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Protective Effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic (OTR4132) in a rat immunotoxic lesion model of septohippocampal cholinergic degeneration. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:107-130. [PMID: 35254602 PMCID: PMC8979900 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation model, we assessed the effects of the RGTA® named OTR4132, a synthetic heparan-mimetic biopolymer with neuroprotective/neurotrophic properties. Long-Evans male rats were injected with the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin into the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (0.37 µg); vehicle injections served as controls. Immediately after surgery, OTR4132 was injected into the lateral ventricles (0.25 µg/5 µl/rat) or intramuscularly (1.5 mg/kg). To determine whether OTR4132 reached the lesion site, some rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intramuscular (I.M.) injections of fluorescent OTR4132. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 10, 20, or 60 days post-lesion (DPL). Fluorescein-labeled OTR4132 injected ICV or I.M. was found in the lesion from 4 to 20 DPL. Rats with partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation showed decreases in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase reaction products and in choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the medial septum. These lesions were the largest at 10 DPL and then remained stable until 60 DPL. Both hippocampal acetylcholinesterase reaction products and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the medial septum effects were significantly attenuated in OTR4132-treated rats. These effects were not related to competition between OTR4132 and 192 IgG-saporin for the neurotrophin receptor P75 (p75NTR), as OTR4132 treatment did not alter the internalization of Cy3-labelled 192 IgG. OTR4132 was more efficient at reducing the acetylcholinesterase reaction products and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons than a comparable heparin dose used as a comparator. Using the slice superfusion technique, we found that the lesion-induced decrease in muscarinic autoreceptor sensitivity was abolished by intramuscular OTR4132. After partial cholinergic damage, OTR4132 was able to concentrate at the brain lesion site possibly due to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and to exert structural and functional effects that hold promises for neuroprotection/neurotrophism.
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2
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Dienes J, Browne S, Farjun B, Amaral Passipieri J, Mintz EL, Killian G, Healy KE, Christ GJ. Semisynthetic Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Promotes Recovery of the Injured Tibialis Anterior Skeletal Muscle Form and Function. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1587-1599. [PMID: 33660968 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by a degree of tissue loss that exceeds the endogenous regenerative capacity of muscle, resulting in permanent structural and functional deficits. Such injuries are a consequence of trauma, as well as a host of congenital and acquired diseases and disorders. Despite significant preclinical research with diverse biomaterials, as well as early clinical studies with implantation of decellularized extracellular matrices, there are still significant barriers to more complete restoration of muscle form and function following repair of VML injuries. In fact, identification of novel biomaterials with more advantageous regenerative profiles is a critical limitation to the development of improved therapeutics. As a first step in this direction, we evaluated a novel semisynthetic hyaluronic acid-based (HyA) hydrogel that embodies material features more favorable for robust muscle regeneration. This HyA-based hydrogel is composed of an acrylate-modified HyA (AcHyA) macromer, an AcHyA macromer conjugated with the bsp-RGD(15) peptide sequence to enhance cell adhesion, a high-molecular-weight heparin to sequester growth factors, and a matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable cross-linker to allow for cell-dependent remodeling. In a well-established, clinically relevant rat tibialis anterior VML injury model, we report observations of robust functional recovery, accompanied by volume reconstitution, muscle regeneration, and native-like vascularization following implantation of the HyA-based hydrogel at the site of injury. These findings have important implications for the development and clinical application of the improved biomaterials that will be required for stable and complete functional recovery from diverse VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dienes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Shane Browne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Bruna Farjun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Juliana Amaral Passipieri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen L Mintz
- Pathology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Grant Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - George J Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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3
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Desgranges P, Louissaint T, Godeau B, Barritault D. Matrix therapy is a cost-effective solution to reduce amputation risk and improve quality of life: pilot and case studies. Regen Med Res 2019; 7:2. [PMID: 31821145 PMCID: PMC6902838 DOI: 10.1051/rmr/190002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic, non-healing ulcers remain one of the most challenging clinical situations for health care practitioners. Often, conventional treatments fail and lead to amputation, further decreasing the patient's quality of life and resulting in enormous medical expenditures for healthcare systems. Here we evaluated the use of and cost-effectiveness of the RGTA (ReGeneraTing Agents) medical device CACIPLIQ20 (OTR4120) for chronic lower-extremity ulcers in patients with Leriche and Fontaine Stage IV peripheral arterial disease who were not eligible for revascularization. Methods: This uncontrolled pilot study included 14 chronic lower extremity ulcers in 12 patients in one hospital. The pilot study included 12 patients with TcPO2 < 20 mm Hg and ABPI < 0.5 who had either a minimum of one chronic lower extremity ulcer or a chronic ulcer related to amputation. OTR4120 was applied twice a week or until complete healing, for up to 12 weeks. Ulcer surface area reduction (%)after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, appearance after 4 weeks, and healing after 12 weeks were measured and recorded. Results: A 35% reduction in ulcer size was achieved after 4 weeks. 7 (50%) out of 14 ulcers completely healed within 1 to 3 months of treatment. Discussion: OTR4120 is an effective therapeutic option for patients with chronic lower extremity ulcers, can provide major improvement of quality of life and has the added benefit of being a significant cost-effective solution for healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Desgranges
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Taina Louissaint
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- OTR3, SAS, 4 rue Française, 75001 Paris, France - CRRET (EA 4397/ERL CNRS 9215), Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94010, France
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4
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Bouvière J, Trignol A, Hoang DH, del Carmine P, Goriot ME, Ben Larbi S, Barritault D, Banzet S, Chazaud B. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics Accelerate Postinjury Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1667-1676. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bouvière
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
- Département Soutien Médico-Chirurgical des Forces, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, UMR-MD-1197, Clamart, France
| | - Dieu-Huong Hoang
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
| | - Peggy del Carmine
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Emmanuelle Goriot
- Département Soutien Médico-Chirurgical des Forces, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, UMR-MD-1197, Clamart, France
| | - Sabrina Ben Larbi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- OTR3, Paris, France
- Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Département Soutien Médico-Chirurgical des Forces, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, UMR-MD-1197, Clamart, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
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5
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Schulze J, Sasse S, Prenzler N, Staecker H, Mellott AJ, Roemer A, Durisin M, Lenarz T, Warnecke A. Microenvironmental support for cell delivery to the inner ear. Hear Res 2018; 368:109-122. [PMID: 29945803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) presents a promising approach not only for the replacement of lost or degenerated cells in diseased organs but also for local drug delivery. It can potentially be used to enhance the safety and efficacy of inner ear surgeries such as cochlear implantation. Options for enhancing the effects of MSC therapy include modulating cell behaviour with customized bio-matrixes or modulating their behaviour by ex vivo transfection of the cells with a variety of genes. In this study, we demonstrate that MSC delivered to the inner ear of guinea pigs or to decellularized cochleae preferentially bind to areas of high heparin concentration. This presents an opportunity for modulating cell behaviour ex vivo. We evaluated the effect of carboxymethylglucose sulfate (Cacicol®), a heparan sulfate analogue on spiral ganglion cells and MSC and demonstrated support of neuronal survival and support of stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Susanne Sasse
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Prenzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Roemer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Durisin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany.
