1
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Gekle M, Eckenstaler R, Braun H, Olgac A, Robaa D, Mildenberger S, Dubourg V, Schreier B, Sippl W, Benndorf R. Direct GPCR-EGFR interaction enables synergistic membrane-to-nucleus information transfer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:272. [PMID: 38900158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We addressed the heteromerization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) on the basis of angiotensin-II-receptor-subtype-1(AT1R)-EGFR interaction as proof-of-concept and show its functional relevance during synergistic nuclear information transfer, beyond ligand-dependent EGFR transactivation. Following in silico modelling, we generated EGFR-interaction deficient AT1R-mutants and compared them to AT1R-wildtype. Receptor interaction was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Changes in cell morphology, ERK1/2-phosphorylation (ppERK1/2), serum response factor (SRF)-activation and cFOS protein expression were determined by digital high content microscopy at the single cell level. FRET, FLIM and CoIP confirmed the physical interaction of AT1R-wildtype with EGFR that was strongly reduced for the AT1R-mutants. Responsiveness of cells transfected with AT1R-WT or -mutants to angiotensin II or EGF was similar regarding changes in cell circularity, ppERK1/2 (direct and by ligand-dependent EGFR-transactivation), cFOS-expression and SRF-activity. By contrast, the EGFR-AT1R-synergism regarding these parameters was completely absent for in the interaction-deficient AT1R mutants. The results show that AT1R-EGFR heteromerisation enables AT1R-EGFR-synergism on downstream gene expression regulation, modulating the intensity and the temporal pattern of nuclear AT1R/EGFR-information transfer. Furthermore, remote EGFR transactivation, via ligand release or cytosolic tyrosine kinases, is not sufficient for the complete synergistic control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Heike Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Abdurrahman Olgac
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf Benndorf
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Morita D, Ito K, Ikeuchi N, Nishida Y, Igata F, Nakamura T, Murayama H, Watanabe M, Takahashi K, Yasuno T, Uesugi N, Fujita M, Oda T, Masutani K. A case of crescentic glomerulonephritis induced by afatinib for lung adenocarcinoma. CEN Case Rep 2022; 12:152-158. [PMID: 36180718 PMCID: PMC10151294 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Afatinib is a second-generation, oral, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). One of the most common adverse effects of affatinib is diarrhea, which may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) due to severe plasma volume loss; however, no case of glomerular injury directly induced by afatinib has been reported to date. Here, we describe the case of a 53-year-old Japanese male patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who twice developed AKI requiring dialysis, once after starting and once after increasing the dose of afatinib. Although serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative, crescentic glomerulonephritis with no immune deposits was confirmed on kidney biopsy. No vasculitis-like signs were observed in other organs, such as lung, skin, or peripheral nerves. Afatinib was considered the cause of glomerular damage and was immediately discontinued; corticosteroids were administered. Renal function gradually recovered thereafter, with serum creatinine levels at ~ 2.3 mg/dL after second-line therapy with bevacizumab and atezolizumab. Several cases of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis have been reported in patients treated with other EGFR-TKIs; therefore, afatinib-induced vasculitis may lead to crescentic glomerulonephritis. Although afatinib-induced glomerular injury is extremely rare and has an unclear mechanism, renal function and urinary findings need to be closely monitored.
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3
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Cai Y, Feng Z, Jia Q, Guo J, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Wang YX, Liu YN, Liu WJ. Cordyceps cicadae Ameliorates Renal Hypertensive Injury and Fibrosis Through the Regulation of SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:801094. [PMID: 35222012 PMCID: PMC8866973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive renal injury is a complication of hypertension. Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat chronic kidney diseases especially renal fibrosis. Autophagy is described as a cell self-renewal process that requires lysosomal degradation and is utilized for the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis. The present study explores the mechanism underlying C. cicadae’s renoprotection on hypertensive nephropathy (HN). First, HN rat models were established on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The expression of fibrosis-related protein and autophagy-associated protein was detected in vivo. NRK-52E cells exposed to AngII were chosen to observe the potential health benefits of C. cicadae on renal damage. The level of extracellular matrix accumulation was detected using capillary electrophoresis immunoquantification and immunohistochemistry. After treatment with lysosomal inhibitors (chloroquine) or an autophagy activator (rapamycin), the expression of Beclin-1, LC3II, and SQSTM1/p62 was further investigated. The study also investigated the change in sirtuin1 (SIRT1), fork head box O3a (FOXO3a), and peroxidation (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) expression when intervened by resveratrol. The changes in SIRT1 and FOXO3a were measured in patients and the SHRs. Here, we observed that C. cicadae significantly decreased damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and TGFβ1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (Col-1), and fibronectin expression. Meanwhile, autophagy defects were observed both in vivo and in vitro. C. cicadae intervention significantly downregulated Beclin-1 and LC3II and decreased SQSTM1/p62, showing an inhibition of autophagic vesicles and the alleviation of autophagy stress. These functions were suppressed by rapamycin, and the results were just as effective as the resveratrol treatment. HN patients and the SHRs exhibited decreased levels of SIRT1 and FOXO3a. We also observed a positive correlation between SIRT1/FOXO3a and antifibrotic effects. Similar to the resveratrol group, the expression of SIRT1/FOXO3a and oxidative stress were elevated by C. cicadae in vivo. Taken together, our findings show that C. cicadae ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis and delays HN progression. Renoprotection was likely attributable to the regulation of autophagic stress mediated by the SIRT1 pathway and achieved by regulating FOXO3a and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Department of Nephropathy, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pingna Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Department of Endocrinology Nephropathy of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ning Liu, ; Wei Jing Liu,
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital Addiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ning Liu, ; Wei Jing Liu,
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4
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Schreier B, Dubourg V, Hübschmann S, Rabe S, Mildenberger S, Gekle M. Synergy of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and angiotensin II (AT1R) receptor determines composition and temporal pattern of transcriptome variation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:57. [PMID: 34921637 PMCID: PMC8738452 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR and the G-protein-coupled receptor AT1R induce essential cellular responses, in part via receptor crosstalk with an unknown role in nuclear information transfer and transcription regulation. We investigated whether this crosstalk results in linear, EGFR-mediated nuclear signalling or in parallel, synergistic information transfer leading to qualitative and temporal variations, relevant for gene expression and environment interaction. AT1R and EGFR synergistically activate SRF via the ERK1/2-TCF and actin-MRTF pathways. Synergism, comprised of switch-like and graded single cell response, converges on the transcription factors AP1 and EGR, resulting in synergistic transcriptome alterations, in qualitative (over-additive number of genes), quantitative (over-additive expression changes of individual genes) and temporal (more late onset and prolonged expressed genes) terms. Gene ontology and IPA® pathway analysis indicate prolonged cell stress (e.g. hypoxia-like) and dysregulated vascular biology. Synergism occurs during separate but simultaneous activation of both receptors and during AT1R-induced EGFR transactivation. EGFR and AT1R synergistically regulate gene expression in qualitative, quantitative and temporal terms with (patho)physiological relevance, extending the importance of EGFR-AT1R crosstalk beyond cytoplasmic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefanie Hübschmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sindy Rabe
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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5
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Melderis S, Hagenstein J, Warkotsch MT, Dang J, Herrnstadt GR, Niehus CB, Neumann K, Panzer U, Berasain C, Avila MA, Tharaux PL, Tiegs G, Steinmetz OM. Amphiregulin Aggravates Glomerulonephritis via Recruitment and Activation of Myeloid Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1996-2012. [PMID: 32616537 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified the EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand amphiregulin (AREG) as an important mediator of inflammatory diseases. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions have been described, but the role of AREG in GN remains unknown. METHODS The nephrotoxic nephritis model of GN was studied in AREG-/- mice after bone marrow transplantation, and in mice with myeloid cell-specific EGFR deficiency. Therapeutic utility of AREG neutralization was assessed. Furthermore, AREG's effects on renal cells and monocytes/macrophages (M/M) were analyzed. Finally, we evaluated AREG expression in human renal biopsies. RESULTS Renal AREG mRNA was strongly upregulated in murine GN. Renal resident cells were the most functionally relevant source of AREG. Importantly, the observation that knockout mice showed significant amelioration of disease indicates that AREG is pathogenic in GN. AREG enhanced myeloid cell responses via inducing chemokine and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) expression in kidney resident cells. Furthermore, AREG directly skewed M/M to a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and protected them from apoptosis. Consequently, anti-AREG antibody treatment dose-dependently ameliorated GN. Notably, selective abrogation of EGFR signaling in myeloid cells was sufficient to protect against nephritis. Finally, strong upregulation of AREG expression was also detected in kidneys of patients with two forms of crescentic GN. CONCLUSIONS AREG is a proinflammatory mediator of GN via (1) enhancing renal pathogenic myeloid cell infiltration and (2) direct effects on M/M polarization, proliferation, and cytokine secretion. The AREG/EGFR axis is a potential therapeutic target for acute GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Melderis
