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Yang M, Smit S, de Ridder D, Feng J, Liu T, Xu J, van der Lee TAJ, Zhang H, Chen W. Adaptation of Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens to Changes in Agricultural Practices and Human Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401899. [PMID: 39099330 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. To understand the impact of human migration and changes in agricultural practices on crop pathogens, here population genomic analysis with 245 representative strains from a collection of 4,427 field isolates of Fusarium asiaticum, the causal agent of FHB in Southern China is conducted. Three populations with distinct evolution trajectories are identifies over the last 10,000 years that can be correlated with historically documented changes in agricultural practices due to human migration caused by the Southern Expeditions during the Jin Dynasty. The gradual decrease of 3ADON-producing isolates from north to south along with the population structure and spore dispersal patterns shows the long-distance (>250 km) dispersal of F. asiaticum. These insights into population dynamics and evolutionary history of FHB pathogens are corroborated by a genome-wide analysis with strains originating from Japan, South America, and the USA, confirming the adaptation of FHB pathogens to cropping systems and human migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Smit
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Gangu, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui, 741200, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Theo A J van der Lee
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, PB, 6708, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Gangu, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui, 741200, P. R. China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Fuyao S, Tangwei Z, Yujun X, Chengcheng D, Deji C, Xiaojun Y, Xuelian W, Mduduzi PM, Ademola OO, Jianrong S, Changzhong M, Jianhong X, Ying L, Fei D. Characterization of Fusarium species causing head blight of highland barley (qingke) in Tibet, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110728. [PMID: 38696987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of the research on the characterization of Fusarium species focused on wheat, barley, rice, and maize in China. However, there has been limited research in highland barley (qingke). Recently, Fusarium head blight (FHB) of qingke was recently observed in Tibet, China, especially around the Brahmaputra River. To gain a better understanding of the pathogens involver, 201 Fusarium isolates were obtained from qingke samples in 2020. Among these isolates, the most abundant species was F. avenaceum (45.3 %), followed by F. equiseti (27.8 %), F. verticillioides (13.9 %), F. acuminatum (9.0 %), F. flocciferum (3.5 %), and F. proliferatum (0.5 %). The distribution of Fusarium species varied along the Brahmaputra River, with F. avenaceum being predominant in the midstream and downstream regions, while F. equiseti was more common in the upstream region. Chemical analyses of all the isolates revealed the production of different mycotoxins by various Fusarium species. It was found that enniatins were produced by F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. flocciferum, beauvericin (BEA) and fumonisins were produced F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and zearalenone (ZEN) and nivalenol (NIV) were produced by F. equiseti. Pathogenicity test showed that F. avenaceum was more aggressive in causing FHB compared to F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, and F. flocciferum. The disease severity, measured by the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), was significantly positively (P < 0.01) correlated with the concentration of total toxins produced by each species. Furthermore, all the Fusarium strains which were used for pathogenicity test were susceptible to carbendazim, and the 50 % effective concentration (EC50) ranged from 0.406 μg/mL to 0.673 μg/mL with an average EC50 of 0.551 ± 0.012 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Fuyao
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.; College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China
| | - Zhang Tangwei
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Xing Yujun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Dai Chengcheng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ciren Deji
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Yang Xiaojun
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - Wu Xuelian
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China
| | - P Mokoena Mduduzi
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - O Olaniran Ademola
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shi Jianrong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ma Changzhong
- College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China
| | - Xu Jianhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Li Ying
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, PR China; College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, PR China.
| | - Dong Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China..
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang M, Li C, Wang W, Suo Y, Song F. Population Genetic Analyses and Trichothecene Genotype Profiling of Fusarium pseudograminearum Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Henan, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:240. [PMID: 38667911 PMCID: PMC11051422 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, Fusarium pseudograminearum has emerged as a major pathogen causing Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and caused significant losses. Studies on the pathogen's properties, especially its mating type and trichothecene chemotypes, are critical with respect to disease epidemiology and food/feed safety. There are currently few available reports on these issues. This study investigated the species composition, mating type idiomorphs, and trichothecene genotypes of Fusarium spp. causing FCR in Henan, China. A significant shift in F. pseudograminearum-induced FCR was found in the present study. Of the 144 purified strains, 143 were F. pseudograminearum, whereas only 1 Fusarium graminearum was identified. Moreover, a significant trichothecene-producing capability of F. pseudograminearum strains from Henan was observed in this work. Among the 143 F. pseudograminearum strains identified, F. pseudograminearum with a 15ADON genotype was found to be predominant (133 isolates), accounting for 92.36% of all strains, followed by F. pseudograminearum with a 3ADON genotype, whereas only one NIV genotype strain was detected. Overall, a relatively well-balanced 1:1 ratio of the F. pseudograminearum population was found in Henan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the Fusarium populations responsible for FCR across the Henan wheat-growing region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Zhang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Plant Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chunying Li
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (M.Z.); (W.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Fengping Song
- Plant Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China;
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Miao J, Li Y, Hu S, Li G, Gao X, Dai T, Liu X. Resistance risk, resistance mechanism and the effect on DON production of a new SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105795. [PMID: 38458689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight in wheat is caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in significant yield losses and grain contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a potential threat to animal health. Cyclobutrifluram, a newly developed succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has shown excellent inhibition of Fusarium spp. However, the resistance risk of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram and the molecular mechanism of resistance have not been determined. In this study, we established the average EC50 of a range of F. graminearum isolates to cyclobutrifluram to be 0.0110 μg/mL. Six cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide adaptation. All mutants exhibited impaired fitness relative to their parental isolates. This was evident from measurements of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidial germination, virulence, and DON production. Interestingly, cyclobutrifluram did not seem to affect the DON production of either the sensitive isolates or the resistant mutants. Furthermore, a positive cross-resistance was observed between cyclobutrifluram and pydiflumetofen. These findings suggest that F. graminearum carries a moderate to high risk of developing resistance to cyclobutrifluram. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FgSdhB and A73V in FgSdhC1 of F. graminearum were observed in the cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants. Finally, an overexpression transformation assay and molecular docking indicated that FgSdhBH248Y or FgSdhC1A73V could confer resistance of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Kleber A, Gruber-Dorninger C, Platzer A, Payet C, Novak B. Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in French Wheat during a 4-Year Period. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:443. [PMID: 37505712 PMCID: PMC10467151 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat represents one of the most widely consumed cereals worldwide. Cultivated in winter and spring, it is vulnerable to an array of different pathogens, including fungi, which are managed largely through the in-field application of fungicides. During this study, a 4-year field investigation (2018-2021) was performed in France, aiming to assess the efficacy of fungicide treatment to reduce mycotoxin contamination in common and durum wheat. Several different commercially available fungicides were applied via sprayers. Concentrations of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in wheat were determined using a multi-analyte liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry-based method. The highest contamination levels and strongest effects of fungicides were observed in 2018, followed by 2021. A significant fungicide-mediated reduction was observed for the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, nivalenol, and nivalenol-3-glucoside. Furthermore, fungicide treatment also reduced levels of culmorin and its hydroxy metabolites 5- and 15-hydroxy-culmorin, as well as aurofusarin. Interestingly, the Alternaria metabolite infectopyron was increased following fungicide treatment. In conclusion, fungicide treatment was effective in reducing mycotoxin levels in wheat. However, as complete prevention of mycotoxin contamination was not achieved, fungicide treatment should always be combined with other pre- and post-harvest mycotoxin mitigation strategies to improve food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kleber
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (C.G.-D.); (A.P.); (B.N.)
| | | | - Alexander Platzer
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (C.G.-D.); (A.P.); (B.N.)
| | | | - Barbara Novak
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (C.G.-D.); (A.P.); (B.N.)