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6
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Barritault D, Gilbert-Sirieix M, Rice KL, Siñeriz F, Papy-Garcia D, Baudouin C, Desgranges P, Zakine G, Saffar JL, van Neck J. RGTA ® or ReGeneraTing Agents mimic heparan sulfate in regenerative medicine: from concept to curing patients. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:325-338. [PMID: 27924424 PMCID: PMC5487810 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity in maintaining normal tissue function is highlighted by numerous pathologies and situations of acute and chronic injury associated with dysregulation or destruction of ECM components. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a key component of the ECM, where it fulfils important functions associated with tissue homeostasis. Its degradation following tissue injury disrupts this delicate equilibrium and may impair the wound healing process. ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTA®s) are polysaccharides specifically designed to replace degraded HS in injured tissues. The unique properties of RGTA® (resistance to degradation, binding and protection of ECM structural and signaling proteins, like HS) permit the reconstruction of the ECM, restoring both structural and biochemical functions to this essential substrate, and facilitating the processes of tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we review 25 years of research surrounding this HS mimic, supporting the mode of action, pre-clinical studies and therapeutic efficacy of RGTA® in the clinic, and discuss the potential of RGTA® in new branches of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Barritault
- OTR3, 4 rue Française, 75001 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Growth and Tissue Repair (CRRET), UPEC 4397/ERL CNRS 9215, Université Paris Est Cretéil, Université Paris Est, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Laboratory Cell Growth and Tissue Repair (CRRET), UPEC 4397/ERL CNRS 9215, Université Paris Est Cretéil, Université Paris Est, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 55 Avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Opthalmologie des Quinze Vingts, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Desgranges
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hopital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Gilbert Zakine
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Reconstructrice, 33 rue de la Tour, Paris, 75016 France
| | - Jean-Louis Saffar
- EA2496 Laboratoire Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Oro-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Johan van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Paluck S, Nguyen TH, Maynard HD. Heparin-Mimicking Polymers: Synthesis and Biological Applications. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3417-3440. [PMID: 27739666 PMCID: PMC5111123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a naturally occurring, highly sulfated polysaccharide that plays a critical role in a range of different biological processes. Therapeutically, it is mostly commonly used as an injectable solution as an anticoagulant for a variety of indications, although it has also been employed in other forms such as coatings on various biomedical devices. Due to the diverse functions of this polysaccharide in the body, including anticoagulation, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammation, and protein stabilization, and drawbacks of its use, analogous heparin-mimicking materials are also widely studied for therapeutic applications. This review focuses on one type of these materials, namely, synthetic heparin-mimicking polymers. Utilization of these polymers provides significant benefits compared to heparin, including enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects as a result of fine-tuning heparin-binding motifs and other molecular characteristics. The major types of the various polymers are summarized, as well as their applications. Because development of a broader range of heparin-mimicking materials would further expand the impact of these polymers in the treatment of various diseases, future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
J. Paluck
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Thi H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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8
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Richard S, Eder V, Caputo G, Journé C, Ou P, Bolley J, Louedec L, Guenin E, Motte L, Pinna N, Lalatonne Y. USPIO size control through microwave nonaqueous sol-gel method for neoangiogenesis T2MRI contrast agent. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2769-2779. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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9
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Function of Membrane-Associated Proteoglycans in the Regulation of Satellite Cell Growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:61-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Ryan CNM, Sorushanova A, Lomas AJ, Mullen AM, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Glycosaminoglycans in Tendon Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1237-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Al-Horani RA, Desai UR. Recent advances on plasmin inhibitors for the treatment of fibrinolysis-related disorders. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1168-1216. [PMID: 24659483 PMCID: PMC8788159 DOI: 10.1002/med.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that plasmin is involved in a number of physiological processes in addition to its key role in fibrin cleavage. Plasmin inhibition is critical in preventing adverse consequences arising from plasmin overactivity, e.g., blood loss that may follow cardiac surgery. Aprotinin was widely used as an antifibrinolytic drug before its discontinuation in 2008. Tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid, two small molecule plasmin inhibitors, are currently used in the clinic. Several molecules have been designed utilizing covalent, but reversible, chemistry relying on reactive cyclohexanones, nitrile warheads, and reactive aldehyde peptidomimetics. Other major classes of plasmin inhibitors include the cyclic peptidomimetics and polypeptides of the Kunitz and Kazal-type. Allosteric inhibitors of plasmin have also been designed including small molecule lysine analogs that bind to plasmin's kringle domain(s) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetics that bind to plasmin's catalytic domain. Plasmin inhibitors have also been explored for resolving other disease states including cell metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation. This review highlights functional and structural aspects of plasmin inhibitors with the goal of advancing their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Al-Horani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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12
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Glycosaminoglycan mimetic improves enrichment and cell functions of human endothelial progenitor cell colonies. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:703-15. [PMID: 24681520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human circulating endothelial progenitor cells isolated from peripheral blood generate in culture cells with features of endothelial cells named late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC). In adult blood, ECFC display a constant quantitative and qualitative decline during life span. Even after expansion, it is difficult to reach the cell dose required for cell therapy of vascular diseases, thus limiting the clinical use of these cells. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are components from the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are able to interact and potentiate heparin binding growth factor (HBGF) activities. According to these relevant biological properties of GAG, we designed a GAG mimetic having the capacity to increase the yield of ECFC production from blood and to improve functionality of their endothelial outgrowth. We demonstrate that the addition of [OTR(4131)] mimetic during the isolation process of ECFC from Cord Blood induces a 3 fold increase in the number of colonies. Moreover, addition of [OTR(4131)] to cell culture media improves adhesion, proliferation, migration and self-renewal of ECFC. We provide evidence showing that GAG mimetics may have great interest for cell therapy applied to vascular regeneration therapy and represent an alternative to exogenous growth factor treatments to optimize potential therapeutic properties of ECFC.
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13
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Hayek S, Dibo S, Baroud J, Ibrahim A, Barritault D. Refractory sickle cell leg ulcer: is heparan sulphate a new hope? Int Wound J 2014; 13:35-8. [PMID: 24618185 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease are known to have recurrent lower extremity ulcers that have a high pain score and are resistant to conventional means of wound therapy. This study reports the successful use of synthetic heparan sulphate (Cacipliq20(®) , OTR3, Paris, France) in the treatment of a sickle cell ulcer that had failed to respond to several other means of treatment. Therapeutic success was assessed by complete wound coverage and vast improvement in pain score. This is the first study to report use of heparan sulphate in sickle cell ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Hayek
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Private Practice, American University of Beirut - Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saad Dibo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Private Practice, American University of Beirut - Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joe Baroud
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Private Practice, American University of Beirut - Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amir Ibrahim
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Private Practice, American University of Beirut - Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Denis Barritault
- Laboratoire CRRET CNRS, University Paris Est Creteil, Paris, France
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14
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Frescaline G, Bouderlique T, Mansoor L, Carpentier G, Baroukh B, Sineriz F, Trouillas M, Saffar JL, Courty J, Lataillade JJ, Papy-Garcia D, Albanese P. Glycosaminoglycan mimetic associated to human mesenchymal stem cell-based scaffolds inhibit ectopic bone formation, but induce angiogenesis in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 19:1641-53. [PMID: 23521005 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches to stimulate bone formation currently combine bioactive scaffolds with osteocompetent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Moreover, osteogenic and angiogenic factors are required to promote differentiation and survival of hMSC through improved vascularization through the damaged extracellular matrix (ECM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ECM compounds acting as modulators of heparin-binding protein activities during bone development and regenerative processes. GAG mimetics have been proposed as ECM stabilizers and were previously described for their positive effects on bone formation and angiogenesis after local treatment. Here, we developed a strategy associating the GAG mimetic [OTR4120] with bone substitutes to optimize stem cell-based therapeutic products. We showed that [OTR4120] was able to potentiate proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC in vitro. Its link to tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite scaffolds improved their colonization by hMSC. Surprisingly, when these combinations were tested in an ectopic model of bone formation in immunodeficient mice, the GAG mimetics inhibit bone formation induced by hMSC and promoted an osteoclastic activity. Moreover, the inflammatory response was modulated, and the peri-implant vascularization stimulated. All together, these findings further support the ability of GAG mimetics to organize the local ECM to coordinate the host response toward the implanted biomaterial, and to inhibit the abnormal bone formation process on a subcutaneous ectopic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Frescaline
