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Zeng J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Wang Y, Quan R, Song W, Guo D, Wang S, Chen J, Xiao H, Huang HL. Identification of zona pellucida defects revealed a novel loss-of-function mutation in ZP2 in humans and rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1169378. [PMID: 37293489 PMCID: PMC10244809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1169378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human zona pellucida (ZP) plays an important role in reproductive process. Several rare mutations in the encoding genes (ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3) have been demonstrated to cause women infertility. Mutations in ZP2 have been reported to cause ZP defects or empty follicle syndrome. We aimed to identify pathogenic variants in an infertile woman with a thin zona pellucida (ZP) phenotype and investigated the effect of ZP defects on oocyte gene transcription. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing of genes were performed for infertilite patients characterized by fertilization failure in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF). Immunofluorescence (IF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were used in the mutant oocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to investigate transcriptomes of the gene-edited (Zp2mut/mut) rat model. Biological function enrichment analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and IF were performed. Results We identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation of ZP2 (c.1924C > T, p.Arg642X) in a patient with non-consanguineous married parents. All oocytes showed a thin or no ZP under a light microscope and were fertilized after ICSI. The patient successfully conceived by receiving the only two embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. The immunofluorescence staining showed an apparently abnormal form of the stopped oocytes. We further demonstrated a total of 374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome profiles of Zp2mut/mut rats oocytes and highlighted the signal communication between oocytes and granulosa cells. The pathway enrichment results of DEGs showed that they were enriched in multiple signaling pathways, especially the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in oocyte development. qRT-PCR, IF, and phosphorylation analysis showed significantly downregulated expressions of Acvr2b, Smad2, p38MAPK, and Bcl2 and increased cleaved-caspase 3 protein expression. Discussion Our findings expanded the known mutational spectrum of ZP2 associated with thin ZP and natural fertilization failure. Disruption of the integrity of the ZP impaired the TGF-β signaling pathway between oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells, leading to increased apoptosis and decreased developmental potential of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaozhu Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruping Quan
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanjuan Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengran Wang
- Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Lin Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bahena-Alvarez D, Millan-Aldaco D, Rincón-Heredia R, Escamilla-Avila N, Hernandez-Cruz A. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Insp3Rs, and RyRs in the immature mouse ovary. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:85. [PMID: 35869556 PMCID: PMC9306205 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The postnatal mammalian ovary undergoes a series of changes to ensure the maturation of sufficient follicles to support ovulation and fecundation over the reproductive life. It is well known that intracellular [Ca2+]i signals are necessary for ovulation, fertilization, and egg activation. However, we lack detailed knowledge of the molecular identity, cellular distribution, and functional role of Ca2+ channels expressed during folliculogenesis. In the neonatal period, ovarian maturation is controlled by protein growth factors released from the oocyte and granulosa cells. Conversely, during the early infantile period, maturation becomes gonadotropin-dependent and is controlled by granulosa and theca cells. The significance of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in folliculogenesis is supported by the observation that mice lacking the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV in granulosa cells suffer abnormal follicular development and impaired fertility.
Results
Using immunofluorescence in frozen ovarian sections and confocal microscopy, we assessed the expression of high-voltage activated Ca2+ channel alpha subunits and InsP3 and ryanodine receptors in the postnatal period from 3 to 16 days. During the neonatal stage, oocytes from primordial and primary follicles show high expression of various Ca2+-selective channels, with granulosa and stroma cells expressing significantly less. These channels are likely involved in supporting Ca2+-dependent secretion of peptide growth factors. In contrast, during the early and late infantile periods, Ca2+ channel expression in the oocyte diminishes, increasing significantly in the granulosa and particularly in immature theca cells surrounding secondary follicles.
Conclusions
The developmental switch of Ca2+ channel expression from the oocytes to the perifollicular cells likely reflects the vanishing role of the oocytes once granulosa and theca cells take control of folliculogenesis in response to gonadotropins acting on their receptors.
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The use of intraovarian injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in patients with poor ovarian response and premature ovarian insufficiency. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 34:133-137. [PMID: 35645011 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intraovarian injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a novel treatment for patients with poor ovarian response (POR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). This article reviews the latest literature on the effect of PRP on markers of ovarian reserve, oocyte and embryo yield, and live birth for these poor prognosis patients. RECENT FINDINGS Several case series and one prospective trial have demonstrated improvements in markers of ovarian reserve in patients with POI and POR and improved oocyte and embryo yields in patients with POR. These studies report multiple live births in patients who had previously failed treatment. The positive effects of PRP persist throughout the literature despite the fact that multiple protocols for preparing and injecting PRP exist, with no consensus on the optimal protocol. SUMMARY Intra-ovarian injection of PRP is a promising new technology for poor prognosis patients. Rigorous and appropriately controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm the utility of this treatment for improving patients' ability to successfully conceive.
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Maylem ERS, Spicer LJ. Effects of transforming growth factor β1 on steroidogenesis of feline granulosa cells cultured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:789-797. [PMID: 35605602 DOI: 10.1071/rd22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Little is known about the hormonal regulation of feline ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. AIMS To determine if transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1), activin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), melatonin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) regulate granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in cats, three experiments were conducted in winter season. METHODS Granulosa cells were isolated and treated in vitro with various hormones in serum-free medium for 48h after an initial 48h plating in 10% fetal calf serum. KEY RESULTS Treatment with IGF1 and FSH increased (P<0.05) estradiol production by 2.3- and 1.33-fold, respectively. In contrast, TGFB1 blocked (P<0.05) IGF1-induced estradiol production and inhibited FSH-induced estradiol production by 60%. Combined with FSH or FSH plus IGF1, TGFB1 inhibited (P<0.05) cell proliferation, whereas TGFB1 increased progesterone production by 2.8-fold in the presence of FSH plus IGF1. EGF decreased (P<0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced estradiol production by 89% but did not affect progesterone production or cell numbers. Activin did not affect (P>0.10) cell numbers or steroidogenesis in the presence of FSH plus IGF1. Melatonin and LH decreased (P<0.05) estradiol production 53% and 59%, respectively, without affecting progesterone production or cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The present study has identified TGFB1 as a major regulator of feline ovarian function, in addition to EGF, IGF1, melatonin, LH and FSH. IMPLICATIONS These studies will provide useful information for future development of fertility control in feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Excel R S Maylem
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Orisaka M, Miyazaki Y, Shirafuji A, Tamamura C, Tsuyoshi H, Tsang BK, Yoshida Y. The role of pituitary gonadotropins and intraovarian regulators in follicle development: A mini-review. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:169-175. [PMID: 33850449 PMCID: PMC8022101 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of follicle development is tightly regulated by pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) and intraovarian regulators (eg, steroids, growth factors, and cytokines). METHODS This review outlines recent findings on the mechanisms of human follicle development, based on the research on animal models such as mice, rats, cows, and sheep. MAIN FINDINGS Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and anti-Müllerian hormone are involved in primordial follicle activation during the gonadotropin-independent phase. The intraovarian regulators, such as androgen, insulin-like growth factor system, activin, oocyte-derived factors (growth differentiation factor-9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15), and gap junction membrane channel protein (connexin), play a central role in the acquisition of FSH dependence in preantral follicles during the gonadotropin-responsive phase. Antral follicle development can be divided into FSH-dependent growth and LH-dependent maturation. The indispensable tetralogy for follicle selection and final maturation of antral follicles involves (a) acquisition of LH dependence, (b) greater capacity for E2 production, (c) activation of the IGF system, and (d) an antiapoptotic follicular microenvironment. CONCLUSION We reproductive endocrinologists should accumulate further knowledge from animal model studies to develop methods that promote early folliculogenesis and connect to subsequent gonadotropin therapy in infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Orisaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Yumiko Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Aya Shirafuji
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Chiyo Tamamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Hideaki Tsuyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Reproductive Biology UnitDepartments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Chronic Disease ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteCritical Care WingThe Ottawa Hospital ‐ General CampusOttawaONCanada
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of FukuiYoshida‐GunJapan
