Bipolaris sorokiniana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149363. [PMID: 37125175 PMCID: PMC10135310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bipolaris sorokiniana is the popular pathogenic fungi fungus which lead to common root rot and leaf spot on wheat. Generally, chemical fungicides are used to control diseases. However, the environmental pollution resulting from fungicides should not be ignored. It is important to study the mode of antagonistic action between biocontrol microbes and plant pathogens to design efficient biocontrol strategies. Results An antagonistic bacterium DB2 was isolated and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The inhibition rate of cell-free culture filtrate (CF, 20%, v/v) of DB2 against B. sorokiniana reached 92.67%. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the CF significantly altered the mycelial morphology of B. sorokiniana and disrupted cellular integrity. Fluorescence microscopy showed that culture filtrate destroyed mycelial cell membrane integrity, decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and nuclear damage which caused cell death in B. sorokiniana. Moreover, the strain exhibited considerable production of protease and amylase, and showed a significant siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. In the detached leaves and potted plants control assay, B. amyloliquefacien DB2 had remarkable inhibition activity against B. sorokiniana and the pot control efficacy was 75.22%. Furthermore, DB2 suspension had a significant promotion for wheat seedlings growth. Conclusion B. amyloliquefaciens DB2 can be taken as a potential biocontrol agent to inhibit B. sorokiniana on wheat and promote wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Luan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Yi
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjie Yi,
| | - Yifan Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Cui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Ren
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao Jia
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules for Biomedical Research, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Pei D, Zhang Q, Zhu X, Zhang L. Biological Control of Verticillium Wilt and Growth Promotion in Tomato by Rhizospheric Soil-Derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Oj-2.16. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010037. [PMID: 36678385 PMCID: PMC9865522 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae seriously affects tomato quality and yield. In this work, strain Oj-2.16 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the medicinal plant Ophiopogon japonicas and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. Strain Oj-2.16 exhibited a high inhibition rate against V. dahliae, and the hyphae inhibited by Oj-2.16 were found to be destroyed on scanning electron microscopy. Lipopeptide and dipeptide genes were detected in the Oj-2.16 genome by PCR amplification involved in surfactin, iturin, fengycin, and bacilysin biosynthesis. In pot experiments, the biocontrol efficacy of strain Oj-2.16 against Verticillium wilt in tomato was 89.26%, which was slightly higher than the efficacy of the chemical fungicide carbendazim. Strain Oj-2.16 can produce indole acetic acid, siderophores, assimilate various carbon sources, and significantly promoted the growth of tomato seedlings by increasing plant height, root length, stem width, fresh weight, and dry weight by 44.44%, 122.22%, 80.19%, 57.65%, 64.00%, respectively. Furthermore, defense-related antioxidant CAT, SOD, POD, and PAL enzyme activities significantly increased and MDA contents significantly decreased in tomato seedlings treated with strain Oj-2.16 upon inoculation of V. dahliae compared with the pathogen-inoculated control. In summary, we concluded that B. amyloliquefaciens Oj-2.16 could be used as a promising candidate for the biocontrol of Verticillium wilt and as plant growth stimulator of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Pei
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Characteristic Microorganism Resources, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Characteristic Microorganism Resources, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Characteristic Microorganism Resources, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Lu H, Yang P, Zhong M, Bilal M, Xu H, Zhang Q, Xu J, Liang N, Liu S, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Geng C. Isolation of a potential probiotic strain
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
LPB
‐18 and identification of antimicrobial compounds responsible for inhibition of food‐borne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2186-2196. [PMID: 37181301 PMCID: PMC10171509 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to screen a potential probiotic microbe with broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against food-borne pathogens and identify the antimicrobial compounds. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, a new Bacillus strain with the ability to produce effective antimicrobial agents was isolated from the breeding soil of earthworms and identified as having a close evolutionary footprint to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The antimicrobial substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens show effective inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum in an agar diffusion assay. Antimicrobial agents were identified as a series of fengycin and its isoforms (fengycin A and fengycin B) after being submitted to RT-HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. To evaluate the probiotic activity of the B. amyloliquefaciens, antibiotic safety and viability of the isolated strain in a simulated gastrointestinal environment were carried out. The safety test result revealed that strain LPB-18 is susceptible to multiple common antibiotics. Moreover, acidic condition and bile salts assay were carried out, and the results revealed that it couble be a potential probiotic microbe B. amyloliquefaciens LPB-18 is good choice for biological strains in agricultural commodities and animal feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Panping Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Mengyuan Zhong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Jiangnan Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Naiguo Liang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Chengxin Geng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