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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15
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Amirouche A, Tadesse H, Lunde JA, Bélanger G, Côté J, Jasmin BJ. Activation of p38 signaling increases utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle via the RNA-binding protein KSRP and inhibition of AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay: implications for novel DMD therapeutics. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3093-111. [PMID: 23575223 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches are currently being developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) including upregulating the levels of endogenous utrophin A in dystrophic fibers. Here, we examined the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in controlling utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. We show that activation of p38 leads to an increase in utrophin A independently of a transcriptional induction. Rather, p38 controls the levels of utrophin A mRNA by extending the half-life of transcripts via AU-rich elements (AREs). This mechanism critically depends on a decrease in the functional availability of KSRP, an RNA-binding protein known to promote decay of ARE-containing transcripts. In vitro and in vivo binding studies revealed that KSRP interacts with specific AREs located within the utrophin A 3' UTR. Electroporation experiments to knockdown KSRP led to an increase in utrophin A in wild-type and mdx mouse muscles. In pre-clinical studies, treatment of mdx mice with heparin, an activator of p38, causes a pronounced increase in utrophin A in diaphragm muscle fibers. Together, these studies identify a pathway that culminates in the post-transcriptional regulation of utrophin A through increases in mRNA stability. Furthermore, our results constitute proof-of-principle showing that pharmacological activation of p38 may prove beneficial as a novel therapeutic approach for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Amirouche
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
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Hayek S, Atiyeh B, Zgheib E. Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome: review of the literature and case report of chronic ulcer treatment with heparan sulphate (Cacipliq20®). Int Wound J 2013; 12:169-72. [PMID: 23556996 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome (SBS), also known as acroangiodermatitis or pseudo-Kaposi, is a condition rarely encountered. It involves skin lesions that are clinically similar to Kaposi sarcoma but are histologically different, and are usually secondary to an underlying arteriovenous fistula. Treatment of this disease usually involves the correction of the underlying vascular abnormality, with the mainstay of therapy ranging from compression devices for venous stasis, limited oral medications (dapsone and erythromycin) and local wound care including topical steroids. Different methods of treatment showed varied success but none is ideal. We report a case of a lower extremity ulcer in a 22-year-old male recently diagnosed with SBS successfully treated with heparan sulphate (Cacipliq20®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Hayek
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Lallam-Laroye C, Baroukh B, Doucet P, Barritault D, Saffar JL, Colombier ML. ReGeneraTing Agents Matrix Therapy Regenerates a Functional Root Attachment in Hamsters with Periodontitis. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2359-67. [PMID: 21548712 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Lallam-Laroye
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Philippe Doucet
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS UMR7149, Université Paris-12, Creteil, France
- OTR3, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Saffar
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Marie-Laure Colombier
- Laboratoire Pathologies et Biothérapies de l'Organe Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
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Matrix Therapy with RGTA OTR4120 Improves Healing Time and Quality in Hairless Rats with Deep Second-Degree Burns. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127:541-550. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e318200a910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Groah SL, Libin A, Spungen M, Nguyen KL, Woods E, Nabili M, Ramella-Roman J, Barritault D. Regenerating matrix-based therapy for chronic wound healing: a prospective within-subject pilot study. Int Wound J 2011; 8:85-95. [PMID: 21078132 PMCID: PMC7950993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2010.00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether a skin-specific bioengineered regenerating agent (RGTA) heparan sulphate mimetic (CACIPLIQ20) improves chronic wound healing. The design of this article is a prospective within-subject study. The setting was an urban hospital. Patients were 16 African-American individuals (mean age 42 years) with 22 wounds (mean duration 2.5 years) because of either pressure, diabetic, vascular or burn wounds. Two participants each were lost to follow-up or removed because of poor compliance, resulting in 18 wounds analysed. Sterile gauze was soaked with CACIPLIQ20 saline solution, placed on the wound for 5 min, then removed twice weekly for 4 weeks. Wounds were otherwise treated according to the standard of care. Twenty-two percent of wounds fully healed during the treatment period. Wounds showed a 15.2-18.1% decrease in wound size as measured by the vision engineering research group (VERG) digital wound measurement system and total PUSH scores, respectively, at 4 weeks (P = 0.014 and P = 0.003). At 8 weeks there was an 18-26% reduction in wound size (P = 0.04) in the remaining patients. Wound-related pain measured by the visual analogue pain scale and the wound pain scale declined 60% (P = 0.024) and 70% (P = 0.001), respectively. Patient and clinician satisfaction remained positive throughout the treatment period. It is concluded that treatment with CACIPLIQ20 significantly improved wound-related pain and may facilitate wound healing. Patient and clinician satisfaction remained high throughout the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Groah
- SCI Research Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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20
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Sangaj N, Kyriakakis P, Yang D, Chang CW, Arya G, Varghese S. Heparin mimicking polymer promotes myogenic differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3294-300. [PMID: 21058638 PMCID: PMC4136807 DOI: 10.1021/bm101041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate mediated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signaling plays an important role in skeletal muscle homeostasis by maintaining a balance between proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. In this study we investigate the role of a synthetic mimic of heparin, poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Exogenous supplementation of PSS increased the differentiation of C2C12 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while the formation of multinucleated myotubes exhibited a nonmonotonic dependence with the concentration of PSS. Our results further suggest that one possible mechanism by which PSS promotes myogenic differentiation is by downregulating the mitogen activated extracellular regulated signaling kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. The binding ability of PSS to bFGF was found to be comparable to heparin through molecular docking calculations and by native PAGE. Such synthetic heparin mimics could offer a cost-effective alternative to heparin and also reduce the risk associated with batch-to-batch variation and contamination of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sangaj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Phillip Kyriakakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darren Yang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Charef S, Papy-Garcia D, Courty J. Absorption and tissue distribution of a novel carboxymethyldextran after oral administration. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:627-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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22
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Zakine G, Le Louarn C. [First applications of matrix therapy in plastic and aesthetic surgery]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2010; 55:421-8. [PMID: 20869155 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new medical device based on a concept of the reconstruction of the extracellular matrix by a molecule belonging to the family of the ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTA(®)) has just been available to treat skin lesions. RGTA(®) are biodegradable polymers engineered to mimic heparan-sulfate in the extracellular matrix of damaged tissue. RGTA(®) improves tissue healing in several animal models, by stabilizing and protecting heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) and matrix proteins. We have evaluated the effects of this device containing RGTA(®) on cutaneous cicatrisation in a group of patients treated by reduction mammoplasty and in a group operated by a centrofacial lifting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients who underwent mammoplasty for breast hypertrophy received cutaneous application of the device at D1, D4, D8 and D11 on one breast. Quality, color, inflammation of the scar and eventual complications have been evaluated by photography and at the third postoperative month by the Vancouver Scar Scale. Another group of 50 patients that underwent a centrofacial lifting received a bilateral deposition of drops of RGTA(®) in the operating plane at the end of the surgical procedure. Discomfort, oedema, ecchymosis and inflammation of the scars have been evaluated at 1-month postoperative and compared with an identical group of 50 other patients, operated by the same surgeon without RGTA(®). RESULTS In the group of mammoplasties, inflammation, prurit and hypertrophic scars were less frequent for the breast treated by RGTA(®). The mean Vancouver Scar Scale has been lower in the treated group than in the control group. In some patients the pain, related probably to the local inflammation, has been less important for the treated breast. In the sequence of centrofacial lift at 1-month postoperative, scar inflammation, oedema and bruises were much less frequent in the treated group (10 %) than in the non-treated group (90 %). CONCLUSION Topical application of RGTA(®) seems to improve cutaneous healing in a group of patients operated for breast reduction and to reduce discomfort, ecchymosis and oedema in the group of centrofacial lifting. These results are concordant to the experimental results obtained and pilot studies results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zakine
- Centre des brûlés, CHRU de Tours, France.