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Chiara Perego M, Bellitto N, Maylem ERS, Caloni F, Spicer LJ. Effects of selected hormones and their combination on progesterone and estradiol production and proliferation of feline granulosa cells cultured in vitro. Theriogenology 2021; 168:1-12. [PMID: 33826978 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the hormonal regulation of feline ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. The present study aimed to develop a hormone responsive granulosa cell culture system to measure steroidogenic and cell proliferation responses to help identify factors that might regulate ovarian function in queens. Five experiments were conducted each with 75 or more ovaries, three in spring and two in fall seasons. Granulosa cells were isolated and treated in vitro with various hormones in serum-free medium for 48 h after an initial 48 h plating in 10% fetal calf serum. In granulosa cells isolated from spring and fall collected feline ovaries, IGF1 alone and combined with FSH stimulated (P < 0.05) cell proliferation, whereas FSH alone had no effect (P > 0.10) on cell proliferation. Also, in granulosa cells collected in spring and fall, IGF1 alone and FSH alone increased (P < 0.05) estradiol production by severalfold, and a combination of FSH and IGF1 increased (P < 0.05) estradiol production above either FSH or IGF1 treatment alone. The FSH plus IGF1 treatment increased (P < 0.05) CYP19A1 mRNA abundance by 27-fold. In contrast, EGF decreased (P < 0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced estradiol production by over 80% in granulosa cells of both spring and fall collected ovaries. In granulosa cells isolated from spring and fall collected ovaries, IGF1 plus FSH inhibited (P < 0.05) progesterone production. Melatonin increased (P < 0.05) FSH plus IGF1-induced cell proliferation and amplified (P < 0.05) the FSH plus IGF1-induced inhibition of progesterone production. However, melatonin and GH had no effect (P > 0.10) on estradiol production either alone or in combination with FSH plus IGF1 in both spring and fall. Prolactin, FGF9 and activin had no effect (P > 0.10) on cell proliferation or steroidogenesis. FGF2 decreased (P < 0.05) estradiol production without affecting progesterone production or cell numbers. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) increased (P < 0.05) progesterone production but had no effect (P > 0.10) on granulosa cell proliferation or estradiol production. In conclusion, the in vitro system described herewithin may be useful to assess and evaluate ovarian function in feline species and has identified EGF, FSH and IGF1 as major regulators of feline ovarian follicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiara Perego
- Department of of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Nicholas Bellitto
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Excel Rio S Maylem
- Department of of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Cui Z, Shen X, Zhang X, Li F, Amevor FK, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li D, Shu G, Tian Y, Zhao X. A functional polymorphism of inhibin alpha subunit at miR-181b-1-3p-binding site regulates proliferation and apoptosis of chicken ovarian granular cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:545-560. [PMID: 33439349 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INHA, the gene encoding the inhibin alpha subunit, was involved in folliculogenesis in mammals, but no study was reported for its working pathway in birds. Here we hypothesize that gene polymorphism in INHA 3'UTR might influence miRNAs binding efficiency and further affect the function of this gene. Thus, we investigated the association between the 3'UTR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in INHA and the laying performance in chickens and further explore their possible molecular cascades in granulosa cells (GC). Five SNPs were detected in Tianfu green-shell layers and g. 22,178,975 G > A was significantly associated with total egg numbers at the age of 300 days (EN, n = 286). Birds carrying the AA genotype laid more EN than those with GG (P < 0.05). The allele transition from G to A in the 3'UTR of INHA gene destroyed a binding site which was targeted by miR-181b-1-3p. The expression abundances of INHA mRNA increased firstly and then decreased with follicle growing, and reached the top in the sixth largest pre-ovulation follicle, whereas miR-181b-1-3p levels in chicken pre-hierarchical follicles had the contrary tendency. Further studies indicated that high levels of miR-181b-1-3p increased apoptosis and reduced GC proliferation while miR-181b-1-3p inhibitors decreased apoptosis and promoted GC proliferation. Additionally, depression of INHA increased apoptosis and reduced GC proliferation via a caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Generally, the mutation in INHA 3'UTR was tightly correlated with egg production in chickens, and blocked a binding site of miR-181b-1-3p. miR-181b-1-3p inhibited GC proliferation and promoted apoptosis by targeting INHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xianxian Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fugui Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Cui Z, Liu L, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Yin H, Li D, Tian Y, Shu G, Zhao X. Inhibin A regulates follicular development via hormone secretion and granulosa cell behaviors in laying hens. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:337-350. [PMID: 32377876 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibin A regulates follicular development, and its expression level is related to physiological activities, such as the recruitment, selection, and predominance during follicular development. Therefore, examining inhibin A and its regulatory effects on the reproductive performance of poultry is crucial. In this study, we measured the mRNA and protein abundances of INHA and INHBA in the chicken reproductive system and determined the hormone secretion and apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (GCs) after being treated with inhibin A protein, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze GC apoptosis in INHA-specific small RNA interference (siRNA). We detected that INHA and INHBA were mainly expressed in chicken follicles. The highest INHA mRNA abundance was found in the fifth largest preovulatory follicle (F5) (P < 0.05). INHBA mRNA expression in the largest preovulatory follicle (F1) was significantly higher than those in other follicles (P < 0.05). Similar results were found for INHA and INHBA protein expression in those follicles (P < 0.05). Treatment with inhibin A protein increased the activity of GCs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), which was characterized by decreased gene expression of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and Caspase-3 (P < 0.05) and increased expression of proliferation genes Bcl-2 and PCNA (P < 0.05). Additionally, inhibin A significantly increased the secretion of progesterone and estradiol (P < 0.05). RNAi-mediated knockdown of INHA increased apoptosis in GCs via a Caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Department of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Apt 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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Nagashima JB, Wildt DE, Travis AJ, Songsasen N. Activin promotes growth and antral cavity expansion in the dog ovarian follicle. Theriogenology 2019; 129:168-177. [PMID: 30856402 PMCID: PMC6445547 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding regulators of folliculogenesis remains limited in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), which challenges our ability to develop in vitro follicle culture systems for canid genome rescue efforts. Here, we investigated the influence of activin on dog follicle development and survival, oocyte quality, and FSH receptor expression in culture. Preantral (150 - ≤230 μm diameter), early antral (231 - ≤330 μm), and antral (>330-550 μm) stage follicles were encapsulated in a fibrin-alginate hydrogel with 0, 100, or 200 ng/ml rhActivin plus 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/ml FSH for 12 or 21 d of in vitro culture. All follicle groups increased in diameter (P < 0.05) with activin acting synergistically with FSH to improve (P < 0.05) growth and antral cavity expansion (to >630 μm) in early antral and antral cohorts. This complementary effect was not linked to changes in FSHR mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Although not influencing (P > 0.05) follicle survival or transzonal projection (TZP) density in shorter term 12 d culture, activin in the presence of 1 ng/ml FSH maintained TZP density from the 12-21 d interval. Activin also increased oocyte diameter and improved nuclear integrity compared to un-supplemented controls. These results indicate that activin acts synergistically with FSH to promote growth and antral cavity expansion of the dog follicle in vitro, information useful to formulating an effective culture microenvironment for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Nagashima
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA; Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - David E Wildt
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Alexander J Travis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nucharin Songsasen
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
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Jones ASK, Shikanov A. Follicle development as an orchestrated signaling network in a 3D organoid. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30647770 PMCID: PMC6327556 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovarian follicle is the structural and functional unit of the ovary, composed of the female gamete (the oocyte) and supportive somatic cells. Follicles are not only the source of a female's germ cell supply, but also secrete important hormones necessary for proper endocrine function. Folliculogenesis, the growth and maturation of the follicular unit, is a complex process governed by both intrafollicular crosstalk and pituitary-secreted hormones. While the later stages of this process are gonadotropin-dependent, early folliculogenesis appears to be controlled by the ovarian microenvironment and intrafollicular paracrine and autocrine signaling. In vitro follicle culture remains challenging because of the limited knowledge of growth factors and other cytokines influencing early follicle growth. Here we discuss the current state of knowledge on paracrine and autocrine signaling influencing primary follicles as they develop into the antral stage. Given the importance of intrafollicular signaling and the ovarian microenvironment, we reviewed the current engineering approaches for in vitro follicle culture, including 3D systems using natural hydrogels such as alginate and synthetic hydrogels such as poly(ethylene glycol). Our discussion is focused on what drives the proliferation of granulosa cells, development of the thecal layer, and antrum formation-three processes integral to follicle growth up to the antral stage. Further research in this area may reveal the mechanisms behind these complex signaling relationships within the follicle, leading to more successful and physiologically-relevant in vitro culture methods that will translate well to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. K. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2126 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2126 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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11