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Zhang TW, Wu DL, Li WD, Hao ZH, Wu XL, Xing YJ, Shi JR, Li Y, Dong F. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in freshly harvested highland barley (qingke) grains from Tibet, China. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00487-1. [PMID: 37237114 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley, also called "qingke" in Tibetan, is mainly cultivated in the Tibetan Plateau of China and has been used as a major staple food for Tibetans. Recently, Fusarium head blight (FHB) of qingke was frequently observed around the Brahmaputra River in Tibet. Considering the importance of qingke for Tibetans, the assessment of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination is essential for food safety. In this study, a total of 150 freshly harvested qingke grain samples were obtained from three regions around the Brahmaputra River in Tibet (China) in 2020. The samples were investigated for the occurrence of 20 Fusarium mycotoxins using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‒MS/MS). The most frequently occurring mycotoxin was enniatin B (ENB) (46%), followed by enniatin B1 (ENB1) (14.7%), zearalenone (ZEN) (6.0%), enniatin A1 (ENA1) (3.3%), enniatin A (ENA) (1.3%), beauvericin (BEA) (0.7%), and nivalenol (NIV) (0.7%). Due to the increase in altitude, the cumulative precipitation level and average temperature decreased from the downstream to the upstream of the Brahmaputra River; this directly correlated to the contamination level of ENB in qingke, which gradually decreased from downstream to upstream. In addition, the level of ENB in qingke obtained from qingke-rape rotation was significantly lower than that from qingke-wheat and qingke-qingke rotations (p < 0.05). These results disseminated the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and provided further understanding of the effect of environmental factors and crop rotation on Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Zhang
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - D L Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - W D Li
- College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Hao
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Wu
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Xing
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - J R Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- Institution of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
| | - F Dong
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Leslie JF, Moretti A, Mesterházy Á, Ameye M, Audenaert K, Singh PK, Richard-Forget F, Chulze SN, Ponte EMD, Chala A, Battilani P, Logrieco AF. Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 34679018 PMCID: PMC8541216 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Leslie
- Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Department of Plant Pathology, 1712 Claflin Avenue, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ákos Mesterházy
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico 06600, DF, Mexico;
| | | | - Sofía N. Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council-National University of Río Cuarto (CONICET-UNRC), 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Emerson M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Alemayehu Chala
- College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via E. Parmense, 84-29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Dong F, Li Y, Chen X, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, Ma G, Lee YW, Mokoena MP, Olaniran AO, Xu JH, Shi JR. Analysis of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Gramineous Weeds Near Wheat Fields in Jiangsu Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3269-3275. [PMID: 33847508 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2376-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several weed species are known as alternative hosts of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), and their epidemiological significance in Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been investigated; however, scant information is available regarding FGSC occurrence in weeds near Chinese wheat fields. To evaluate the potential role of gramineous weeds surrounding wheat fields in FHB, 306 FGSC isolates were obtained from 210 gramineous weed samples in 2018 in Jiangsu Province. Among them, 289 were Fusarium asiaticum, and the remainder were F. graminearum. Trichothecene genotype and mycotoxin analyses revealed that 74.3% of the F. asiaticum isolates were the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype, and the remainder were the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. Additionally, 82.4% of F. graminearum isolates were the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype, and the remainder were the NIV chemotype. FHB severity and trichothecene analysis indicated that F. asiaticum isolates with the 3ADON chemotype were more aggressive than those with the NIV chemotype in wheat. 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum isolated from weeds and wheat showed no significant differences in pathogenicity in wheat. All selected F. asiaticum isolates produced perithecia, with little difference between the 3ADON and NIV chemotypes. These results highlight the epidemiology of the FGSC isolated from weeds near wheat fields, with implications for reducing FHB inoculum in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jirong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guizhen Ma
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mduduzi P Mokoena
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa
| | - Jian Hong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Rong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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9
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Vadopalas L, Ruzauskas M, Lele V, Starkute V, Zavistanaviciute P, Zokaityte E, Bartkevics V, Pugajeva I, Reinolds I, Badaras S, Klupsaite D, Mozuriene E, Dauksiene A, Gruzauskas R, Bartkiene E. Combination of Antimicrobial Starters for Feed Fermentation: Influence on Piglet Feces Microbiota and Health and Growth Performance, Including Mycotoxin Biotransformation in vivo. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:528990. [PMID: 33178725 PMCID: PMC7596189 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.528990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to apply a combination of the microbial starters Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, and Pediococcus pentosaceus LUHS183 for feed fermentation and to evaluate the influence of fermentation on feed acidity and microbiological characteristics, as well as on the piglet feces microbiota, health, and growth performance. Additionally, mycotoxin biotransformation was analyzed, including masked mycotoxins, in feed and piglet feces samples. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace (LW/NL) piglets with an initial body weight of 6.9–7.0 kg, which were randomly distributed into two groups (in each 100 piglets): control group, fed with basal diet (based on barley, wheat, potato protein, soybean protein concentrate, and whey powder), and treated group, fed with fermented feed at 500 g kg−1 of total feed. Compared to a commercially available lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combination, the novel LAB mixture effectively reduced feed pH (on average pH 3.65), produced a 2-fold higher content of L(+) lactic acid, increased viable LAB count [on average 8.8 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) g−1], and led to stable feed fermentation during the entire test period (36 days). Fecal microbiota analysis showed an increased number of probiotic bacteria in the treated group, particularly Lactobacillus, when compared with the control group at the end of experiment. This finding indicates that fermented feed can modify microbial profile change in the gut of pigs. In treated piglets' blood (at day 61), the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher, but the levels of T4, glucose, K, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and urea were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) compared with the control group. Mycotoxin analysis showed that alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and altenuene were found in 61-day-old control piglets' feces and in fermented feed samples. However, AME was not found in treated piglets' feces. Feed fermentation with the novel LAB combination is a promising means to modulate piglets' microbiota, which is essential to improve nutrient absorption, growth performance, and health parameters. The new LAB composition suggests a novel dietary strategy to positively manipulate fermented feed chemicals and bio-safety and the piglet gut microbial ecology to reduce antimicrobials use in pig production and increase local feed stock uses and economical effectiveness of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Vadopalas
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ingars Reinolds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sarunas Badaras
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Erika Mozuriene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agila Dauksiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romas Gruzauskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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10
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Yang M, Zhang H, van der Lee TAJ, Waalwijk C, van Diepeningen AD, Feng J, Brankovics B, Chen W. Population Genomic Analysis Reveals a Highly Conserved Mitochondrial Genome in Fusarium asiaticum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32431686 PMCID: PMC7214670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum is one of the pivotal members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley and rice in large parts of Asia. Besides resulting in yield losses, FHB also causes the accumulation of mycotoxins such as nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON). The aim of this study was to conduct population studies on F. asiaticum from Southern China through mitochondrial genome analyses. All strains were isolated from wheat or rice from several geographic areas in seven provinces in Southern China. Based on geographic location and host, 210 isolates were selected for next generation sequencing, and their mitogenomes were assembled by GRAbB and annotated to explore the mitochondrial genome variability of F. asiaticum. The F. asiaticum mitogenome proves extremely conserved and variation is mainly caused by absence/presence of introns harboring homing endonuclease genes. These variations could be utilized to develop molecular markers for track and trace of migrations within and between populations. This study illustrates how mitochondrial introns can be used as markers for population genetic analysis. SNP analysis demonstrate the occurrence of mitochondrial recombination in F. asiaticum as was previously found for F. oxysporum and implied for F. graminearum. Furthermore, varying degrees of genetic diversity and recombination showed a high association with different geographic regions as well as with cropping systems. The mitogenome of F. graminearum showed a much higher SNP diversity while the interspecies intron variation showed no evidence of gene flow between the two closely related and sexual compatible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China.,Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Theo A J van der Lee
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Cowger C, Ward TJ, Nilsson K, Arellano C, McCormick SP, Busman M. Regional and field-specific differences in Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with blighted North Carolina wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 323:108594. [PMID: 32229393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, while Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, a diversity of FHB-causing species belonging to different species complexes has been found in most countries. In the U.S., FHB surveys have focused on the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) and the frequencies of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes. A large-scale survey was undertaken across the state of North Carolina in 2014 to explore the frequency and distribution of F. graminearum capable of producing NIV, which is not monitored at grain intake points. Symptomatic wheat spikes were sampled from 59 wheat fields in 24 counties located in three agronomic zones typical of several states east of the Appalachian Mountains: Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Tidewater. Altogether, 2197 isolates were identified to species using DNA sequence-based methods. Surprisingly, although F. graminearum was the majority species detected, species in the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) that produce "emerging mycotoxins" were frequent, and even dominant in some fields. The FTSC percentage was 50-100% in four fields, 30-49% in five fields, 20-29% in five fields, and < 20% in the remaining 45 fields. FTSC species were at significantly higher frequency in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont or Tidewater (P < .05). Moniliformin concentrations in samples ranged from 0.0 to 38.7 μg g-1. NIV producing isolates were rare statewide (2.2%), and never >12% in a single field, indicating that routine testing for NIV is probably unnecessary. The patchy distribution of FTSC species in wheat crops demonstrated the need to investigate the potential importance of their mycotoxins and the factors that allow them to sometimes outcompete trichothecene producers. An increased sampling intensity of wheat fields led to the unexpected discovery of a minority FHB-causing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cowger
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Todd J Ward
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kathryn Nilsson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Mark Busman
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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12
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Yan Z, Zhang H, van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, van Diepeningen A, Deng Y, Feng J, Liu T, Chen W. Resistance to Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation among 129 wheat cultivars from different ecological regions in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 129 wheat cultivars collected from local breeders in four ecological regions in China was evaluated for Fusarium head blight resistance after natural infection under epidemic conditions. The disease index was scored and seven toxins concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The disease index ranged from 6.3 to 80.9% and a strong correlation was found between the regions from which the cultivars originate and disease index. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Region showed the highest disease resistance, followed by the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Region. FHB resistance of cultivars from northern and southern Huanghuai Region was lowest and all cultivars in these regions are highly or moderately susceptible. Disease index was significantly correlated with toxin accumulation on nation scale, but no clear correlation was found within most ecological regions. The toxin accumulation was also not well correlated with resistant levels. As the incidence of FHB has increased dramatically over the last decade, improved FHB resistance in cultivars is urgently needed. We recommend that besides scoring for disease index also mycotoxin accumulation in cultivars is incorporated in breeding procedures and the evaluation of cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 125100 Xingcheng, China P.R