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23
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Charef S, Tulliez M, Esmilaire L, Courty J, Papy-Garcia D. Toxicological evaluation of RGTA OTR4120, a heparan sulfate mimetic. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1965-8. [PMID: 20452387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate mimetic polymers promotes tissue repair when injected locally in doses of 1-2mg/kg by various routes. These biopolymers, have been extensively studied for their diverse biological activities. However, there is no detailed report investigating the toxicity of OTR4120. In this study, the acute and subchronic (30 days) toxicity of varying levels of OTR4120 was investigated in mice after intraperitoneal administration. The results showed that no significant toxicological changes were observed when 50mg/kg body weight per day OTR4120 was administered to mice. But when the dose was increased to 60 and 70 mg/kg body weight per day, the clotting time was significantly prolonged. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were reduced female and male at dose 70 mg/kg body weight per day. These blood biochemistry data suggest that OTR4120 have a hepatoprotective effect. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the no adverse effect level of OTR4120 is 50 mg/kg body weight per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Charef
- Laboratoire CRRET/CNRS UMR 7149, Université Paris 12 val de Marne, PRES Paris Est, 61, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
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24
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Martelly I, Singabraya D, Vandebrouck A, Papy-Garcia D, Cognard C, Raymond G, Guillet-Deniau I, Courty J, Constantin B. Glycosaminoglycan mimetics trigger IP3-dependent intracellular calcium release in myoblasts. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:317-29. [PMID: 20193761 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are sulfated polysaccharides that play an important role in regulating cell functions. GAG mimetics called RGTAs (for ReGeneraTing Agents) have been shown to stimulate tissue repair. In particular they accelerate myogenesis, in part via their heparin-mimetic property towards growth factors. RGTAs also increase activity of calcium-dependent intracellular protease suggesting an effect on calcium cellular homeostasis. This effect was presently investigated on myoblasts in vitro using one member of the RGTA family molecule named OTR4120. We have shown that OTR4120 or heparin induced transient increases of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in pre-fusing myoblasts from both mouse SolD7 cell line and rat skeletal muscle satellite cells grown in primary culture by mobilising sarcoplasmic reticulum store. This [Ca(2+)]i was not mediated by ryanodine receptors but instead resulted from stimulation of the Inositol-3 phosphate-phospholipase C activation pathway. OTR4120-induced calcium transient was not mediated through an ATP, nor a tyrosine kinase, nor an acetylcholine receptor but principally through serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. This original finding shows that the GAG mimetic can induce calcium signal through serotonin receptors and the IP3 pathway may be relevant to its ability to favour myoblast differentiation. It supports a novel and unexpected function of GAGs in the regulation of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Martelly
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), UMR 7149-CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil, France.
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25
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Mangoni M, Yue X, Morin C, Violot D, Frascogna V, Tao Y, Opolon P, Castaing M, Auperin A, Biti G, Barritault D, Vozenin-Brotons MC, Deutsch E, Bourhis J. Differential effect triggered by a heparan mimetic of the RGTA family preventing oral mucositis without tumor protection. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:1242-50. [PMID: 19545790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis is a common side effect induced by radio/chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Although it dramatically impairs patient quality of life, no efficient and safe therapeutic solution is available today. Therefore, we investigated the protective efficacy of a new heparan mimetic biopolymer, RGTA-OTR4131, used alone or in combination with amifostine, for oral mucositis and simultaneously evaluated its effect on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS A single dose of 16.5 Gy was selectively delivered to the snout of mice, and the effects of OTR4131 or amifostine-OTR4131 were analyzed by macroscopic scoring and histology. The effect of OTR4131 administration on tumor growth was then investigated in vitro and in xenograft models using two cell lines (HEP-2 and HT-29). RESULTS Amifostine and OTR4131 significantly decreased the severity and duration of lip mucosal reactions. However, amifostine has to be administered before irradiation, whereas the most impressive protection was obtained when OTR4131 was injected 24 h after irradiation. In addition, OTR4131 was well tolerated, and the combination of amifostine and OTR4131 further enhanced mucosal protection. At the tumor level, OTR4131 did not modify HEP-2 cell line clonogenic survival in vitro or protect xenografted tumor cells from radiotherapy. Of interest, high doses of OTR4131 significantly decreased clonogenic survival of HT-29 cells. CONCLUSIONS RGTAs-OTR4131 is a well-tolerated, natural agent that effectively reduces radio-induced mucositis without affecting tumor sensitivity to irradiation. This suggests a possible transfer into the clinic for patients' benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mangoni
- Laboratoire UPRES EA 2710, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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26
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Zuijdendorp HM, Smit X, Blok JH, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Hovius SER, van Neck JW. Significant reduction in neural adhesions after administration of the regenerating agent OTR4120, a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic, after peripheral nerve injury in rats. J Neurosurg 2008; 109:967-73. [PMID: 18976093 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Extradural and intraneural scar formation after peripheral nerve injury frequently causes tethering and compression of the nerve as well as inhibition of axonal regeneration. Regenerating agents (RGTAs) mimic stabilizing and protective properties of sulphated glycosaminoglycan toward heparin-binding growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an RGTA known as OTR4120 on extraneural fibrosis and axonal regeneration after crush injury in a rat sciatic nerve model. METHODS Thirty-two female Wistar rats underwent a standardized crush injury of the sciatic nerve. The animals were randomly allocated to RGTA treatment or sham treatment in a blinded design. To score neural adhesions, the force required to break the adhesions between the nerve and its surrounding tissue was measured 6 weeks after nerve crush injury. To assess axonal regeneration, magnetoneurographic measurements were performed after 5 weeks. Static footprint analysis was performed preoperatively and at Days 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 postoperatively. RESULTS The magnetoneurographic data show no significant difference in conduction capacity between the RGTA and the control group. In addition, results of the static footprint analysis demonstrate no improved or accelerated recovery pattern. However, the mean pullout force of the RGTA group (67 +/- 9 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the control group (207 +/- 14 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]). CONCLUSIONS The RGTAs strongly reduce nerve adherence to surrounding tissue after nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mischa Zuijdendorp
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Straface G, Aprahamian T, Flex A, Gaetani E, Biscetti F, Smith RC, Pecorini G, Pola E, Angelini F, Stigliano E, Castellot JJ, Losordo DW, Pola R. Sonic hedgehog regulates angiogenesis and myogenesis during post-natal skeletal muscle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:2424-2435. [PMID: 18662193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen-regulating crucial epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development, but its signalling pathway is considered generally silent in post-natal life. In this study, we demonstrate that Shh is de novo expressed after injury and during regeneration of the adult skeletal muscle. Shh expression is followed by significant up-regulation of its receptor and target gene Ptc1 in injured and regenerating muscles. The reactivation of the Shh signalling pathway has an important regulatory role on injury-induced angiogenesis, as inhibition of Shh function results in impaired up-regulation of prototypical angiogenic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha, decreased muscle blood flow and reduced capillary density after injury. In addition, Shh reactivation plays a regulatory role on myogenesis, as its inhibition impairs the activation of the myogenic regulatory factors Myf-5 and MyoD, decreases the up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and reduces the number of myogenic satellite cells at injured site. Finally, Shh inhibition results in muscle fibrosis, increased inflammatory reaction and compromised motor functional recovery after injury. These data demonstrate that the Shh pathway is functionally important for adult skeletal muscle regeneration and displays pleiotropic angiogenic and myogenic potentials in post-natal life. These findings might constitute the foundation for new therapeutic approaches for muscular diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Straface
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Tamar Aprahamian
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Flex
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Biscetti
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Roy C Smith
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Pecorini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Pola
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Angelini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - John J Castellot
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas W Losordo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Pola
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Center of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,IRCCS OASI, Troina, Italy
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28
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Vilette D. Cell models of prion infection. Vet Res 2007; 39:10. [PMID: 18073097 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to recent renewal of interest and concerns in prion diseases, a number of cell systems permissive to prion multiplication have been generated in the last years. These include established cell lines, neuronal stem cells and primary neuronal cultures. While most of these models are permissive to experimental, mouse-adapted strains of prions, the propagation of natural field isolates from sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease has been recently achieved. These models have improved our knowledge on the molecular and cellular events controlling the conversion of the PrP(C) protein into abnormal isoforms and on the cell-to-cell spreading of prions. Infected cultured cells will also facilitate investigations on the molecular basis of strain identity and on the mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration. The ongoing development of new cell models with improved characteristics will certainly be useful for a number of unanswered critical issues in the prion field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Vilette
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225, INRA, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France.