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12
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Effects of timothy Cladosporium eyespot on photosynthesis and biomass. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:568. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Liu H, Jiang J, An M, Li B, Xie Y, Xu C, Jiang L, Yan F, Wang Z, Wu Y. Bacillus velezensis SYL-3 suppresses Alternaria alternata and tobacco mosaic virus infecting Nicotiana tabacum by regulating the phyllosphere microbial community. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840318. [PMID: 35966697 PMCID: PMC9366745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of plant diseases is closely associated with the imbalance of plant tissue microecological environment. The regulation of the phyllosphere microbial communities has become a new and alternative approach to the biological control of foliar diseases. In this study, Bacillus velezensis SYL-3 isolated from Luzhou exhibited an effective inhibitory effect against Alternaria alternata and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The analysis of phyllosphere microbiome by PacBio sequencing indicated that SYL-3 treatment significantly altered fungal and bacterial communities on the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum plants and reduced the disease index caused by A. alternata and TMV. Specifically, the abundance of P. seudomo, Sphingomonas, Massilia, and Cladosporium in the SYL-3 treatment group increased by 19.00, 9.49, 3.34, and 12.29%, respectively, while the abundances of Pantoea, Enterobacter, Sampaiozyma, and Rachicladosporium were reduced. Moreover, the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, was negatively correlated with the disease indexes of A. alternata and TMV. The PICRUSt data also predicted the composition of functional genes, with significant differences being apparent between SYL-3 and the control treatment group. Further functional analysis of the microbiome also showed that SYL-3 may induce host disease resistance by motivating host defense-related pathways. These results collectively indicate that SYL-3 may suppress disease progression caused by A. alternata or TMV by improving the microbial community composition on tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Fangfang Yan
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Panzhihua, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiping Wang,
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Yuanhua Wu,
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14
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Lu H, Li R, Yang P, Luo W, Chen S, Bilal M, Xu H, Gu C, Liu S, Zhao Y, Geng C, Zhao L. iTRAQ-BASED Proteomic Analysis of the Mechanism of Fructose on Improving Fengycin Biosynthesis in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206309. [PMID: 34684889 PMCID: PMC8539540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fengycin, as a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, displays potent activity against filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and Soft-rot fungus, which exhibits a wide range of potential applications in food industries, agriculture, and medicine. To better clarify the regulatory mechanism of fructose on fengycin biosynthesis, the iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was utilized to investigate the differentially expressed proteins of B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 cultivated in ML (without fructose) and MLF (with fructose) medium. The results indicated that a total of 811 proteins, including 248 proteins with differential expression levels (162 which were upregulated (fold > 2) and 86, which were downregulated (fold < 0.5) were detected, and most of the proteins are associated with cellular metabolism, biosynthesis, and biological regulation process. Moreover, the target genes’ relative expression was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR to validate the proteomic analysis results. Based on the results of proteome analysis, the supposed pathways of fructose enhancing fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens fmb-60 can be summarized as improvement of the metabolic process, including cellular amino acid and amide, fatty acid biosynthesis, peptide and protein, nucleotide and nucleobase-containing compound, drug/toxin, cofactor, and vitamin; reinforcement of peptide/protein translation, modification, biological process, and response to a stimulus. In conclusion, this study represents a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fructose mechanism on improving fengycin biosynthesis in B. amyloliquefaciens, which will provide a road map to facilitate the potential application of fengycin or its homolog in defending against filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China;
| | - Panping Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weibo Luo
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shunxian Chen
- Institute of Food and Marine Bio-Resources, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (W.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Geng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (H.L.); (P.Y.); (M.B.); (H.X.); (C.G.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83559107 (C.G.); +86-517-83559216 (L.Z.)
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