- Gansu Agricultural University, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - T.A.J. van der Lee
- Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C. Waalwijk
- Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A.D. van Diepeningen
- Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Y. Deng
- Nanping Institute of Agriculture Sciences, 354200 Nanping, China P.R
| | - J. Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - T. Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - W. Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
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13
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Dong F, Xing Y, Lee Y, Mokoena M, Olaniran A, Xu J, Shi J. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and toxigenic Fusarium species in freshly harvested rice in Jiangsu, China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, 236 rice samples were collected from 42 counties in Jiangsu province, China, and analysed for Fusarium mycotoxins. Mycotoxin analyses showed that deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenone X (FUS-X), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (including FB1, FB2, and FB3), and beauvericin (BEA) were present in unhusked rice samples. Regional differences in mycotoxin contamination of unhusked rice were attributed to differences in precipitation during rice anthesis and agricultural practices among the three study regions. Importantly, the mean concentrations of DON, NIV, ZEA, and fumonisins in white rice were significantly lower than those in unhusked rice, and the relative proportion of the toxins in rice by-products exceeded 84%. Fusarium isolates were then obtained from the unhusked rice samples; Fusarium asiaticum was the most common, followed by Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium commune. Genotype and chemical analyses of mycotoxins showed that most F. asiaticum isolates (71%) were 3-ADON chemotypes; the remainder were NIV producers. All of the F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides isolates, and most of the F. fujikuroi isolates produce fumonisins, and most of the three species coproduced BEA. The present study is the first to evaluate Fusarium mycotoxins and toxigenic Fusarium species from rice freshly harvested in Jiangsu province, China. The results of this study improve our understanding the population dynamics of Fusarium species in rice and the development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Y.J. Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural
| | - Y.W. Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M.P. Mokoena
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - A.O. Olaniran
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - J.H. Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
| | - J.R. Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China P.R
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14
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Qin P, Xu J, Jiang Y, Hu L, van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, Zhang W, Xu X. Survey for toxigenic Fusarium species on maize kernels in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maize is currently the most important crop in China. A major concern in maize production is maize ear rot caused by Fusarium spp., which results in yield losses, reduction of seed quality and the accumulation of mycotoxins in the harvested grains. To identify the importance of the different Fusarium species in maize infection, we performed a comprehensive survey on 9,000 asymptomatic and randomly collected maize kernels. Seeds were collected from 12 different provinces covering all major maize growing areas in China and included five maize varieties. In total 1,022 Fusarium isolates were retrieved that were identified based on morphological characteristics, by species specific diagnostic PCRs and by EF1-α gene sequencing. Eight different species were identified: Fusarium verticillioides (75.34%), Fusarium graminearum (8.32%), Fusarium proliferatum (7.14%), Fusarium subglutinans (4.11%), Fusarium meridionale (1.57%), Fusarium oxysporum (1.37%), Fusarium semitectum (1.17%), and Fusarium asiaticum (0.98%). The distribution of Fusarium species was found to be different in different regions with the largest diversity observed in Hubei province, where all eight Fusarium species were isolated. Genetic chemotyping within the F. graminearum species complex indicated that all of the 85 F. graminearum isolates showed the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype, whereas all F. asiaticum (n=10) and F. meridionale (n=16) isolates had the nivalenol chemotype even when isolated from the same maize field. To our knowledge this is the largest collection of Fusarium isolates from maize and further exploitations of this collection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe Street, Dongling Road No.120, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R
| | - J. Xu
- Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R
| | - Y. Jiang
- Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R
| | - L. Hu
- Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R
| | - T. van der Lee
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Biointeractions, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C. Waalwijk
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Biointeractions, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W.M. Zhang
- Plant Protection Station of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China P.R
| | - X.D. Xu
- Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R
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15
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The Photoreceptor Components FaWC1 and FaWC2 of Fusarium asiaticum Cooperatively Regulate Light Responses but Play Independent Roles in Virulence Expression. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030365. [PMID: 32150839 PMCID: PMC7143034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum belongs to one of the phylogenetical subgroups of the F. graminearum species complex and is epidemically predominant in the East Asia area. The life cycle of F. asiaticum is significantly regulated by light. In this study, the fungal blue light receptor white collar complex (WCC), including FaWC1 and FaWC2, were characterized in F. asiaticum. The knockout mutants ΔFawc1 and ΔFawc2 were generated by replacing the target genes via homologous recombination events. The two mutants showed similar defects in light-induced carotenoid biosynthesis, UV-C resistance, sexual fruiting body development, and the expression of the light-responsive marker genes, while in contrast, all these light responses were characteristics in wild-type (WT) and their complementation strains, indicating that FaWC1 and FaWC2 are involved in the light sensing of F. asiaticum. Unexpectedly, however, the functions of Fawc1 and Fawc2 diverged in regulating virulence, as the ΔFawc1 was avirulent to the tested host plant materials, but ΔFawc2 was equivalent to WT in virulence. Moreover, functional analysis of FaWC1 by partial disruption revealed that its light–oxygen–voltage (LOV) domain was required for light sensing but dispensable for virulence, and its Zinc-finger domain was required for virulence expression but not for light signal transduction. Collectively, these results suggest that the conserved fungal blue light receptor WCC not only endows F. asiaticum with light-sensing ability to achieve adaptation to environment, but it also regulates virulence expression by the individual component FaWC1 in a light-independent manner, and the latter function opens a way for investigating the pathogenicity mechanisms of this important crop disease agent.
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16
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Jang JY, Baek SG, Choi JH, Kim S, Kim J, Kim DW, Yun SH, Lee T. Characterization of Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium asiaticum That Causes Cereal Head Blight in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:543-552. [PMID: 31832035 PMCID: PMC6901258 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2019.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum of the F. graminearum species complex causes head blight in small-grain cereals. The nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes of F. asiaticum is more common than the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes of F. asiaticum or F. graminearum in Korea. To understand the prevalence of F. asiaticum-NIV in Korean cereals, we characterized the biological traits of 80 cereal isolates of F. asiaticum producing NIV or 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 54 F. graminearum with 3-ADON or 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). There was no significant difference in mycelial growth between the chemotypes, but F. asiaticum isolates grew approximately 30% faster than F. graminearum isolates on potato dextrose agar. Sexual and asexual reproduction capacities differed markedly between the two species. Both chemotypes of F. graminearum (3-ADON and 15-ADON) produced significantly higher numbers of perithecia and conidia than F. asiaticum-NIV. The highest level of mycotoxins (sum of trichothecenes and zearalenone) was produced by F. graminearum-3-ADON on rice medium, followed by F. graminearum-15-ADON, F. asiaticum-3-ADON, and F. asiaticum-NIV. Zearalenone levels were correlated with DON levels in some chemotypes, but not with NIV levels. Disease assessment on barley, maize, rice, and wheat revealed that both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates were virulent toward all crops tested. However, there is a tendency that virulence levels of F. asiaticum-NIV isolates on rice were higher than those of F. graminearum isolates. Taken together, the phenotypic traits found among the Korean F. asiaticum-NIV isolates suggest an association with their host adaptation to certain environments in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeong Jang
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Seul Gi Baek
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Sosoo Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jeomsoon Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Da-Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyanag University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyanag University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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17
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Ramdass AC, Villafana RT, Rampersad SN. Comparative Sequence Analysis of TRI1 of Fusarium. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E689. [PMID: 31771208 PMCID: PMC6950058 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxins are a class of secondary metabolites produced by multiple genera of fungi, including certain plant pathogenic Fusarium species. Functional variation in the TRI1 gene produces a novel Type A trichothecene called NX-2 in strains of F. graminearum. Using a bioinformatics approach, a systematic analysis of 52 translated TRI1 sequences of Fusarium species, including five F. graminearum NX-2 producers and four F. graminearum non-NX-2 producers, was conducted to explain the functional difference of TRI1p of FGNX-2. An assessment of several signature motifs of fungal P450s revealed amino acid substitutions in addition to the post-translational N-X-S/T sequons motif, which is indicative of N-linked glycosylation of this TRI1-encoded protein characteristic of NX-2 producers. There was evidence of selection bias, where TRI1 gene sequences were found to be under positive selection and, therefore, under functional constraints. The cumulative amino acid changes in the TRI1p sequences were reflected in the phylogenetic analyses which revealed species-specific clustering with a distinct separation of FGNX-2 from FG-non-NX-2 producers with high bootstrap support. Together, our findings provide insight into the amino acid sequence features responsible for the functional diversification of this TRI1p.
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18
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Qiu J, Xu J, Shi J. Fusarium Toxins in Chinese Wheat since the 1980s. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050248. [PMID: 31052282 PMCID: PMC6562770 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, is a widespread and destructive fungal disease. In addition to the substantial yield and revenue losses, diseased grains are often contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins, making them unsuitable for human consumption or use as animal feed. As a vital food and feed ingredient in China, the quality and safety of wheat and its products have gained growing attention from consumers, producers, scientists, and policymakers. This review supplies detailed data about the occurrence of Fusarium toxins and related intoxications from the 1980s to the present. Despite the serious situation of toxin contamination in wheat, the concentration of toxins in flour is usually lower than that in raw materials, and food-poisoning incidents have been considerably reduced. Much work has been conducted on every phase of toxin production and wheat circulation by scientific researchers. Regulations for maximum contamination limits have been established in recent years and play a substantial role in ensuring the stability of the national economy and people's livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/ Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/ Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/ Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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19
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Selection of Fusarium Trichothecene Toxin Genes for Molecular Detection Depends on TRI Gene Cluster Organization and Gene Function. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010036. [PMID: 30646506 PMCID: PMC6357111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food security is a global concern. Fusarium are among the most economically important fungal pathogens because they are ubiquitous, disease management remains a challenge, they produce mycotoxins that affect food and feed safety, and trichothecene mycotoxin production can increase the pathogenicity of some Fusarium species depending on the host species. Although trichothecenes may differ in structure by their patterns of hydroxylation or acetylation, these small changes have a significant impact on toxicity and the biological activity of these compounds. Therefore, detecting and identifying which chemotype is present in a given population are important to predicting the specific toxins that may be produced and, therefore, to evaluating the risk of exposure. Due to the challenges of inducing trichothecene production by Fusarium isolates in vitro for subsequent chemical analysis, PCR assays using gene-specific primers, either singly or in combination, designed against specific genes of the trichothecene gene cluster of multiple species of Fusarium have been developed. The establishment of TRI genotypes that potentially correspond to a specific chemotype requires examination of an information and knowledge pipeline whose critical aspects in sequential order are: (i) understanding the TRI gene cluster organization which differs according to Fusarium species under study; (ii) knowledge of the re-arrangements to the core TRI gene cluster over evolutionary time, which also differs according to Fusarium species; (iii) the functions of the TRI genes in the biosynthesis of trichothecene analogs; and (iv) based on (i)⁻(iii), selection of appropriate target TRI gene(s) for primer design in PCR amplification for the Fusarium species under study. This review, therefore, explains this pipeline and its connection to utilizing TRI genotypes as a possible proxy to chemotype designation.