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Bloise E, Ciarmela P, Dela Cruz C, Luisi S, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Activin A in Mammalian Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:739-780. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. The current understanding of activin A surpasses the reproductive system and allows its classification as a hormone, a growth factor, and a cytokine. In more than 30 yr of intense research, activin A was localized in female and male reproductive organs but also in other organs and systems as diverse as the brain, liver, lung, bone, and gut. Moreover, its roles include embryonic differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall in early pregnancy, and fetal/neonate brain protection in hypoxic conditions. It is now recognized that activin A overexpression may be either cytostatic or mitogenic, depending on the cell type, with important implications for tumor biology. Activin A also regulates bone formation and regeneration, enhances joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and triggers pathogenic mechanisms in the respiratory system. In this 30-yr review, we analyze the evidence for physiological roles of activin A and the potential use of activin agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Fernando M. Reis
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
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Wang JJ, Ge W, Liu JC, Klinger FG, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Complete in vitro oogenesis: retrospects and prospects. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1845-1852. [PMID: 28841213 PMCID: PMC5635224 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of mammalian oogenesis has been a traditional focus of reproductive and developmental biology research. Recently, new reports have introduced the possibility of obtaining functional gametes derived in vitro from stem cells. The potential to produce functional gametes from stem cells has exciting applications for regenerative medicine though still remains challenging. In mammalian females ovulation and fertilization is a privilege reserved for a small number of oocytes. In reality the vast majority of oocytes formed from primordial germ cells (PGCs) will undergo apoptosis, or other forms of cell death. Removal occurs during germ cell cyst breakdown and the establishment of the primordial follicle (PF) pool, during the long dormancy at the PF stage, or through follicular atresia prior to reaching the ovulatory stage. A way to solve this limitation could be to produce large numbers of oocytes, in vitro, from stem cells. However, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and produce fertilizable oocytes in vitro is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. In 2016, two papers published by Morohaku et al. and Hikabe et al. reported in vitro procedures that appear to reproduce efficiently these conditions allowing for the production, completely in a dish, of a relatively large number of oocytes that are fertilizable and capable of giving rise to viable offspring in the mouse. The present article offers a critical overview of these results as well as other previous work performed mainly in mouse attempting to reproduce oogenesis completely in vitro and considers some perspectives for the potential to adapt the methods to produce functional human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Francesca Gioia Klinger
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Lopes AC, Palhão MP, Fernandes C, Sudano MJ, Castilho A, Caixeta ES. Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor family members in immature cumulus-oocyte complexes from dairy cows with different genotypes. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1067-1073. [PMID: 28744919 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been evident the improvement of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in dairy cows. Nevertheless, it is known that differences in the number and quality of oocytes between taurine and zebu females impact the efficiency and economic viability of IVEP. As the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is related to follicular and oocyte development, we aimed to quantify mRNA abundance of IGF system members and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) in the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) of Gir, 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir and Holstein cows. Four pools of 30 immature COCs from Gir, 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir and Holstein cows were obtained by ovum pickup (OPU), and the oocytes and cumulus cells (CC) were mechanically separated and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from pools of 30 oocytes and their respective CC. Expression of target genes was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. In oocytes, the abundance of IGFR1 mRNA was higher (p < .05) in Gir cows compared with the other breeds. In contrast, in CC, mRNA encoding IGF2 (p < .05), IGFR2 (p < .05) and IGFBP4 (p < .01) was higher in Holstein donors compared with Gir and 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir cows. Additionally, the abundance of PAPPA mRNA was higher in oocytes (p < .001) and CC (p < .01) in Gir and 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir cows compared with the Holstein donors. In conclusion, the higher abundance of PAPPA mRNA in the oocytes and CC from Gir and cross-breed donors combined with the low expression of IGFBP4 in the CC suggests an enhancement of the bioavailability of IGF-free when compared with Holstein COCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lopes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of José Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - M P Palhão
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of José Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Cac Fernandes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of José Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - M J Sudano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Acs Castilho
- University of Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - E S Caixeta
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of José Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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14
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Tepekoy F, Akkoyunlu G. The effect of FSH and activin A on Akt and MAPK1/3 phosphorylation in cultured bovine ovarian cortical strips. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:13. [PMID: 26969445 PMCID: PMC4788891 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background rhFSH and rhActA have been used in mammalian ovarian follicle culture systems for activation of follicular growth in vitro and suggested to be responsible for primordial follicle survival through MAPK and Akt pathways. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of rhFSH and rhActA on Akt, pAkt, MAPK1/3 and pMAPK1/3 protein levels in bovine ovarian cortical strips cultured in vitro. Methods Ovarian cortical strips from heifers were cultured in the presence of rhFSH (50 ng/mL), rhActA (100 ng/mL) or combination of these factors for 6 days. The strips were embedded in paraffin for histological observations and homogenized for western blot to determine Akt, pAkt, MAPK1/3 and pMAPK1/3 protein levels after the culture. Determination of primordial, primary and secondary follicle proportions at the end of culture as well as comparison of healthy follicle for each developmental stage after the culture was performed to quantify follicle survival and activation. Results pAkt protein levels were significantly lower in rhFSH + rhActA group among the other groups, whereas pMAPK1/3 levels were not significantly changed. Follicular activation and survival was measured to be significantly lower in rhFSH + rhActA group. Percentage of healthy primordial follicles was higher in control group whereas healthy secondary follicle proportion was higher in both rhActA and rhFSH groups. rhActA alone had a better impact on follicular activation, since the percentage of the secondary follicles was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Conclusions The use of rhActA and rhFSH alone or in the combined form results in differential levels of Akt and MAPK proteins. Both rhActA and rhFSH alone has a remarkable contribution in survival and activation of the follicles in accordance with higher levels of these proteins. Thus, the manipulation of Akt and MAPK pathways with appropriate activators might contribute to proper activation and development of ovarian follicles in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
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Higuchi CM, Maeda Y, Horiuchi T, Yamazaki Y. A Simplified Method for Three-Dimensional (3-D) Ovarian Tissue Culture Yielding Oocytes Competent to Produce Full-Term Offspring in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143114. [PMID: 26571501 PMCID: PMC4646357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro growth of follicles is a promising technology to generate large quantities of competent oocytes from immature follicles and could expand the potential of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Isolated follicle culture is currently the primary method used to develop and mature follicles in vitro. However, this procedure typically requires complicated, time-consuming procedures, as well as destruction of the normal ovarian microenvironment. Here we describe a simplified 3-D ovarian culture system that can be used to mature multilayered secondary follicles into antral follicles, generating developmentally competent oocytes in vitro. Ovaries recovered from mice at 14 days of age were cut into 8 pieces and placed onto a thick Matrigel drop (3-D culture) for 10 days of culture. As a control, ovarian pieces were cultured on a membrane filter without any Matrigel drop (Membrane culture). We also evaluated the effect of activin A treatment on follicle growth within the ovarian pieces with or without Matrigel support. Thus we tested four different culture conditions: C (Membrane/activin-), A (Membrane/activin+), M (Matrigel/activin-), and M+A (Matrigel/activin+). We found that the cultured follicles and oocytes steadily increased in size regardless of the culture condition used. However, antral cavity formation occurred only in the follicles grown in the 3-D culture system (M, M+A). Following ovarian tissue culture, full-grown GV oocytes were isolated from the larger follicles to evaluate their developmental competence by subjecting them to in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Maturation and fertilization rates were higher using oocytes grown in 3-D culture (M, M+A) than with those grown in membrane culture (C, A). In particular, activin A treatment further improved 3-D culture (M+A) success. Following IVF, two-cell embryos were transferred to recipients to generate full-term offspring. In summary, this simple and easy 3-D ovarian culture system using a Matrigel drop and activin A supplementation (M+A) provides optimal and convenient conditions to support growth of developmentally competent oocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Higuchi
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yuuki Maeda
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Toshitaka Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamazaki