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29
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de Paz JL, Noti C, Böhm F, Werner S, Seeberger PH. Potentiation of fibroblast growth factor activity by synthetic heparin oligosaccharide glycodendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:879-87. [PMID: 17719487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that regulates a variety of cellular processes by interaction with a host of proteins. We report the preparation of synthetic heparin oligosaccharide glycodendrimers and their use as heparin mimetics to regulate heparin-protein interactions. The multivalent display of sugar epitopes mimics the naturally occurring glycans found on cell surfaces and enhances their binding capacity. Binding of the heparin dendrimers to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) was analyzed using heparin microarray experiments and surface plasmon resonance measurements on gold chips. Heparin-coated dendrimers bind FGF-2 significantly more effectively than monovalent heparin oligosaccharides. Dendrimer 1, which displays multiple copies of the sulfated hexasaccharide (GlcNSO(3)[6-OSO(3)]-IdoA[2-OSO(3)])3, was employed to promote FGF-2-mediated mitogen-activated kinase activation, demonstrating the utility of glycodendrimers to modulate heparin-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L de Paz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Charef S, Petit E, Barritault D, Courty J, Caruelle JP. Effects on coagulation of a synthetic heparan mimetic given intraperitoneally or orally. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:1024-1031. [PMID: 17584894 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OTR4120, which belongs to a family of heparan sulfate-mimetic polymers, promotes tissue repair when injected locally in doses of a few micrograms. As OTR4120 is a sulfated polysaccharide, we investigated its possible role on the coagulation cascade. We used both in vitro and in vivo assays. Increases in clotting times (thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) occurred with OTR4120 in doses at least 10 times lower than heparin. OTR4120 dose-dependently inhibited the biological activity of thrombin and bound thrombin with an affinity of 14 +/- 2 nM. SDS-PAGE showed that OTR4120 induced the formation of covalently linked complexes between antithrombin III or heparin cofactor II and thrombin. OTR4120 induced anticoagulant effects, and antithrombin activity was greatest 90 min after intraperitoneal injection. No bleeding or significant platelet count changes occurred with doses smaller than 55 mg/kg. Interestingly, orally administered OTR4120 crossed the gastrointestinal barrier and, in a dose of 70 mg/kg, induced significant ex vivo antithrombotic activity in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Charef
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires UMR CNRS 7149, Université Paris Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
| | | | | | - José Courty
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires UMR CNRS 7149, Université Paris Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Caruelle
- Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires UMR CNRS 7149, Université Paris Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
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31
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Larramendy-Gozalo C, Barret A, Daudigeos E, Mathieu E, Antonangeli L, Riffet C, Petit E, Papy-Garcia D, Barritault D, Brown P, Deslys JP. Comparison of CR36, a new heparan mimetic, and pentosan polysulfate in the treatment of prion diseases. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1062-1067. [PMID: 17325382 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polyanions, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and heparan mimetics, number among the most effective drugs that have been used in experimental models of prion disease and are presumed to act in competition with endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycans as co-receptors for prion protein (PrP) on the cell surface. PPS has been shown to prolong the survival of animals after intracerebral perfusion and is in limited use for the experimental treatment of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Here, PPS is compared with CR36, a new heparan mimetic. Ex vivo, CR36 was more efficient than PPS in reducing PrPres in scrapie-infected cell cultures and showed long-lasting activity. In vivo, CR36 showed none of the acute toxicity observed with PPS and reduced PrPres accumulation in spleens, but had only a marginal effect on the survival time of mice infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In contrast, mice treated with PPS that survived the initial toxic mortality had no detectable PrPres in the spleens and lived 185 days longer than controls (+55 %). These results show, once again, that anti-TSE drugs cannot be encouraged for human therapeutic trials solely on the basis of in vitro or ex vivo observations, but must first be subjected to in vivo animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnès Barret
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Estelle Daudigeos
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Emilie Mathieu
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Lucie Antonangeli
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Cécile Riffet
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS FRE24-12, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS FRE24-12, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Paul Brown
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- CEA, IMETI/SEPIA, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses cedex, France
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32
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Chich JF, Schaeffer B, Bouin AP, Mouthon F, Labas V, Larramendy C, Deslys JP, Grosclaude J. Prion infection-impaired functional blocks identified by proteomics enlighten the targets and the curing pathways of an anti-prion drug. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1774:154-67. [PMID: 17174161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prion-induced neurodegeneration results from multiple cellular alterations among which the accumulation of a modified form of the host protein PrP is but a hallmark. Drug treatments need understanding of underlying mechanisms. Proteomics allows getting a comprehensive view of perturbations leading to neuronal death. Heparan sulfate mimetics has proved to be efficient to clear scrapie protein in cultured cells and in animals. To investigate the mechanisms of drug attack, protein profiles of the neuronal cell line GT1 and its chronically Chandler strain infected counterpart were compared, either in steady state cultures or after a 4-day drug treatment. Differentially expressed proteins were associated into functional blocks relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Protein structure repair and modification, proteolysis, cell shape and energy/oxidation players were affected by infection, in agreement with prion biology. Unexpectedly, novel affected blocks related to translation, nucleus structure and DNA replication were unravelled displaying commonalities with proliferative processes. The drug had a double action in infected cells by reversing protein levels back to normal in some blocks and by heightening survival functions in others. This study emphasizes the interest of a proteomic approach to unravel novel networks involved in prion infection and curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Chich
- Biologie Physico-Chimique des Prions, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France.
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33
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Rouet V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Miao HQ, Vlodavsky I, Caruelle JP, Barritault D. Heparin‐like synthetic polymers, named RGTAs, mimic biological effects of heparinin vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:792-7. [PMID: 16741978 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A family of biopolymers engineered to protect and stabilize heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) show remarkable properties as wound healing agents in several in vivo tissue repair models to the extend that damaged tissues would recover almost its initial aspect and properties. These polymers where named RGTA for regenerating agents and proposed to act in vivo by enhancing the bioavailability of HBGFs at the site of the injury. To provide support for this hypothesis, we studied interaction of RGTA with FGF-2, taken as the paradigm of HBGFs, and its high- and low-affinity receptors as well as its ability to inhibit heparanase activity. We show that RGTA is comparable to heparin as it favors FGF-2 binding to FGFR-1 and FGF-2 dimerization and potentiates FGF-2-induced mitogenic activity. Furthermore, we show that RGTA inhibits the release of FGF-2 from its extracellular matrix storage sites by heparanase. Our data provide new evidence to support that RGTA may act in vivo both by enhancing HBGF activity and preserving HBGF availability by protecting the matrix low affinity heparan sulfates from rapid heparanase degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rouet
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaire (CRRET), UMR 7149, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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Barritault D, Caruelle JP. Les agents de régénération (ou RGTAs) : une nouvelle approche thérapeutique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2006; 64:135-44. [PMID: 16568015 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(06)75306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RGTAs, or ReGeneraTing Agents constitute a new class of medicinal substance that enhance both speed and quality of tissue healing and leading in some case to a real tissue regenerating process. RGTAs consist of chemically engineered polymers adapted to interact with and protect against proteolytic degradation of cellular signaling proteins known as growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, colony stimulating factors, chemokines, neurotrophic factors etc. Indeed almost all these proteins of cellular communication are naturally stored in the extra cellular matrix interacting specifically with the heparan sulfates or HS. After tissue injury of any cause, cells die liberating glycanases and proteases inducing first HS degradation then liberation of the cytokines which in turn are susceptible to degradation as they are no longer protected. By replacing the natural HS, RGTAs will protect cytokines from proteolyses as they are liberated from the matrix compartment matter in the wound. This spatio-temporal selective protection of cytokines results in a preservation of the natural endogenous signaling of a tissue and is reflected by spectacular tissue regeneration or by a very greatly improved tissue repair. These observations indicate that mammals have an unexpected ability to regenerate and that RGTA helps to reveal this capacity. The aim of OTR3 is to develop RGTA into a drug to treat specific tissue lesions.