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20
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Iwahashi Y. Analysis of the regulatory mechanism of deoxynivalenol production using omics. AMB Express 2018; 8:161. [PMID: 30284112 PMCID: PMC6170513 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are plant pathogens that produce various mycotoxins. Here, the regulatory mechanism of deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium asiaticum was analyzed using proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic methods. F. asiaticum was induced to produce deoxynivalenol by adding agmatine to the culture medium. Subsequently, metabolites of the glycolysis system were increased but mRNAs of the corresponding proteins were not up regulated. We speculated that this phenomenon was due to the up regulation of the 6-fructokinase and pyruvate kinase proteins, which are key enzymes of glycolysis. We discuss the relationship of metabolism with the regulation of deoxynivalenol production in F. asiaticum.
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21
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Shin S, Son JH, Park JC, Kim KH, Yoon YM, Cheong YK, Kim KH, Hyun JN, Park CS, Dill-Macky R, Kang CS. Comparative Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum Isolates from Wheat Kernels in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 34:347-355. [PMID: 30369845 PMCID: PMC6200044 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a major disease of wheat and barley around the world. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins including; nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetylde-oxynivalenol (15-ADON). The objectives of this study were to identify strains of F. graminearum isolated in Korea from 2012-harvested wheat grain and to test the pathogenicity of these NIV- and DON-producing isolates. Three hundred and four samples of wheat grain, harvested in 2012 in Chungnam, Chungbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Gangwon provinces were collected. We recovered 44 isolates from the 304 samples, based on the PCR amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA region and sequencing. Our findings indicate that F. asiaticum was the predominant (95% of all isolates) species in Korea. We recovered both F. asiaticum and F. graminearum from samples collected in Chungnam province. Of the 44 isolates recovered, 36 isolates had a NIV genotype while 8 isolates belonged to the DON genotype (3-ADON and 15-ADON). In order to characterize the pathogenicity of the strains collected, disease severity was assessed visually on various greenhouse-grown wheat cultivars inoculated using both NIV- and DON-producing isolates. Our results suggest that Korean F. graminearum isolates from wheat belong to F. asiaticum producing NIV, and both F. graminearum and F. asiaticum are not significantly different on virulence in wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Shin
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jae-Han Son
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | | | - Young-mi Yoon
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | | | - Kyong-Ho Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jong-Nae Hyun
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Ruth Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108,
USA
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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22
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Bilska K, Jurczak S, Kulik T, Ropelewska E, Olszewski J, Żelechowski M, Zapotoczny P. Species Composition and Trichothecene Genotype Profiling of Fusarium Field Isolates Recovered from Wheat in Poland. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E325. [PMID: 30103473 PMCID: PMC6115980 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is the major head disease negatively affecting grain production worldwide. In 2016 and 2017, serious outbreaks of FHB occurred in wheat crops in Poland. In this study, we characterized the diversity of Fusaria responsible for these epidemics using TaqMan assays. From a panel of 463 field isolates collected from wheat, four Fusarium species were identified. The predominant species were F. graminearum s.s. (81%) and, to a lesser extent, F. avenaceum (15%). The emergence of the 15ADON genotype was found ranging from 83% to 87% of the total trichothecene genotypes isolated in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Our results indicate two dramatic shifts within fungal field populations in Poland. The first shift is associated with the displacement of F. culmorum by F. graminearum s.s. The second shift resulted from a loss of nivalenol genotypes. We suggest that an emerging prevalence of F. graminearum s.s. may be linked to boosted maize production, which has increased substantially over the last decade in Poland. To detect variation within Tri core clusters, we compared sequence data from randomly selected field isolates with a panel of strains from geographically diverse origins. We found that the newly emerged 15ADON genotypes do not exhibit a specific pattern of polymorphism enabling their clear differentiation from the other European strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Jurczak
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ropelewska
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jacek Olszewski
- Experimental Education Unit, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Żelechowski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zapotoczny
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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23
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Bryła M, Waśkiewicz A, Ksieniewicz-Woźniak E, Szymczyk K, Jędrzejczak R. Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products-Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E963. [PMID: 29677133 PMCID: PMC6017960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Under the influence of various factors, mycotoxins may undergo modifications of their chemical structure. One of the methods of mycotoxin modification is a transformation occurring in plant cells or under the influence of fungal enzymes. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the natural occurrence of the most important trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals/cereal products, their metabolism, and the potential toxicity of the metabolites. Only very limited data are available for the majority of the identified mycotoxins. Most studies concern biologically modified trichothecenes, mainly deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, which is less toxic than its parent compound (deoxynivalenol). It is resistant to the digestion processes within the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed by the intestinal epithelium; however, it may be hydrolysed to free deoxynivalenol or deepoxy-deoxynivalenol by the intestinal microflora. Only one zearalenone derivative, zearalenone-14-glucoside, has been extensively studied. It appears to be more reactive than deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. It may be readily hydrolysed to free zearalenone, and the carbonyl group in its molecule may be easily reduced to α/β-zearalenol and/or other unspecified metabolites. Other derivatives of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are poorly characterised. Moreover, other derivatives such as glycosides of T-2 and HT-2 toxins have only recently been investigated; thus, the data related to their toxicological profile and occurrence are sporadic. The topics described in this study are crucial to ensure food and feed safety, which will be assisted by the provision of widespread access to such studies and obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Jędrzejczak
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Host and Cropping System Shape the Fusarium Population: 3ADON-Producers Are Ubiquitous in Wheat Whereas NIV-Producers Are More Prevalent in Rice. Toxins (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518004 PMCID: PMC5869403 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Fusarium head blight (FHB) outbreaks have occurred much more frequently in China. The reduction of burning of the preceding crop residues is suggested to contribute to more severe epidemics as it may increase the initial inoculum. In this study, a large number of Fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes as well as from rice stubble with perithecia originating from nine sampling sites in five provinces in Southern China. Fusarium asiaticum dominated both wheat and rice populations, although rice populations showed a higher species diversity. Chemotype analysis showed that rice is the preferred niche for NIV mycotoxin producers that were shown to be less virulent on wheat. In contrast, 3ADON producers are more prevalent on wheat and in wheat producing areas. The 3ADON producers were shown to be more virulent on wheat, revealing the selection pressure of wheat on 3ADON producers. For the first time, members of the Incarnatum-clade of FusariumIncarnatum-Equiseti Species Complex (FIESC) were found to reproduce sexually on rice stubble. The pathogenicity of FIESC isolates on wheat proved very low and this may cause the apparent absence of this species in the main wheat producing provinces. This is the first report of the Fusarium population structure including rice stubble as well as a direct comparison with the population on wheat heads in the same fields. Our results confirm that the perithecia on rice stubble are the primary inoculum of FHB on wheat and that cropping systems affect the local Fusarium population.