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim H, Cho YM, Ko YG, Choe C, Seong HH. Relationship between Sloan-Kettering virus expression and mammalian follicular development. ZYGOTE 2015:1-9. [PMID: 26228242 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sloan-Kettering virus gene, a product of a cellular proto-oncogene c-Ski is a unique nuclear pro-oncoprotein and belongs to the Ski/Sno proto-oncogene family. The aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein in rat ovaries in order to find insights into the possible involvement of Ski in follicular development. First, expression of c-Ski mRNA in the ovaries of adult female rats was confirmed by RT-PCR. Then, ovaries obtained on the day of estrus were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for Ski and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in combination with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RT-PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that c-Ski mRNA was expressed in the ovaries of the adult rat on the day of estrous and localized mainly in the granulose cells. Ski was expressed in granulosa cells that were positive for TUNEL, but negative for PCNA, regardless of the shape and size of follicles. Expression of Ski in TUNEL-positive granulosa cells, but not in PCNA-positive granulosa cells, was also verified in rats having atretic follicles with double staining. These results indicate that Ski is profoundly expressed in the granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in growing follicles. Based on the present findings, Ski may play a role in the apoptosis of granulosa cells during follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science,The University of Tokyo,1-1-1 Yayoi,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-8657,Japan
| | - Young Moo Cho
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,National Institute of Animal Science,RDA,Namwon 590-832,Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoung-Gyu Ko
- Animal Biotechnology Division,National Institute of Animal Science,RDA,Suwon 441-706,Republic of Korea
| | - Changyong Choe
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,National Institute of Animal Science,RDA,Namwon 590-832,Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hoo Seong
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center,National Institute of Animal Science,RDA,Namwon 590-832,Republic of Korea
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Xia X, Wang T, Yin T, Yan L, Yan J, Lu C, Zhao L, Li M, Zhang Y, Jin H, Zhu X, Liu P, Li R, Qiao J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Facilitate In Vitro Development of Human Preantral Follicle. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1367-76. [PMID: 25854744 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115578922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological folliculogenesis is a lengthy and complicated process, and follicle growth microenvironment is poorly understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to establish a supportive microenvironment for wound repair, autoimmune diseases amelioration, and tumor development. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate whether MSCs could help to reconstruct a microenvironment to facilitate the in vitro follicle development. Here we show human MSCs significantly promote the survival rates, increase the growth velocity, and improve the viability of preantral follicles in a dose-dependent manner. Further analyses reveal that growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in oocytes and inhibin βA and transforming growth factor β1 in granulose cells within the follicles cocultured with MSCs express notably higher than those in the follicles cultured without MSCs. In summary, our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of MSCs in promoting preantral follicle development and provide a useful strategy to optimize fertility preservation and restoration by facilitating in vitro follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, FuTian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianren Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilin Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, HaiDian District, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Loomans HA, Andl CD. Intertwining of Activin A and TGFβ Signaling: Dual Roles in Cancer Progression and Cancer Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 7:70-91. [PMID: 25560921 PMCID: PMC4381251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a significant amount of research has examined the controversial role of activin A in cancer. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, is best characterized for its function during embryogenesis in mesoderm cell fate differentiation and reproduction. During embryogenesis, TGFβ superfamily ligands, TGFβ, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and activins, act as potent morphogens. Similar to TGFβs and BMPs, activin A is a protein that is highly systemically expressed during early embryogenesis; however, post-natal expression is overall reduced and remains under strict spatiotemporal regulation. Of importance, normal post-natal expression of activin A has been implicated in the migration and invasive properties of various immune cell types, as well as endometrial cells. Aberrant activin A signaling during development results in significant morphological defects and premature mortality. Interestingly, activin A has been found to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles in cancer. Investigations into the role of activin A in prostate and breast cancer has demonstrated tumor suppressive effects, while in lung and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, it has been consistently shown that activin A expression is correlated with increased proliferation, invasion and poor patient prognosis. Activin A signaling is highly context-dependent, which is demonstrated in studies of epithelial cell tumors and the microenvironment. This review discusses normal activin A signaling in comparison to TGFβ and highlights how its dysregulation contributes to cancer progression and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holli A Loomans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Claudia D Andl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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19
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Differential effects of activin-A and FSH on growth, viability and messenger RNA expression in cultured bovine preantral follicles. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Karimpour Malekshah A, Heidari M, Parivar K, Azami NS. The effects of fibroblast co-culture and activin A on in vitro growth of mouse preantral follicles. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 18:49-54. [PMID: 24375163 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1264.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate fibroblast co-culture and Activin A on in vitro maturation and fertilization of mouse preantral follicles. METHODS The ovaries from 12-14-day-old mice were dissected, and 120-150 μm preantral follicles were cultured individually in α-MEM as based medium for 12 days. A total number of 456 follicles were cultured in four conditions: (i) base medium as control group (n = 113), (ii) base medium supplemented with 30 ng/ml Activin A (n = 115), (iii) base medium co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (n = 113), and (iv) base medium supplemented with 30 ng/ml Activin A and co-cultured with fibroblast (n = 115). Rate of growth, survivability, antrum formation, ovulation, embryonic development and steroid production were evaluated. Analysis of Variance and Duncan test were applied for analyzing. RESULTS Both co-culture and co-culture + Activin A groups showed significant difference (P<0.05) in growth (on days 4, 6, and 8 of culture period) and survival rates. However, there was no significant difference in antrum formation, ovulation rate, and embryonic development of ovulated oocytes. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the estradiol production on days 8, 10, and 12 between co-culture + Activin A and the control group. Progesterone production also was significant (P<0.05) in co-culture + Activin A group on days 6, 8, 10, and 12 compared to control group. CONCLUSION Fibroblast co-culture and Activin A promoted growth and survivability of preantral follicles. However, simultaneous use of them was more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah
- Dept. of Anatomy and Embryology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Dept. of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Dept. of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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In vitro developmental competence of prepubertal goat oocytes cultured with recombinant activin-A. Animal 2013; 8:94-101. [PMID: 24176127 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of activin-A during the in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) and in vitro embryo culture (IVC) on nuclear maturation, blastocyst yield and blastocyst quality of prepubertal goat oocytes. In Experiment 1, three groups of oocytes were used during the IVM of prepubertal goat oocytes to determine the optimal concentration of recombinant human activin-A added to the maturation medium. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in an IVM medium containing 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml (groups A0, A10 and A100), fertilized and in vitro cultured using standard procedures. In Experiment 2, the addition of 10 ng/ml activin-A at IVM (A10A0), IVC (A0A10) or IVM+IVC (A10A10) was studied and compared with the control group (A0A0). Results of the first experiment demonstrated that the addition of activin-A yielded similar percentages of maturation (⩽71.0%) and blastocyst formation rates (⩽24.9%) than the control group (A0). Experiment 2 showed that exposure of prepubertal goat oocytes to an IVC medium containing 10 ng/ml activin-A (A0A10) significantly increased the rates of development to the blastocyst stage, as compared with the control group (A0A0) (19.5±2.21% v. 13.1±2.37%, respectively; P<0.05). With regard to the blastocyst quality, total number of cells, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm of prepubertal goat embryos produced in the presence of activin-A did not differ significantly among experimental groups. In summary, these results indicate that supplementation of the IVC medium with activin-A enhances embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes.
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Abstract
The role of activin-A in follicular development and on the mRNA expression levels of different genes in goat secondary follicles was evaluated. Goat secondary follicles (≥ 150 μm) were cultured for 18 days under control conditions or with the addition of either 50 or 100 ng/ml activin-A (Experiment 1). The mRNA levels for the genes that code for activin-A, ActR-IA, ActR-IB, ActR-IIA, ActR-IIB, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) and P450 aromatase were measured in each condition (Experiment 2). We observed that after 6 days of culture, the antrum formation rate was higher in cultures with added activin-A than in the cultured control (P < 0.05). The addition of 50 ng/ml activin-A increased the follicular growth rate in the final third of the culture (days 12-18), resulting in a higher percentage of meiosis resumption (P < 0.05). On day 6, the addition of activin-A (50 ng/ml) increased the levels of ActR-IA mRNA compared with the cultured control (P < 0.05). After 18 days, the addition of 50 ng/ml activin-A significantly increased the levels of its own mRNA compared with the non-cultured control. Moreover, this treatment reduced the mRNA levels of P450 aromatase in comparison with the cultured control (P < 0.05). Higher levels of P450 aromatase mRNA were found for both activin-A treatments compared with the non-cultured control (P < 0.05). No difference in estradiol levels was detected among any of the tested treatments. In conclusion, the addition of activin-A to culture medium stimulated early antrum formation as well as an increase in the daily follicular growth rate and the percentage of meiosis resumption.