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hagenstein
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julien Dang
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Program of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Kim S, Subramanian V, Abdel-Latif A, Lee S. Role of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor in Oxidative Stress-Associated Metabolic Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:186-196. [PMID: 32077785 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an EGF family member that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERBB4. Since HB-EGF was first identified as a novel growth factor secreted from a human macrophage cell line, numerous pathological and physiological functions related to cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation have been reported. Notably, the expression of HB-EGF is sensitively upregulated by oxidative stress in the endothelial cells and functions for auto- and paracrine-EGFR signaling. Overnutrition and obesity cause elevation of HB-EGF expression and EGFR signaling in the hepatic and vascular systems. Modulations of HB-EGF signaling showed a series of protections against phenotypes related to metabolic syndrome and advanced metabolic diseases, suggesting HB-EGF as a potential target against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonwook Kim
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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7
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Yamamoto Y, Iyoda M, Tachibana S, Matsumoto K, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Iseri K, Saito T, Fukuda-Hihara K, Shibata T. Erlotinib attenuates the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats with remnant kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:598-606. [PMID: 28992288 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis. Currently no effective treatment can completely halt the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was undertaken to investigate the renoprotective effects of erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block EGFR activity in the progression of CKD and the mechanisms involved. Methods Sprague Dawley rats with 5/6 nephrectomy were administered either erlotinib or vehicle from 2 weeks after surgery and for a period of 8 weeks. Blood pressure, proteinuria and serum creatinine were measured periodically. Renal morphological investigations were performed at sacrifice. In vitro, we used normal human mesangial cells (NHMCs) and human proximal tubular cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on renal fibrosis-associated signaling pathways by western blotting. Results Erlotinib treatment significantly blunted the progression of CKD as evidenced by reduced levels of serum creatinine, proteinuria and renal cortical profibrogenic genes and scores of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels were also attenuated by erlotinib treatment. In vitro, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor-induced Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation in normal human mesangial cells and human proximal tubular cells was inhibited by pretreatment with erlotinib. Conclusions EGFR blocking by erlotinib protected against renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via inhibition of Akt and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, which are associated with renal fibrosis. Erlotinib also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its renoprotective effects. Erlotinib represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukuda-Hihara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Circulating miR-103a-3p contributes to angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis via a SNRK/NF-κB/p65 regulatory axis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2145. [PMID: 31086184 PMCID: PMC6513984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although angiotensin II (AngII) is known to cause renal injury and fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here we show that hypertensive nephropathy (HN) patients and AngII-infused mice exhibit elevated levels of circulating miR103a-3p. We observe a positive correlation between miR-103a-3p levels and AngII-induced renal dysfunction. miR-103a-3p suppresses expression of the sucrose non-fermentable-related serine/threonine-protein kinase SNRK in glomerular endothelial cells, and glomeruli of HN patients and AngII-infused mice show reduced endothelial expression of SNRK. We find that SNRK exerts anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65. Overall, we demonstrate that AngII increases circulating miR-103a-3p levels, which reduces SNRK levels in glomerular endothelial cells, resulting in the over-activation of NF-κB/p65 and, consequently, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Together, our work identifies miR-103a-3p/SNRK/NF-κB/p65 as a regulatory axis of AngII-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. Angiotensin II is known to cause renal inflammation and fibrosis. Here Lu et al. show that levels of circulating miR-103a-3p are elevated in hypertensive nephropathy patients and in an animal model of angiotensin II-induced renal dysfunction, and that miR-103a-3p suppresses SNRK expression leading to the activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway in glomerular endothelial cells.
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Xu L, Li X, Zhang F, Wu L, Dong Z, Zhang D. EGFR drives the progression of AKI to CKD through HIPK2 overexpression. Theranostics 2019; 9:2712-2726. [PMID: 31131063 PMCID: PMC6526000 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by vancomycin (VAN) remains largely unknown. Methods: The mice model of VAN drives AKI to CKD was developed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The EGF receptor mutant (Wa-2) mice and gefitinib were used to inactivation of EGFR. The homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) siRNA was applied to silence of HIPK2. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were used to explore the molecular regulation methanism of EGFR. ChIp analysis was used to investigate if STAT3 interaction with the promoter of HIPK2. Results: A novel VAN-induced AKI mouse model was established for the first time. Moreover, the expression levels collagen I&IV, α-SMA, p-EGFR and the expression of HIPK2 proteins were upregulated in this model. Interestingly, AKI caused by VAN was markedly attenuated in waved-2 mice at the early stage, as evidenced by the suppression of renal dysfunction, renal cell apoptosis and caspase3 activation. In the latter stage, renal fibrosis and inflammation were significantly ameliorated in Wa-2 mice, accompanied by the downregulation of profibrotic molecules and F4/80. Besides, the expression levels of HIPK2 and p-STAT3 were suppressed in Wa-2 mice during VAN-induced transition of AKI to CKD. In addition, renal fibrosis and inflammation, profibrotic molecules, and EGFR/STAT3/HIPK2 signaling were ameliorated by gefitinib treatment after VAN-induced AKI. These results were consistent with the findings of Wa-2 mice. EGFR/STAT3 signaling mediated VAN-induced HIPK2 expression in HK-2 cells. ChIp analysis revealed that STAT3 directly bound to the promoter region of HIPK2. Finally, inhibition of HIPK2 attenuated the VAN drove the progression of AKI to CKD. Conclusion: These data suggest that EGFR plays an important role in VAN-driven progression of AKI to CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Kidney Injury/complications
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Caspase 3/genetics
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gefitinib/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vancomycin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of cellular Biology and anatomy, Medical college of Georgia at Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Mitsuishi Y, Shibata H, Kurihara I, Kobayashi S, Yokota K, Murai-Takeda A, Hayashi T, Jo R, Nakamura T, Morisaki M, Itoh H. Epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway enhances mineralocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity through protein stabilization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:89-99. [PMID: 29391190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is evoked by aldosterone, and it induces hypertension and cardiovascular disease when it's concomitant with excessive salt loading. We have proposed the notion of "MR-associated hypertension", in which add-on therapy of MR blockers is effective even though serum aldosterone level is within normal range. To elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism, we focused on the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation on MR activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) administration increased MR transcriptional activity through EGFR/ERK pathway and increased protein level by counteracting MR ubiquitylation in vitro. EGF administration in vivo also increased MR protein level and target gene expression in kidney, which were decreased by EGFR inhibitor. In addition, the administration of EGFR inhibitor lowered systolic blood pressure and MR activity in DOCA/salt-treated mice. In conclusion, EGFR/ERK pathway activation is considered as one of the underlying mechanisms of aberrant MR activation and EGFR/ERK pathway blockade could be an alternative approach for the prevention of MR-related cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mitsuishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamamachi, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan.
