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Liu Q, Li J, Chang J, Guo Y, Wen D. The characteristics and medical applications of antler stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:225. [PMID: 37649124 PMCID: PMC10468909 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antlers are the only fully regenerable mammalian appendages whose annual renewal is initiated by antler stem cells (ASCs), defined as a specialized type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with embryonic stem cell properties. ASCs possess the same biological features as MSCs, including the capacity for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, immunomodulatory functions, and the maintenance of stem cell characteristics after multiple passages. Several preclinical studies have shown that ASCs exhibit promising potential in wound healing, bone repair, osteoarthritis, anti-tissue fibrosis, anti-aging, and hair regeneration. Medical applications based on ASCs and ASC-derived molecules provide a new source of stem cells and therapeutic modalities for regenerative medicine. This review begins with a brief description of antler regeneration and the role of ASCs. Then, the properties and advantages of ASCs are described. Finally, medical research advances regarding ASCs are summarized, and the prospects and challenges of ASCs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghui Chang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dacheng Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Chen C, Ren H, Li H, Deng Y, Cui Q, Zhu J, Zhang S, Yu J, Wang H, Yu X, Yang S, Hu X, Peng Y. Identification of crucial modules and genes associated with backfat tissue development by WGCNA in Ningxiang pigs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1234757. [PMID: 37662841 PMCID: PMC10469685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1234757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition is an economically important trait in pigs. Ningxiang pig, one of the four famous indigenous breeds in China, is characterized by high fat content. The underlying gene expression pattern in different developmental periods of backfat tissue remains unclear, and the purpose of this investigation is to explore the potential molecular regulators of backfat tissue development in Ningxiang pigs. Backfat tissue (three samples for each stage) was initially collected from different developmental stages (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days after birth), and histological analysis and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were then conducted. Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) method was used to qualify gene expressions, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, strongly co-expressed genes in modules, which were named by color, were clustered by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on dynamic tree cutting algorithm. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment were subsequently implemented, and hub genes were described in each module. Finally, QPCR analysis was employed to validate RNA-seq data. The results showed that adipocyte area increased and adipocyte number decreased with development of backfat tissue. A total of 1,024 DEGs were identified in five comparison groups (120 days vs. 60 days, 180 days vs. 120 days, 240 days vs. 180 days, 300 days vs. 240 days, and 360 days vs. 300 days). The turquoise, red, pink, paleturquoise, darkorange, and darkgreen module had the highest correlation coefficient with 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days developmental stage, while the tan, black and turquoise module had strong relationship with backfat thickness, adipocyte area, and adipocyte number, respectively. Thirteen hub genes (ACSL1, ACOX1, FN1, DCN, CHST13, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL6A3, COL5A1, COL14A1, OAZ3, DNM1, and SELP) were recognized. ACSL1 and ACOX1 might perform function in the early developmental stage of backfat tissue (60 days), and FN1, DCN, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL6A3, and COL14A1 have unignorable position in backfat tissue around 120 days developmental stage. Besides, hub genes SELP and DNM1 in modules significantly associated with backfat thickness and adipocyte area might be involved in the process of backfat tissue development. These findings contribute to understand the integrated mechanism underlying backfat tissue development and promote the progress of genetic improvement in Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Huali Li
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Qingming Cui
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Siyang Zhang
- Hunan Liushahe Ecological Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jine Yu
- Hunan Liushahe Ecological Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Hunan Liushahe Ecological Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Hunan Liushahe Ecological Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Shiliu Yang
- Hunan Liushahe Ecological Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xionggui Hu
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Department of Pig Breeding, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Genetic Analysis of Indigenous Pigs, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Korzekwa AJ, Kononiuk A, Kordan W, Orzołek A. Retinoic acid alters metalloproteinase action in red deer antler stem cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287782. [PMID: 37428795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMP)s regulate developmental processes, control angiogenesis and wound healing, participate in the formation of immune receptors, and are expressed in stem cells. Retinoic acid (RA) is a potential modulator of these proteinases. The aim was to determine (1) MMPs' action in antler stem cells (ASCs) before and after differentiation into adipo-, osteo-, and chondrocytes and (2) the effect of RA on modifying MMP action in ASCs. Antler tissue from pedicle was collected approximately 40 days after antler casting, post mortem from healthy breeding five year old males (N = 7). The cells were isolated from the pedicle layer of periosteum after skin separation and cultured. The pluripotency of the ASCs was evaluated by mRNA expression for NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4. ASCs were stimulated with RA (100nM) and differentiated for 14 days. The MMP (1-3) and TIMP(1-3) (tissue inhibitor of MMPs) mRNA expression was determined in the ASCs, their concentrations in the ASCs and the medium after RA stimulation as well as profiles of mRNA expression for MMPs: 1-3 and TIMPs: 1-3 during differentiation of ASC to osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. RA increased MMP-3 and TIMP-3 mRNA expression and output (P < 0.05) and not influenced on MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA expression and output in ASC (P > 0.05). Depending on differentiation of ASC to osteocytes, adipocytes or chondrocytes, MMPs`and TIMPs`expression profile fluctuates for all studied proteases and its inhibitors. The studies demand continuation considering the role of proteases in stem cells physiology and differentiation. The results may be relevant for the study of cellular processes during the cancerogenesis of tumor stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection (DBP), Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR&FR PAS), Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kononiuk
- Department of Biodiversity Protection (DBP), Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR&FR PAS), Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Władysław Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Orzołek
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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da Silva CG, Martins CF. Stem Cells as Nuclear Donors for Mammalian Cloning. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2647:105-119. [PMID: 37041331 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3064-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammals are routinely cloned by introducing somatic nuclei into enucleated oocytes. Cloning contributes to propagating desired animals, to germplasm conservation efforts, among other applications. A challenge to more broader use of this technology is the relatively low cloning efficiency, which inversely correlates with donor cell differentiation status. Emerging evidence suggests that adult multipotent stem cells improve cloning efficiency, while the greater potential of embryonic stem cells for cloning remains restricted to the mouse. The derivation of pluripotent or totipotent stem cells from livestock and wild species and their association with modulators of epigenetic marks in donor cells should increase cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzales da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia, Campus Xique-Xique, Xique-Xique, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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Molecular Mechanism and Application of Somatic Cell Cloning in Mammals-Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213786. [PMID: 36430264 PMCID: PMC9697074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thus far, nearly 25 mammalian species have been cloned by intra- or interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) [...].
