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Rosario FJ, Urschitz J, Powell TL, Brown TL, Jansson T. Overexpression of the LAT1 in primary human trophoblast cells increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1651-1664. [PMID: 37861075 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The System L amino acid transporter, particularly the isoform Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (LAT1) encoded by SLC7A5, is believed to mediate the transfer of essential amino acids in the human placenta. Placental System L amino acid transporter expression and activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it remains unknown if changes in the expression of LAT1 are mechanistically linked to System L amino acid transport activity. Here, we combined overexpression approaches with protein analysis and functional studies in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells to test the hypothesis that SLC7A5 overexpression increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling in PHT cells. Overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a marked increase in protein expression of LAT1 in the PHT cells microvillous plasma membrane and System L amino acid transporter activity. Moreover, mTOR signaling was activated, and System A amino acid transporter activity increased following SLC7A5 overexpression, suggesting coordination of trophoblast amino transporter expression and activity to ensure balanced nutrient flux to the fetus. This is the first report showing that overexpression of LAT1 is sufficient to increase the uptake of essential amino acids in PHT cells, which activates mTOR, a master regulator of placental function. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter system in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to changes in fetal amino acid availability and altered fetal growth in these pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
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2
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Wolters VERA, Lok CAR, Gordijn SJ, Wilthagen EA, Sebire NJ, Khong TY, van der Voorn JP, Amant F. Placental pathology in cancer during pregnancy and after cancer treatment exposure. Placenta 2021; 111:33-46. [PMID: 34153795 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy has been associated with (pathologically) small for gestational age offspring, especially after exposure to chemotherapy in utero. These infants are most likely growth restricted, but sonographic results are often lacking. In view of the paucity of data on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, the objective was to summarize all studies investigating placental pathology related to cancer(treatment). A systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Embase (OVID) and SCOPUS was conducted to retrieve all studies about placental pathology in cancer during pregnancy or after cancer treatment, published until August 2020. The literature search yielded 5784 unique publications, of which 111 were eligible for inclusion. Among them, three groups of placental pathology were distinguished. First, various histopathologic changes including maternal vascular malperfusion have been reported in pregnancies complicated by cancer and after cancer treatment exposure, which were not specific to type of cancer(treatment). Second, cancer(treatment) has been associated with placental cellular pathology including increased oxidative damage and apoptosis, impaired angiogenesis and genotoxicity. Finally, involvement of the placenta by cancer cells has been described, involving both the intervillous space and rarely villous invasion, with such fetuses are at risk of having metastases. In conclusion, growth restriction is often observed in pregnancies complicated by cancer and its cause can be multifactorial. Placental histopathologic changes, cellular pathology and genotoxicity caused by the cancer(treatment) may each play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera E R A Wolters
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine A R Lok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne J Gordijn
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, CB 20 Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erica A Wilthagen
- Scientific Information Service, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
| | - T Yee Khong
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA5006, Australia.
| | - J Patrick van der Voorn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Oliveira MDMS, Salgado CDM, Viana LR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Pregnancy and Cancer: Cellular Biology and Mechanisms Affecting the Placenta. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1667. [PMID: 33916290 PMCID: PMC8037654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy is rarely studied due to its low incidence (1:1000). However, as a result of different sociocultural and economic changes, women are postponing pregnancy, so the number of pregnant women with cancer has been increasing in recent years. The importance of studying cancer during pregnancy is not only based on maternal and foetal prognosis, but also on the evolutionary mechanisms of the cell biology of trophoblasts and neoplastic cells, which point out similarities between and suggest new fields for the study of cancer. Moreover, the magnitude of how cancer factors can affect trophoblastic cells, and vice versa, in altering the foetus's nutrition and health is still a subject to be understood. In this context, the objective of this narrative review was to show that some researchers point out the importance of supplementing branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, in experimental models of pregnancy associated with women with cancer. A leucine-rich diet may be an interesting strategy to preserve physiological placenta metabolism for protecting the mother and foetus from the harmful effects of cancer during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil; (M.d.M.S.O.); (C.d.M.S.)