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Jidong W, Xiaohui M, Fang D, Xiaojing H, Shuang L, Hongjuan P, Zhenwei Y. Changes in the reproductive endocrine function in rat following intraovary microinjection of inhba overexpression lentivirus vectors. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:775-8. [PMID: 23767829 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.801442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the reproductive endocrine changes after inhba overexpression into rat ovary. METHOD Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Inhba overexpression lentivirus vectors (LV-eGFP-inhba) were microinjected into rat ovary (INH group); Control animals received the same amount lentivirus vector empty (CON group) or LV-eGFP (GFP group). Antral follicle amount and diameter were counted and serum level of activin A, E2, P, FSH, and LH and the expression of ER-α, ER-β, PR, FSHR, and LHR were measured. RESULTS There was no significant difference among three groups in antral follicle amount; antral follicle diameter was increased in INH group rats compared with the other group rats. Serum levels of activin A, E2, P, and FSH were increased and LH was decreased in INH group rats compared with the other group rats. The mRNA and protein expression of ER-α, ER-β, FSHR was higher in INH group rats than that in the other group rats. There was no significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of PR among the three group rats, LHR expression was decreased in INH group rats compared with the other two group rats. CONCLUSION inhba overexpression in rat ovary in vivo may change reproductive endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jidong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing medical university, Chongqing, China
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Effects of thyroxin (T4) and activin A on in vitro growth of preantral follicles in domestic cats. Theriogenology 2013; 79:824-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Vasconcelos GL, Saraiva MVA, Costa JJN, Passos MJ, Silva AWB, Rossi RODS, Portela AMLR, Duarte ABG, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Campelo CC, Figueiredo JR, van den Hurk R, Silva JRV. Effects of growth differentiation factor-9 and FSH on in vitro development, viability and mRNA expression in bovine preantral follicles. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:1194-203. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 and FSH, alone or in combination, on the growth, viability and mRNA expression of FSH receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and proteoglycan-related factors (i.e. hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1, HAS2, versican, perlecan) in bovine secondary follicles before and after in vitro culture. After 12 days culture, sequential FSH (100 ng mL–1 from Days 0 to 6 and 500 ng mL–1 from Days 7 to 12) increased follicular diameter and resulted in increased antrum formation (P < 0.05). Alone, 200 ng mL–1 GDF-9 significantly reduced HAS1 mRNA levels, but increased versican and perlecan mRNA levels in whole follicles, which included the oocyte, theca and granulosa cells. Together, FSH and GDF-9 increased HAS2 and versican (VCAN) mRNA levels, but decreased PCNA mRNA expression, compared with levels in follicles cultured in α-minimum essential medium supplemented with 3.0 mg mL–1 bovine serum albumin, 10 µg mL–1 insulin, 5.5 µg mL–1 transferrin, 5 ng mL–1 selenium, 2 mM glutamine, 2 mM hypoxanthine and 50 μg mL–1 ascorbic acid (α-MEM+). Comparisons of uncultured (0.2 mm) and α-MEM+ cultured follicles revealed that HAS1 mRNA expression was higher, whereas VCAN expression was lower, in cultured follicles (P < 0.05). Expression of HAS1, VCAN and perlecan (HSPG2) was higher in cultured than in vivo-grown (0.3 mm) follicles. In conclusion, FSH and/or GDF-9 promote follicular growth and antrum formation. Moreover, GDF-9 stimulates expression of versican and perlecan and interacts positively with FSH to increase HAS2 expression.
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Hirao Y. Isolation of ovarian components essential for growth and development of mammalian oocytes in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:167-74. [PMID: 22738899 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2011-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ovaries contain a large number of oocytes, most of which degenerate either before or at various stages of growth. Dynamic and precise regulation in the ovary involves many factors, each with a unique role. Identifying the single most important factor is impossible; however, it may be possible to identify factors essential for oocyte growth. It is evident that oocytes can grow into competent ova in vitro; however, how faithfully the follicle should mimic the in vivo conditions remains unclear. In the culture system discussed in this review, bovine and mouse oocyte-granulosa cell complexes, at approximately the late mid-growth stage, spread on a substratum without the involvement of theca cells. The structural simplicity of this system is advantageous because it reduces the basic conditions essential for regulation of oocyte growth. Apart from biological factors, high concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight: 360000) improved oocyte growth. Among ovarian factors, androstenedione was used to compensate for the absence of theca cells, and it promoted both follicular growth and acquisition of oocyte meiotic competence. Most oocytes cultured in a group were viable after long-term culture, suggesting that unlike ovarian events, there was no exhaustive follicle selection. Collectively, oocytes and their associated granulosa cells can establish independent units capable of supporting oocyte growth in appropriately modified culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirao
- Livestock and Forage Research Division, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center (TARC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka 020-0198, Japan.
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27
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Long-term in vitro culture of ovarian cortical tissue in goats: effects of FSH and IGF-I on preantral follicular development and FSH and IGF-I receptor mRNA expression. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:503-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Knight PG, Satchell L, Glister C. Intra-ovarian roles of activins and inhibins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:53-65. [PMID: 21664422 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Granulosa cells are the main ovarian source of inhibins, activins and activin-binding protein (follistatin) while germ (oogonia, oocytes) and somatic (theca, granulosa, luteal) cells express activin receptors, signaling components and inhibin co-receptor (betaglycan). Activins are implicated in various intra-ovarian roles including germ cell survival and primordial follicle assembly; follicle growth from preantral to mid-antral stages; suppression of thecal androgen production; promotion of granulosa cell proliferation, FSHR and CYP19A1 expression; enhancement of oocyte developmental competence; retardation of follicle luteinization and/or atresia and involvement in luteolysis. Inhibins (primarily inhibin A) are produced in greatest amounts by preovulatory follicles (and corpus luteum in primates) and suppress FSH secretion through endocrine negative feedback. Together with follistatin, inhibins act locally to oppose auto-/paracrine activin (and BMP) signaling thus modulating many of the above processes. The balance between activin-inhibin shifts during follicle development with activin signalling prevailing at earlier stages but declining as inhibin and betaglycan expression rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil G Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK.
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29
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Molecular control of oogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1896-912. [PMID: 22634430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oogenesis is a complex process regulated by a vast number of intra- and extra-ovarian factors. Oogonia, which originate from primordial germ cells, proliferate by mitosis and form primary oocytes that arrest at the prophase stage of the first meiotic division until they are fully-grown. Within primary oocytes, synthesis and accumulation of RNAs and proteins throughout oogenesis are essential for oocyte growth and maturation; and moreover, crucial for developing into a viable embryo after fertilization. Oocyte meiotic and developmental competence is gained in a gradual and sequential manner during folliculogenesis and is related to the fact that the oocyte grows in interaction with its companion somatic cells. Communication between oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells is vital, both for oocyte development and for granulosa cells differentiation. Oocytes depend on differentiated cumulus cells, which provide them with nutrients and regulatory signals needed to promote oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and consequently the acquisition of developmental competence.The purpose of this article is to summarize recent knowledge on the molecular aspects of oogenesis and oocyte maturation, and the crucial role of cumulus-cell interactions, highlighting the valuable contribution of experimental evidences obtained in animal models. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular Genetics of Human Reproductive Failure.
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Kim H, Kim DH, Park SB, Ko YG, Kim SW, Do YJ, Park JH, Yang BS. Induction of Ski Protein Expression upon Luteinization in Rat Granulosa Cells. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:635-41. [PMID: 25049607 PMCID: PMC4093106 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ski protein is implicated in proliferation/differentiation in a variety of cells. We had previously reported that Ski protein is present in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that Ski has a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells. The alternative fate of granulosa cells other than apoptosis is to differentiate to luteal cells; however, it is unknown whether Ski is expressed and has a role in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein in the rat ovary during luteinizationto predict the possible role of Ski. In order to examine the expression pattern of Ski protein along with the progress of luteinization, follicular growth was induced by administration of equine chorionic gonadtropin to immature female rats, and luteinization was induced by human chorionic gonadtropin treatment to mimic luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. While no Ski-positive granulosa cells were present in preovulatory follicle, Ski protein expression was induced in response to LH surge, and was maintained after the formation of the corpus luteum (CL). Though Ski protein is absent in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicle, its mRNA (c-Ski) was expressed and the level was unchanged even after LH surge. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Ski protein expression is induced in granulosa cells upon luteinization, and suggests that its expression is regulated post-transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan ; Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Soo Bong Park
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Yeoung-Gyu Ko
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Do
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Park
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea
| | - Boh-Suk Yang
- Korean Native Cattle Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 232-952, Korea
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Young JM, Henderson S, Souza C, Ludlow H, Groome N, McNeilly AS. Activin B is produced early in antral follicular development and suppresses thecal androgen production. Reproduction 2012; 143:637-50. [PMID: 22450673 PMCID: PMC3342735 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of activin B during folliculogenesis. This study investigated the expression levels of activin/inhibin subunits (βA, βB, and α), steroid enzyme, and gonadotrophin receptors in theca (TC) and granulosa cells (GC) by QPCR and activin A and B and inhibin A protein levels in follicular fluid (FF) of developing sheep follicles during estrus and anestrus. The effect of activin B on androgen production from primary TC cultures in vitro was also assessed. During folliculogenesis, in anestrus and estrus, FF activin B concentrations and thecal and GC activin βB mRNA levels decreased as follicle diameter increased from 1–3 to >6 mm regardless of estrogenic status. Estrogenic preovulatory follicles had reduced concentrations of FF activins B and A, and TC and GCs expressed higher levels of activin βA mRNA at 3–4 mm, and TCs more inhibin α mRNA at >4 mm stages of development compared with nonestrogenic follicles. Activin B decreased androstenedione production from primary TCs in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin A. Thus, sheep follicles 1–3 mm in diameter contained high FF levels of activin B, which decreased as the follicle size increased, and, like activin A, suppressed thecal androgen production in vitro, an effect blocked by inhibin. Furthermore, the theca of large estrogenic follicles expressed high levels of inhibin α and activin βA mRNA suggesting local thecal derived inhibin A production. This would inhibit the negative effects of thecal activins B and A ensuring maximum androgen production for enhanced estradiol production by the preovulatory follicle(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Young
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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32
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Cossigny DA, Findlay JK, Drummond AE. The effects of FSH and activin A on follicle development in vitro. Reproduction 2012; 143:221-9. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported on the roles of activins in gonadal regulation; however, little is known about their specific roles in early folliculogenesis. Ovarian follicular growth was investigated in 10-day cultures of day 4 postnatal whole ovaries treated with activin A (ActA; 50 ng/ml), with or without FSH (100 ng/ml) in vitro. We hypothesized that treatment with ActA±FSH would affect rates of growth and atresia in follicles. None of the treatments affected primordial follicle activation, and antral follicles were not observed after 10 days in culture. Primordial follicle numbers from all treatment groups were ∼20% of those in day 4 fresh ovaries, indicating that activation had occurred. In the presence of ActA, preantral follicle numbers increased significantly (P<0.0001). ActA alone decreased the proportion of atretic follicles in the primary and preantral classes, whereas the combined treatment of ActA+FSH increased the proportion of atretic preantral oocytes. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that follistatin, FSH receptor, and activin βA and βB subunits were all expressed at significantly higher levels in the ActA-only treated group but not in the ActA+FSH group. Here, we report novel findings supporting the role of FSH in primordial follicle survival through an action on apoptosis and a stimulatory role of ActA in the primordial to primary and preantral stages of follicle development, suggesting an inhibitory action of activin on oocyte apoptosis.