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Li Y, Sun Q. Epigenetic manipulation to improve mouse SCNT embryonic development. Front Genet 2022; 13:932867. [PMID: 36110221 PMCID: PMC9468881 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloned mammals can be achieved through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which involves reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state. However, low cloning efficiency hampers its application severely. Cloned embryos have the same DNA as donor somatic cells. Therefore, incomplete epigenetic reprogramming accounts for low development of cloned embryos. In this review, we describe recent epigenetic barriers in SCNT embryos and strategies to correct these epigenetic defects and avoid the occurrence of abnormalities in cloned animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Sun,
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7
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Technical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the announcement of the birth of the first cloned mammal in 1997, Dolly the sheep, 24 animal species including laboratory, farm, and wild animals have been cloned. The technique for somatic cloning involves transfer of the donor nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte at the metaphase II (MII) stage for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. There is increasing interest in animal cloning for different purposes such as rescue of endangered animals, replication of superior farm animals, production of genetically engineered animals, creation of biomedical models, and basic research. However, the efficiency of cloning remains relatively low. High abortion, embryonic, and fetal mortality rates are frequently observed. Moreover, aberrant developmental patterns during or after birth are reported. Researchers attribute these abnormal phenotypes mainly to incomplete nuclear remodeling, resulting in incomplete reprogramming. Nevertheless, multiple factors influence the success of each step of the somatic cloning process. Various strategies have been used to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer and most of the phenotypically normal born clones can survive, grow, and reproduce. This paper will present some technical, biological, and molecular aspects of somatic cloning, along with remarkable achievements and current improvements.
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The ART of bringing extinction to a freeze - History and future of species conservation, exemplified by rhinos. Theriogenology 2021; 169:76-88. [PMID: 33940218 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing mass extinction of animal species at an unprecedented rate is largely caused by human activities. Progressive habitat destruction and fragmentation is resulting in accelerated loss of biodiversity on a global scale. Over decades, captive breeding programs of non-domestic species were characterized by efforts to optimize species-specific husbandry, to increase studbook-based animal exchange, and to improve enclosure designs. To counter the ongoing dramatic loss of biodiversity, new approaches are warranted. Recently, new ideas, particularly the application of assisted reproduction technologies (ART), have been incorporated into classical zoo breeding programs. These technologies include semen and oocyte collection, artificial insemination, and in-vitro embryo generation. More futuristic ideas of advanced ART (aART) implement recent advances in biotechnology and stem-cell related approaches such as cloning, inner cell mass transfer (ICM), and the stem-cell-associated techniques (SCAT) for the generation of gametes and ultimately embryos of highly endangered species, such as the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) of which only two female individuals are left. Both, ART and aART greatly depend on and benefit from the rapidly evolving cryopreservation techniques and biobanking not only of genetic, but also of viable cellular materials suitable for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The availability of cryopreserved materials bridges gaps in time and space, thereby optimizing the available genetic variability and enhancing the chance to restore viable populations.
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Extranuclear Inheritance of Mitochondrial Genome and Epigenetic Reprogrammability of Chromosomal Telomeres in Somatic Cell Cloning of Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063099. [PMID: 33803567 PMCID: PMC8002851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mammals seems to be still characterized by the disappointingly low rates of cloned embryos, fetuses, and progeny generated. These rates are measured in relation to the numbers of nuclear-transferred oocytes and can vary depending on the technique applied to the reconstruction of enucleated oocytes. The SCNT efficiency is also largely affected by the capability of donor nuclei to be epigenetically reprogrammed in a cytoplasm of reconstructed oocytes. The epigenetic reprogrammability of donor nuclei in SCNT-derived embryos appears to be biased, to a great extent, by the extranuclear (cytoplasmic) inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fractions originating from donor cells. A high frequency of mtDNA heteroplasmy occurrence can lead to disturbances in the intergenomic crosstalk between mitochondrial and nuclear compartments during the early embryogenesis of SCNT-derived embryos. These disturbances can give rise to incorrect and incomplete epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei in mammalian cloned embryos. The dwindling reprogrammability of donor nuclei in the blastomeres of SCNT-derived embryos can also be impacted by impaired epigenetic rearrangements within terminal ends of donor cell-descended chromosomes (i.e., telomeres). Therefore, dysfunctions in epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei can contribute to the enhanced attrition of telomeres. This accelerates the processes of epigenomic aging and replicative senescence in the cells forming various tissues and organs of cloned fetuses and progeny. For all the above-mentioned reasons, the current paper aims to overview the state of the art in not only molecular mechanisms underlying intergenomic communication between nuclear and mtDNA molecules in cloned embryos but also intrinsic determinants affecting unfaithful epigenetic reprogrammability of telomeres. The latter is related to their abrasion within somatic cell-inherited chromosomes.
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Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Hu X, Williams D, Xu J. New physiological insights into the phenomena of deer antler: A unique model for skeletal tissue regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2020; 27:57-66. [PMID: 33437638 PMCID: PMC7773678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, mammals are unable to regenerate complex tissues and organs however the deer antler provides a rare anomaly to this rule. This osseous cranial appendage which is located on the frontal bone of male deer is capable of stem cell-based organogenesis, annual casting, and cyclic de novo regeneration. A series of recent studies have classified this form of regeneration as epimorphic stem cell based. Antler renewal is initiated by the activation of neural crest derived pedicle periosteal cells (PPCs) found residing within the pedicle periosteum (PP), these PPCs have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Other antler stem cells (ASCs) are the reserve mesenchymal cells (RMCs) located in the antlers tip, which develop into cartilage tissue. Antlerogenic periosteal cells (APCs) found within the antlerogenic periosteum (AP) form the tissues of both the pedicle and first set of antlers. Antler stem cells (ASCs) further appear to progress through various stages of activation, this coordinated transition is considered imperative for stem cell-based mammalian regeneration. The latest developments have shown that the rapid elongation of the main beam and antler branches are a controlled form of tumour growth, regulated by the tumour suppressing genes TP73 and ADAMTS18. Both osteoclastogenesis, as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are also involved. While there remains much to uncover this review both summarises and comprehensively evaluates our existing knowledge of tissue regeneration in the deer antler. This will assist in achieving the goal of in vitro organ regeneration in humans by furthering the field of modern regenerative medicine. The Translational potential of this article As a unique stem cell-based organ regeneration process in mammals, the deer antler represents a prime model system for investigating mechanisms of regeneration in mammalian tissues. Novel ASCs could provide cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine and bone remodelling for clinical application. A greater understanding of this process and a more in-depth defining of ASCs will potentiate improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510665, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Desmond Williams
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