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayano Murai-Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Diabetes Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Rie Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuha Morisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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11
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Li Z, Li Y, Overstreet JM, Chung S, Niu A, Fan X, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation Is Associated With Improved Diabetic Nephropathy and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1847-1857. [PMID: 29959129 PMCID: PMC6110321 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies by us and others have indicated that renal epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are activated in models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and that inhibition of EGFR activity protects against progressive DN in type 1 diabetes. In this study we examined whether inhibition of EGFR activation would affect the development of DN in a mouse model of accelerated type 2 diabetes (BKS db/db with endothelial nitric oxide knockout [eNOS-/-db/db]). eNOS-/-db/db mice received vehicle or erlotinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, beginning at 8 weeks of age and were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. In addition, genetic models inhibiting EGFR activity (waved 2) and transforming growth factor-α (waved 1) were studied in this model of DN in type 2 diabetes. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, erlotinib-treated animals had less albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, less podocyte loss, and smaller amounts of renal profibrotic and fibrotic components. Erlotinib treatment decreased renal oxidative stress, macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Erlotinib treatment also preserved pancreas function, and these mice had higher blood insulin levels at 20 weeks, decreased basal blood glucose levels, increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased blood levels of adiponectin compared with vehicle-treated mice. Similar to the aforementioned results, both waved 1 and waved 2 diabetic mice also had attenuated DN, preserved pancreas function, and decreased basal blood glucose levels. In this mouse model of accelerated DN, inhibition of EGFR signaling led to increased longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Li
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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12
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Latcha S, Jaimes EA, Gutgarts V, Seshan S. Case of Proteinuria, Worsening Hypertension, and Glomerular Endotheliosis With Erlotinib and Gefitinib. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:1477-1481. [PMID: 30450475 PMCID: PMC6224627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheron Latcha
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victoria Gutgarts
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Surya Seshan
- Division of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Xu Z, Zhao Y, Zhong P, Wang J, Weng Q, Qian Y, Han J, Zou C, Liang G. EGFR inhibition attenuates diabetic nephropathy through decreasing ROS and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32655-32667. [PMID: 28427241 PMCID: PMC5464817 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disease due to glomerular capillary damage in diabetic patients. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with DN progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates oxidative stress and damage of cardiomyocytes in diabetic mice. Here we demonstrated that AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR, blocked EGFR and AKT phosphorylation in diabetic mice. Oxidative stress and ER stress markers were eliminated after AG1478 administration. AG1478 decreased pro-fibrotic genes TGF-β and collagen IV. Furthermore, we found that high glucose (HG) induced oxidative stress and ER stress, and subsequently increased ATF4 and CHOP. These changes were eliminated by either AG1478 or ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration. These results were confirmed by knock-down approaches in renal mesangial SV40 cells. However, AG1478, not NAC, reversed HG induced EGFR and AKT phosphorylation. These results suggest that EGFR/AKT/ROS/ER stress signaling plays an essential role in DN development and inhibiting EGFR may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in diabetic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jibo Han
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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14
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Sjaarda J, Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Treleaven D, Walsh M, Mann JFE, Hess S, Paré G. Blood HER2 and Uromodulin as Causal Mediators of CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1326-1335. [PMID: 29511113 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biomarkers have been epidemiologically linked with CKD; however, the possibility that such associations are due to reverse causation or confounding limits the utility of these biomarkers. To overcome this limitation, we used a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to identify causal mediators of CKD. We performed MR by first identifying genetic determinants of 227 serum protein biomarkers assayed in 4147 participants of the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial who had early or prediabetes, and assessing the effects of these biomarkers on CKD in the CKD genetics consortium (n=117,165; 12,385 cases) using the inverse-variance weighted (fixed-effects) method. We then estimated the relationship between the serum concentration of each biomarker identified and incident CKD in ORIGIN participants. MR identified uromodulin (UMOD) and human EGF receptor 2 (HER2) as novel, causal mediators of CKD (UMOD: odds ratio [OR], 1.30 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25 to 1.35; P<5×10-20; HER2: OR, 1.30 per SD; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.48; P=8.0×10-5). Consistent with these findings, blood HER2 concentration associated with CKD events in ORIGIN participants (OR, 1.07 per SD; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.13; P=0.01). Additional exploratory MR analyses identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a regulator of HER2 levels (β=0.13 per SD; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.16; P=2.5×10-7). This finding was corroborated by an inverse relationship between ACE inhibitor use and HER2 levels. Thus, UMOD and HER2 are independent causal mediators of CKD in humans, and serum HER2 levels are regulated in part by ACE. These biomarkers are potential therapeutic targets for CKD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sjaarda
- Population Health Research Institute and.,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Medical Sciences
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute and.,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael Walsh
- Population Health Research Institute and.,Medicine.,Health Research Methods, Evaluation and Impact, and
| | - Johannes F E Mann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Hess
- Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research and Development Division, Translational Medicine and Early Development, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalyses, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute and .,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Schreier B, Hünerberg M, Mildenberger S, Rabe S, Bethmann D, Wickenhauser C, Gekle M. Deletion of the EGF receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells prevents chronic angiotensin II-induced arterial wall stiffening and media thickening. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29152859 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM In vivo vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) EGF receptor (EGFR) contributes to acute angiotensin II (AII) effects on vascular tone and blood pressure. The ubiquitously expressed EGFR has been implicated in vascular remodelling preceding end-organ damage by pharmacological inhibition, and AII signalling in cultured vascular cells is partly EGFR-dependent. However, the role of VSMC-EGFR in vivo during AII-induced pathophysiological processes is not known. METHODS This study assesses the in vivo relevance of VSMC-EGFR during chronic AII challenge without further stressors, using a mouse model with inducible, VSMC-specific EGFR knock out (VSMC-EGFR-KO). In these mice functional and structural vascular, renal and cardiac effects or biomarkers were investigated in vivo and ex vivo. RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cell-EGFR-KO prevented AII-induced media hypertrophy of mesenteric arteries, renal arterioles and the aorta, VSMC ERK1/2-phosphorylation as well as the impairment of vascular compliance. Furthermore, induction of vascular fibrosis, creatinineamia, renal interstitial fibrosis as well as the increase in fractional water excretion was prevented. AII-induced increase in systolic blood pressure was mitigated. By contrast, endothelial dysfunction, induction of vascular inflammatory marker mRNA and albuminuria were not inhibited. Cardiac and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were also not prevented by VSMC-EGFR-KO. CONCLUSION Vascular smooth muscle cell-EGFRs are relevant for pathological AII action in vivo. Our data show in vivo and ex vivo the necessity of VSMC-EGFR for AII-induced structural and functional vascular remodelling, not including endothelial dysfunction. Hereby, VSMC-EGFR gains importance for complete AII-induced renal end-organ damage succeeding vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - M. Hünerberg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - S. Rabe
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - D. Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - C. Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - M. Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
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16
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Sloan-Lancaster J, Raddad E, Deeg MA, Eli M, Flynt A, Tumlin J. Evaluation of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy After Single and Multiple Dosings of LY3016859 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:759-772. [PMID: 29385323 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two phase 1 studies (TGAA and TGAB) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of LY3016859 (LY), a monoclonal antibody that binds epiregulin and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), administered intravenously or subcutaneously. In TGAA, 56 healthy subjects received a single dose of LY (0.1-750 mg intravenously, 50 mg subcutaneously) or placebo. In TGAB part A, 15 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) received 2 doses of LY (10-750 mg intravenously) or placebo, and in TGAB part B, 45 patients with DN received 5 doses of LY (50-750 mg intravenously) or placebo. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, anti-LY antibodies, and change in proteinuria and albuminuria were evaluated. Single and multiple doses of LY administered 3 weeks apart were well tolerated. Pharmacokinetics were nonlinear in healthy subjects and patients with DN, indicating target-mediated drug disposition. Epiregulin level increased in both studies, and TGF-α levels increased in the TGAB study, consistent with target engagement; however, LY treatment did not significantly reduce proteinuria or albuminuria in patients with DN. There was no obvious effect of LY on the disease-related biomarkers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, synaptopodin, or transferrin. Although LY administration resulted in a high frequency of anti-LY antibodies, pharmacokinetics, target engagement, and efficacy were not impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyas Raddad
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Deeg
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle Eli
- Chorus, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amy Flynt