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4
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de Moraes Salgado C, da Silva Miyaguti NA, de Oliveira SCP, Favero-Santos BC, Viana LR, de Moraes Santos Oliveira M, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Cancer during pregnancy. Maternal, placenta, and fetal damage. Nutrition, antioxidant defenses, and adult offspring tumor-bearing. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rasool A, Alvarado-Flores F, O'Tierney-Ginn P. Placental Impact of Dietary Supplements: More Than Micronutrients. Clin Ther 2020; 43:226-245. [PMID: 33358257 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary supplementation is therefore necessary to meet nutritional goals. The effects of many supplements on placental development and function are poorly understood. In this review, we address the therapeutic potential of maternal dietary supplementation on placental development and function in both healthy and complicated pregnancies. METHODS This is a narrative review of original research articles published between February 1970 and July 2020 on dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and placental outcomes (including nutrient uptake, metabolism and delivery, as well as growth and efficiency). Impacts of placental changes on fetal outcomes were also reviewed. Both human and animal studies were included. FINDINGS We found evidence of a potential therapeutic benefit of several supplements on maternal and fetal outcomes via their placental impacts. Our review supports a role for probiotics as a placental therapeutic, with effects that include improved inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may prevent preterm birth and poor placental efficiency. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (as found in fish oil) during pregnancy tempers the negative effects of maternal obesity but may have little placental impact in healthy lean women. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation on maternal health and fetal growth are largely attributable to its placental impacts. l-arginine supplementation has a potent provascularization effect on the placenta, which may underlie its fetal growth-promoting properties. IMPLICATIONS The placenta is exquisitely sensitive to dietary supplements. Pregnant women should consult their health care practitioner before continuing or initiating use of a dietary supplement. Because little is known about impacts of many supplements on placental and long-term offspring health, more research is required before robust clinical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rasool
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Li CY, Wang Q, Wang XM, Li GX, Shen S, Wei XL. Gambogic acid exhibits anti-metastatic activity on malignant melanoma mainly through inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172719. [PMID: 31586634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) is a potential anti-cancer compound that is extracted from the resin of Garciania hanburyi. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-metastatic effect of GA on melanoma cell lines in vitro and to explore the underlying mechanism. The anti-proliferative activity of GA on melanoma cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The Wound-healing, transwell, adhesion, and tube formation assays were performed to examine the inhibition of GA on the cell's migration, invasion, adhesion, and angiogenesis capacities, respectively. Enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by gelatin zymography assay. Protein expressions regulated by GA treatment were tested by Western blot assay. The present results showed that GA significantly inhibited the proliferation of highly metastatic melanoma A375, B16-F10 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in time- and doses-dependent manners. Furthermore, GA significantly inhibited the migratory, invasive and adhesive properties of A375 and B16-F10 cells, and tube-forming potential of HUVECs at sub-IC50 concentrations, where no significant cytotoxicity was observed. Mechanistically, GA treatment suppressed the EMT and angiogenesis processes and reduced the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, abnormal PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in A375 and B16-F10 cells and HUVECs were notably suppressed by GA treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that GA exerts anti-metastasis activity in melanoma cells by suppressing the EMT and angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways, and might be used as a phytomedicine against metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, No. 507 Zhengmin, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guo-Xia Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wei
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