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Wang X, Qu J, Li J, He H, Liu Z, Huan Y. Epigenetic Reprogramming During Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Front Genet 2020; 11:205. [PMID: 32256519 PMCID: PMC7093498 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has broad applications but is limited by low cloning efficiency. In this review, we mainly focus on SCNT-mediated epigenetic reprogramming in livestock and also describe mice data for reference. This review presents the factors contributing to low cloning efficiency, demonstrates that incomplete epigenetic reprogramming leads to the low developmental potential of cloned embryos, and further describes the regulation of epigenetic reprogramming by long non-coding RNAs, which is a new research perspective in the field of SCNT-mediated epigenetic reprogramming. In conclusion, this review provides new insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanism during SCNT-mediated nuclear reprogramming, which could have great implications for improving cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiadan Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Abstract
In vitro embryo production of deer species has the potential to increase valuable traits for the agricultural sector, and from a conservation perspective, it is a propagation tool which can improve genetic diversity in small captive populations. In vitro embryo production is a multistep process consisting of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture. These techniques provide the backbone for more advanced assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a source of embryonic stem cells, and embryos for gene editing. In vitro-produced embryos are a readily available resource for comparative embryology studies and a functional assay to assess oocyte competence and evaluate in vitro embryo requirements during culture. A semidefined fertilization and culture medium system, deer synthetic oviduct fluid (DSOF), has been formulated based on deer oviduct fluid. Red deer calves (Cervus elaphus) and Thamin Eld's deer fawn (Rucervus eldii thamin) have been produced after the transfer of in vitro embryos (IVF and SCNT) grown in DSOF culture. Here we describe the in vitro method of maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture for deer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Berg
- AgResearch, Ltd. Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Ampika Thongphakdee
- Wildlife Reproductive Innovation Center, Research Department, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization under the Royal Patronage of H.M. the King, Bangkok, Thailand
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Qu P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu E. Insights into the roles of sperm in animal cloning. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32070430 PMCID: PMC7027237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has shown a wide application in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered animals, and therapeutic cloning. However, the efficiency of SCNT remains very low due to some poorly characterized key factors. Compared with fertilized embryos, somatic donor cells lack some important components of sperm, such as sperm small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) and proteins. Loss of these factors is considered an important reason for the abnormal development of SCNT embryo. This study focused on recent advances of SCNT and the roles of sperm in development. Sperm-derived factors play an important role in nucleus reprogramming and cytoskeleton remodeling during SCNT embryo development. Hence, considering the role of sperm may provide a new strategy for improving cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Comizzoli P. Integrating fertility preservation and cryo-banking into the conservation of rare and endangered deer species. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 deer species live in diverse ecosystems around the world. Unfortunately, most of them are threatened or endangered because of over-hunting, poaching or habitat destruction. Protection of wild populations (in situ) and management of animal collections in zoos and breeding centres (ex situ) are complementary conservation efforts relying on multidisciplinary approaches. Reproductive biology of deer species is one of the critical areas that still needs to be thoroughly studied to ensure the success of in situ or ex situ programs. Interestingly, there is a vast diversity in reproductive traits within the deer family (from anatomy to breeding-season patterns). On the basis of this fundamental knowledge, adapted reproductive biotechnologies have been developed to enhance reproduction and preserve fertility of individuals. Early works on artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and germplasm freezing in the more common red deer, sika deer and white-tailed deer have been highly inspiring to projects aiming at saving endangered deer species. A few fawn births following AI or IVF using frozen semen have been reported in wild species (e.g. Eld’s deer, Rucervus eldii thamin); however, assisted reproductive techniques and cryo-banking are currently not integrated into the management of rare and endangered populations. Knowing that many deer populations are rapidly declining in situ and ex situ, there is now an urgent need for better strategies and more fertility preservation options. The objectives of the present article are to review (1) existing reproductive biotechnologies to preserve fertility of different deer species and (2) how to integrate these approaches into the management of rare and endangered populations to address conservation issues.
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15
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Potential role of intraspecific and interspecific cloning in the conservation of wild mammals. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:111-117. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIntraspecific and interspecific cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is a biotechnique with great possibilities for wild mammals because it allows the maintenance of biodiversity by recovering species, nuclear reprogramming for the production of pluripotency-induced cells, and studies related to embryonic development. Nevertheless, many areas in cloning, especially those associated with wild mammals, are still in question because of the difficulty in obtaining cytoplasmic donor cells (or cytoplasts). Conversely, donor cell nuclei (or karyoplasts) are widely obtained from the skin of living or post-mortem individuals and often maintained in somatic cell banks. Moreover, the creation of karyoplast–cytoplast complexes by fusion followed by activation and embryo development is one of the most difficult steps that requires further clarification to avoid genetic failures. Although difficult, cloning different species, such as wild carnivores and ungulates, can be successful via iSCNT with embryo development and the birth of offspring. Thus, novel research in the area that contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and knowledge of the physiology of species continues. The present review presents the failures and successes that occurred with the application of the technique in wild mammals, with the goal of helping future work on cloning via iSCNT.
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Wang D, Berg D, Ba H, Sun H, Wang Z, Li C. Deer antler stem cells are a novel type of cells that sustain full regeneration of a mammalian organ-deer antler. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:443. [PMID: 31165741 PMCID: PMC6549167 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers are extraordinary mammalian organs that can fully regenerate annually. Antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process and antler stem (AS) cells can initiate de novo generation of antlers in postnatal mammals. However, although being called stem cells, the AS cells have not been characterized at molecular level based on the stem cell criteria. Comprehensive characterization of the AS cells would undoubtedly help to decipher the mechanism underlying the full regeneration of deer antlers, the only case of stem cell-based epimorphic regeneration in mammals. In the present study, three types of AS cells (antlerogenic periosteal cells APCs, for initial pedicle and first antler formation; pedicle periosteal cells PPC, for annual antler regeneration; and reserve mesenchyme cells RMCs, for rapid antler growth), were isolated for comprehensive molecular characterization. A horn-growth-related gene, RXFP2, was found to be expressed only in AS cells lineages but not in the facial periosteal cells (FPCs, locates geographically in the vicinity of the APCs or PPCs), suggesting the RXFP2 might be a specific marker for the AS cell lineage in deer. Our results demonstrated that AS cells expressed classic MSC markers including surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105 and Stro-1. They also expressed some of the markers including Tert, Nestin, S100A4, nucleostemin and C-Myc, suggesting that they have some attributes of the ESCs. Microinjection of male APC into deer blastocysts resulted in one female foetus (110 days gestation) recovered with obvious pedicle primordia with both male and female genotype detected in the ovary. In conclusion, the AS cells should be defined as MSCs but with partial attributes of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Debbie Berg
- AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China. .,Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China.