- PharPoint Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Fang Q, Zou C, Zhong P, Lin F, Li W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Wang Y, Li X, Liang G. EGFR mediates hyperlipidemia-induced renal injury via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress: the detrimental role and mechanism of EGFR activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24361-73. [PMID: 27014908 PMCID: PMC5029707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis as key factors in the development of obesity-induced kidney diseases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cancer development. Recently, the EGFR pathway has been increasingly implicated in chronic cardiovascular diseases via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is unclear if EGFR is involved in obesity-related kidney injury. Using ApoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice models and two specific EGFR inhibitors, we investigated the potential effects of EGFR inhibition in the treatment of obesity-related nephropathy and found that EGFR inhibition alleviates renal inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In NRK-52E cells, we also elucidated the mechanism behind hyperlipidemia-induced EGFR activation. We observed that c-Src and EGFR forms a complex, and following PA stimulation, it is the successive phosphorylation, not formation, of the c-Src/EGFR complex that results in the subsequent cascade activation. Second, we found that TLR4 regulates the activation EGFR pathway mainly through the phosphorylation of the c-Src/EGFR complex. These results demonstrate the detrimental role of EGFR in the pathogenesis of obesity-related nephropathy, provide a new understanding of the mechanism behind hyperlipidemia/FFA-induced EGFR activation, and support the use of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of obesity-induced kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Cannito S, Novo E, Parola M. Therapeutic pro-fibrogenic signaling pathways in fibroblasts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:57-84. [PMID: 28578015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts (MFs) play a critical role in the progression of chronic inflammatory and fibroproliferative diseases in different tissues/organs, whatever the etiology. Fibrosis is preceded and sustained by persistent injury and inflammatory response in a profibrogenic scenario involving mutual interactions, operated by several mediators and pathways, of MFs and related precursor cells with innate immunity cells and virtually any cell type in a defined tissue. These interactions, mediators and related signaling pathways are critical in initiating and perpetuating the differentiation of precursor cells into MFs that in different tissues share peculiar traits and phenotypic responses, including the ability to proliferate, produce ECM components, migrate and contribute to the modulation of inflammatory response and tissue angiogenesis. Literature studies related to liver, lung and kidney fibrosis have outlined a number of MF-related core regulatory fibrogenic signaling pathways conserved across these different organs and potentially targetable in order to develop effective antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
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19
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Heuer JG, Harlan SM, Yang DD, Jaqua DL, Boyles JS, Wilson JM, Heinz-Taheny KM, Sullivan JM, Wei T, Qian HR, Witcher DR, Breyer MD. Role of TGF-alpha in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F951-F962. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00443.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA) has been shown to play a role in experimental chronic kidney disease associated with nephron reduction, while its role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unknown. We show here that intrarenal TGFA mRNA expression, as well as urine and serum TGFA, are increased in human DKD. We used a TGFA neutralizing antibody to determine the role of TGFA in two models of renal disease, the remnant surgical reduction model and the uninephrectomized (uniNx) db/db DKD model. In addition, the contribution of TGFA to DKD progression was examined using an adeno-associated virus approach to increase circulating TGFA in experimental DKD. In vivo blockade of TGFA attenuated kidney disease progression in both nondiabetic 129S6 nephron reduction and Type 2 diabetic uniNx db/db models, whereas overexpression of TGFA in uniNx db/db model accelerated renal disease. Therapeutic activity of the TGFA antibody was enhanced with renin angiotensin system inhibition with further improvement in renal parameters. These findings suggest a pathologic contribution of TGFA in DKD and support the possibility that therapeutic administration of neutralizing antibodies could provide a novel treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef G. Heuer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shannon M. Harlan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derek D. Yang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dianna L. Jaqua
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey S. Boyles
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen M. Heinz-Taheny
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John M. Sullivan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tao Wei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hui-Rong Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derrick R. Witcher
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew D. Breyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Liu F, Zhuang S. Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060972. [PMID: 27331812 PMCID: PMC4926504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis can be induced in different renal diseases, but ultimately progresses to end stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiologic process of renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, it is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and/or tubular interstitial fibrosis, and is believed to be caused by the proliferation of renal inherent cells, including glomerular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, along with defective kidney repair, renal interstitial fibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate a variety of cell physiological processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation, and survival. Many studies from in vitro and animal models have provided evidence that RTKs play important roles in the pathogenic process of renal fibrosis. It is also showed that tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have anti-fibrotic effects in basic research and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the evidence for involvement of specific RTKs in renal fibrosis process and the employment of TKIs as a therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Akhtar S, Al-Zaid B, El-Hashim AZ, Chandrasekhar B, Attur S, Benter IF. Impact of PAMAM delivery systems on signal transduction pathways in vivo: Modulation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase signaling in the normal and diabetic kidney. Int J Pharm 2016; 514:353-363. [PMID: 27032566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo impact of two generation 6 cationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on cellular signaling via extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), as well as their relationship to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), were studied in the normal and/or diabetic rat kidney. A single 10mg/kg/i.p administration of Polyfect (PF; with an intact branching architecture) or Superfect (SF; with a fragmented branching architecture) modulated renal ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in a dendrimer-specific and animal model-dependent manner. AG1478 treatment (a selective EGFR inhibitor) confirmed that renal ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling was downstream of EGFR. Surprisingly, both PAMAMs induced hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK (at 1 or 5mg/kg) despite inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation in the diabetic kidney. PAMAMs did not alter renal morphology but their effects on p38 MAPK and EGFR phosphorylation were reversed by ex vivo treatment of kidneys with the anti-oxidant, Tempol. Thus, PAMAMs can intrinsically modulate signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) depending on the type of dendrimer (fragmented vs intact branching architecture) and animal model (normal vs diabetic) used and likely occurs via an EGFR-independent and oxidative-stress dependent mechanism. These findings might have important toxicological implications for PAMAM-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Bashayer Al-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Z El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Bindu Chandrasekhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Sreeja Attur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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Soni HM, Patel PP, Patel S, Rath AC, Acharya A, Trivedi HD, Jain MR. Effects of combination of aliskiren and pentoxyfylline on renal function in the rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:80-5. [PMID: 25821316 PMCID: PMC4375824 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.150351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to investigate the nephroprotective effect of combination of aliskiren (ASK), a direct renin inhibitor and pentoxifylline (PTX), inhibitor of tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in rat remnant kidney model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: Nephrectomized (NPX) rats were treated with ASK (10 mg/kg, p.o.), PTX (100 mg/kg, p.o.), and combination of PTX + ASK once daily for 28 days. We have performed analysis of various renal injury parameters after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: Treatment with PTX, ASK and combination showed significant improvement in urea, creatinine and total protein in plasma when compared with vehicle treated group in NPX rats. ASK and combination of PTX + ASK elicited significant reduction in blood pressure but PTX alone did not produce blood pressure reduction. ASK treatment showed significant elevation in TNF-alpha, whereas PTX and ASK + PTX showed significant reduction in TNF-alpha in plasma. Histopathologically, the extent of the kidney injury was similar in NPX + vehicle and NPX + ASK-treated rats. PTX and ASK + PTX-treated group showed lesser extent of kidney injury. There was good correlation of mRNA expression levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and bradykinin B1 receptor data with histopathological findings in kidney samples and elevated TNF-alpha levels in plasma. Conclusions: We conclude that combination of PTX + ASK may be better therapeutic intervention for nephroprotection in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh M Soni
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Praful P Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Research Centre, Village-Bhat, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Savan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy and Research, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshyaya C Rath
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Aviseka Acharya
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Harshkant D Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy and Research, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, India
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Wang L, Liu N, Xiong C, Xu L, Shi Y, Qiu A, Zang X, Mao H, Zhuang S. Inhibition of EGF Receptor Blocks the Development and Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2631-44. [PMID: 26677863 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of EGF receptor (EGFR) have antifibrotic effects in several organs, but the effect of these inhibitors on the development of peritoneal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we explored the therapeutic effect of gefitinib, a specific inhibitor of EGFR, on the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Daily intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate induced peritoneal fibrosis, indicated by thickening of the submesothelial area with an accumulation of collagen fibrils and activation of myofibroblasts, accompanied by time-dependent phosphorylation of EGFR. Administration of gefitinib immediately after injury prevented the onset of peritoneal fibrosis and delayed administration after the onset of peritoneal fibrosis halted fibrosis progression. Gefitinib treatment abrogated the increased phosphorylation of EGFR, Smad3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and NF-κB during peritoneal fibrosis; it also inhibited the accompanying overproduction of TGF-β1 and proinflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of macrophages to the injured peritoneum. Moreover, gefitinib significantly reduced the peritoneal increase of CD31-positive blood vessels and vascular EGF-positive cells after injury. Finally, gefitinib also attenuated high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats and abrogated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells. These results demonstrate that EGFR contributes to peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, suggesting that EGFR inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in attenuating peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Providence, China; and