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A leucine-rich diet modulates the mTOR cell signalling pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle under different Walker-256 tumour growth conditions. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:349. [PMID: 30975087 PMCID: PMC6458732 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact signalling mechanism of the mTOR complex remains a subject of constant debate, even with some evidence that amino acids participate in the same pathway as used for insulin signalling during protein synthesis. Therefore, this work conducted further study of the actions of amino acids, especially leucine, in vivo, in an experimental model of cachexia. We analysed the effects of a leucine-rich diet on the signalling pathway of protein synthesis in muscle during a tumour growth time-course. Methods Wistar rats were distributed into groups based on Walker-256 tumour implant and subjected to a leucine-rich diet and euthanised at three different time points following tumour development (the 7th, 14th and 21st day). We assessed the mTOR pathway key-proteins in gastrocnemius muscle, such as RAG-A-GTPase, ERK/MAP4K3, PKB/Akt, mTOR, p70S6K1, Jnk, IRS-1, STAT3, and STAT6 comparing among the experimental groups. Serum WF (proteolysis-induced factor like from Walker-256 tumour) and muscle protein synthesis and degradation were assessed. Results The tumour-bearing group had increased serum WF content, and the skeletal-muscle showed a reduction in IRS-1 and RAG activation, increased PKB/Akt and Erk/MAP4K3 on the 21st day, and maintenance of p70S6K1, associated with increases in muscle STAT-3 and STAT-6 levels in these tumour-bearing rats. Conclusion Meanwhile, the leucine-rich diet modulated key steps of the mTOR pathway by triggering the increased activation of RAG and mTOR and maintaining JNK, STAT-3 and STAT-6 levels in muscle, leading to an increased muscle protein synthesis, reducing the degradation during tumour evolution in a host, minimising the cancer-induced damages in the cachectic state.
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8
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Zhang Z, Tang J, Di R, Liu Q, Wang X, Gan S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hu W, Chu M. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Key Sheep (Ovis aries) Hypothalamus LncRNAs that Affect Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E152. [PMID: 30965601 PMCID: PMC6523726 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which execute their functions mainly through modulating the activities of their target genes, have been have been widely studied for many years (including a number of studies involving lncRNAs in the ovary and uterus). Herein, for the first time, we detect lncRNAs in sheep hypothalami with FecB++ through RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and identify a number of known and novel lncRNAs, with 622 and 809 found to be differentially expressed in polytocous sheep in the follicular phase (PF) vs. monotocous sheep in the follicular phase (MF) and polytocous sheep in the luteal phase (PL) vs. monotocous sheep in the luteal phase (ML), respectively. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed based on the predicted target genes. The most highly enriched GO terms (at the molecular function level) included carbonyl reductase (NADPH), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+), and prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase activity in PF vs. MF, and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding in PL vs. ML was associated with sheep fecundity. Interestingly, the phenomena of valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation in PL vs. ML, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis in PF vs. MF, were present. In addition, the interactome of lncRNA and its targets showed that MSTRG.26777 and its cis-targets ENSOARG00000013744, ENSOARG00000013700, and ENSOARG00000013777, and MSTRG.105228 and its target WNT7A may participate in the sheep reproductive process at the hypothalamus level. Significantly, MSTRG.95128 and its cis-target Forkhead box L1 (FOXG1) were shown to be upregulated in PF vs. MF but downregulated in PL vs. ML. All of these results may be attributed to discoveries of new candidate genes and pathways related to sheep reproduction, and they may provide new views for understanding sheep reproduction without the effects of the FecB mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jishun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shangquan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. Proteasome-mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1916-1973. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Rajasthan; Rajasthan India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
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Ni Z, Yi J. Oxymatrine induces nasopharyngeal cancer cell death through inhibition of PI3K/AKT and NF‑κB pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9701-9706. [PMID: 29152662 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, induce tumor cell differentiation and fight against tumor angiogenesis, as well as inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of oxymatrine on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cell death, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects. NPC HK‑1 cells were incubated overnight and treated with oxymatrine (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/ml) for 1, 2 or 3 days. The results demonstrated that oxymatrine significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Oxymatrine treatment also induced apoptosis, induced the activities of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, promoted p53 and Bax protein expression, and suppressed cyclin D protein expression in these cells. The protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)‑AKT, p‑mammalian target of rapamycin, p‑p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were significantly downregulated by oxymatrine treatment. In conclusion, results from the present study suggested that oxymatrine may induce NPC cell death through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT and NF‑κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Ni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Yi