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Dong Z, Coates D, Liu Q, Sun H, Li C. Quantitative proteomic analysis of deer antler stem cells as a model of mammalian organ regeneration. J Proteomics 2019; 195:98-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ba H, Wang D, Wu W, Sun H, Li C. Single-cell transcriptome provides novel insights into antler stem cells, a cell type capable of mammalian organ regeneration. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:555-564. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Biotechnology for Wildlife. ADVANCES IN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7153411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21309-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Hu P, Wang T, Liu H, Xu J, Wang L, Zhao P, Xing X. Full-length transcriptome and microRNA sequencing reveal the specific gene-regulation network of velvet antler in sika deer with extremely different velvet antler weight. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:431-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Successful cloning of monkeys, the first non-human primate species, by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) attracted worldwide attention earlier this year. Remarkably, it has taken more than 20 years since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997 to achieve this feat. This success was largely due to recent understanding of epigenetic barriers that impede SCNT-mediated reprogramming and the establishment of key methods to overcome these barriers, which also allowed efficient derivation of human pluripotent stem cells for cell therapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in SCNT technology and its potential applications for both reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matoba
- RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Olivera R, Moro LN, Jordan R, Pallarols N, Guglielminetti A, Luzzani C, Miriuka SG, Vichera G. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as nuclear donors improve viability and health of cloned horses. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 11:13-22. [PMID: 29497320 PMCID: PMC5818860 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cell plasticity is crucial in cloning to allow an efficient nuclear reprogramming and healthy offspring. Hence, cells with high plasticity, such as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be a promising alternative for horse cloning. In this study, we evaluated the use of bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) as nuclear donors in horse cloning, and we compared the in vitro and in vivo embryo development with respect to fibroblasts. Materials and methods Zona-free nuclear transfer was performed using BM-MSCs (MSC group, n=3432) or adult fibroblasts (AF group, n=4527). Embryos produced by artificial insemination (AI) recovered by uterine flushing and transferred to recipient mares were used as controls (AI group). Results Blastocyst development was higher in the MSC group than in the AF group (18.1% vs 10.9%, respectively; p<0.05). However, pregnancy rates and delivery rates were similar in both cloning groups, although they were lower than in the AI group (pregnancy rates: 17.7% [41/232] for MSC, 12.5% [37/297] for AF and 80.7% [71/88] for AI; delivery rates: 56.8% [21/37], 41.5% [17/41] and 90.1% [64/71], respectively). Remarkably, the gestation length of the AF group was significantly longer than the control (361.7±10.9 vs 333.9±8.7 days), in contrast to the MSC group (340.6±8.89 days). Of the total deliveries, 95.2% (20/21) of the MSC-foals were viable, compared to 52.9% (9/17) of the AF-foals (p<0.05). In addition, the AF-foals had more physiological abnormalities at birth than the MSC-foals; 90.5% (19/21) of the MSC-delivered foals were completely normal and healthy, compared to 35.3% (6/17) in the AF group. The abnormalities included flexural or angular limb deformities, umbilical cord enlargement, placental alterations and signs of syndrome of neonatal maladjustment, which were treated in most cases. Conclusion In summary, we obtained 29 viable cloned foals and found that MSCs are suitable donor cells in horse cloning. Even more, these cells could be more efficiently reprogrammed compared to fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Olivera
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L N Moro
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Jordan
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Pallarols
- Kawell Equine Hospital, Solís, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C Luzzani
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S G Miriuka
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Vichera
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fu J, Zhang W, Zhang A, Ma L, Chu W, Li C. [Preparation of acellular matrix from antler cartilage and its biological compatibility]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2017; 31:723-729. [PMID: 29798656 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201612072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the feasibility of acellular matrix materials prepared from deer antler cartilage and its biological compatibility so as to search for a new member of the extracellular matrix family for cartilage regeneration. Methods The deer antler mesenchymal (M) layer tissue was harvested and treated through decellular process to prepare M layer acellular matrix; histologic observation and detection of M layer acellular matrix DNA content were carried out. The antler stem cells [antlerogenic periosteum (AP) cells] at 2nd passage were labelled by fluorescent stains and by PKH26. Subsequently, the M layer acellular matrix and the AP cells at 2nd passage were co-cultured for 7 days; then the samples were transplanted into nude mice to study the tissue compatibility of M layer acellular matrix in the living animals. Results HE and DAPI staining confirmed that the M layer acellular matrix did not contain nucleus; the DNA content of the M layer acellular matrix was (19.367±5.254) ng/mg, which was significantly lower than that of the normal M layer tissue [(3 805.500±519.119) ng/mg]( t=12.630, P=0.000). In vitro co-culture experiments showed that AP cells could adhere to or even embedded in the M layer acellular matrix. Nude mice transplantation experiments showed that the introduced AP cells could proliferate and induce angiogenesis in the M layer acellular matrix. Conclusion The deer antler cartilage acellular matrix is successfully prepared. The M layer acellular matrix is suitable for adhesion and proliferation of AP cells in vitro and in vivo, and it has the function of stimulating angiogenesis. This model for deer antler cartilage acellular matrix can be applied in cartilage tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Jinlin, 130000, P.R.China;Medicinal Materials College of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun Jilin, 130118, P.R.China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Jinlin, 130000, P.R.China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- Medicinal Materials College of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun Jilin, 130118, P.R.China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Medicinal Materials College of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun Jilin, 130118, P.R.China
| | - Wenhui Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Jinlin, 130000,
| | - Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun Jinlin, 130000,
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Moulavi F, Hosseini S, Tanhaie-Vash N, Ostadhosseini S, Hosseini S, Hajinasrollah M, Asghari M, Gourabi H, Shahverdi A, Vosough A, Nasr-Esfahani M. Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer in Asiatic cheetah using nuclei derived from post-mortem frozen tissue in absence of cryo-protectant and in vitro matured domestic cat oocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 90:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The impact of ovarian stimulation protocol on oocyte quality, subsequent in vitro embryo development, and pregnancy after transfer to recipients in Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii thamin). Theriogenology 2016; 91:134-144. [PMID: 28215678 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Propagating genetically valuable individuals through oocyte collection, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer is critical to maintain sustainable populations of the endangered Eld's deer. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of exogenous FSH injections on (1) the number and in vitro competence of oocytes collected and (2) the developmental potential of resulting IVF embryos after transfer into recipients during the breeding season (February-April). In a pilot experiment, estrus synchronization was conducted in three surplus females (using intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices, CIDRG for 14 days and injections of buserelin (a GnRH agonist). Five days after CIDR removal, ovaries were excised, minced and a total of 133 oocytes were recovered. Following in vitro maturation (IVM) and IVF, 63% of the oocytes formed embryos but only 5% reached the blastocyst stage. In a subsequent study, follicle numbers and diameters were compared between synchronized does stimulated with 0 or 80 mg FSH (-FSH and +FSH; n = 8 does in each group) and oocytes collected either by laparoscopic ovum pick-up or ovariectomy. FSH stimulation increased the main follicular diameter from 2-3 mm to 4-5 mm (P < 0.05) but not the oocyte number (∼20/donor) or the percentage of good quality oocytes (57%) regardless of the treatment. FSH stimulation did not either affect the percentage of cleaved embryos after IVF (25-35%; P > 0.05). Lastly, embryos at the 2-to 8-cell stage (from either + FSH or -FSH groups) were transferred into the oviducts of 11 synchronized recipients. With the +FSH embryos, three pregnancies failed between 90 and 120 days of gestation and two fawns that were born preterm (Days 215 and 224 of gestation) died at birth. In the -FSH group one healthy female fawn was born on Day 234 of gestation. This is the first report of a successful in vitro embryo production and subsequent birth of a live Eld's deer fawn. Further investigations are required to improve IVM/IVF success and the developmental potential of the embryos.