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25
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Wei S, van der Lee T, Verstappen E, van Gent M, Waalwijk C. Targeting Trichothecene Biosynthetic Genes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1542:173-189. [PMID: 27924538 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of trichothecenes requires the involvement of at least 15 genes, most of which have been targeted for PCR. Qualitative PCRs are used to assign chemotypes to individual isolates, e.g., the capacity to produce type A and/or type B trichothecenes. Many regions in the core cluster (consisting of 12 genes) including intergenic regions have been used as targets for PCR, but the most robust assays are targeted to the tri3 and tri12 genes. Quantitative PCRs, that work across trichothecene-producing members of the Fusarium head blight complex, are described along with procedures to quantify the amount of fungal biomass in wheat samples. These assays are directed to the chemotype(s) present in field samples and quantify the total fungal biomass of trichothecene-producing fungi, irrespective of their genetic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Theo van der Lee
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Verstappen
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marga van Gent
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Kulik T, Abarenkov K, Buśko M, Bilska K, van Diepeningen AD, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, Krawczyk K, Brankovics B, Stenglein S, Sawicki J, Perkowski J. ToxGen: an improved reference database for the identification of type B-trichothecene genotypes in Fusarium. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2992. [PMID: 28229023 PMCID: PMC5314956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B trichothecenes, which pose a serious hazard to consumer health, occur worldwide in grains. These mycotoxins are produced mainly by three different trichothecene genotypes/chemotypes: 3ADON (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol), 15ADON (15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and NIV (nivalenol), named after these three major mycotoxin compounds. Correct identification of these genotypes is elementary for all studies relating to population surveys, fungal ecology and mycotoxicology. Trichothecene producers exhibit enormous strain-dependent chemical diversity, which may result in variation in levels of the genotype's determining toxin and in the production of low to high amounts of atypical compounds. New high-throughput DNA-sequencing technologies promise to boost the diagnostics of mycotoxin genotypes. However, this requires a reference database containing a satisfactory taxonomic sampling of sequences showing high correlation to actually produced chemotypes. We believe that one of the most pressing current challenges of such a database is the linking of molecular identification with chemical diversity of the strains, as well as other metadata. In this study, we use the Tri12 gene involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis for identification of Tri genotypes through sequence comparison. Tri12 sequences from a range of geographically diverse fungal strains comprising 22 Fusarium species were stored in the ToxGen database, which covers descriptive and up-to-date annotations such as indication on Tri genotype and chemotype of the strains, chemical diversity, information on trichothecene-inducing host, substrate or media, geographical locality, and most recent taxonomic affiliations. The present initiative bridges the gap between the demands of comprehensive studies on trichothecene producers and the existing nucleotide sequence databases, which lack toxicological and other auxiliary data. We invite researchers working in the fields of fungal taxonomy, epidemiology and mycotoxicology to join the freely available annotation effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne D. van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC, CONICET, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología-Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jakub Sawicki
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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27
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Qiu JB, Sun JT, Yu MZ, Xu JH, Shi JR. Temporal dynamics, population characterization and mycotoxins accumulation of Fusarium graminearum in Eastern China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36350. [PMID: 27853184 PMCID: PMC5113074 DOI: 10.1038/srep36350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichothecene genotype composition, mycotoxin production, genetic diversity, and population structure were analyzed, using 185 Fusarium strains collected from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) throughout the Jiangsu province during 1976, 1983, 1998, 2006, and 2014. The results showed that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) was consistently the predominant type in this region over 40 years, and the nivalenol (NIV) type has emerged since 1998. Long-term rotation of wheat and rice (Oryza sativa L.), rather than fungicide application, crop fitness, or weather conditions, might be the main cause of this phenomenon. The genetic diversity results from two toxin synthetic genes, Pks4 and Tri10, and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers revealed the largest variance within the population in 1998, which was also the year with the highest production of mycotoxins. Population differentiation analysis indicated that major temporal population comparisons from the same area were not significantly differentiated. Our results showed that dominant species could maintain genetic stability for a long time, and Pks4 would be of utility in genetic and population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-bo Qiu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratoriky Cultivation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Yu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratoriky Cultivation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
| | - Jian-Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratoriky Cultivation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
| | - Jian-Rong Shi
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratoriky Cultivation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, China
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Kulik T, Buśko M, Bilska K, Ostrowska-Kołodziejczak A, van Diepeningen AD, Perkowski J, Stenglein S. Depicting the Discrepancy between Tri Genotype and Chemotype on the Basis of Strain CBS 139514 from a Field Population of F. graminearum Sensu Stricto from Argentina. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E330. [PMID: 27845742 PMCID: PMC5127127 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on a field population of F. graminearum sensu stricto from Argentina revealed an atypical panel of strains identified through PCR genotyping as 15ADON genotypes, but producing high levels of 3ADON. Based on representative strain CBS 139514, we asked if the discrepancy between the trichothecene genotype and chemotype might result from an inter-chemotype recombination of the chemotype-determining genes. To answer this, we sequenced the complete core Tri gene cluster (around 30,200 bp) from this strain and compared its sequence to sequence data of typical type B trichothecene genotypes/chemotypes. Sequence alignment showed that CBS 139514 has an identical sequence within the entire core Tri cluster to the 15ADON genotype. The revealed discrepancy underlines the need for using both molecular and chemical methods for reliable characterization of toxigenic strains of Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | - Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, Olsztyn 10-727, Poland.
| | | | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires-Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CICBA-INBIOTEC, CONICET), Av. República de Italia 780, Azul 7300, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Microbiología-Facultad de Agronomía de Azul-UNCPBA, Av. República de Italia 780, Azul 7300, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang H, Brankovics B, Luo W, Xu J, Xu J, Guo C, Guo J, Jin S, Chen W, Feng J, Van Diepeningen A, Van der Lee T, Waalwijk C. Crops are a main driver for species diversity and the toxigenic potential of Fusarium isolates in maize ears in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years increasing demands and the relatively low-care cultivation of the crop have resulted in an enormous expansion of the acreage of maize in China. However, particularly in China, Fusarium ear rot forms an important constraint to maize production. In this study, we showed that members of both the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and the Fusarium graminearum species complex are the causal agents of Fusarium ear rot in the main maize producing areas in China. Fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides was the most prevalent species, followed by fumonisin producing Fusarium proliferatum and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol producing F. graminearum. Both Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium boothii were identified for the first time in the colder regions in China, extending their known habitats to colder environments. Mating type analysis of the different heterothallic FFSC species, showed that both types co-occur in each sampling site suggestive of the possibility of sexual recombination. Virulence tests with F. boothii (from maize) and F. graminearum from maize or wheat showed adaptation to the host. In addition, F. graminearum seems to outcompete F. boothii in wheat-maize rotations. Based on our findings and previous studies, we conclude that wheat/maize rotation selects for F. graminearum, while a wheat/rice rotation selects for F. asiaticum. In contrast, F. boothii is selected when maize is cultivated without rotation. A higher occurrence of F. temperatum is observed on maize in colder climatological regions in China, while Fusarium meridionale seems restricted to mountain areas. Each of these species has their characteristic mycotoxin profile and deoxynivalenol and fumonisin are the potential threats to maize production in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - B. Brankovics
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94216, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J.S. Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - C. Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - J.G. Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - S.L. Jin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 730070 Lanzhou, China P.R
| | - W.Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - J. Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, 100193 Beijing, China P.R
| | - A.D. Van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T.A.J. Van der Lee
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Plant Research International, B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - C. Waalwijk
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Plant Research International, B.U. Biointeractions & Plant Health, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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Puri KD, Yan C, Leng Y, Zhong S. RNA-Seq Revealed Differences in Transcriptomes between 3ADON and 15ADON Populations of Fusarium graminearum In Vitro and In Planta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163803. [PMID: 27788144 PMCID: PMC5082872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley and wheat in North America. The fungus not only causes yield loss of the crops but also produces harmful trichothecene mycotoxins [Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives-3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and nivalenol (NIV)] that contaminate grains. Previous studies showed a dramatic increase of 3ADON-producing isolates with higher aggressiveness and DON production than the 15ADON-producing isolates in North America. However, the genetic and molecular basis of differences between the two types of isolates is unclear. In this study, we compared transcriptomes of the 3ADON and 15ADON isolates in vitro (in culture media) and in planta (during infection on the susceptible wheat cultivar 'Briggs') using RNA-sequencing. The in vitro gene expression comparison identified 479 up-regulated and 801 down-regulated genes in the 3ADON isolates; the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in C-compound and carbohydrate metabolism (18.6%), polysaccharide metabolism (7.7%) or were of unknown functions (57.6%). The in planta gene expression analysis revealed that 185, 89, and 62 genes were up-regulated in the 3ADON population at 48, 96, and 144 hours after inoculation (HAI), respectively. The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in functions for cellular import, C-compound and carbohydrate metabolism, allantoin and allantoate transport at 48 HAI, for detoxification and virulence at 96 HAI, and for metabolism of acetic acid derivatives, detoxification, and cellular import at 144 HAI. Comparative analyses of in planta versus in vitro gene expression further revealed 2,159, 1,981 and 2,095 genes up-regulated in the 3ADON isolates, and 2,415, 2,059 and 1,777 genes up-regulated in the 15ADON isolates at the three time points after inoculation. Collectively, our data provides a foundation for further understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in aggressiveness and DON production of the two chemotype isolates of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D. Puri
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Changhui Yan
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Yueqiang Leng
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