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Forrester SJ, Kawai T, O'Brien S, Thomas W, Harris RC, Eguchi S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:627-53. [PMID: 26566153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-070115-095427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation impacts the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, and inhibition of EGFR activity is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diseases including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, renal fibrosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The capacity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, such as angiotensin II (AngII), to promote EGFR signaling is called transactivation and is well described, yet delineating the molecular processes and functional relevance of this crosstalk has been challenging. Moreover, these critical findings are dispersed among many different fields. The aim of our review is to highlight recent advancements in defining the signaling cascades and downstream consequences of EGFR transactivation in the cardiovascular renal system. We also focus on studies that link EGFR transactivation to animal models of the disease, and we discuss potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Walter Thomas
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
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Yang Q, Zhou Y, Li FY, Mao H, Shrestha A, Ma WJ, Cheng NS, Zhang W. Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor on proliferative cholangitis in hepatolithiasis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:509-15. [PMID: 26459727 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no effective medication to prevent stone recurrence after choledochoscopic lithotomy or to treat proliferative cholangitis (PC), which is the pathologic basis of hepatolithiasis. This study aimed to investigate whether gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, inhibited cholangio hyperplasia and lithogenesis in PC. METHODS After cholangioscopic lithotomy, indwelling catheters were placed in the diseased bile duct lumens in 94 patients with hepatolithiasis. Subsequently, 49 of the 94 patients were treated with 250 mg gefitinib solution via a catheter twice a week, and they were subjected to choledochoscopic biopsy at 6 and 12 weeks. The rest 45 hepatolithiasis patients without gefitinib treatment served as controls. RESULTS The expressions of EGFR, PCNA and procollagen I were significantly reduced in the patients treated with gefitinib in 12 weeks compared with those in the control group. Patients in the gefitinib group had a much lower degree of hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium, submucosal glands and collagen fibers compared with those in the control group. Gefitinib treatment significantly decreased mucin 3 expression and beta-glucuronidase activity. CONCLUSION Postoperative gefitinib treatment could significantly inhibit PC-mediated hyperplasia and lithogenesis, which might provide a novel strategy for the prevention of biliary restenosis and stone recurrence in patients with hepatolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Akhtar S, Al-Zaid B, El-Hashim AZ, Chandrasekhar B, Attur S, Yousif MHM, Benter IF. Cationic Polyamidoamine Dendrimers as Modulators of EGFR Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132215. [PMID: 26167903 PMCID: PMC4500564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are branch-like spherical polymers being investigated for a variety of applications in nanomedicine including nucleic acid drug delivery. Emerging evidence suggests they exhibit intrinsic biological and toxicological effects but little is known of their interactions with signal transduction pathways. We previously showed that the activated (fragmented) generation (G) 6 PAMAM dendrimer, Superfect (SF), stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase signaling-an important signaling cascade that regulates cell growth, survival and apoptosis- in cultured human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. Here, we firstly studied the in vitro effects of Polyfect (PF), a non-activated (intact) G6 PAMAM dendrimer, on EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling via extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cultured HEK 293 cells and then compared the in vivo effects of a single administration (10mg/kg i.p) of PF or SF on EGFR signaling in the kidneys of normal and diabetic male Wistar rats. Polyfect exhibited a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of EGFR, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in HEK-293 cells similar to AG1478, a selective EGFR inhibitor. Administration of dendrimers to non-diabetic or diabetic animals for 24h showed that PF inhibited whereas SF stimulated EGFR phosphorylation in the kidneys of both sets of animals. PF-mediated inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation as well as SF or PF-mediated apoptosis in HEK 293 cells could be significantly reversed by co-treatment with antioxidants such as tempol implying that both these effects involved an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism. These results show for the first time that SF and PF PAMAM dendrimers can differentially modulate the important EGFR signal transduction pathway in vivo and may represent a novel class of EGFR modulators. These findings could have important clinical implications for the use of PAMAM dendrimers in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Bashayer Al-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Z. El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Bindu Chandrasekhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sreeja Attur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mariam H. M. Yousif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ibrahim F. Benter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
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Arabpour M, Poelstra K, Helfrich W, Bremer E, Haisma HJ. Targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells by an anti-epidermal growth factor-receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL). J Gene Med 2015; 16:281-90. [PMID: 25088657 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that may result in liver failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells are known to play a central role in this process and their elimination is a crucial step towards the resolution and reversion of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the potential application of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL) fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells. METHODS Activated hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) were treated by adenovirus-derived scFv425-sTRAIL to evaluate its effect on the viability and extracellular matrix production of this type of cells. RESULTS In vitro treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells with scFv425-sTRAIL induced a significant reduction in viability (up to 100% reduction) and extracellular matrix production (60% reduction), yet no significant effect was observed on hepatic parenchymal cells. Blockage of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the effectiveness of scFv425-sTRAIL in activated hepatic stellate cells, whereas a reduced effectivity was also observed after inhibition of the caspase pathway. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is presented for the successful application of the scFv425-sTRAIL fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells via EGFR and simultaneous activation of the caspase pathway. scFv425-sTRAIL may thus represent a new therapeutic compound against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arabpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Leong XF, Ng CY, Jaarin K. Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research: Hypertension and Atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:528757. [PMID: 26064920 PMCID: PMC4433641 DOI: 10.1155/2015/528757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are among the most common causes of mortality in both developed and developing countries. Experimental animal models of hypertension and atherosclerosis have become a valuable tool for providing information on etiology, pathophysiology, and complications of the disease and on the efficacy and mechanism of action of various drugs and compounds used in treatment. An animal model has been developed to study hypertension and atherosclerosis for several reasons. Compared to human models, an animal model is easily manageable, as compounding effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled. Blood vessels and cardiac tissue samples can be taken for detailed experimental and biomolecular examination. Choice of animal model is often determined by the research aim, as well as financial and technical factors. A thorough understanding of the animal models used and complete analysis must be validated so that the data can be extrapolated to humans. In conclusion, animal models for hypertension and atherosclerosis are invaluable in improving our understanding of cardiovascular disease and developing new pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu N, Wang L, Yang T, Xiong C, Xu L, Shi Y, Bao W, Chin YE, Cheng SB, Yan H, Qiu A, Zhuang S. EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2716-29. [PMID: 25788532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CKD and contributes to kidney fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition on the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the mechanisms involved. In a rat model of HN induced by feeding a mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased EGFR phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, accompanied by renal dysfunction and increased urine microalbumin excretion. Administration of gefitinib, a highly selective EGFR inhibitor, prevented renal dysfunction, reduced urine microalbumin, and inhibited activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and expression of extracellular proteins. Gefitinib treatment also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced activation of the TGF-β1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines in the kidney. Furthermore, gefitinib treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase activity, which mediates uric acid production, and preserved expression of organic anion transporters 1 and 3, which promotes uric acid excretion in the kidney of hyperuricemic rats. Thus, blocking EGFR can attenuate development of HN via suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and inflammation and promotion of the molecular processes that reduce uric acid accumulation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | | | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology and Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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Epidermal growth factor inhibition, a novel pathway to prevent chronic allograft injury. Transplantation 2014; 98:821-7. [PMID: 25073034 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic allograft injury remains a major problem in clinical kidney transplantation and different growth factors participate in its development. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) affects cell proliferation and mitogenesis through its tyrosine kinase receptor. Erlotinib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in clinical oncology to inhibit EGF signaling. We investigated its effect on the development of chronic allograft injury in an experimental kidney transplantation model. METHODS Kidney transplantations were performed between Dark Agouti and Wistar Furth rats. Recipients were immunosuppressed either with cyclosporine A (CsA, 1.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) or with CsA and erlotinib (10 mg/kg/day orally). Kidney grafts were harvested after 5 and 90 days for histology and immunohistochemistry. Aorta denudation model was used for the erlotinib dose response study to define the optimal dose for the transplantation study. RESULTS Epidermal growth factor expression was increased in CsA-treated allografts which developed intense chronic changes on day 90. Erlotinib ameliorated neointimal formation in the dose response study. In addition, erlotinib decreased chronic rejection changes and maintained better graft function in kidney transplantation model. Late posttransplant EGF and EGF receptor levels were reduced with erlotinib. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, EGF mediates in part the development of chronic allograft injury. Its inhibition with erlotinib prevents chronic rejection and maintains better allograft function. Therefore, EGF blocking by erlotinib provides a novel pathway to prevent chronic allograft injury.