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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11
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Dimasuay KG, Aitken EH, Rosario F, Njie M, Glazier J, Rogerson SJ, Fowkes FJI, Beeson JG, Powell T, Jansson T, Boeuf P. Inhibition of placental mTOR signaling provides a link between placental malaria and reduced birthweight. BMC Med 2017; 15:1. [PMID: 28049467 PMCID: PMC5209943 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria can trigger intervillositis, a local inflammatory response more strongly associated with low birthweight than placental malaria infection alone. Fetal growth (and therefore birthweight) is dependent on placental amino acid transport, which is impaired in placental malaria-associated intervillositis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, a pathway known to regulate amino acid transport, is inhibited in placental malaria-associated intervillositis, contributing to lower birthweight. METHODS We determined the link between intervillositis, mTOR signaling activity, and amino acid uptake in tissue biopsies from both uninfected placentas and malaria-infected placentas with and without intervillositis, and in an in vitro model using primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. RESULTS We demonstrated that (1) placental mTOR activity is lower in cases of placental malaria with intervillositis, (2) placental mTOR activity is negatively correlated with the degree of inflammation, and (3) inhibition of placental mTOR activity is associated with reduced placental amino acid uptake and lower birthweight. In PHT cells, we showed that (1) inhibition of mTOR signaling is a mechanistic link between placental malaria-associated intervillositis and decreased amino acid uptake and (2) constitutive mTOR activation partially restores amino acid uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the concept that inhibition of placental mTOR signaling constitutes a mechanistic link between placental malaria-associated intervillositis and decreased amino acid uptake, which may contribute to lower birthweight. Restoring placental mTOR signaling in placental malaria may increase birthweight and improve neonatal survival, representing a new potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Genelyn Dimasuay
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia. .,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Fredrick Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madi Njie
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Glazier
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Beeson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Theresa Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Philippe Boeuf
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3004, VIC, Australia. .,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia. .,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Viana LR, Canevarolo R, Luiz ACP, Soares RF, Lubaczeuski C, Zeri ACDM, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Leucine-rich diet alters the 1H-NMR based metabolomic profile without changing the Walker-256 tumour mass in rats. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:764. [PMID: 27716121 PMCID: PMC5048609 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cachexia is one of the most important causes of cancer-related death. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, has been used to minimise loss of muscle tissue, although few studies have examined the effect of this type of nutritional supplementation on the metabolism of the tumour-bearing host. Therefore, the present study evaluated whether a leucine-rich diet affects metabolomic derangements in serum and tumour tissues in tumour-bearing Walker-256 rats (providing an experimental model of cachexia). Methods After 21 days feeding Wistar female rats a leucine-rich diet, distributed in L-leucine and LW-leucine Walker-256 tumour-bearing groups, we examined the metabolomic profile of serum and tumour tissue samples and compared them with samples from tumour-bearing rats fed a normal protein diet (C – control; W – tumour-bearing groups). We utilised 1H-NMR as a means to study the serum and tumour metabolomic profile, tumour proliferation and tumour protein synthesis pathway. Results Among the 58 serum metabolites examined, we found that 12 were altered in the tumour-bearing group, reflecting an increase in activity of some metabolic pathways related to energy production, which diverted many nutrients toward tumour growth. Despite displaying increased tumour cell activity (i.e., higher Ki-67 and mTOR expression), there were no differences in tumour mass associated with changes in 23 metabolites (resulting from valine, leucine and isoleucine synthesis and degradation, and from the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies) in the leucine-tumour group. This result suggests that the majority of nutrients were used for host maintenance. Conclusion A leucine rich-diet, largely used to prevent skeletal muscle loss, did not affect Walker 256 tumour growth and led to metabolomic alterations that may partially explain the positive effects of leucine for the whole tumour-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Rosa Viana
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Canevarolo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Caroline Perina Luiz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Frias Soares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083862, São Paulo, Brazil.
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