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Zhang H, Brankovics B, van der Lee TA, Waalwijk C, van Diepeningen AA, Xu J, Xu J, Chen W, Feng J. A single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genotyping assay for simultaneous detection of different carbendazim-resistant genotypes in the Fusarium graminearum species complex. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2609. [PMID: 27812414 PMCID: PMC5088611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence resistance to methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBC)-fungicides in the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is becoming a serious problem in the control of Fusarium head blight in China. The resistance is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulingene. So far, five resistant genotypes (F167Y, E198Q, E198L, E198K and F200Y) have been reported in the field. To establish a high-throughput method for rapid detection of all the five mutations simultaneously, an efficient single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genotyping method was developed based on the Luminex xMAP system. One pair of amplification primers and five allele specific primer extension probes were designed and optimized to specially distinguish the different genotypes within one single reaction. This method has good extensibility and can be combined with previous reported probes to form a highly integrated tool for species, trichothecene chemotype and MBC resistance detection. Using this method, carbendazim resistant FGSC isolates from Jiangsu, Anhui and Sichuan Province in China were identified. High and moderate frequencies of resistance were observed in Jiangsu and Anhui Province, respectively. Carbendazim resistance in F. asiaticum is only observed in the 3ADON genotype. Overall, our method proved to be useful for early detection of MBC resistance in the field and the result aids in the choice of fungicide type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo A.J. van der Lee
- Department of Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Department of Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne A.D. van Diepeningen
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qiu J, Dong F, Yu M, Xu J, Shi J. Effect of preceding crop on Fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4536-41. [PMID: 26867679 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fusarium graminearum species complex infects several cereals and causes the reduction of grain yield and quality. Many factors influence the extent of Fusarium infection and mycotoxin levels. Such factors include crop rotation. In the present study, we explored the effect of rice or maize as former crops on mycotoxin accumulation in wheat grains. RESULTS More than 97% of samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). DON concentrations in wheat grains from rice and maize rotation fields were 884.37 and 235.78 µg kg(-1) . Zearalenone (ZEN) was detected in 45% of samples which were mainly collected from maize-wheat rotation systems. Fusarium strains were isolated and more F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) isolates were cultured from wheat samples obtained from maize rotation fields. DON levels produced by Fusarium isolates from rice rotation fields were higher than those of samples from maize rotation fields. CONCLUSIONS Rice-wheat rotation favours DON accumulation, while more ZEN contamination may occur in maize-wheat rotation models. Appropriate crop rotation may help to reduce toxin levels in wheat grains. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qiu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzheng Yu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province - State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lee T, Paek JS, Lee KA, Lee S, Choi JH, Ham H, Hong SK, Ryu JG. Occurrence of Toxigenic Fusarium vorosii among Small Grain Cereals in Korea. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:407-413. [PMID: 27721690 PMCID: PMC5051559 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) causes Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals. To date, four species (F. graminearum, F. asiaticum, F. boothii, and F. meridionale ) belonging to FGSC frequently occur in Korean cereals. In addition, we first reported the occurrence of additional species (F. vorosii ) within FGSC, which was isolated from barley, corn, and rice in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the Fusarium isolates of this group using combined multi-gene sequences confirmed species identification. Moreover, the macroconidia produced by these isolates were morphologically similar to those of the F. vorosii holotype. Chemical analysis indicated that the F. vorosii isolates produced various trichothecenes such as nivalenol and deoxynivalenol with their acetyl derivatives along with zearalenone. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all of the F. vorosii isolates examined were pathogenic on barley, corn, and rice with variation in aggressiveness. This study is the first report of F. vorosii in Korean cereals, their pathogenicity towards barley and corn, and their ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Paek
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Hyeonheui Ham
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Sung Kee Hong
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jae-Gee Ryu
- Microbial Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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Pasquali M, Beyer M, Logrieco A, Audenaert K, Balmas V, Basler R, Boutigny AL, Chrpová J, Czembor E, Gagkaeva T, González-Jaén MT, Hofgaard IS, Köycü ND, Hoffmann L, Lević J, Marin P, Miedaner T, Migheli Q, Moretti A, Müller MEH, Munaut F, Parikka P, Pallez-Barthel M, Piec J, Scauflaire J, Scherm B, Stanković S, Thrane U, Uhlig S, Vanheule A, Yli-Mattila T, Vogelgsang S. A European Database of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Trichothecene Genotypes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:406. [PMID: 27092107 PMCID: PMC4821861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type B contamination in cereals. Data on the distribution of Fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in Europe are scattered in time and space. Furthermore, a common core set of related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis of factors influencing the spatial and temporal population distribution, is lacking. Consequently, based on the available data, it is difficult to identify factors influencing chemotype distribution and spread at the European level. Here we describe the results of a collaborative integrated work which aims (1) to characterize the trichothecene genotypes of strains from three Fusarium species, collected over the period 2000-2013 and (2) to enhance the standardization of epidemiological data collection. Information on host plant, country of origin, sampling location, year of sampling and previous crop of 1147 F. graminearum, 479 F. culmorum, and 3 F. cortaderiae strains obtained from 17 European countries was compiled and a map of trichothecene type B genotype distribution was plotted for each species. All information on the strains was collected in a freely accessible and updatable database (www.catalogueeu.luxmcc.lu), which will serve as a starting point for epidemiological analysis of potential spatial and temporal trichothecene genotype shifts in Europe. The analysis of the currently available European dataset showed that in F. graminearum, the predominant genotype was 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) (82.9%), followed by 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) (13.6%), and nivalenol (NIV) (3.5%). In F. culmorum, the prevalent genotype was 3-ADON (59.9%), while the NIV genotype accounted for the remaining 40.1%. Both, geographical and temporal patterns of trichothecene genotypes distribution were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Jana Chrpová
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Elżbieta Czembor
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research InstituteRadzikow, Poland
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - María T. González-Jaén
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | | | - Nagehan D. Köycü
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Namık Kemal UniversityTekirdag, Turkey
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jelena Lević
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia Marin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Miedaner
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute for Landscape BiogeochemistryMüncheberg, Germany
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Päivi Parikka
- Department Natural Resources and Bioproduction, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Marine Pallez-Barthel
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Piec
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Slavica Stanković
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Section for Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary InstituteOslo, Norway
| | - Adriaan Vanheule
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Research Division Grassland Sciences and Agro-Ecosystems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, AgroscopeZürich, Switzerland
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Schmeitzl C, Varga E, Warth B, Kugler KG, Malachová A, Michlmayr H, Wiesenberger G, Mayer KFX, Mewes HW, Krska R, Schuhmacher R, Berthiller F, Adam G. Identification and Characterization of Carboxylesterases from Brachypodium distachyon Deacetylating Trichothecene Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 8:E6. [PMID: 26712789 PMCID: PMC4728528 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing frequencies of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON)-producing strains of Fusarium graminearum (3-ADON chemotype) have been reported in North America and Asia. 3-ADON is nearly nontoxic at the level of the ribosomal target and has to be deacetylated to cause inhibition of protein biosynthesis. Plant cells can efficiently remove the acetyl groups of 3-ADON, but the underlying genes are yet unknown. We therefore performed a study of the family of candidate carboxylesterases (CXE) genes of the monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon. We report the identification and characterization of the first plant enzymes responsible for deacetylation of trichothecene toxins. The product of the BdCXE29 gene efficiently deacetylates T-2 toxin to HT-2 toxin, NX-2 to NX-3, both 3-ADON and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) into deoxynivalenol and, to a lesser degree, also fusarenon X into nivalenol. The BdCXE52 esterase showed lower activity than BdCXE29 when expressed in yeast and accepts 3-ADON, NX-2, 15-ADON and, to a limited extent, fusarenon X as substrates. Expression of these Brachypodium genes in yeast increases the toxicity of 3-ADON, suggesting that highly similar genes existing in crop plants may act as susceptibility factors in Fusarium head blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schmeitzl
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Karl G Kugler
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Malachová
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Herbert Michlmayr
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Gerlinde Wiesenberger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Werner Mewes
- Genome oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Am Forum 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Liang J, Lofgren L, Ma Z, Ward TJ, Kistler HC. Population Subdivision of Fusarium graminearum from Barley and Wheat in the Upper Midwestern United States at the Turn of the Century. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 105:1466-1474. [PMID: 26107972 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-15-0021-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley, is one of the most economically destructive pathogens of these grains worldwide. Recent population genetic studies of the pathogen obtained from wheat in North America supported population subdivision in part correlated with the spectrum of trichothecene mycotoxins (chemotype) produced by individuals within each population. In contrast, a recent study of F. graminearum obtained from diseased barley in the upper Midwestern United States concluded that only a single population was present, consisting of individuals with various chemotypes. To test whether strains derived from different hosts potentially have different population dynamics, we obtained the barley strains used in the previous study and compared them with wheat strains isolated at a similar time and geographic origin. A total of 247 F. graminearum isolates from barley were assigned firmly into two clusters using a Bayesian clustering method. Subdivision within the barley population corresponded to the previously described NA1 (correlated with the 15ADON chemotype) and NA2 (correlated with the 3ADON chemotype) populations from wheat. However, in both sampling periods the barley population exhibited a higher level of genetic differentiation between NA1 and NA2 populations, fewer admixed individuals and evidence of unidirectional gene introgression (15ADON strains with NA2 genetic backgrounds). These results suggest less recombination between NA1 and NA2 populations on barley compared with wheat. The frequency of 3ADON chemotype strains in the most recently surveyed barley population suggests a latitudinal cline from the northern (49%), central (40%) to the southern (29%) sampling area. The potential to produce a novel trichothecene, 3α-acetoxy,7α,15-dihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothe-9-ene (NX-2), was not detected in the barley population but occurred at a low rate (2.4%) in the wheat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liang
- First and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 100193; first, second, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth author: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria IL 61604; and fifth author: USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Lotus Lofgren
- First and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 100193; first, second, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth author: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria IL 61604; and fifth author: USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Zhanhong Ma
- First and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 100193; first, second, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth author: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria IL 61604; and fifth author: USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - Todd J Ward
- First and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 100193; first, second, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth author: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria IL 61604; and fifth author: USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - H Corby Kistler