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Dąbrowska N, Kiełbowicz Z, Nowacki W, Bajzert J, Reichert P, Bieżyński J, Zebrowski J, Haczkiewicz K, Cegielski M. Antlerogenic stem cells: molecular features and potential in rabbit bone regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:539-554. [PMID: 26076011 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1045139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM (i) To assess the expression profiles of stem cell-associated markers including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, C-myc, Stat3 and Cd9, (ii) analyze the nanotopography of the MIC-1 stem cells and (iii) evaluate the efficiency of live stem cell implants and stem cell culture derivatives on the regeneration of bone deficiencies in rabbit mandibles. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression profiles of stem cell-associated genes, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, C-myc, Stat3 and CD9 were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Nanotopography of the antlerogenic MIC-1 cell lineage was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The effect of MIC-1 stem cells, their homogenate and supernatant on the regeneration of bone deficiencies in rabbit mandibles was evaluated using histological analysis. The effect of MIC-1 stem cells and stem cell-based derivatives on the immune responses of the animals was assessed by analyses of acute phase protein levels (haptoglobin and fibrinogen). RESULTS We found that the MIC-1 cells isolated from the apical regions of growing antlers exhibited molecular features that were characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we determined the details of the cell surface morphologies with a particular emphasis on the patterns of formation of plasma extensions for interlinking adjacent cells. We also demonstrated that not only implanted stem cells but also cell homogenates and cell post-culture supernatants have potential in the regeneration of bone deficiencies in the rabbit mandible. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the use of both antlerogenic stem cell implants and the preparations derived from the cells offer alternative approaches to those based on autologous stem cells in the biological stimulation of osteogenesis and in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dąbrowska
- a Department of Surgery , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- a Department of Surgery , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Wojciech Nowacki
- b Department of Immunology , Pathophysiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Joanna Bajzert
- b Department of Immunology , Pathophysiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Paweł Reichert
- c Department and Clinic of Traumatology and Hand Surgery , Medical University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Bieżyński
- a Department of Surgery , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- d Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Plant Sciences, University of Rzeszow , Kolbuszowa , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Haczkiewicz
- e Department of Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Marek Cegielski
- e Department of Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland.,f Stem Cells Spin , Wroclaw , Poland
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Meng F, Forrester-Gauntlett B, Turner P, Henderson H, Oback B. Signal Inhibition Reveals JAK/STAT3 Pathway as Critical for Bovine Inner Cell Mass Development. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:132. [PMID: 26510863 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner cell mass (ICM) of mammalian blastocysts consists of pluripotent epiblast and hypoblast lineages, which develop into embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, respectively. We conducted a chemical screen for regulators of epiblast identity in bovine Day 8 blastocysts. From the morula stage onward, in vitro fertilized embryos were cultured in the presence of cell-permeable small molecules targeting nine principal signaling pathway components, including TGFbeta1, BMP, EGF, VEGF, PDGF, FGF, cAMP, PI3K, and JAK signals. Using 1) blastocyst quality (by morphological grading), 2) cell numbers (by differential stain), and 3) epiblast (FGF4, NANOG) and hypoblast (PDGFRa, SOX17) marker gene expression (by quantitative PCR), we identified positive and negative regulators of ICM development and pluripotency. TGFbeta1, BMP, and cAMP and combined VEGF/PDGF/FGF signals did not affect blastocyst development while PI3K was important for ICM growth but did not alter lineage-specific gene expression. Stimulating cAMP specifically increased NANOG expression, while combined VEGF/PDGF/FGF inhibition up-regulated epiblast and hypoblast markers. The strongest effects were observed by suppressing JAK1/2 signaling with AZD1480. This treatment interfered with ICM formation, but trophectoderm cell numbers and markers (CDX2, KTR8) were not altered. JAK inhibition repressed both epiblast and hypoblast transcripts as well as naive pluripotency-related genes (KLF4, TFCP2L1) and the JAK substrate STAT3. We found that tyrosine (Y) 705-phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3(Y705)) was restricted to ICM nuclei, where it colocalized with SOX2 and NANOG. JAK inhibition abolished this ICM-exclusive pSTAT3(Y705) signal and strongly reduced the number of SOX2-positive nuclei. In conclusion, JAK/STAT3 activation is required for bovine ICM formation and acquisition of naive pluripotency markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Meng
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Reproductive Technologies, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Pavla Turner
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Reproductive Technologies, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Harold Henderson
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Reproductive Technologies, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Reproductive Technologies, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Li C, Zhao H, Liu Z, McMahon C. Deer antler--a novel model for studying organ regeneration in mammals. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:111-22. [PMID: 25046387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deer antler is the only mammalian organ that can fully grow back once lost from its pedicle - the base from which it grows. Therefore, antlers probably offer the most pertinent model for studying organ regeneration in mammals. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying regeneration of antlers, and provides insights into the possible use for human regenerative medicine. Based on the definition, antler renewal belongs to a special type of regeneration termed epimorphic. However, histological examination failed to detect dedifferentiation of any cell type on the pedicle stump and the formation of a blastema, which are hallmark features of classic epimorphic regeneration. Instead, antler regeneration is achieved through the recruitment, proliferation and differentiation of the single cell type in the pedicle periosteum (PP). The PP cells are the direct derivatives of cells resident in the antlerogenic periosteum (AP), a tissue that exists in prepubertal deer calves and can induce ectopic antler formation when transplanted elsewhere on the deer body. Both the AP and PP cells express key embryonic stem cell markers and can be induced to differentiate into multiple cell lineages in vitro and, therefore, they are termed antler stem cells, and antler regeneration is a stem cell-based epimorphic regeneration. Comparisons between the healing process on the stumps from an amputated mouse limb and early regeneration of antlers suggest that the stump of a mouse limb cannot regenerate because of the limited potential of periosteal cells in long bones to proliferate. If we can impart a greater potential of these periosteal cells to proliferate, we might at least be able to partially regenerate limbs lost from humans. Taken together, a greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the regeneration of antlers may provide a valuable insight to aid the field of regenerative medicine. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China; Institute of Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Haiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China; Institute of Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China; Institute of Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chris McMahon
- AgResearch Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Kim KJ, Yoo HD, Kim YH, Lee YA, Kim BJ, Jung MS, Kang HG, Lee JH, Ryu BY. Enhancement of in vitro culture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from deer antlers. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Daley ELH, Alford AI, Miller JD, Goldstein SA. Phenotypic differences in white-tailed deer antlerogenic progenitor cells and marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1416-25. [PMID: 24313802 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer antlers are bony appendages that are annually cast and rapidly regrown in a seasonal process coupled to the reproductive cycle. Due to the uniqueness of this process among mammals, we reasoned that a fundamental characterization of antler progenitor cell behavior may provide insights that could lead to improved strategies for promoting bone repair. In this study, we investigated whether white-tailed deer antlerogenic progenitor cells (APC) conform to basic criteria defining mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). In addition, we tested the effects of the artificial glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) on osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation as well as the degree of apoptosis during the latter. Comparisons were made to animal-matched marrow-derived MSC. APC and MSC generated similar numbers of colonies. APC cultures expanded less rapidly overall but experienced population recovery at later time points. In contrast to MSC, APC did not display adipogenic in vitro differentiation capacity. Under osteogenic culture conditions, APC and MSC exhibited different patterns of alkaline phosphatase activity over time. DEX increased APC alkaline phosphatase activity only initially but consistently led to decreased activity in MSC. APC and MSC in osteogenic culture underwent different time and DEX-dependent patterns of mineralization, yet APC and MSC achieved similar levels of mineral accrual in an ectopic ossicle model. During chondrogenic differentiation, APC exhibited high levels of apoptosis without a reduction in cell density. DEX decreased proteoglycan production and increased apoptosis in chondrogenic APC cultures but had the opposite effects in MSC. Our results suggest that APC and MSC proliferation and differentiation differ in their dependence on time, factors, and milieu. Antler tip APC may be more lineage-restricted osteo/chondroprogenitors with distinctly different responses to apoptotic and glucocorticoid stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L H Daley