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35
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Rouet V, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Petit E, Panagopoulou P, Katsoris P, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Courty J. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic binds vascular endothelial growth factor and modulates angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32792-800. [PMID: 16014624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that in situ injection of glycosaminoglycan mimetics called RGTAs (ReGeneraTing Agents) enhanced neovascularization after skeletal muscular ischemia (Desgranges, P., Barbaud, C., Caruelle, J. P., Barritault, D., and Gautron, J. (1999) FASEB J. 13, 761-766). In the present study, we showed that the RGTA OTR4120 modulated angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, in a dose-dependent manner. We therefore investigated the effect of OTR4120 on one of the most specific angiogenesis-regulating heparin-binding growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165). OTR4120 showed high affinity binding to VEGF165 (Kd = 2.2 nm), as compared with heparin (Kd = 15 nm), and potentiated the affinity of VEGF165 for VEGF receptor-1 and -2 and for neuropilin-1. In vitro, OTR4120 potentiated VEGF165-induced proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the in vivo Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay, OTR4120 in a concentration as low as 3 ng/ml caused a 6-fold increase in VEGF165-induced angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining showed a larger number of well differentiated VEGFR-2-expressing-cells in Matrigel sections of OTR4120-treated plug than in control sections. These findings indicate that OTR4120 enhances the VEGF165-induced angiogenesis and therefore may hold promise for treating disorders characterized by deficient angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rouet
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires UMR CNRS 7149, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
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36
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Papy-Garcia D, Barbier-Chassefière V, Rouet V, Kerros ME, Klochendler C, Tournaire MC, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Petit E. Nondegradative Sulfation of Polysaccharides. Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Biologically Active Heparan Sulfate Mimetics. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048485p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barret A, Forestier L, Deslys JP, Julien R, Gallet PF. Glycosylation-related Gene Expression in Prion Diseases. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:10516-23. [PMID: 15632154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412635200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that some glycoconjugates are efficient effectors of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) conversion into its pathogenic (PrP(Sc)) isoform. To assess how glycoconjugate glycan moieties participate in the biogenesis of PrP(Sc), an exhaustive comparative analysis of the expression of about 200 glycosylation-related genes was performed on prion-infected or not, hypothalamus-derived GT1 cells by hybridization of DNA microarrays, semiquantitative RT-PCR, and biochemical assays. A significant up- (30-fold) and down- (17-fold) regulation of the expression of the ChGn1 and Chst8 genes, respectively, was observed in prion-infected cells. ChGn1 and Chst8 are involved in the initiation of the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and in the 4-O-sulfation of non-reducing N-acetylgalactosamine residues, respectively. A possible role for a hyposulfated chondroitin in PrP(Sc) accumulation was evidenced at the protein level and by determination of chondroitin and heparan sulfate amounts. Treatment of Sc-GT1 cells with a heparan mimetic (HM2602) induced an important reduction of the amount of PrP(Sc), associated with a total reversion of the transcription pattern of the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfotransferase 8. It suggests a link between the genetic control of 4-O-sulfation and PrP(Sc) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Barret
- Groupe d'Innovation Diagnostique et Thérapeutique des Infections à Prions, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 18 route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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38
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Sosa-Rosales JI, D'Suze G, Salazar V, Fox J, Sevcik C. Purification of a myotoxin from the toadfish Thalassophryne maculosa (Günter) venom. Toxicon 2005; 45:147-53. [PMID: 15626363 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Venom was milked by gently pressing the base of the opercular and dorsal fin spines. Three fractions were obtained by molecular exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Protein Pak 125SW, Millipore Corporation) column, but only the last one with 22.7 min retention time (rt) was biological active (TmPP-22.7). This fraction was rechromatographed on reversed phase HPLC chlorobutylsilane columns (C4, Vydac) nine fractions were obtained, but only one (TmC4-47.2) with 47.2 min rt was biologically active. MALD-TOF mass analysis was carried out on two samples of TmC-47.2 and the results were 15,161.36 and 15,154.70 a.m.u., respectively. Raw venom (1040 microg/ml) depolarised frog (Hyla crepitans) muscle irreversibly from -85 (-88, -81) mV (n=20, median and its 95% CI) to -18 (-24, -15) mV (n=24). The biological activity in TmPP-22.7 (38 microg/ml), which depolarised muscle fibres from -79 (-82, -76) mV (n=20) to -63 (-69 -57) mV (n=24). The depolarising fraction was TmC4-47.2 (50 microg/ml) which depolarised muscles from -87 (91, -82) mV (n=33) to -63 (-76 -51) mV (n=53); the depolarising effect at this concentration was completely reversed on washing with normal saline for 2 h. Muscles treated with 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) were depolarised from -80 (-85, -72) mV (n=49) to -44 (-56, -31) mV (n=44) when 100 microg/ml TmC4-47.2 were applied with TTX; washing 130 min with 1 microM TTX repolarised to -59 (-69, -50) mV (n=25). We also present evidence that TmC4-47.2 induces myonecrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Sosa-Rosales
- Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Boca de Río, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
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39
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Zimowska M, Constantin B, Papy-Garcia D, Raymond G, Cognard C, Caruelle JP, Moraczewski J, Martelly I. Novel glycosaminoglycan mimetic (RGTA, RGD120) contributes to enhance skeletal muscle satellite cell fusion by increasing intracellular Ca2+ and calpain activity. J Cell Physiol 2005; 205:237-45. [PMID: 15887234 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are classes of molecules that play an important role in cellular processes. The use of GAG mimetics called regenerating agent (RGTA) represents a tool to investigate the effect of GAG moiety on cellular behavior. A first member of the RGTA family (RG1192), a dextran polymers with defined amounts of sulfate, carboxymethyl, as well as hydrophobic groups (benzylamide), was shown to stimulate skeletal muscle repair after damage and myoblast differentiation. To obtain a comprehensive insight into the mechanism of action of GAG mimetics, we investigated the effect on myoblast differentiation of a novel RGTA, named RGD120, which was devoid of hydrophobic substitution and had ionic charge similar to heparin. Myoblasts isolated from adult rat skeletal muscles and grown in primary cultures were used in this study. We found that chronic treatment with RGD120 increased the growth of adult myoblasts and induced their precocious fusion into myotubes in vitro. It also partially overcame the inhibitory effect of the calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal (ALLN) on these events. Western blot and zymography analyses revealed that milli calpain was slightly increased by RGD120 chronic treatment. In addition, using fluorescent probes (Indo-1 and Boc-leu-met-MAC), we demonstrated that RGD120 added to prefusing myoblast cultures accelerates myoblast fusion into myotubes, induced an increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration, and concomitantly an increase of intracellular calpain protease activity. Altogether, these results suggested that the efficiency of RGD120 in stimulating myogenesis might be in part explained through its effect on calcium mobilization as well as on the calpain amount and activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calpain/analysis
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Extracts/pharmacology
- Cell Fusion
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fluorescence
- Glycosaminoglycans/chemistry
- Glycosaminoglycans/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Molecular Mimicry
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/drug effects
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Poland
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40
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Barbosa I, Morin C, Garcia S, Duchesnay A, Oudghir M, Jenniskens G, Miao HQ, Guimond S, Carpentier G, Cebrian J, Caruelle JP, van Kuppevelt T, Turnbull J, Martelly I, Papy-Garcia D. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic (RGTA) modifies natural glycosaminoglycan species during myogenesis. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:253-64. [PMID: 15615789 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crucial events in myogenesis rely on the highly regulated spatiotemporal distribution of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans to which are associated growth factors, thus creating a specific microenvironment around muscle cells. Most growth factors involved in control of myoblast growth and differentiation are stored in the extracellular matrix through interaction with specific sequences of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides, mainly heparan sulfate (HS). Different HS subspecies revealed by specific antibodies, have been shown to provide spatiotemporal regulation during muscle development. We have previously shown that glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetics called RGTA (ReGeneraTing Agent), stimulate muscle precursor cell growth and differentiation. These data suggest an important role of GAGs during myogenesis; however, little is yet known about the different species of GAGs synthesized during myogenesis and their metabolic regulation. We therefore quantified GAGs during myogenesis of C2.7 cells and show that the composition of GAG species was modified during myogenic differentiation. In particular, HS levels were increased during this process. In addition, the GAG mimetic RGTA, which stimulated both growth and differentiation of C2.7 cells, increased the total amount of GAG produced by these cells without significantly altering their rate of sulfation. RGTA treatment further enhanced HS levels and changed its sub-species composition. Although mRNA levels of the enzymes involved in HS biosynthesis were almost unchanged during myogenic differentiation, heparanase mRNA levels decreased. RGTA did not markedly alter these levels. Here we show that the effects of RGTA on myoblast growth and differentiation are in part mediated through an alteration of GAG species and provide an important insight into the role of these molecules in normal or pathologic myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Barbosa
- Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS UMR 7149, Université Paris 12-Val de Marne, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
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41
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Petit E, Papy-Garcia D, Muller G, Courtois B, Caruelle JP, Courtois J. Controlled sulfatation of natural anionic bacterial polysaccharides can yield agents with specific regenerating activity in vivo. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:445-52. [PMID: 15003004 DOI: 10.1021/bm034257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regenerating activities of chemically modified anionic bacterial polysaccharides by O-sulfonation were investigated using a in vivo model of rat injured muscle regeneration. Glucuronan (GA), a linear homopolysaccharide of -->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1--> residues partially acetylated at the C-3 and/or the C-2 position, and glucoglucuronan (GGA), a linear heteropolysaccharide of -->3)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1--> residues were sulfated. SO3-DMF sulfatation complex provided polysaccharides with different sulfur contents, however, a depolymerization occurred because we did not use large excess of pyridine to obtain pure modified polysaccharides. A regenerating activity on injured extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles on rats was obtained with these two sulfated anionic polymers. The position of sulfate groups on glucoglucuronan (primary or secondary alcohol) seems to have no influence on the biological activity by opposition to the degree of sulfatation both for the glucuronans and the glucoglucuronans. The yield of acetate groups in the glucuronan polymer modulated the specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Petit
- Laboratoire des Glucides, Laboratoire des Polysaccharides Microbiens et Végétaux, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France.
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42
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Alexakis C, Mestries P, Garcia S, Petit E, Barbier V, Papy-Garcia D, Sagot MA, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Structurally different RGTAs modulate collagen-type expression by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells via different pathways involving fibroblast growth factor-2 or transforming growth factor-beta1. FASEB J 2004; 18:1147-9. [PMID: 15132978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-1126fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered polymers called ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), which mimic the protecting and potentiating properties of heparan sulfates toward heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF). RGTAs have been shown to optimize cell growth and regulate collagen production in vitro. Here, we studied relationships between RGTA structure and collagen-type expression in aortic smooth muscle cells by using two RGTAs, the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran RG-1503 and the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran with added benzylamide RG-1192. RG-1192 specifically induced a fivefold decrease in collagen III synthesis. This effect was abolished by FGF-2 neutralizing antibody. RG-1192 and FGF-2 acted synergistically to decrease collagen III. RG-1192 was more effective than heparin in this process. RG-1192 increased the pericellular localization of FGF-2 and protected FGF-2 from proteolysis. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated a Kd of 15.7 nM for the RG-1192/FGF-2 interaction (10.6 nM for the heparin/FGF-2 interaction). The structurally different RG-1503 (without benzylamide) did not interact with FGF-2 and worked synergistically with TGF-beta1 to specifically induce a twofold increase in collagen V. RGTAs with different structures exert different modulating effects on the collagen phenotype. Selection of appropriate RGTAs, which had been shown to enhance in vivo tissue repair, may provide a mean of correcting collagen abnormalities in vascular disorders and more generally in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS FRE 2412, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris 12, Créteil Cedex, France
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43
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Villena J, Brandan E. Dermatan sulfate exerts an enhanced growth factor response on skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and migration. J Cell Physiol 2004; 198:169-78. [PMID: 14603519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process in which many agents are involved. When skeletal muscle suffers an injury, quiescent resident myoblasts called satellite cells are activated to proliferate, migrate, and finally differentiate. This whole process occurs in the presence of growth factors, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and infiltrating macrophages. We have shown previously that different proteoglycans, either present at the plasma membrane or the ECM, are involved in the differentiation process by regulating growth factor activity. In this article, we evaluated the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in myoblast proliferation and migration, using C2C12, a satellite cell-derived cell line. A synergic stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation was observed with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF-2), which was dependent on cell sulfation. The GAG dermatan sulfate (DS) enhanced HGF/FGF-2-dependent proliferation at 1-10 ng/ml. However, decorin, a proteoglycan containing DS, was unable to reproduce this enhanced proliferative effect. On the other hand, HGF strongly increased myoblast migration. The HGF-dependent migratory process required the presence of sulfated proteoglycans/GAGs present on the myoblast surface, as inhibition of both cell sulfation, and heparitinase (Hase) and chondroitinase ABC (Ch(abc)) treatment of myoblasts, resulted in a very strong inhibition of cell migration. Among the GAGs analyzed, DS most increased HGF-dependent myoblast migration. Taken together, these findings showed that DS is an enhancer of growth factor-dependent proliferation and migration, two critical processes involved in skeletal muscle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Villena
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, MIFAB, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Morvan FO, Baroukh B, Ledoux D, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Godeau G, Saffar JL. An engineered biopolymer prevents mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in hamsters. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2004; 164:739-46. [PMID: 14742277 PMCID: PMC1602269 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a common, treatment-limiting, and costly side effect of cancer treatments whose biological underpinnings remain poorly understood. In this study, mucositis induced in hamsters by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was observed after cheek-pouch scarifications, with and without administration of RGTA (RG1503), a polymer engineered to mimic the protective effects of heparan sulfate. RG1503 had no effects on 5-FU-induced decreases in body weight, blood cell counts, or cheek-pouch and jejunum epithelium proliferation rates, suggesting absence of interference with the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU. Extensive mucositis occurred in all of the untreated animals, and consisted of severe damage to cheek pouch tissues (epithelium, underlying connective tissue, and muscle bundles). Only half of the RG1503-treated animals had mucositis, over a mean area 70% smaller than in the untreated animals. Basement membranes were almost completely destroyed in the untreated group but was preserved in the RG1503 group. RG1503 blunted or abolished the following 5-FU-induced effects: increases in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and plasmin, and decreases in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. These data indicate that mucositis lesions are related to massive release of proteolytic enzymes and are improved by RG1503 treatment, this effect being ascribable in part to restoration of the MMP-TIMP balance. RG1503 given with cancer treatment might protect patients from mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric O Morvan
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris-5, Montrouge, France
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45
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Casar JC, Cabello-Verrugio C, Olguin H, Aldunate R, Inestrosa NC, Brandan E. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are increased during skeletal muscle regeneration: requirement of syndecan-3 for successful fiber formation. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:73-84. [PMID: 14627628 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly complex and regulated process that involves muscle precursor proliferation and differentiation and probably requires the participation of heparin binding growth factors such as FGFs, HGF and TGFβ. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, key components of cell-surfaces and ECM, modulate growth factor activities and influence cell growth and differentiation. Their expression in forming muscle masses during development and in cell culture, suggest their participation in the regulation of myogenesis. In the present study, heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in skeletal muscle regeneration induced by barium chloride injection was evaluated. Expression of muscle differentiation markers and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) components was characterized. Immunoblots with anti-Δ-heparan sulfate antibody showed that four major species - perlecan, glypican, syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 - were transiently up-regulated. The first three were detected at the surface or basement membranes of newly formed myotubes by specific indirect immunofluorescence. Syndecan-3, a satellite cell marker, showed the earliest and most significant increase. Experiments involving myoblast grafting into regenerating muscle showed that C2C12 cell clones, with inhibited syndecan-3 expression resulting from antisense transfection, presented a normal proliferation rate but an impaired capacity to fuse and form skeletal muscle fibers. These data constitute the first in vivo evidence suggesting the requirement of a specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan for successful skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Casar