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33
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Young JM, McNeilly AS. Inhibin removes the inhibitory effects of activin on steroid enzyme expression and androgen production by normal ovarian thecal cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:49-60. [PMID: 22082494 PMCID: PMC3266103 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activin and inhibin are important local modulators of theca cell steroidogenesis in the ovary. Using a serum-free primary theca cell culture system, this study investigated the effects of inhibin on theca cell androgen production and expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Androstenedione secretion from theca cells cultured in media containing activin, inhibin and follistatin was assessed by RIA over 144 h. Activin (1-100 ng/ml) suppressed androstenedione production. Inhibin (1-100 ng/ml) blocked the suppressive effects of added activin, but increased androstenedione production when added alone, suggesting it was blocking endogenous activin produced by theca cells. Addition of SB-431542 (activin receptor inhibitor) and follistatin (500 ng/ml) increased androstenedione production, supporting this concept. Infection of theca cells with adenoviruses expressing inhibitory Smad6 or 7 increased androstenedione secretion, confirming that the suppressive effects of activin required activation of the Smad2/3 pathway. Activin decreased the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), whereas STAR expression was increased by inhibin and SB-431542, alone and in combination. CYP11A was unaffected. The expression of CYP17 encoding 17α-hydroxylase was unaffected by activin but increased by inhibin and SB-431542, and when added in combination the effect was further enhanced. The expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by activin, while inhibin alone and in combination with SB-431542 both potently increased the expression of 3β-HSD. In conclusion, activin suppressed theca cell androstenedione production by decreasing the expression of STAR and 3β-HSD. Inhibin and other blockers of activin action reversed this effect, supporting the concept that endogenous thecal activin modulates androgen production in theca cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Young
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Kim H, Yamanouchi K, Matsuwaki T, Nishihara M. Induction of Ski protein expression upon luteinization in rat granulosa cells without a change in its mRNA expression. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:254-9. [PMID: 22277932 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-118o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ski protein is implicated in the proliferation/differentiation of a variety of cells. We previously reported that the Ski protein is present in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in preovulatory follicles, suggesting that Ski has a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells. However, granulosa cells cannot only undergo apoptosis but can alternatively differentiate into luteal cells. It is unknown whether Ski is expressed and has a role in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the localization of the Ski protein in the rat ovary during luteinization to examine if Ski might play a role in this process. In order to examine the Ski protein expression during the progression of luteinization, follicular growth was induced in immature female rats by administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin, and luteinization was induced by human chorionic gonadotropin treatment to mimic the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. While no Ski-positive granulosa cells were present in the preovulatory follicle, Ski protein expression was induced in response to the LH surge and was maintained after formation of the corpus luteum (CL). Although the Ski protein is absent from the granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicle, its mRNA (c-ski) was expressed, and the level of c-ski mRNA was unchanged even after the LH surge. The combined results demonstrated that Ski protein expression is induced in granulosa cells upon luteinization, and suggested that its expression is regulated posttranscriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Mammalian ovaries contain a large number of oocytes at different stages of growth. To utilize potential female gametes, it is important to develop culture systems that permit oocytes to achieve full growth and competence in order to undergo maturation, fertilization and development. The desired culture systems should meet at least the following three conditions: (i) oocytes remain healthy and functional so that they can execute intrinsic programs that direct their growth and development; (ii) granulosa cells that are adjacent to oocytes proliferate efficiently to prevent oocytes from becoming denuded; and (iii) granulosa cells maintain (and develop) appropriate associations with oocytes during the culture period. For this reason, several systems have been developed, and they can be classified into four categories based on the structure and components of the follicle/oocyte-granulosa cell complex and the location of the oocyte in the physical organization of the complex. The resultant diverse morphologies are due to multiple factors, including the method for initial isolation of follicles, the culture substrate, and hormones and other factors added into the medium. It is important to find an optimal combination of such factors involved in the process to facilitate future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirao
- National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan.
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Magalhães-Padilha DM, Duarte ABG, Araújo VR, Saraiva MVA, Almeida AP, Rodrigues GQ, Matos MHT, Campello CC, Silva JR, Gastal MO, Gastal EL, Figueiredo JR. Steady-state level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor mRNA and the effect of IGF-I on the in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. Theriogenology 2011; 77:206-13. [PMID: 21924471 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to quantify insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1) mRNA in preantral follicles on Days 0 and 18 of in vitro culture in the presence or absence of FSH, and to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on the rate of normal follicles, antral cavity formation, and in vitro growth and maturation of caprine oocytes on Days 0, 6, 12, and 18 of culture. The expression of IGFR-1 was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR before and after follicle culture. Preantral follicles were isolated from the cortex of caprine ovaries and individually cultured for 18 d in the presence or absence of bovine IGF-I (50 or 100 ng/mL). At the end of the culture period, the oocytes were submitted to IVM. The expression of IGFR-1 mRNA in preantral follicles cultured in vitro only approached being significantly higher in follicles supplemented with FSH when compared to follicles immediately after recovery (P<0.06) and cultured without FSH (P<0.1). There was a higher (P<0.05) percentage of normal follicles on Days 6, 12, and 18 of culture in IGF-I 50 (97, 92, 67%, respectively) and IGF-I 100 (100, 90, 80%) groups versus the control (90, 64, 36%). In addition, the rate of antrum formation at 6 and 12 d of culture was higher (P<0.05) in IGF-I groups (IGF-I 50: 72 and 90% and IGF-I 100: 69 and 85%) than the control group (41 and 59%). After 18 d of culture, the percentages of grown oocytes acceptable for IVM were higher (P<0.05) in follicles cultured in the presence of IGF-I (82 vs 49%). Furthermore, follicles cultured in the presence of IGF-I 50 and IGF-I 100 had higher (P<0.05) meiotic resumption rates (63 and 66%, respectively) than the control group (11%). In conclusion, treatment with FSH tended to increase IGFR-1 mRNA expression during the in vitro culture of preantral follicles and the addition of IGF-I to the culture medium clearly improved the in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Magalhães-Padilha
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes Enclosed in Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-000, CE, Brazil.