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Pregnancy and Neonatal Care of SCNT Animals. PRINCIPLES OF CLONING 2014. [PMCID: PMC7149996 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386541-0.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mastromonaco GF, González-Grajales LA, Filice M, Comizzoli P. Somatic cells, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells: how do they now contribute to conservation? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:385-427. [PMID: 25091918 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has now passed since the birth of the first endangered species produced from an adult somatic cell reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. At that time, advances made in domestic and laboratory animal species provided the necessary foundation for attempting cutting-edge technologies on threatened and endangered species. In addition to nuclear transfer, spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and induction of pluripotent stem cells have also been explored. Although many basic scientific questions have been answered and more than 30 wild species have been investigated, very few successes have been reported. The majority of studies document numerous obstacles that still need to be overcome to produce viable gametes or embryos for healthy offspring production. This chapter provides an overview of somatic cell and stem cell technologies in different taxa (mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles and amphibians) and evaluates the potential and impact of these approaches for animal species conservation.
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Teperek M, Miyamoto K. Nuclear reprogramming of sperm and somatic nuclei in eggs and oocytes. Reprod Med Biol 2013; 12:133-149. [PMID: 24273450 PMCID: PMC3824936 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-013-0155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs and oocytes have a prominent ability to reprogram sperm nuclei for ensuring embryonic development. The reprogramming activity that eggs/oocytes intrinsically have towards sperm is utilised to reprogram somatic nuclei injected into eggs/oocytes in nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. NT embryos of various species can give rise to cloned animals, demonstrating that eggs/oocytes can confer totipotency even to somatic nuclei. However, many studies indicate that reprogramming of somatic nuclei is not as efficient as that of sperm nuclei. In this review, we explain how and why sperm and somatic nuclei are differentially reprogrammed in eggs/oocytes. Recent studies have shown that sperm chromatin is epigenetically modified to be adequate for early embryonic development, while somatic nuclei do not have such modifications. Moreover, epigenetic memories encoded in sperm chromatin are transgenerationally inherited, implying unique roles of sperm. We also discuss whether somatic nuclei can be artificially modified to acquire sperm-like chromatin states in order to increase the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Teperek
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Developmental ability after parthenogenetic activation of in vitro matured oocytes collected postmortem from deers. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Verma V, Huang B, Kallingappa PK, Oback B. Dual Kinase Inhibition Promotes Pluripotency in Finite Bovine Embryonic Cell Lines. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1728-42. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Verma
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ben Huang
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Björn Oback
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Nowak-Imialek M, Niemann H. Pluripotent cells in farm animals: state of the art and future perspectives. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:103-28. [PMID: 23244833 DOI: 10.1071/rd12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic germ cells and embryonic carcinoma cells are a unique type of cell because they remain undifferentiated indefinitely in in vitro culture, show self-renewal and possess the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. These capabilities make them a unique in vitro model for studying development, differentiation and for targeted modification of the genome. True pluripotent ESCs have only been described in the laboratory mouse and rat. However, rodent physiology and anatomy differ substantially from that of humans, detracting from the value of the rodent model for studies of human diseases and the development of cellular therapies in regenerative medicine. Recently, progress in the isolation of pluripotent cells in farm animals has been made and new technologies for reprogramming of somatic cells into a pluripotent state have been developed. Prior to clinical application of therapeutic cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells in human patients, their survival and the absence of tumourigenic potential must be assessed in suitable preclinical large animal models. The establishment of pluripotent cell lines in farm animals may provide new opportunities for the production of transgenic animals, would facilitate development and validation of large animal models for evaluating ESC-based therapies and would thus contribute to the improvement of human and animal health. This review summarises the recent progress in the derivation of pluripotent and reprogrammed cells from farm animals. We refer to our recent review on this area, to which this article is complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institut of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loefller-Institut (FLI), Biotechnology, Höltystrasse 10, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
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Harris D, Huang B, Oback B. Inhibition of MAP2K and GSK3 Signaling Promotes Bovine Blastocyst Development and Epiblast-Associated Expression of Pluripotency Factors1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:74. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Seo MS, Park SB, Choi SW, Kim JJ, Kim HS, Kang KS. Isolation and characterization of antler-derived multipotent stem cells. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:831-43. [PMID: 23294672 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x661391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that stem cells can be isolated from various tissues such as bone marrow, fatty tissue, umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly, and placenta. These types of stem cell studies have also arisen in veterinary medicine. Deer antlers show a seasonal regrowth of tissue, an unusual feature in mammals. Antler tissue therefore might offer a source of stem cells. To explore the possibility of stem cell populations within deer antlers, we isolated and successfully cultured antler-derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs). Antler MSCs were maintained in a growth medium, and the proliferation potential was measured via an assay called the cumulative population doubling level. Immunophenotyping and immunostaining revealed the intrinsic characteristic stem cell markers of antler MSCs. To confirm the ability to differentiate, we conducted osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induction under the respective differentiation conditions. We discovered that antler MSCs have the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. In conclusion, our results show that deer antler tissue may contain MSCs and therefore may be a potential source for veterinary regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Galli C, Lagutina I, Perota A, Colleoni S, Duchi R, Lucchini F, Lazzari G. Somatic cell nuclear transfer and transgenesis in large animals: current and future insights. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 3:2-11. [PMID: 22681293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was first developed in livestock for the purpose of accelerating the widespread use of superior genotypes. Although many problems still exist now after fifteen years of research owing to the limited understanding of genome reprogramming, SCNT has provided a powerful tool to make copies of selected individuals in different species, to study genome pluripotency and differentiation, opening new avenues of research in regenerative medicine and representing the main route for making transgenic livestock. Besides well-established methods to deliver transgenes, recent development in enzymatic engineering to edit the genome provides more precise and reproducible tools to target-specific genomic loci especially for producing knockout animals. The interest in generating transgenic livestock lies in the agricultural and biomedical areas and it is, in most cases, at the stage of research and development, with few exceptions that are making the way into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galli
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy.