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Abstract
Signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in regulation of multiple biological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and survival. Owing to its aberrant expression in a variety of malignant tumors, EGFR has been recognized as a target in anticancer therapy. Increasingly, evidence from animal studies indicates that EGFR signaling is also implicated in the development and progression of renal fibrosis. The therapeutic value of EGFR inhibition has not yet been evaluated in human kidney disease. In this article, we summarize recent research into the role of EGFR signaling in renal fibrogenesis, discuss the mechanism by which EGFR regulates this process, and consider the potential of EGFR as an antifibrotic target.
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Kok HM, Falke LL, Goldschmeding R, Nguyen TQ. Targeting CTGF, EGF and PDGF pathways to prevent progression of kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014; 10:700-11. [PMID: 25311535 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health and economic burden with a rising incidence. During progression of CKD, the sustained release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and growth factors leads to an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and angiotensin II are considered to be the two main driving forces in fibrotic development. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has become the mainstay therapy for preservation of kidney function, but this treatment is not sufficient to prevent progression of fibrosis and CKD. Several factors that induce fibrosis have been identified, not only by TGF-β-dependent mechanisms, but also by TGF-β-independent mechanisms. Among these factors are the (partially) TGF-β-independent profibrotic pathways involving connective tissue growth factor, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor and their receptors. In this Review, we discuss the specific roles of these pathways, their interactions and preclinical evidence supporting their qualification as additional targets for novel antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Kok
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with a wide implication in tumor biology, wound healing and development. Besides acting as a growth factor receptor activated by ligands such as EGF, the EGFR can also be transactivated and thereby mediate cross-talk with different signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to illustrate the Janus-faced function of the EGFR in the vasculature with its relevance for vascular biology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Over recent years, the number of identified signaling partners of the EGFR has steadily increased, as have the biological processes in which the EGFR is thought to be involved. Recently, new models have allowed investigation of EGFR effects in vivo, shedding some light on the overall function of the EGFR in the vasculature. At the same time, EGFR inhibitors and antibodies have become increasingly established in cancer therapy, providing potential therapeutic tools for decreasing EGFR signaling. SUMMARY The EGFR is a versatile signaling pathway integrator associated with vascular homeostasis and disease. In addition to modulating basal vascular tone and tissue homeostasis, the EGFR also seems to be involved in proinflammatory, proliferative, migratory and remodeling processes, with enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix components, thereby promoting vascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
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Chung EJ, Hudak K, Horton JA, White A, Scroggins BT, Vaswani S, Citrin D. Transforming growth factor alpha is a critical mediator of radiation lung injury. Radiat Res 2014; 182:350-62. [PMID: 25117621 DOI: 10.1667/rr13625.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiation fibrosis of the lung is a late toxicity of thoracic irradiation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling has previously been implicated in radiation lung injury. We hypothesized that TGF-α, an EGF receptor ligand, plays a key role in radiation-induced fibrosis in lung. Mice deficient in transforming growth factor (TGF-α(-/-)) and control C57Bl/6J (C57-WT) mice were exposed to thoracic irradiation in 5 daily fractions of 6 Gy. Cohorts of mice were followed for survival (n ≥ 5 per group) and tissue collection (n = 3 per strain and time point). Collagen accumulation in irradiated lungs was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining and analysis of hydroxyproline content. Cytokine levels in lung tissue were assessed with ELISA. The effects of TGF-α on pneumocyte and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production were analyzed in vitro. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression and activity were measured in vitro and in vivo. Irradiated C57-WT mice had a median survival of 24.4 weeks compared to 48.2 weeks for irradiated TGF-α(-/-) mice (P = 0.001). At 20 weeks after irradiation, hydroxyproline content was markedly increased in C57-WT mice exposed to radiation compared to TGF-α(-/-) mice exposed to radiation or unirradiated C57-WT mice (63.0, 30.5 and 37.6 μg/lung, respectively, P = 0.01). C57-WT mice exposed to radiation had dense foci of subpleural fibrosis at 20 weeks after exposure, whereas the lungs of irradiated TGF-α (-/-) mice were largely devoid of fibrotic foci. Lung tissue concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF at multiple time points after irradiation were similar in C57-WT and TGF-α(-/-) mice. TGF-α in lung tissue of C57-WT mice rose rapidly after irradiation and remained elevated through 20 weeks. TGF-α(-/-) mice had lower basal LOX expression than C57-WT mice. Both LOX expression and LOX activity were increased after irradiation in all mice but to a lesser degree in TGF-α(-/-) mice. Treatment of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with TGF-α resulted in increases in proliferation, collagen production and LOX activity. These studies identify TGF-α as a critical mediator of radiation-induced lung injury and a novel therapeutic target in this setting. Further, these data implicate TGF-α as a mediator of collagen maturation through a TGF-β independent activation of lysyl oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Balakumar P, Jagadeesh G. A century old renin-angiotensin system still grows with endless possibilities: AT1 receptor signaling cascades in cardiovascular physiopathology. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2147-60. [PMID: 25007996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ang II, the primary effector pleiotropic hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) cascade, mediates physiological control of blood pressure and electrolyte balance through its action on vascular tone, aldosterone secretion, renal sodium absorption, water intake, sympathetic activity and vasopressin release. It affects the function of most of the organs far beyond blood pressure control including heart, blood vessels, kidney and brain, thus, causing both beneficial and deleterious effects. However, the protective axis of the RAS composed of ACE2, Ang (1-7), alamandine, and Mas and MargD receptors might oppose some harmful effects of Ang II and might promote beneficial cardiovascular effects. Newly identified RAS family peptides, Ang A and angioprotectin, further extend the complexities in understanding the cardiovascular physiopathology of RAS. Most of the diverse actions of Ang II are mediated by AT1 receptors, which couple to classical Gq/11 protein and activate multiple downstream signals, including PKC, ERK1/2, Raf, tyrosine kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, PDGF, insulin receptor), nuclear factor κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Receptor activation via G12/13 stimulates Rho-kinase, which causes vascular contraction and hypertrophy. The AT1 receptor activation also stimulates G protein-independent signaling pathways such as β-arrestin-mediated MAPK activation and Src-JAK/STAT. AT1 receptor-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase releases ROS, resulting in the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors and stimulation of small G proteins such as Ras, Rac and RhoA. The components of the RAS and the major Ang II-induced signaling cascades of AT1 receptors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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Zhang MZ, Wang Y, Paueksakon P, Harris RC. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition slows progression of diabetic nephropathy in association with a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress and an increase in autophagy. Diabetes 2014; 63:2063-72. [PMID: 24705402 PMCID: PMC4030104 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies by us and others have reported renal epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are activated in models of diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we examined the effect of treatment with erlotinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in a type 1 diabetic mouse model. Inhibition of renal EGFR activation by erlotinib was confirmed by decreased phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2. Increased albumin/creatinine ratio in diabetic mice was markedly attenuated by erlotinib treatment. Erlotinib-treated animals had less histological glomerular injury as well as decreased renal expression of connective tissue growth factor and collagens I and IV. Autophagy plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, and impaired autophagy may lead to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent tissue injury. In diabetic mice, erlotinib-treated mice had evidence of increased renal autophagy, as indicated by altered expression and activity of ATG12, beclin, p62, and LC3A II, hallmarks of autophagy, and had decreased ER stress, as indicated by decreased expression of C/EBP homologous protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a key factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy and an inhibitor of autophagy, is inhibited by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Erlotinib-treated mice had activated AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR pathway, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of raptor and mTOR and the downstream targets S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4B. Erlotinib also led to AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Ulk1, an initiator of mammalian autophagy. These studies demonstrate that inhibition of EGFR with erlotinib attenuates the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, which is mediated at least in part by inhibition of mTOR and activation of AMPK, with increased autophagy and inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yinqui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Paisit Paueksakon
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TNDepartment of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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Ding WY, Li WB, Ti Y, Bi XP, Sun H, Wang ZH, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhong M. Protection from renal fibrosis, putative role of TRIB3 gene silencing. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 96:80-4. [PMID: 24368111 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is thought to be the common pathway in most cases of chronic kidney disease. Recently, TRIB3 was found to play an important role in progression of cardiac fibrosis in an insulin-resistant state. We investigated whether TRIB3 might participate in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in insulin-resistant rats. METHODS We randomly separated 40 male Sprague-Dawley into 4 groups for treatment (n = 10 each): control and high-fat diet (HFD) with TRIB3 siRNA adenovirus transfection, vehicle transfection or HFD alone. Insulin resistance markers were measured. Renal tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff. RESULTS Rats with HFD showed insulin resistance and TRIB3 overexpression. Upregulated TRIB3 expression could induce renal fibrosis accompanied by increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Also, TRIB3 siRNA knockdown could ameliorate renal fibrosis, which was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of ERK. CONCLUSIONS TRIB3 gene silencing can attenuate renal fibrosis for beneficial effect on the development of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-yuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Wen-bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Yun Ti
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiu-ping Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhi-hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, PR China.
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Meinel S, Ruhs S, Schumann K, Strätz N, Trenkmann K, Schreier B, Grosse I, Keilwagen J, Gekle M, Grossmann C. Mineralocorticoid receptor interaction with SP1 generates a new response element for pathophysiologically relevant gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8045-60. [PMID: 23821666 PMCID: PMC3783164 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a ligand-induced transcription factor belonging to the steroid receptor family and involved in water-electrolyte homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, inflammation and fibrosis in the renocardiovascular system. The MR shares a common hormone-response-element with the glucocorticoid receptor but nevertheless elicits MR-specific effects including enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression via unknown mechanisms. The EGFR is a receptor tyrosine kinase that leads to activation of MAP kinases, but that can also function as a signal transducer for other signaling pathways. In the present study, we mechanistically investigate the interaction between a newly discovered MR- but not glucocorticoid receptor- responsive-element (=MRE1) of the EGFR promoter, specificity protein 1 (SP1) and MR to gain general insights into MR-specificity. Biological relevance of the interaction for EGFR expression and consequently for different signaling pathways in general is demonstrated in human, rat and murine vascular smooth muscle cells and cells of EGFR knockout mice. A genome-wide promoter search for identical binding regions followed by quantitative PCR validation suggests that the identified MR-SP1-MRE1 interaction might be applicable to other genes. Overall, a novel principle of MR-specific gene expression is explored that applies to the pathophysiologically relevant expression of the EGFR and potentially also to other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meinel
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany, Institut für Informatik, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany and Abteilung Molekulare Genetik, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Tang J, Liu N, Tolbert E, Ponnusamy M, Ma L, Gong R, Bayliss G, Yan H, Zhuang S. Sustained activation of EGFR triggers renal fibrogenesis after acute kidney injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:160-72. [PMID: 23684791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently accompanied by maladaptive repair and renal fibrogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate these acute and chronic consequences of AKI remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in these processes using waved-2 (Wa-2) mice, which have reduced EGFR activity, and their wild-type (WT) littermates after renal ischemia. Renal EGFR phosphorylation was induced within 2 days after ischemia, increased over time, and remained elevated at 28 days in WT mice, but this was diminished in Wa-2 mice. At the early stage of postischemia (2 days), Wa-2 mice developed more severe acute renal tubular damage with less reparative responses as indicated by enhanced tubular cell apoptosis, and reduced dedifferentiation and proliferation as compared to WT animals. At the late stage of postischemia (28 days), Wa-2 mice exhibited a less severe renal interstitial fibrosis as shown by reduced activation/proliferation of renal myofibroblasts and decreased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. EGFR activation also contributed to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, a cellular event associated with production of profibrogenetic factors, in the injured kidney. Collectively, these results indicate that severe AKI results in sustained activation of EGFR, which is required for reparative response of renal tubular cells initially, but eventually leads to fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ulu N, Mulder GM, Vavrinec P, Landheer SW, Duman-Dalkilic B, Gurdal H, Goris M, Duin M, van Dokkum RPE, Buikema H, van Goor H, Henning RH. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor PKI-166 Governs Cardiovascular Protection without Beneficial Effects on the Kidney in Hypertensive 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:393-403. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.203497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Its activation results in beneficial or detrimental consequences, depending on the particular setting. Earlier studies in the animal model of acute kidney injury showed that EGFR activation promotes renal tubular cell proliferation. Activation of EGFR by its exogenous ligands, like EGF, can enhance recovery of renal function and structure following acute kidney injury. However, recent studies indicated that EGFR activation also contributes to development and progression of renal diseases in animal models of obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis through mechanisms involved in activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts, induction of tubular atrophy, overproduction of inflammatory factors, and/or promotion of glomerular and vascular injury. This review highlights the actions and mechanisms of EGFR in a variety of acute and chronic kidney injuries.