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Oocyte growth in vitro: potential model for studies of oocyte-granulosa cell interactions. Reprod Med Biol 2011; 11:1-9. [PMID: 29699101 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-011-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors such as gonadotrophins, growth factors, and steroid hormones play important roles in the regulation of oocyte/follicular growth in mammalian ovaries. In addition to these factors, there is a bidirectional interaction between oocytes and granulosa cells that is essential for achieving optimal oocyte developmental competence. Oocytes play a key role in this interaction by secreting paracrine factors that alter the activities of neighboring cumulus cells, such as the expression of a specific amino acid transporter, cholesterol biosynthesis, and levels of glycolysis in the cumulus cells. Among the known oocyte-derived factors, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is the dominant factor mediating the regulation by oocytes leading to cumulus expansion and granulosa cell proliferation. GDF9 frequently interacts with other oocyte-derived factors in a synergistic manner. It seems reasonable to speculate that oocytes growing in vitro require interactions similar to those in vivo. Some of the oocyte-mediated regulations have been confirmed in vitro, providing evidence of the usefulness of culture systems as a strong tool for such studies. This review discusses in vitro culture of growing oocytes in terms of oocyte-granulosa cell interactions.
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Abstract
Dynamic changes in chromatin structure and gene expression occur during follicular and oocyte growth. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate these changes through biochemical reactions that modify the nucleosome structure, and consequently affect transcription. Chromatin remodellers that alter DNA-histone interactions can influence transcriptional activity by facilitating or repressing DNA access. The SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) complex represents an important chromatin remodelling family, which comprises many protein subunits including the BRG1 (brahma-related gene 1). Our aim in this study was to analyse BRG1 expression patterns in different stages of follicular development. Ovaries (n = 10) were collected from prepubertal gilts and then rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Ovarian fragments of 8 × 8 × 8 mm were cut and placed into a 4% paraformaldehyde solution. For immunofluorescence analysis, samples were incubated with primary antibodies: polyclonal rabbit anti-BRG1 (1/200) or control rabbit IgG at the same concentration, overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies were detected using Alexa Fluor 594-anti-rabbit 1/1000 diluted secondary antibody. Cells were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Positive fluorescence signal for BRG1 was detected in all analysed samples. In primary follicles, the protein was detected only in the oocyte nucleus. However, in growing follicles, BRG1 was identified in granulosa and theca cells in a well defined pattern, according to the proximity of the cells from the oocyte. These results suggest an important role for BRG1 in the regulation of follicular growth, probably modulating granulosa and theca cell proliferation, as well as oocyte growth and maturation.
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Abstract
Theca cells function in a diverse range of necessary roles during folliculogenesis; to synthesize androgens, provide crosstalk with granulosa cells and oocytes during development, and provide structural support of the growing follicle as it progresses through the developmental stages to produce a mature and fertilizable oocyte. Thecal cells are thought to be recruited from surrounding stromal tissue by factors secreted from an activated primary follicle. The precise origin and identity of these recruiting factors are currently not clear, but it appears that thecal recruitment and/or differentiation involves not just one signal, but a complex and tightly controlled combination of multiple factors. It is clear that thecal cells are fundamental for follicular growth, providing all the androgens required by the developing follicle(s) for conversion into estrogens by the granulosa cells. Their function is enabled through the establishment of a vascular system providing communication with the pituitary axis throughout the reproductive cycle, and delivering essential nutrients to these highly active cells. During development, the majority of follicles undergo atresia, and the theca cells are often the final follicular cell type to die. For those follicles that do ovulate, the theca cells then undergo hormone-dependent differentiation into luteinized thecal cells of the corpus luteum. While the theca is an essential component of follicle development and ovulation, we do not yet fully understand the control of recruitment and function of theca cells, an important consideration since their function appears to be altered in certain causes of infertility.
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Stability of housekeeping genes and expression of locally produced growth factors and hormone receptors in goat preantral follicles. ZYGOTE 2010; 19:71-83. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199410000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the stability of six housekeeping genes, and the relative expression of growth factors (EGF, GDF-9, BMP-15, VEGF, FGF-2, BMP-6, IGF-1 and KL) and hormone receptors (FSH, LH and GH) in goat preantral follicles. To evaluate to stability of housekeeping genes micro-dissected fresh follicles (150–200 μm) as well as follicles that have been in vitro cultured for 12 days were used. In addition, isolated fresh follicles were used to compare expression of various growth factors and hormone receptors before culture. Both fresh and cultured follicles were subjected to total RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA. After amplification of cDNA by real-time PCR, the geNorm software program was used to evaluate the stability of glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-tubulin, β-actin, phosphoglycerokinase (PGK), 18S rRNA, ubiquitin (UBQ) and ribosomal protein 19 (RPL-19). In addition, follicular steady-state levels of mRNA from the various growth factors under study were compared. Results demonstrated that, in goat preantral follicles, UBQ and β-actin were the most suitable reference genes and thus could be used as parameters to normalize data from future in vitro studies. In contrast, 18S RNA appeared the least stable gene among the tested housekeeping genes. Analysis of mRNA for several hypophyseal hormone receptors in fresh preantral follicles showed significantly higher FSH-R mRNA levels than those of LH-R and GH-R, and no difference between GH-R and LH-R mRNA levels. In regard growth factor mRNA expression in goat preantral follicles, EGF mRNA levels appeared significantly lower than those of the other studied growth factors. Increasingly higher relative mRNA levels were observed for GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-6, FGF-2, VEGF, Kl and IGF-1, successively. In conclusion, UBQ and β-actin are the most stable housekeeping genes in fresh and 12-days cultured caprine preantral follicles. Furthermore, in fresh follicles, high levels of FSH-R mRNA are detected while among eight growth factors, IGF-1 is the most highly expressed and EGF the weakest expressed compound.
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Celestino JJH, Bruno JB, Lima-Verde IB, Matos MHT, Saraiva MVA, Chaves RN, Martins FS, Almeida AP, Cunha RMS, Lima LF, Name KPO, Campello CC, Silva JRV, Báo SN, Figueiredo JR. Steady-state level of kit ligand mRNA in goat ovaries and the role of kit ligand in preantral follicle survival and growth in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:231-40. [PMID: 20014130 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate steady-state level of Kit Ligand (KL) mRNA and its effects on in vitro survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. RT-PCR was used to analyze caprine steady-state level of KL mRNA in primordial, primary, and secondary follicles, and in small (1-3 mm) and large (3-6 mm) antral follicles. Furthermore, ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7 days in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM(+)) supplemented with KL (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml). Noncultured (control) and cultured fragments were processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RT-PCR demonstrated an increase in steady-state level of KL mRNA during the transition from primary to secondary follicles. Small antral follicles had higher steady-state levels of KL mRNA in granulosa and theca cells than large follicles. After 7 days, only 50 ng/ml of KL had maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to control. After 1 day, all KL concentrations reduced the percentage of primordial follicles and increased the percentage of growing follicles. KL at 10, 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml increased primary follicles, compared to MEM(+) after 7 days. An increase in oocyte and follicular diameter was observed at 50 ng/ml of KL. TEM confirmed ultrastructural integrity of follicles after 7 days at 50 ng/ml of KL. In conclusion, the KL mRNAs were detected in all follicular categories. Furthermore, 50 ng/ml of KL maintained the integrity of caprine preantral follicle cultured for 7 days and stimulated primordial follicle activation and follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana J H Celestino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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McLaughlin M, Telfer EE. Oocyte development in bovine primordial follicles is promoted by activin and FSH within a two-step serum-free culture system. Reproduction 2010; 139:971-8. [PMID: 20207724 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent follicles of large mammals initiate growth within cultured pieces of ovarian cortex. Systems capable of sustaining in vitro development from this early stage until oocyte maturation would allow investigation of mechanisms regulating oocyte development in its entirety. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether bovine follicles initiated to grow in vitro could be isolated from the cortical environment, and could undergo further development and 2) to evaluate the effect of activin and FSH on the development of secondary follicles derived from primordial follicles. Fragments of bovine ovarian cortex were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days; thereafter, secondary follicles were isolated for further culture. After a maximum total of 21 days in vitro, follicles were either processed for histological assessment or opened to release the oocyte-cumulus complexes for inspection by light microscopy. Compared with control, significant follicle and oocyte growth were observed in activin-exposed follicles, with or without FSH, with some oocyte diameters measuring over 100 microns following a total in vitro period of 15 days. Significant oestradiol secretion was observed in follicles cultured in activin alone after a total of 9 days in vitro compared with other treatment groups; however, this effect was not sustained. In summary, this study demonstrates the promotion of primordial bovine follicle development within a two-step serum-free culture system with oocyte diameters >100 mum achieved over 15 days in vitro. Further development of this system is needed to support complete oocyte growth and thereafter in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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McLaughlin M, Bromfield JJ, Albertini DF, Telfer EE. Activin promotes follicular integrity and oogenesis in cultured pre-antral bovine follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:644-53. [PMID: 20203128 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the individual and combined effect of activin and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on somatic and germ cell development in cultured pre-antral follicles. Pre-antral bovine follicles (mean diameter 157 +/- 3, range 132-199 microm) were cultured for 8 days in serum-free medium in the presence of either 100 ng/ml of recombinant human activin A (rhAct A), 100 ng/ml rhAct A combined with a high (100 ng/ml) or low (50 ng/ml) concentration of recombinant FSH (rFSH) or 50 ng/ml rFSH alone. Intrafollicular connexin 43 expression and actin-based cell adhesion were assessed on Day 2 and 4 of culture. Steroidogenesis was evaluated after Day 4 and 8. Follicles exposed to 100 ng/ml activin maintained expression of connexin 43 at the follicular periphery. In the presence of activin, with or without 100 ng/ml or 50 ng/ml FSH, follicles were steroidogenic undergoing significant growth (P < 0.01), granulosa cell proliferation (P < 0.01) and antral cavity formation (P < 0.05) compared with cultured controls. Maximum oocyte growth occurred in the presence of 100 ng/ml activin alone with a significant percentage of these oocytes maintaining normal morphology over controls (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with a role for activin in maintaining oocyte granulosa cell interactions due to increased peripheral granulosa cell adhesion to the basement membrane and retention of adhesion at the surface of the zona pellucida. Thus, the polarized expression of cell contact interactions promoted by activin supports ongoing folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Activin A inhibits activation of human primordial follicles in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 27:141-7. [PMID: 20198416 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether Activin A affects the activation and survival of human primordial follicles in vitro. METHODS Ovarian cortical biopsies from eight women undergoing elective caesarean sections or benign gynaecological procedures were taken and cut into small pieces (1-3 mm(3)), cultured in serum-free medium for 7 days with/without human recombinant Activin A at a concentration of either 50 or 100 ng/ml. Ovarian tissue were analysed by histology for follicle viability, development and density. RESULT(S) Significant activation of primordial follicles within cultured cortical tissue was observed after 7 days in control medium. However, medium supplemented with Activin A at 50 ng/ml resulted in significant inhibition of follicular activation. Increasing the concentration of Activin A to 100 ng/ml reversed the inhibitory effect. The effect of Activin A appeared to be specific to activation of non-growing (primordial) follicles into the growing population since no significant differences in follicle viability was observed between treatment groups. CONCLUSION(S) Activin A at a concentration of 50 ng/ml can inhibit the spontaneous activation of human primordial follicles in vitro indicating that this may be a component of the signalling mechanisms that maintain follicular quiescence.
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Hogg K, Etherington SL, Young JM, McNeilly AS, Duncan WC. Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) genes are expressed in the steroidogenic cells of the ovine ovary and are differentially regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-beta family. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1247-56. [PMID: 20032053 PMCID: PMC2971462 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins act during embryogenesis and development to repress gene transcription required for lineage commitment, while promoting cell growth. Growth factors belonging to the TGFbeta superfamily of signaling molecules, notably the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activin, can regulate Id expression in these tissues. Id expression and function in adult physiology is less well determined, and we hypothesized a role for Id proteins in the adult mammalian ovary. Immunohistochemistry for Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4 in the sheep ovary revealed consistent expression in granulosa and thecal cells of ovarian follicles throughout development. In atretic follicles, Id proteins were selectively down-regulated in thecal cells (P < 0.0001). Additionally, Id1 was universally up-regulated in the cumulus cells adjacent to the oocyte. Immunohistochemistry for phospho (p)-smad 1/5/8 signaling components (stimulated by BMPs) showed a punctate pattern of expression whereas p-smad 2/3 (stimulated by activin) was ubiquitously expressed in follicles. Neither pathway, however, displayed differential staining in line with Id1 cumulus-specific expression, suggesting a more complex relationship between Id1 expression and TGFbeta signaling in these cells. Nevertheless, in vitro, stimulation of ovine granulosa cells with BMP6 or activin A led to a respective increase and decrease in Id1 (P < 0.0001), Id2 (P < 0.0001), Id3 (P < 0.0001), and Id4 (P < 0.05) transcripts, and Id1 gene expression was further manipulated by the oocyte-secreted factors BMP15 and growth differentiation factor 9 (P < 0.001). These data confirm that TGFbeta signaling can regulate Id gene expression in the sheep ovarian follicle and suggest a functional role for the Id family in the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hogg
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Celestino J, Bruno J, Lima-Verde I, Matos M, Saraiva M, Chaves R, Martins F, Lima L, Name K, Campello C, Silva J, Bao S, Figueiredo J. Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Maintains Follicular Ultrastructure and Promotes the Transition to Primary Follicles in Caprine Ovarian Tissue Cultured In Vitro. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:239-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719108325756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.J.H. Celestino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil,
| | - J.B. Bruno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - I.B. Lima-Verde
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - M.H.T. Matos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - M.V.A. Saraiva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - R.N. Chaves
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - F.S. Martins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - L.F. Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - K.P.O. Name
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - C.C. Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
| | - J.R.V. Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceara, Sobral-CE Brazil
| | - S.N. Bao
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - J.R. Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE Brazil
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Xu WW, Kong XB, An LG, Zhang C. Relationship Between Snon Expression and Mouse Follicular Development, Atresia, and Luteinization. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:66-73. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of activin A and insulin-like growth factor-I on in vitro development of preantral follicles isolated from cryopreserved ovarian tissues in the mouse. Cryobiology 2008; 57:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Furuta C, Arakawa S, Shi Z, Watanabe G, Taya K. Placental activin A is required for follicular development during the second half of pregnancy in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Endocrine 2008; 33:126-34. [PMID: 18491238 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous antral follicles develop during the second half of pregnancy in the golden hamster even though LH and FSH are maintained at basal levels. To investigate the possible hormone actions of activin A associated with follicular development, pregnant golden hamsters were placentectomized on day 6 of pregnancy and animals were sacrificed at day 8, 10, 12, or 14 of pregnancy. There was a drastic decrease in the plasma concentrations of activin A from day 10 of pregnancy in the operated group compared to the controls. Positive immunohistochemical staining of inhibin/activin subunits betaA and betaB in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta revealed the source of activin A, AB, or B. The number of healthy follicles did not change until day 12 between the operated and the control groups, but decreased in numbers in the operated groups thereafter. The decreased concentrations of inhibin A, B, and estradiol-17beta in the operated groups at day 10 and 12 correlated well with the number of mature follicles in response to hCG treatment. In conclusion, we revealed that activin A secreted from the placenta induces folliculogenesis to maintain the high levels of estradiol-17beta needed to induce uterine dilatation for fetus growth and impending parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Furuta
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Telfer EE, McLaughlin M, Ding C, Thong KJ. A two-step serum-free culture system supports development of human oocytes from primordial follicles in the presence of activin. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1151-8. [PMID: 18326514 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine whether follicles grown within human ovarian cortical strip culture for 6 days in serum-free medium could be isolated at the secondary stage of pre-antral development and grown in vitro to the late pre-antral/early antral stage during a 4 day culture period. METHODS Ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from six women aged 26-40 years, with informed consent, during elective Caesarean section. Small tissue slices of ovarian cortex, with underlying stromal tissue removed, were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days and at the end of this period pre-antral (secondary) follicles were dissected from the strips. Seventy-four intact pre-antral follicles ranging in size (66-132 microm) (mean size 100 microm +/- 3.4) were selected for further culture. Follicles were placed individually within V-shaped microwell culture plates in serum-free medium in the presence (n = 38) or absence (n = 36) of 100 ng/ml of human recombinant activin A. RESULTS Pre-antral follicles grown for 4 days in the presence of activin A grew to a larger size (mean diameter 143 microm +/- 7.4) than those grown in control medium (mean diameter 111 microm +/- 8) (P < 0.005). Ninety percent of follicles cultured in the presence of activin A increased in size during the first 2 days of culture compared with only 36% of follicles in control medium (P > 0.005). Of the follicles surviving the entire culture period, 30% of those cultured in the presence of activin A showed normal morphology with intact oocytes and antral formation. None of the follicles grown in control medium developed antral cavities and >90% of those follicles collected at the end of the culture period showed signs of oocyte degeneration. CONCLUSIONS The results reported here demonstrate that under certain conditions, it is possible to achieve accelerated oocyte/follicle development from human primordial/primary follicles. This provides the first encouraging step towards achieving full in vitro growth of human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, The Darwin Building, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
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