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Sun H, Yang F, Chu W, Zhao H, McMahon C, Li C. Lentiviral-mediated RNAi knockdown of Cbfa1 gene inhibits endochondral ossification of antler stem cells in micromass culture. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47367. [PMID: 23056636 PMCID: PMC3467256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) lacks ability to repair defects due to its avascular nature as healing process relies on cells being brought in by blood vessels. Multiple approaches have been taken to facilitate cartilage repair in clinics, to date there is no effective treatment available that can restores the AC lesion to a normally functioning level over extended periods. In this regard, antler cartilage is unique in being richly vascularised and hence can effectively repair and regenerate. Interestingly, antler stem cells, from which the vascularised cartilage is derived, can form avascular cartilage when taken away from their original niche, suggesting that the vascular or avascular state of antler cartilage is controlled by extrinsic factors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this phenotype switch may help us to devise a way to trigger the effective intrinsic repair of AC. However, adoption of antler cartilage model for AC repair requires the demonstration that the cartilage specific signalling pathways also prevail in antler chondrogenesis. To achieve this, in the present study we silenced expression of Cbfa1, a key factor regulatingendochondral ossification, using RNAi, and showed that expression of the downstream genes type I collagen and osteocalcin were suppressed which, in turn, inhibited endochondral ossification process taking place in the antler stem cell-formed nodules. Therefore, we provided further evidence at molecular level that antler could be developed as novel model for the study of AC repair. The eventual identification of the extrinsic factors dictating the phenotype switch between the vascular and avascular state of antler cartilage will open up a new avenue for the cure of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Chu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chris McMahon
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Chunyi Li
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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López-Saucedo J, Paramio-Nieto MT, Fierro R, Piña-Aguilar RE. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in small ruminants. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 133:129-38. [PMID: 22871330 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminants are an important component of the global production systems of meat and wool, and their reproductive biology is well known. However, the incorporation of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) in the production systems of small ruminants is not as well developed as for other domestic species. Normally, production systems that incorporate ARTs are restricted to artificial insemination or in vivo embryo transfer. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the ARTs techniques reported for small ruminants and consists of the injection of spermatozoa inside an oocyte, bypassing the natural process of sperm-oocyte interaction. In goats and sheep, there are few live births by ICSI reported, with no reports from other species of small ruminants. Currently, there has not been intensive research about ICSI in small ruminants. However, ICSI has potentially important applications in animal production systems, primarily its use with semen of valued animals, with epididymal sperm, in the fertilization of prepubertal or cryopreserved oocytes. Other applications include more advanced techniques, such as transgenic-ICSI or its combination with spermatogonial transplantation. In this article, we review the "state of the art" of this technique in small ruminants including its historical development, research needs for its improvement and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Saucedo
- Doctoral Program in Biological Sciences and Health, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
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Yin Y, Tang L, Zhang P, Kong D, Wang Z, Guan J, Song G, Tang B, Li Z. Optimizing the Conditions forIn VitroMaturation and Artificial Activation of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum) Oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:27-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li C, Harper A, Puddick J, Wang W, McMahon C. Proteomes and signalling pathways of antler stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30026. [PMID: 22279561 PMCID: PMC3261186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the only known example of complete organ regeneration in mammals, deer antler in the growing or velvet phase is of major interest in developmental biology. This regeneration event initiates from self-renewing antler stem cells that exhibit pluripotency. At present, it remains unclear how the activation and quiescence of antler stem cells are regulated. Therefore, in the present study proteins that were differentially expressed between the antler stem cells and somatic cells (facial periosteum) were identified by a gel-based proteomic technique, and analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Several molecular pathways (PI3K/Akt, ERK/MAPK, p38 MAPK, etc.) were found to be activated during proliferation. Also expressed were the transcription factors POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG and MYC, which are key markers of embryonic stem cells. Expression of these proteins was confirmed in both cultured cells and fresh tissues by Western blot analysis. Therefore, the molecular pathways and transcription factors identified in the current study are common to embryonic and adult stem cells. However, expression of embryonic stem cell transcription factors would suggest that antler stem cells are, potentially, an intermediary stem cell type between embryonic and the more specialized tissue-specific stem cells like those residing in muscle, fat or from a hematopoietic origin. The retention of this embryonic, pluripotent lineage may be of fundamental importance for the subsequent regenerative capacity of antlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- Developmental Biology Group, AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, China
| | - Anne Harper
- Developmental Biology Group, AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Puddick
- Waikato Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Wenying Wang
- Developmental Biology Group, AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Chris McMahon
- Developmental Biology Group, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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44
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Asseged BD, Habtemariam T, Tameru B, Nganwa D. The risk of introduction of equine infectious anemia virus into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada. Theriogenology 2012; 77:445-58. [PMID: 21958631 PMCID: PMC3250577 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deriving horse oocytes in the USA is hampered by the lack of abattoirs processing horse carcasses which could provide abundant quantities of ovaries from slaughtered mares. Therefore, several cloning industries in the USA are attempting to import cloned horse embryos from Canada. Like any agricultural commodity, cloned embryos pose a risk of introduction of exotic animal diseases into the importing country. Under such circumstances, risk assessment could provide an objective, transparent, and internationally accepted means for evaluating the risk. This quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was initiated to determine the risk of introduction of Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) into the USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada. In assessing the risk, a structured knowledge base regarding cloning in relation to Equine infectious anemia (EIA) was first developed. Based on the knowledge base, a scenario tree was developed to determine conditions (with mathematical probabilities) that could lead to the introduction and maintenance of EIAV along the cloning pathway. Parameters for the occurrence of the event at each node were estimated using published literature. Using @Risk software and setting Monte Carlo simulation at 50,000 iterations, the probability of importing an EIAV-infected cloned horse embryo was 1.8 × 10(-9) (R = 1.5 × 10(-12) to 2.9 × 10(-8)). Taking into account the current protocol for equine cloning and assuming the yield of 5 to 30 clones per year, the possible number of EIAV-infected cloned horse embryos ranged from 2.0 × 10(-10) to 9.1 × 10(-5) (Mean = 1.4×10(-6)) per year. Consequently, it would take up to 1.5 × 10(7) (R = 1.6 × 10(4) to 5.1 × 10(10)) years for EIAV to be introduced into the USA. Based on the knowledge base and our critical pathway analysis, the biological plausibility of introducing EIAV into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada is extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Asseged
- Tuskegee University, Department of Pathobiology, BIMS/CCEBRA, CVMNAH W-B 114, Tuskegee, Alabama, USA.