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, MIFAB, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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46
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Schonberger O, Horonchik L, Gabizon R, Papy-Garcia D, Barritault D, Taraboulos A. Novel heparan mimetics potently inhibit the scrapie prion protein and its endocytosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312:473-9. [PMID: 14637161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During prion diseases the normal prion protein PrP(C) is refolded into an abnormal conformer PrP(Sc). We have studied the PrP(Sc) inhibiting activity of a library of synthetic heparan mimetic (HM) biopolymers. HMs are chemically derived dextrans obtained by successive substitutions with carboxymethyl, benzylamide, and sulfate groups on glucose residues. Some HMs eliminated PrP(Sc) from prion-infected cells after a 5 day course at 100 ng/ml and were 15 x potent than pentosan sulfate in this system. The anti-PrP(Sc) activity of HMs correlated with the degree of sulfation but was increased by benzylamidation. HMs did not reduce the synthesis of PrP(C) nor its attachment to lipid rafts, but instead blocked its conversion into PrP(Sc). The anti-PrP(Sc) HMs also prevented the uptake of prion rods by cultured cells. HMs may thus block the interaction of PrP(Sc) with a putative cellular receptor, possibly heparan sulfate. HMs provide an attractive chemical approach for the synthesis of TSE therapeutic and prophylactic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat Schonberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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47
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Pesce M, Orlandi A, Iachininoto MG, Straino S, Torella AR, Rizzuti V, Pompilio G, Bonanno G, Scambia G, Capogrossi MC. Myoendothelial differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells in ischemic limb tissues. Circ Res 2003; 93:e51-62. [PMID: 12919944 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000090624.04507.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains high numbers of endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) characterized by coexpression of CD34 and CD133 markers. Prior studies have shown that CD34+/CD133+ EPCs from the cord or peripheral blood (PB) can give rise to endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. In the present study, it is shown that freshly isolated human cord blood CD34+ cells injected into ischemic adductor muscles gave rise to endothelial and, unexpectedly, to skeletal muscle cells in mice. In fact, the treated limbs exhibited enhanced arteriole length density and regenerating muscle fiber density. Under similar experimental conditions, CD34- cells did not enhance the formation of new arterioles and regenerating muscle fibers. In nonischemic limbs CD34+ cells increased arteriole length density but did not promote formation of new muscle fibers. Endothelial and myogenic differentiation ability was maintained in CD34+ cells after ex vivo expansion. Myogenic conversion of human cord blood CD34+ cells was also observed in vitro by coculture onto mouse myoblasts. These results show that human cord blood CD34+ cells differentiate into endothelial and skeletal muscle cells, thus providing an indication of human EPCs plasticity. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pesce
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Terapia Genica, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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48
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Adjou KT, Simoneau S, Salès N, Lamoury F, Dormont D, Papy-Garcia D, Barritault D, Deslys JP, Lasmézas CI. A novel generation of heparan sulfate mimetics for the treatment of prion diseases. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:2595-2603. [PMID: 12917481 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of PrP(res), the protease-resistant abnormal form of the host-encoded cellular prion protein, PrP(C), plays a central role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Human contamination by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has propelled many scientific teams on a highway for anti-prion drug development. This study reports that heparan sulfate mimetics (HMs), developed originally for their effect on tissue regeneration, abolish prion propagation in scrapie-infected GT1 cells. PrP(res) does not reappear for up to 50 days post-treatment. When tested in vivo, one of these compounds, HM2602, hampered PrP(res) accumulation in scrapie- and BSE-infected mice and prolonged significantly the survival time of 263K scrapie-infected hamsters. Interestingly, HM2602 is an apparently less toxic and more potent inhibitor of PrP(res) accumulation than dextran sulfate 500, a molecule known to exhibit anti-prion properties in vivo. Kinetics of PrP(res) disappearance in vitro and unaffected PrP(C) levels during treatment suggest that HMs are able to block the conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(res). It is speculated that HMs act as competitors of endogenous heparan sulfates known to act as co-receptors for the prion protein. Since these molecules are particularly amenable to drug design, their anti-prion potential could be developed further and optimized for the treatment of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Tarik Adjou
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Steve Simoneau
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Salès
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - François Lamoury
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Dormont
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | | | - Denis Barritault
- Laboratoire CRETT, CNRS FRE2412, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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49
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Escartin Q, Lallam-Laroye C, Baroukh B, Morvan FO, Caruelle JP, Godeau G, Barritault D, Saffar JL. A new approach to treat tissue destruction in periodontitis with chemically modified dextran polymers. FASEB J 2003; 17:644-51. [PMID: 12665477 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0708com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis are diseases of the supportive tissues of the teeth provoked by bacteria and characterized by gingival inflammation and bone destruction. We have developed a new strategy to repair tissues by administrating agents (RGTA) that mimic heparan sulfates by protecting selectively some of the growth factors naturally present within the injured tissue and interfering with inflammation. After periodontitis induction in hamsters, the animals were left untreated or received weekly i.m. injections of RGTA1507 at a dose of 100 microg/kg, 400 microg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg for 4 wk. RGTA treatment significantly reduced gingival tissue inflammation, thickened the pocket epithelium by increasing cell proliferation, and enhanced collagen accumulation in the gingiva. A marked reduction in bone loss was observed, resulting from depression of osteoclasia and robust stimulation of bone formation at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg. RGTA treatment for 8 wk at this dose reversed macroscopic bone loss, sharply contrasting with the extensive bone destruction in the untreated animals. RGTA treatment decreased gelatinase A (MMP-2) and B (MMP-9) pro-forms in gingival tissues. Our data indicate that a 4 wk treatment dose-dependently attenuated gingival and bone manifestations of the disease, whereas a longer treatment restored alveolar bone close to controls. By modulating and coordinating host responses, RGTA has unique therapeutic properties and is a promising candidate for the treatment of human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Escartin
- Laboratoire de Biologie et PhysioPathologie Crânio-Faciales, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université René Descartes (Paris-5), 92120 Montrouge, France
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50
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Ledoux D, Merciris D, Barritault D, Caruelle JP. Heparin-like dextran derivatives as well as glycosaminoglycans inhibit the enzymatic activity of human cathepsin G. FEBS Lett 2003; 537:23-9. [PMID: 12606025 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Some synthetic dextran derivatives that mimic the action of heparin/heparan sulfate were previously shown to inhibit neutrophil elastase and plasmin. Here we report that these derivatized dextrans also inhibit cathepsin G (CatG). Dextran containing carboxymethyl and benzylamide groups (RG1150) as well as those containing carboxymethyl, sulfate and benzylamide groups (RG1192), were the most efficient inhibitors of CatG activity. RG1192 and RG1150 bind CatG with a K(i) of 0.11 and 0.17 nM, respectively, while carboxymethylated sulfated dextran (RG1503) as well as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate bind CatG with a 7- to 30-fold lower affinity. Variation of K(i) with ionic strength indicates that ionic interactions account for 26% of the RG1503-CatG binding energy, while binding of RG1192 or RG1150 to CatG is mainly governed by non-electrostatic interactions. This, together with the fact that these compounds both protect fibronectin and laminin against CatG-mediated degradation, suggest that specific dextran derivatives can contribute to the regulation of CatG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ledoux
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires, CNRS FRE-2412, Université Paris XII, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94000 Créteil, France
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