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Roach CM, Mayorga EJ, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Keating AF. Heat stress alters the ovarian proteome in prepubertal gilts. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae053. [PMID: 38605681 PMCID: PMC11025630 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) occurs when exogenous and metabolic heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation; a thermal imbalance that compromises female reproduction. This study investigated the hypothesis that HS alters the ovarian proteome and negatively impacts proteins engaged with insulin signaling, inflammation, and ovarian function. Prepubertal gilts (n = 19) were assigned to one of three environmental groups: thermal neutral with ad libitum feed intake (TN; n = 6), thermal neutral pair-fed (PF; n = 6), or HS (n = 7). For 7 d, HS gilts were exposed to 12-h cyclic temperatures of 35.0 ± 0.2 °C and 32.2 ± 0.1 °C, while TN and PF gilts were housed at 21.0 ± 0.1 °C. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on ovarian protein homogenates. Relative to TN gilts, 178 proteins were altered (P ≤ 0.05, log2foldchange ≥ 1) by HS, with 76 increased and 102 decreased. STRING gene ontology classified and identified 45 biological processes including those associated with chaperone protein refolding, cytoplasmic translational initiation, and immune activation; with a protein-protein interaction web network of 158 nodes and 563 edges connected based on protein function (FDR ≤ 0.05). Relative to PF, HS altered 330 proteins (P ≤ 0.05, log2foldchange ≥ 1), with 151 increased and 179 decreased. Fifty-seven biological pathways associated with protein function and assembly, RNA processing, and metabolic processes were identified, with a protein-protein interaction network of 303 nodes and 1,606 edges. Comparing HS with both the TN and PF treatments, 72 ovarian proteins were consistently altered by HS with 68 nodes and 104 edges, with biological pathways associated with translation and gene expression. This indicates that HS alters the ovarian proteome and multiple biological pathways and systems in prepubertal gilts; changes that potentially contribute to female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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2
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Inhibition effect of 1-acetoxy-6α-(2-methylbutyryl)eriolanolide toward soluble epoxide hydrolase: Multispectral analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, biochemical, and in vitro cell-based studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123911. [PMID: 36878397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) serves as a potential target in inflammation-related diseases. Based on the bioactivity-guided separation, a new sesquiterpenoid inulajaponoid A (1) was isolated from Inula japonica with a sEH inhibitory effect, together with five known compounds, such as 1-O-acetyl-6-O-isobutyrylbritannilactone (2), 6β-hydroxytomentosin (3), 1β,8β-dihydroxyeudesma-4(15),11(13)-dien-12,6α-olide (4), (4S,6S,7S,8R)-1-O-acetyl-6-O-(3-methylvaleryloxy)-britannilactone (5), and 1-acetoxy-6α-(2-methylbutyryl)eriolanolide (6). Among them, compounds 1 and 6 were assigned as mixed and uncompetitive inhibitors, respectively. The result of immunoprecipitation (IP)-MS demonstrated the specific binding of compound 6 to sEH in the complex system, which was further confirmed by the fluorescence-based binding assay showing its equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd = 2.43 μM). The detail molecular stimulation revealed the mechanism of action of compound 6 with sEH through the hydrogen bond of amino acid residue Gln384. Furthermore, this natural sEH inhibitor (6) could suppress the MAPK/NF-κB activation to regulate inflammatory mediators, such as NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, which confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of inhibition of sEH by 6. These findings provided a useful insight to develop sEH inhibitors upon the sesquiterpenoids.