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Flamant M, Bollee G, Henique C, Tharaux PL. Epidermal growth factor: a new therapeutic target in glomerular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
In the past decade, research has advanced our understanding how endothelin contributes to proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies now provide evidence that proteinuric diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy as well as hypertension nephropathy are sensitive to treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). Like blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, ERA treatment-under certain conditions-may even cause disease regression, effects that could be achieved on top of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, suggesting independent therapeutic mechanisms by which ERAs convey nephroprotection. Beneficial effects of ERAs on podocyte function, which is essential to maintain the glomerular filtration barrier, have been identified as one of the key mechanisms by which inhibition of the endothelin ETA receptor ameliorates renal structure and function. In this article, we will review pre-clinical studies demonstrating a causal role for endothelin in proteinuric chronic kidney disease (with a particular focus on functional and structural integrity of podocytes in vitro and in vivo). We will also review the evidence suggesting a therapeutic benefit of ERA treatment on the functional integrity of podocytes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- INSERM and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Centre, Paris, France
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Samarakoon R, Overstreet JM, Higgins SP, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1 → SMAD/p53/USF2 → PAI-1 transcriptional axis in ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:117-28. [PMID: 21638209 PMCID: PMC3188682 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease constitutes an increasing medical burden affecting 26 million people in the United States alone. Diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, and urological obstruction contribute to renal fibrosis, a common pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Regardless of etiology, elevated TGF-β1 levels are causatively linked to the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways initiated by angiotensin, glucose, and oxidative stress. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a useful and accessible model to identify mechanisms underlying the progression of renal fibrosis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major effector and downstream target of TGF-β1 in the progression of several clinically important fibrotic disorders, is highly up-regulated in UUO and causatively linked to disease severity. SMAD and non-SMAD pathways (pp60(c-src), epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53) are required for PAI-1 induction by TGF-β1. SMAD2/3, pp60(c-src), EGFR, and p53 activation are each increased in the obstructed kidney. This review summarizes the molecular basis and translational significance of TGF-β1-stimulated PAI-1 expression in the progression of kidney disease induced by ureteral obstruction. Mechanisms discussed here appear to be operative in other renal fibrotic disorders and are relevant to the global issue of tissue fibrosis, regardless of organ site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samarakoon
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Jessica M. Overstreet
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
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Chen J, Chen JK, Nagai K, Plieth D, Tan M, Lee TC, Threadgill DW, Neilson EG, Harris RC. EGFR signaling promotes TGFβ-dependent renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 23:215-24. [PMID: 22095949 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011070645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes renal fibrosis remain incompletely understood. Ang II both stimulates TGFβ signaling and activates the EGF receptor (EGFR), but the relative contribution of these pathways to renal fibrogenesis is unknown. Using a murine model with EGFR-deficient proximal tubules, we demonstrate that upstream activation of EGFR-dependent ERK signaling is critical for mediating sustained TGFβ expression in renal fibrosis. Persistent activation of the Ang II receptor stimulated ROS-dependent phosphorylation of Src, leading to sustained EGFR-dependent signaling for TGFβ expression. Either genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR significantly decreased TGFβ-mediated fibrogenesis. We conclude that TGFβ-mediated tissue fibrosis relies on a persistent feed-forward mechanism of EGFR/ERK activation through an unexpected signaling pathway, highlighting EGFR as a potential therapeutic target for modulating tissue fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Mulder GM, Melenhorst WBWH, Celie JWAM, Kloosterhuis NJ, Hillebrands JL, Ploeg RJ, Seelen MA, Visser L, van Dijk MCRF, van Goor H. ADAM17 up-regulation in renal transplant dysfunction and non-transplant-related renal fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:2114-22. [PMID: 22015440 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) is an important cause of renal function loss and ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered to play an important role in its pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) in human renal allograft disease and in experimental I/R injury of the kidney. METHODS We studied the expression of ADAM17 messenger RNA (mRNA) in IF/TA and control kidneys by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Moreover, we assessed ADAM17-mediated heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) shedding in immortalized human cells. Finally, we studied the effect of pharmacological ADAM17 inhibition in a model of renal I/R injury in rats. RESULTS ADAM17 mRNA was up-regulated in IF/TA when compared to control kidneys. In normal kidneys, ADAM17 mRNA was weakly expressed in proximal tubules, peritubular capillaries, glomerular endothelium and parietal epithelium. In IF/TA, tubular, capillary and glomerular ADAM17 expression was strongly enhanced with de novo expression in the mesangium. In interstitial fibrotic lesions, we observed co-localization of ADAM17 with HB-EGF protein. In vitro, inhibition of ADAM17 with TNF484 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of HB-EGF shedding in phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate-stimulated cells and non-stimulated cells. In vivo, ADAM17 inhibition significantly reduced the number of glomerular and interstitial macrophages at Day 4 of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HB-EGF co-expresses with ADAM17 in renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting a potential interaction in IF/TA. Targeting ADAM17 to reduce epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation could be a promising way of intervention in human renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Mulder
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chen SC, Guh JY, Lin TD, Chiou SJ, Hwang CC, Ko YM, Chuang LY. Gefitinib attenuates transforming growth factor-β1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitogenesis in NRK-49F cells. Transl Res 2011; 158:214-24. [PMID: 21925118 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are important in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, a result of renal fibroblast activation. The EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib attenuates glomerular fibrosis in hypertensive rats whereas dominant-negative EGFR attenuates interstitial fibrosis in mouse with acute renal ischemia. Thus, we studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of gefitinib in TGF-β1-induced mitogenesis and collagen production in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells. We found that TGF-β1 increased cell mitogenesis. TGF-β1 also time-dependently increased cyclin D1 protein expression. TGF-β1 rapidly transactivated EGFR. SB431542 (a type I TGF-βR kinase inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor) attenuated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 protein. SB431542 and gefitinib attenuated TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase. SB431542 and gefitinib also attenuated TGF-β1-induced cyclin D1 protein expression. Moreover, SB431542, gefitinib, PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), and SB203580 attenuated TGF-β1-induced cell mitogenesis. Finally, SB431542 and gefitinib attenuated TGF-β1-induced collagen production. We concluded that gefitinib attenuates TGF-β1-induced cell mitogenesis via the EGFR-ERK1/2/p38 kinase pathway in NRK-49F cells. Moreover, gefitinib attenuates TGF-β1-induced cyclin D1 protein expression and collagen production. Thus, gefitinib attenuates TGF-β1-induced mitogenesis and collagen production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Cher Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Dussaule JC, Guerrot D, Huby AC, Chadjichristos C, Shweke N, Boffa JJ, Chatziantoniou C. The role of cell plasticity in progression and reversal of renal fibrosis. Int J Exp Pathol 2011; 92:151-7. [PMID: 21314743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for novel insights into the mechanisms of progression of renal disease has become urgent during the last several years because of the increasing incidence of chronic renal disease worldwide. Independent of the underlying disease, the subsequent progression of renal fibrosis is characterized mainly by both an exaggerated synthesis and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins produced by mesenchymal cells within the kidney. These cells are mainly myofibroblasts deriving from a variety of renal cells such as vascular smooth muscle, mesangial, resident stem, tubular epithelial, vascular endothelial cells or pericytes. The appearance of myofibroblasts is a reversible process, as suggested by studies in experimental models showing regression of renal fibrosis during therapy with antagonists and/or blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. An additional factor that can also affect the mechanisms of progression/regression of fibrosis is the plasticity of podocytes controlling glomerular filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Dussaule
- Inserm UMR 702, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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50
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Merszei J, Wu J, Torres L, Hicks JM, Bartkowiak T, Tan F, Lou YH. Osteopontin overproduction is associated with progression of glomerular fibrosis in a rat model of anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol 2010; 32:262-271. [PMID: 20714131 PMCID: PMC2980521 DOI: 10.1159/000319238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular fibrosis is the common end result of glomerulonephritis (GN) regardless of etiology. In our rat model for anti-glomerular basement membrane GN, severe fibrosis follows glomerular inflammation. We investigated the association between expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and progression of glomerular fibrosis. METHODS Expression of ECM genes in glomeruli was determined at RNA and protein levels. Immunofluorescence was applied to identify cell sources for the molecules. RESULTS DNA microarray for ECM genes, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot revealed significant upregulation of osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional molecule, in the glomeruli only after onset of glomerular fibrosis. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that the expressed OPN was in three major isoforms. Immunofluorescence showed that fibrotic tissues in glomeruli accumulated massive deposits of extracellular OPN. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that a novel population of multinucleated α-smooth muscle actin(+)CD90(-) myofibroblast-like cells, which surrounded fibrotic tissue, was the main source of OPN during progression of fibrosis. Since senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was detected in those cells both in vitro and in vivo, these cells probably were terminally differentiated senescent myofibroblasts. CONCLUSION OPN has been implicated in fibrosis in several organs. Our results suggest potential roles of OPN and its main source, the senescent myofibroblasts, in glomerular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Merszei
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Tex., USA
| | - Jean Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Tex., USA
| | - Lisa Torres
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Tex., USA
| | - John M. Hicks
- Texas Children's Hospital, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex., USA
| | - Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Tex., USA
| | - Filemon Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex., USA
| | - Ya-Huan Lou
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences DB, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Tex., USA
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