- First and third authors: Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 100193; first, second, and fifth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth author: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria IL 61604; and fifth author: USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Kelly AC, Clear RM, O'Donnell K, McCormick S, Turkington TK, Tekauz A, Gilbert J, Kistler HC, Busman M, Ward TJ. Diversity of Fusarium head blight populations and trichothecene toxin types reveals regional differences in pathogen composition and temporal dynamics. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 82:22-31. [PMID: 26127017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of genetic diversity, trichothecene genotype composition, and population structure were conducted using 4086 Fusarium graminearum isolates collected from wheat in eight Canadian provinces over a three year period between 2005 and 2007. The results revealed substantial regional differences in Fusarium head blight pathogen composition and temporal population dynamics. The 3ADON trichothecene type consistently predominated in Maritime provinces (91%) over the sampled years, and increased significantly (P<0.05) between 2005 and 2007 in western Canada, accounting for 66% of the isolates in Manitoba by the end of the sampling period. In contrast, 3ADON frequency was lower (22%, P<0.001) in the eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Québec and did not change significantly between 2005 and 2007, resulting in two distinct longitudinal clines in 3ADON frequency across Canada. Overall, genetic structure was correlated with toxin type, as the endemic population (NA1) was dominated by 15ADON isolates (86%), whereas a second population (NA2) consisted largely of 3ADON isolates (88%). However, the percentage of isolates with trichothecene genotypes that were not predictive of their genetic population assignment (recombinant genotypes) increased from 10% in 2005 to 17% in 2007, indicating that trichothecene type became an increasingly unreliable marker of population identity over time. In addition, there were substantial regional differences in the composition of recombinant genotypes. In western and maritime provinces, NA2 isolates with 15ADON genotypes were significantly more common than NA1 isolates with 3ADON genotypes (P<0.001), and the reverse was true in the eastern provinces of Québec and Ontario. Temporal trends in recombinant genotype composition also varied regionally, as the percentage of 15ADON isolates with NA2 genetic backgrounds increased approximately three fold in western and Maritime provinces, while the opposite trends were observed in Québec and Ontario. The results indicate that F. graminearum population dynamics in Canada have been influenced by a complex adaptive landscape comprising different regional selective pressures, and do not reflect a simple model of dispersal and integration following the introduction of a novel pathogen population. In addition, we identified F. graminearum strains that produce the recently discovered A-trichothecene mycotoxin (NX-2) for the first time in Canada, representing a significant expansion of the known range of NX-2 producing strains in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Kelly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | | | - Kerry O'Donnell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Susan McCormick
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - T Kelly Turkington
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Andy Tekauz
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeannie Gilbert
- Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9, Canada
| | - H Corby Kistler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1551 Lindig Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark Busman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Todd J Ward
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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van der Lee T, Zhang H, van Diepeningen A, Waalwijk C. Biogeography of Fusarium graminearum species complex and chemotypes: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:453-60. [PMID: 25530109 PMCID: PMC4376211 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.984244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the geographic distribution of distinct trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat and barley were first recorded two decades ago. The different toxicological properties of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their acetylated derivatives require careful monitoring of the dynamics of these mycotoxins and their producers. The phylogenetic species concept has become a valuable tool to study the global occurrence of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species. This has revolutionised our views on the terrestrial distribution of trichothecene-producing Fusaria in the context of agronomics, climatic conditions, and human interference by the global trade and exchange of agricultural commodities. This paper presents an overview of the dynamics of the different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species as well as their chemotypes and genotypes across different continents. Clearly not one global population exists, but separate ones can be distinguished, sometimes even sympatric in combination with different hosts. A population with more pathogenic strains and chemotypes can replace another. Several displacement events appear to find their origin in the inadvertent introduction of new genotypes into new regions: 3-acetyl-DON-producing F. graminearum in Canada; 3-acetyl-DON-producing F. asiaticum in Eastern China; 15-acetyl-DON F. graminearum in Uruguay; and NIV-producing F asiaticum in the southern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo van der Lee
- Plant Research International Wageningen UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cees Waalwijk
- Plant Research International Wageningen UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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The Fusarium graminearum genome reveals more secondary metabolite gene clusters and hints of horizontal gene transfer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110311. [PMID: 25333987 PMCID: PMC4198257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes are of major interest due to the pharmacological properties of their products (like mycotoxins and antibiotics). The genome of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum codes for a large number of candidate enzymes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. However, the chemical nature of most enzymatic products of proteins encoded by putative secondary metabolism biosynthetic genes is largely unknown. Based on our analysis we present 67 gene clusters with significant enrichment of predicted secondary metabolism related enzymatic functions. 20 gene clusters with unknown metabolites exhibit strong gene expression correlation in planta and presumably play a role in virulence. Furthermore, the identification of conserved and over-represented putative transcription factor binding sites serves as additional evidence for cluster co-regulation. Orthologous cluster search provided insight into the evolution of secondary metabolism clusters. Some clusters are characteristic for the Fusarium phylum while others show evidence of horizontal gene transfer as orthologs can be found in representatives of the Botrytis or Cochliobolus lineage. The presented candidate clusters provide valuable targets for experimental examination.
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Pasquali M, Migheli Q. Genetic approaches to chemotype determination in type B-trichothecene producing Fusaria. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:164-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Qiu J, Shi J. Genetic relationships, carbendazim sensitivity and mycotoxin production of the Fusarium graminearum populations from maize, wheat and rice in eastern China. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2291-309. [PMID: 25093387 PMCID: PMC4147583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) are important pathogens on wheat, maize, barley, and rice in China. Harvested grains are often contaminated by mycotoxins, such as the trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN), which is a big threat to humans and animals. In this study, 97 isolates were collected from maize, wheat, and rice in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in 2013 and characterized by species- and chemotype-specific PCR. F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) was predominant on maize, while most of the isolates collected from rice and wheat were identified as F. asiaticum. Fusarium isolates from three hosts varied in trichothecene chemotypes. The 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype predominated on wheat and rice population, while 15ADON was prevailing in the remaining isolates. Sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor 1α and trichodiene synthase indicated the accuracy of the above conclusion. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis suggested four groups with strong correlation with species, chemotype, and host. These isolates were also evaluated for their sensitivity to carbendazim and mycotoxins production. The maize population was less sensitive than the other two. The DON levels were similar in three populations, while those isolates on maize produced more ZEN. More DON was produced in carbendazim resistant strains than sensitive ones, but it seemed that carbendazim resistance had no effect on ZEN production in wheat culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture; Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture; Key Lab of Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Al-Taweel K, Fernando WGD, Brûlé-Babel AL. Transcriptome profiling of wheat differentially expressed genes exposed to different chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:1703-1718. [PMID: 24893796 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study is an overview of the behavior of the wheat transcriptome to the Fusarium graminearum fungus using two different chemotypes. The transcriptome profiles of seven putative differentially expressed defense-related genes were identified by SSH and further examined using qPCR. Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by several species of the fungus fusarium, is important in all wheat growing regions worldwide. The most dominant species in Canada is Fusarium graminearum (Fg). F. graminearum isolates producing mycotoxins such as 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the different chemotypes of Fg on the transcriptome pattern of expressed wheat genes. A cDNA library was constructed from infected "Sumai 3" spikes harvested at different times after inoculation with a macroconidia suspension. Employing suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), the subtracted cDNA library was differentially screened by dot-blot hybridization. Thirty-one clones were identified; one was isolated and characterized, and transcriptome profiling of seven up-regulated putative defense-related genes was performed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. These genes may be involved in the wheat-pathogen interactions revealing transcript accumulation differences between the non-diseased, 3ADON-, and 15ADON-infected plants. Additionally, significant differences in gene expression were observed between 3ADON- and 15ADON-infected plants which highlight the significance of a particular chemotype in FHB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Taweel
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada,
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Beyer M, Pogoda F, Pallez M, Lazic J, Hoffmann L, Pasquali M. Evidence for a reversible drought induced shift in the species composition of mycotoxin producing Fusarium head blight pathogens isolated from symptomatic wheat heads. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 182-183:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scherm B, Balmas V, Spanu F, Pani G, Delogu G, Pasquali M, Migheli Q. Fusarium culmorum: causal agent of foot and root rot and head blight on wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:323-41. [PMID: 23279114 PMCID: PMC6638779 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fusarium culmorum is a ubiquitous soil-borne fungus able to cause foot and root rot and Fusarium head blight on different small-grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. It causes significant yield and quality losses and results in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins. This review summarizes recent research activities related to F. culmorum, including studies into its population diversity, mycotoxin biosynthesis, mechanisms of pathogenesis and resistance, the development of diagnostic tools and preliminary genome sequence surveys. We also propose potential research areas that may expand our basic understanding of the wheat-F. culmorum interaction and assist in the management of the disease caused by this pathogen. TAXONOMY Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) Sacc. Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Sordariomycetes; Subclass Hypocreomycetidae; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; Genus Fusarium. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Foot and root rot (also known as Fusarium crown rot): seedling blight with death of the plant before or after emergence; brown discoloration on roots and coleoptiles of the infected seedlings; brown discoloration on subcrown internodes and on the first two/three internodes of the main stem; tiller abortion; formation of whiteheads with shrivelled white grains; Fusarium head blight: prematurely bleached spikelets or blighting of the entire head, which remains empty or contains shrunken dark kernels. IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION: Morphological identification is based on the shape of the macroconidia formed on sporodochia on carnation leaf agar. The conidiophores are branched monophialides, short and wide. The macroconidia are relatively short and stout with an apical cell blunt or slightly papillate; the basal cell is foot-shaped or just notched. Macroconidia are thick-walled and curved, usually 3-5 septate, and mostly measuring 30-50 × 5.0-7.5 μm. Microconidia are absent. Oval to globose chlamydospores are formed, intercalary in the hyphae, solitary, in chains or in clumps; they are also formed from macroconidia. The colony grows very rapidly (1.6-2.2 cm/day) on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at the optimum temperature of 25 °C. The mycelium on PDA is floccose, whitish, light yellow or red. The pigment on the reverse plate on PDA varies from greyish-rose, carmine red or burgundy. A wide array of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR tools, as well as complementary methods, which are summarised in the first two tables, have been developed for the detection and/or quantification of F. culmorum in culture and in naturally infected plant tissue. HOST RANGE Fusarium culmorum has a wide range of host plants, mainly cereals, such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn, sorghum and various grasses. In addition, it has been isolated from sugar beet, flax, carnation, bean, pea, asparagus, red clover, hop, leeks, Norway spruce, strawberry and potato tuber. Fusarium culmorum has also been associated with dermatitis on marram grass planters in the Netherlands, although its role as a causal agent of skin lesions appears questionable. It is also isolated as a symbiont able to confer resistance to abiotic stress, and has been proposed as a potential biocontrol agent to control the aquatic weed Hydrilla spp. USEFUL WEBSITES http://isolate.fusariumdb.org/; http://sppadbase.ipp.cnr.it/; http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/fusarium_group/MultiHome.html; http://www.fgsc.net/Fusarium/fushome.htm; http://plantpath.psu.edu/facilities/fusarium-research-center; http://www.phi-base.org/; http://www.uniprot.org/; http://www.cabi.org/; http://www.indexfungorum.org/