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3
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Boldt C, Röschel T, Himmerkus N, Plain A, Bleich M, Labes R, Blum M, Krause H, Magheli A, Giesecke T, Mutig K, Rothe M, Weldon SM, Dragun D, Schunck WH, Bachmann S, Paliege A. Vasopressin lowers renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels by activating soluble epoxide hydrolase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1198-F1210. [PMID: 27681558 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00062.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the thick ascending limb (TAL) Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) by the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is an essential mechanism of renal urine concentration and contributes to extracellular fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. AVP effects in the kidney are modulated by locally and/or by systemically produced epoxyeicosatrienoic acid derivates (EET). The relation between AVP and EET metabolism has not been determined. Here, we show that chronic treatment of AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats with the AVP V2 receptor analog desmopressin (dDAVP; 5 ng/h, 3 days) significantly lowered renal EET levels (-56 ± 3% for 5,6-EET, -50 ± 3.4% for 11,12-EET, and -60 ± 3.7% for 14,15-EET). The abundance of the principal EET-degrading enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was increased at the mRNA (+160 ± 37%) and protein levels (+120 ± 26%). Immunohistochemistry revealed dDAVP-mediated induction of sEH in connecting tubules and cortical and medullary collecting ducts, suggesting a role of these segments in the regulation of local interstitial EET signals. Incubation of murine kidney cell suspensions with 1 μM 14,15-EET for 30 min reduced phosphorylation of NKCC2 at the AVP-sensitive threonine residues T96 and T101 (-66 ± 5%; P < 0.05), while 14,15-DHET had no effect. Concomitantly, isolated perfused cortical thick ascending limb pretreated with 14,15-EET showed a 30% lower transport current under high and a 70% lower transport current under low symmetric chloride concentrations. In summary, we have shown that activation of AVP signaling stimulates renal sEH biosynthesis and enzyme activity. The resulting reduction of EET tissue levels may be instrumental for increased NKCC2 transport activity during AVP-induced antidiuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Boldt
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Röschel
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Department of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Allein Plain
- Department of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Department of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Labes
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Blum
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Krause
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Magheli
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Giesecke
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Steven M Weldon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Department of Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and .,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Nteeba J, Ross JW, Perfield JW, Keating AF. High fat diet induced obesity alters ovarian phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:68-77. [PMID: 23954404 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin regulates ovarian phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 K) signaling, important for primordial follicle viability and growth activation. This study investigated diet-induced obesity impacts on: (1) insulin receptor (Insr) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1); (2) PI3K components (Kit ligand (Kitlg), kit (c-Kit), protein kinase B alpha (Akt1) and forkhead transcription factor subfamily 3 (Foxo3a)); (3) xenobiotic biotransformation (microsomal epoxide hydrolase (Ephx1), Cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (Cyp2e1), Glutathione S-transferase (Gst) isoforms mu (Gstm) and pi (Gstp)) and (4) microRNA's 184, 205, 103 and 21 gene expression. INSR, GSTM and GSTP protein levels were also measured. Obese mouse ovaries had decreased Irs1, Foxo3a, Cyp2e1, MiR-103, and MiR-21 but increased Kitlg, Akt1, and miR-184 levels relative to lean littermates. These results support that diet-induced obesity potentially impairs ovarian function through aberrant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nteeba
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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5
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Harris TR, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase: gene structure, expression and deletion. Gene 2013; 526:61-74. [PMID: 23701967 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts epoxides to their corresponding diols through the addition of a water molecule. sEH readily hydrolyzes lipid signaling molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxidized lipids produced from arachidonic acid by the action of cytochrome p450s. Through its metabolism of the EETs and other lipid mediators, sEH contributes to the regulation of vascular tone, nociception, angiogenesis and the inflammatory response. Because of its central physiological role in disease states such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, hypertension, and pain sEH is being investigated as a therapeutic target. This review begins with a brief introduction to sEH protein structure and function. sEH evolution and gene structure are then discussed before human small nucleotide polymorphisms and mammalian gene expression are described in the context of several disease models. The review ends with an overview of studies that have employed the sEH knockout mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Decker M, Arand M, Cronin A. Mammalian epoxide hydrolases in xenobiotic metabolism and signalling. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:297-318. [PMID: 19340413 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases catalyse the hydrolysis of electrophilic--and therefore potentially genotoxic--epoxides to the corresponding less reactive vicinal diols, which explains the classification of epoxide hydrolases as typical detoxifying enzymes. The best example is mammalian microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH)-an enzyme prone to detoxification-due to a high expression level in the liver, a broad substrate selectivity, as well as inducibility by foreign compounds. The mEH is capable of inactivating a large number of structurally different, highly reactive epoxides and hence is an important part of the enzymatic defence of our organism against adverse effects of foreign compounds. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that mammalian epoxide hydrolases play physiological roles other than detoxification, particularly through involvement in signalling processes. This certainly holds true for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) whose main function seems to be the turnover of lipid derived epoxides, which are signalling lipids with diverse functions in regulatory processes, such as control of blood pressure, inflammatory processes, cell proliferation and nociception. In recent years, the sEH has attracted attention as a promising target for pharmacological inhibition to treat hypertension and possibly other diseases. Recently, new hitherto uncharacterised epoxide hydrolases could be identified in mammals by genome analysis. The expression pattern and substrate selectivity of these new epoxide hydrolases suggests their participation in signalling processes rather than a role in detoxification. Taken together, epoxide hydrolases (1) play a central role in the detoxification of genotoxic epoxides and (2) have an important function in the regulation of physiological processes by the control of signalling molecules with an epoxide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Decker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Winterthurer Str. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Roberts SJ, Owen HC, Farquharson C. Identification of a novel splice variant of the haloacid dehalogenase: PHOSPHO1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:872-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Gerry Brooks and epoxide hydrolases: four decades to a pharmaceutical. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2008; 64:594-609. [PMID: 18383502 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering work of Gerry Brooks on cyclodiene insecticides led to the discovery of a class of enzymes known as epoxide hydrolases. The results from four decades of work confirm Brooks' first observations that the microsomal epoxide hydrolase is important in foreign compound metabolism. Brooks and associates went on to be the first to carry out a systematic study of the inhibition of this enzyme. A second role for this enzyme family was in the degradation of insect juvenile hormone (JH). JH epoxide hydrolases have now been cloned and expressed from several species, and there is interest in developing inhibitors for them. Interestingly, the distantly related mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase has emerged as a promising pharmacological target for treating hypertension, inflammatory disease and pain. Tight-binding transition-state inhibitors were developed with good ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion). These compounds stabilize endogenous epoxides of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, which have profound therapeutic effects. Now EHs from microorganisms and plants are used in green chemistry. From his seminal work, Dr Brooks opened the field of epoxide hydrolase research in many directions including xenobiotic metabolism, insect physiology and human health, as well as asymmetric organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and UCD, Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Tanaka H, Kamita SG, Wolf NM, Harris TR, Wu Z, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Transcriptional regulation of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase gene EPHX2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2007; 1779:17-27. [PMID: 18078836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a multifunctional protein encoded by the EPHX2 gene. The biological functions and enzyme kinetics of sEH have been extensively investigated, however, little is known about its transcriptional regulation and mechanisms of tissue specific expression. Here, a luciferase gene based reporter assay was used to identify the minimal promoter and cis regulatory elements of EPHX2. The minimal promoter was identified as a GC-rich region between nts -374 and +28 with respect to the putative transcriptional start site. A reporter plasmid carrying this minimal promoter showed higher or similar activities in comparison to a reporter plasmid carrying nts -5,974 to +28 of EPHX2 in 9 human cell lines that were tested. Sp1 binding sites that are involved in augmenting the minimal promoter activity of EPHX2 were identified by nested deletion analysis, site-specific mutation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanaka
- Department of Entomology and the Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Chiamvimonvat N, Ho CM, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD. The soluble epoxide hydrolase as a pharmaceutical target for hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 50:225-37. [PMID: 17878749 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181506445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase appears to be a promising target for the development of antihypertensive therapies based on a previously unexplored mechanism of action. Epoxide hydrolases are enzymes that add water to three membered cyclic ethers known as epoxides. The soluble epoxide hydrolase in mammalian systems (sEH) is a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family of enzymes and it shows a high degree of selectivity for epoxides of fatty acids. The regioisomeric epoxides of arachidonic acid or epoxyeicosanoids (EETs) are particularly good substrates. These EETs appear to be major components of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). As