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Kužmová E, Kotrba R, Rolf HJ, Bartoš L, Wiese KG, Schulz J, Bubenik GA. Factors affecting the number of STRO-1+ stem cells derived from regenerating antler and pedicle cells of red and fallow deer. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells positive to surface antigen STRO-1 were isolated from regenerating antlers of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) using a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method. In this study we analysed factors potentially affecting the number of STRO-1+ cells in the cell cultures. With regard to the STRO-1 antigen, we evaluated data from 188 MACS separation procedures of cell cultures cultivated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and 10% fetal calf serum of four fallow deer males (130 procedures) and four red deer males (58 procedures). The analysed factors were the sampling site of the antler or the pedicle, cell passage and type of the cell culture (mixed or STRO-1 negative cell cultures). The percentage of obtained STRO-1+ cells varied greatly from 0.4 to 38.9% for fallow deer and from 1.8 to 16.5% for red deer. We have not found any significant influence of the sampling site. The passage and the type of culture were significant factors for both fallow and red deer cells. The highest numbers of STRO-1+ cells were obtained from the second passage from both fallow and red deer cell cultures (24.6 and 5.5%, respectively). Our experiment revealed that we can maximise the number of STRO-1+ cells in the cultures by manipulating the cultivation factors.
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Nowak-Imialek M, Kues W, Carnwath JW, Niemann H. Pluripotent stem cells and reprogrammed cells in farm animals. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:474-497. [PMID: 21682936 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent cells are unique because of their ability to differentiate into the cell lineages forming the entire organism. True pluripotent stem cells with germ line contribution have been reported for mice and rats. Human pluripotent cells share numerous features of pluripotentiality, but confirmation of their in vivo capacity for germ line contribution is impossible due to ethical and legal restrictions. Progress toward derivation of embryonic stem cells from domestic species has been made, but the derived cells were not able to produce germ line chimeras and thus are termed embryonic stem-like cells. However, domestic animals, in particular the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), are excellent large animals models, in which the clinical potential of stem cell therapies can be studied. Reprogramming technologies for somatic cells, including somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, in vitro culture in the presence of cell extracts, in vitro conversion of adult unipotent spermatogonial stem cells into germ line derived pluripotent stem cells, and transduction with reprogramming factors have been developed with the goal of obtaining pluripotent, germ line competent stem cells from domestic animals. This review summarizes the present state of the art in the derivation and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Biotechnology, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Kužmová E, Bartoš L, Kotrba R, Bubenik GA. Effect of different factors on proliferation of antler cells, cultured in vitro. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18053. [PMID: 21464927 PMCID: PMC3065459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antlers as a potential model for bone growth and development have become an object of rising interest. To elucidate processes explaining how antler growth is regulated, in vitro cultures have been established. However, until now, there has been no standard method to cultivate antler cells and in vitro results are often opposite to those reported in vivo. In addition, many factors which are often not taken into account under in vitro conditions may play an important role in the development of antler cells. In this study we investigated the effects of the antler growth stage, the male individuality, passaged versus primary cultures and the effect of foetal calf serum concentrations on proliferative potential of mixed antler cell cultures in vitro, derived from regenerating antlers of red deer males (Cervus elaphus). The proliferation potential of antler cells was measured by incorporation of (3)H thymidine. Our results demonstrate that there is no significant effect of the antler growth stage, whereas male individuality and all other examined factors significantly affected antler cell proliferation. Furthermore, our results suggest that primary cultures may better represent in vivo conditions and processes occurring in regenerating antlers. In conclusion, before all main factors affecting antler cell proliferation in vitro will be satisfactorily investigated, results of in vitro studies focused on hormonal regulation of antler growth should be taken with extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kužmová
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Uhříněves, Czech Republic.
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48
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Oh HJ, Park JE, Kim MJ, Hong SG, Ra JC, Jo JY, Kang SK, Jang G, Lee BC. Recloned dogs derived from adipose stem cells of a transgenic cloned beagle. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1221-31. [PMID: 21220163 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have postulated that efficiency in mammalian cloning is inversely correlated with donor cell differentiation status and may be increased by using undifferentiated cells as nuclear donors. Here, we attempted the recloning of dogs by nuclear transfer of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSCs) from a transgenic cloned beagle to determine if cAd-MSCs can be a suitable donor cell type. In order to isolate cAd-MSCs, adipose tissues were collected from a transgenic cloned beagle produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of canine fetal fibroblasts modified genetically with a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene. The cAd-MSCs expressed the RFP gene and cell-surface marker characteristics of MSCs including CD29, CD44 and thy1.1. Furthermore, cAd-MSCs underwent osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic differentiation when exposed to specific differentiation-inducing conditions. In order to investigate the developmental potential of cAd-MSCs, we carried out SCNT. Fused-couplets (82/109, 75.2%) were chemically activated and transferred into the uterine tube of five naturally estrus-synchronized surrogates. One of them (20%) maintained pregnancy and subsequently gave birth to two healthy cloned pups. The present study demonstrated for the first time the successful production of cloned beagles by nuclear transfer of cAd-MSCs. Another important outcome of the present study is the successful recloning of RFP-expressing transgenic cloned beagle pups by nuclear transfer of cells derived from a transgenic cloned beagle. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that adipose stem cells can be a good nuclear donor source for dog cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Canel N, Bevacqua R, Fernández-Martín R, Salamone DF. Activation with Ionomycin followed by Dehydroleucodine and Cytochalasin B for the Production of Parthenogenetic and Cloned Bovine Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:491-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Canel
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Bevacqua
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Fernández-Martín
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thuan NV, Kishigami S, Wakayama T. How to improve the success rate of mouse cloning technology. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:20-30. [PMID: 20203432 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has now been 13 years since the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep was generated from somatic cells using nuclear transfer (SCNT). Since then, this technique has been considered an important tool not only for animal reproduction but also for regenerative medicine. However, the success rate is still very low and the mechanisms involved in genomic reprogramming are not yet clear. Moreover, the NT technique requires donated fresh oocyte, which raises ethical problems for production of human cloned embryo. For this reason, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for genomic reprogramming and for regenerative medicine is currently a hot topic in this field. However, we believe that the NT approach remains the only valid way for the study of reproduction and basic biology. For example, only the NT approach can reveal dynamic and global modifications in the epigenome without using genetic modification, and it can generate offspring from a single cell or even a frozen dead body. Thanks to much hard work by many groups, cloning success rates are increasing slightly year by year, and NT cloning is now becoming a more applicable method. This review describes how to improve the efficiency of cloning, the establishment of clone-derived embryonic stem cells and further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Thuan
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, South Korea
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