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scherm
- Dipartimento di Agraria-Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Centro Interdisciplinare per lo Sviluppo della Ricerca Biotecnologica e per lo Studio della Biodiversità della Sardegna e dell'Area Mediterranea, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Suzuki T, Kim YK, Yoshioka H, Iwahashi Y. Regulation of metabolic products and gene expression in Fusarium asiaticum by agmatine addition. Mycotoxin Res 2013; 29:103-11. [PMID: 23371887 PMCID: PMC3624000 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-013-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic products resulting from the cultivation of F. asiaticum in agmatine were identified using capillary electrophoresis–time of flight mass spectrometry. Glyoxylic acid was detected from fungal cultures grown in agmatine, while it was absent in control cells. The abundance of other metabolic products of the glycolytic pathway also increased because of agmatine; however, there was no increase in the amounts of pyruvic acid or metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, gene expression levels within Fusarium asiaticum exposed to agmatine were analyzed by DNA microarray. Changes in gene expression levels directed the changes in metabolic products. Our results suggest that acetyl coenzyme A, which is a starting substrate for the biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON), was simultaneously produced by activated β-oxidation. Furthermore, the content of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) was increased in the agmatine addition culture medium. GABA can be synthesized from agmatine through putrescine and might influence the regulation of DON-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Suzuki
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Puri KD, Saucedo ES, Zhong S. Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens Sampled from a Naturally Infected Disease Nursery Used for Wheat Breeding Programs in China. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:1280-1285. [PMID: 30727155 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-11-0713-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat and barley worldwide. The disease is primarily caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex, consisting of at least 14 phylogenetically distinct species. To determine the population structure of the FHB pathogens in a naturally infected disease nursery located at Jianyang, Fujian province, China, 160 isolates of the F. graminearum complex were recovered from symptomatic wheat spike samples collected in two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) and characterized using species- and chemotype-specific polymerase chain reaction as well as variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers. All isolates analyzed were identified as F. asiaticum except for one isolate, which was identified as F. avenaceum. Among the 159 F. asiaticum isolates, 126 (79%) isolates were of the nivalenol (NIV) type while 29 (18%) isolates were of the 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol type and only 4 (3%) isolates were of the 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type. The 10 VNTR markers revealed 124 distinct haplotypes and 76 polymorphic alleles across the whole population. The two subpopulations (FA-08 and FA-09) grouped based on the year of collection exhibited low genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.032) and high gene flow (Nm = 15.13). However, a significant genetic differentiation was found within the NIV-type isolates as revealed by the Structure software. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium tests did not support the hypothesis of random mating in the population because half (48.8%) of the locus pairs showed a linkage disequilibrium (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that FHB in this nursery was caused by a genetically homogenous and non-random mating population of F. asiaticum in 2008 and 2009, which consisted of all three trichothecene types with various levels of aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Puri
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - E S Saucedo
- Department of Microbiology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011
| | - S Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University
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Talas F, Würschum T, Reif JC, Parzies HK, Miedaner T. Association of single nucleotide polymorphic sites in candidate genes with aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium graminearum causing wheat head blight. BMC Genet 2012; 13:14. [PMID: 22409447 PMCID: PMC3361471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) is an ubiquitous pathogen of cereals. The economic impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) is characterized by crop losses and mycotoxin contamination. Our objective was to associate SNP diversity within candidate genes with phenotypic traits. A total of 77 F. graminearum s.s. isolates was tested for severity of fungal infection (= aggressiveness) and deoxynivalenol (DON) production in an inoculated field experiment at two locations in each of two years. For seven genes known to control fungal growth (MetAP1, Erf2) or DON production (TRI1, TRI5, TRI6 TRI10 and TRI14) single nucleotides polymorphic sites (SNPs) were determined and evaluated for the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Associations of SNPs with both phenotypic traits were tested using linear mixed models. RESULTS Decay of LD was in most instances fast. Two neighboring SNPs in MetAP1 and one SNP in Erf2 were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with aggressiveness explaining proportions of genotypic variance (pG) of 25.6%, 0.5%, and 13.1%, respectively. One SNP in TRI1 was significantly associated with DON production (pG = 4.4). CONCLUSIONS We argue that using the published sequence information of Fusarium graminearum as a template to amplify comparative sequence parts of candidate genes is an effective method to detect quantitative trait loci. Our findings underline the potential of candidate gene association mapping approaches to identify functional SNPs underlying aggressiveness and DON production for F. graminearum s.s populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Talas
- Universitaet Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Institute (720), Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
- National Commission of Biotechnology (NCBT), P. O. Box. 31902, Damascus, Syria
| | - Tobias Würschum
- Universitaet Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Institute (720), Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen C Reif
- Universitaet Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Institute (720), Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko K Parzies
- Universitaet Hohenheim (350), Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science & Population Genetics, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Miedaner
- Universitaet Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Institute (720), Fruwirthstr. 21, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhang H, Van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, Chen W, Xu J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Feng J. Population analysis of the Fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in China show a shift to more aggressive isolates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31722. [PMID: 22363714 PMCID: PMC3282776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of Fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes originating from 175 sampling sites, covering 15 provinces in China. Species and trichothecene chemotype determination by multilocus genotyping (MLGT) indicated that F. graminearum s. str. with the 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype and F. asiaticum with either the nivalenol (NIV) or the 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype were the dominant causal agents. Bayesian model-based clustering with allele data obtained with 12 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) markers, detected three genetic clusters that also show distinct chemotypes. High levels of population genetic differentiation and low levels of effective number of migrants were observed between these three clusters. Additional genotypic analyses revealed that F. graminearum s. str. and F. asiaticum are sympatric. In addition, composition analysis of these clusters indicated a biased gene flow from 3ADON to NIV producers in F. asiaticum. In phenotypic analyses, F. asiaticum that produce 3ADON revealed significant advantages over F. asiaticum that produce NIV in pathogenicity, growth rate, fecundity, conidial length, trichothecene accumulation and resistance to benzimidazole. These results suggest that natural selection drives the spread of a more vigorous, more toxigenic pathogen population which also shows higher levels of fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
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Talas F, Kalih R, Miedaner T. Within-field variation of Fusarium graminearum isolates for aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production in wheat head blight. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 102:128-34. [PMID: 22165985 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-11-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), causes tremendous annual yield losses in wheat worldwide. Variation of aggressiveness of isolates from individual field populations in terms of FHB infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the host are important population parameters reflecting parasitic ability. Our main objective was to estimate the variation of both traits within three populations of F. graminearum s.s., each consisting of 30 single-spore isolates collected from small wheat fields in Germany, and to compare it with 11 isolates of a collection (F. graminearum collection) from four countries. The same isolates were characterized using 19 single-sequence repeat markers. All isolates were spray inoculated on a moderately resistant spring wheat cultivar at two field locations over 2 years (i.e., in four environments). The genotypic proportion of phenotypic variance (σ(2)(G)) within populations was significant (P < 0.01) for both traits, and the σ(2)(G) × environment interaction was even more important for mean FHB severity. Ranges in mean FHB severity and DON concentration in the host were only slightly smaller for the field populations than for the F. graminearum collection. Both traits were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated within and across populations. A further partitioning of σ(2)(G) revealed 72% of σ(2)(G) within and 28% of σ(2)(G) across populations for both traits. Molecular variance of the three populations was similarly distributed (73.6% within versus 26.4% between populations). In view of this high within-field variation for traits of parasitic ability and selection, neutral molecular markers, multiple resistance genes of different origin should be employed in wheat breeding programs to obtain a long-term stable FHB resistance.
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Sarver BAJ, Ward TJ, Gale LR, Broz K, Kistler HC, Aoki T, Nicholson P, Carter J, O'Donnell K. Novel Fusarium head blight pathogens from Nepal and Louisiana revealed by multilocus genealogical concordance. Fungal Genet Biol 2011; 48:1096-107. [PMID: 22004876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess evolutionary relationships, species diversity and trichothecene toxin potential of five Fusarium graminearum complex (FGSC) isolates identified as genetically novel during prior Fusarium head blight (FHB) surveys in Nepal and Louisiana. Results of a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for B-trichothecene species determination indicated these isolates might represent novel species within the FGSC. GCPSR-based phylogenetic analyses of a 12-gene dataset, comprising portions of seven loci totaling 13.1 kb of aligned DNA sequence data, provided strong support for the genealogical exclusivity of the Nepalese and Louisianan isolates. Accordingly, both species are formally recognized herein as novel FGSC species. Fusarium nepalense was resolved as the sister lineage of Fusarium ussurianum+Fusarium asiaticum within an Asian subclade of the FGSC. Fusarium louisianense was strongly supported as a reciprocally monophyletic sister of Fusarium gerlachii+F. graminearum, suggesting that this subclade might be endemic to North America. Multilocus Bayesian species tree analyses augment these results and provide evidence for a distinct lineage within F. graminearum predominately from the Gulf Coast of Louisiana. As predicted by the MLGT assay, mycotoxin analyses demonstrated that F. nepalense and F. louisianense could produce 15ADON and nivalenol, respectively, in planta. In addition, both species were only able to induce mild FHB symptoms on wheat in pathogenicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A J Sarver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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