such, EETs cause vasodilation and reduce blood pressure. The EETs also are strongly anti-inflammatory and analgesic. By inhibiting sEH, the increase in circulating EETs leads to a reduction in blood pressure in a number of animal models. Potent transition state mimic inhibitors have been developed for the sEH. Some of these sEH inhibitors (sEHIs) show nanomolar to picomolar potency and good pharmacokinetic properties. Because of their unique mode of action they show promise in treating hypertension while reducing problems with end organ failure, vascular inflammation and diabetes. Indeed, the anti-inflammatory properties of the sEHI may make them particularly suitable for treating hypertension in patients with other concomitant metabolic syndromes. They are more potent on a molar basis than most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in reducing PGE2 in inflammation models, they strongly synergize with NSAIDs, and appear to ameliorate apparently unfavorable eicosanoid profiles associated with some cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Shkolnik K, Ben-Dor S, Galiani D, Hourvitz A, Dekel N. A novel ovary-specific and ovulation-associated variant of epoxide hydrolase 2. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4891-8. [PMID: 17900570 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovulation is a complex process initiated by the surge of the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) that provokes the expression of specific genes. We report herein the isolation and characterization of an ovulation-associated, ovary-specific novel isoform of epoxide hydrolase 2 (Ephx2), Ephx2C. This variant is exclusively expressed in the granulosa cells of preovulatory mouse ovarian follicles. The LH-induced expression of Ephx2C is mediated by the protein kinase A and partially by the protein kinase C signaling pathways. The involvement of p38 kinase has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketty Shkolnik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Irusta G, Murphy MJ, Perez WD, Hennebold JD. Dynamic expression of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes in the primate corpus luteum. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:541-8. [PMID: 17567599 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gam044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs), produced from arachidonic acid via cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, ion transport and steroidogenesis. EpETrE actions are regulated through their metabolism to diols (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids; DiHETrE) via the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2). We set out to determine, therefore, whether EpETrE generating (epoxygenases CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2J2, 1A2 and 3A4) and metabolizing (EPHX2) enzymes are expressed in the primate corpus luteum (CL). CL were isolated from rhesus macaques during the early (day 3-5 post-LH surge), mid (day 6-8), mid-late (day 10-12), late (day 14-16) and very-late (day 17-19: menses) luteal phase of natural menstrual cycles. EPHX2 mRNA levels peaked in mid-late CL (5-fold when compared with early CL, P<0.05) and remained elevated in the late CL. Ablation of pituitary LH secretion and luteal steroid synthesis significantly reduced (P<0.05) EPHX2 mRNA levels in the mid-late CL, with progestin replacement being insufficient to restore its level of expression to control values. EPHX2 protein was localized to large and small luteal cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells. The EpETrE-generating CYP epoxygenase 2J2, 2C9 and 3A4 genes were also expressed in the macaque CL. While CYP2J2 mRNA levels did not significantly change through the luteal phase, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the mid-late phase when compared with the early phase. CYP2C9, 2J2 and 3A4 proteins were each localized to the large luteal cells, with 2C9 and 2J2 also being present in the small luteal, stromal and endothelial cells. These studies demonstrate for the first time that an EpETrE generating and metabolizing system exists in the primate CL, with the latter being regulated by LH and steroid hormone(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Irusta
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, West Campus, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Enayetallah AE, French RA, Barber M, Grant DF. Cell-specific subcellular localization of soluble epoxide hydrolase in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 54:329-35. [PMID: 16314446 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6808.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a phase-I xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme having both an N-terminal phosphatase activity and a C-terminal epoxide hydrolase activity. Endogenous hydrolase substrates include arachidonic acid epoxides, which have been involved in regulating blood pressure and inflammation. The subcellular localization of sEH has been controversial. Earlier studies using mouse and rat liver suggested that sEH may be cytosolic and/or peroxisomal. In this study we applied immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using markers for different subcellular compartments to evaluate sEH colocalization in an array of human tissues. Results showed that sEH is both cytosolic and peroxisomal in human hepatocytes and renal proximal tubules and exclusively cytosolic in other sEH-containing tissues such as pancreatic islet cells, intestinal epithelium, anterior pituitary cells, adrenal gland, endometrium, lymphoid follicles, prostate ductal epithelium, alveolar wall, and blood vessels. sEH was not exclusively peroxisomal in any of the tissues evaluated. Our data suggest that human sEH subcellular localization is tissue dependent, and that sEH may have tissue- or cell-type-specific functionality. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the subcellular localization of sEH in a wide array of human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Enayetallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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