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Zheng Y, Li H, Bao Q, Tu Y, Ye Y, Jia W, Cao D. Brown Adipose Tissue Promotes Autologous Fat Grafts Retention Possibly Through Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1817-1824. [PMID: 38409345 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plastic surgery, autologous fat grafts (AFG) play an important role because of their abundant supply, biocompatibility, and low rejection rate. However, the lower retention rate of fat grafts limits their widespread use. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can promote angiogenesis and regulate the level of associated inflammation. This study explored whether BAT has a facilitative effect on fat graft retention. METHODS We obtained white adipose tissue (WAT) from c57 mice and combined it with either BAT from c57 mice or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control. These mixtures were injected subcutaneously into the back of thymus-free nude mice. After 12 weeks, fat grafts were harvested, weighed, and analyzed. RESULTS We found that the BAT-grafted group had higher mass retention, more mature adipocytes, and higher vascularity than the other group. Further analysis revealed that BAT inhibited M1 macrophages; down-regulated IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-β; upregulated M2 macrophages and Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA); and promoted adipocyte regeneration by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which together promoted adipose graft retention. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that BAT improved adipose graft retention by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting tissue inflammation levels and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Bao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yiqian Tu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, FuRong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Chaurasiya V, Nidhina Haridas PA, Olkkonen VM. Adipocyte-endothelial cell interplay in adipose tissue physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116081. [PMID: 38408682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion through hyperplasia or hypertrophy requires vascular remodeling that involves angiogenesis. There is quite some evidence that obese white AT (WAT) displays altered vasculature. Some studies suggest that this is associated with hypoxia, which is thought to play a role in inducing inflammatory activation of the excessively expanding WAT. Increasing evidence, based on genetic manipulations or treatments with inhibitory or activator pharmaceuticals, demonstrates that AT angiogenesis is crucial for AT metabolic function, and thereby for whole body metabolism and metabolic health. Despite some contradiction between studies, disturbance of WAT angiogenesis in obesity could be an important factor driving WAT dysfunction and the comorbidities of obesity. Endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to healthy WAT metabolism via transport of fatty acids and other plasma components, secretory signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). This communication is crucial for adipocyte metabolism and underscores the key role that the AT endothelium plays in systemic energy homeostasis and healthy metabolism. Adipocytes communicate towards the neighboring endothelium through several mechanisms. The pro-inflammatory status of hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity is reflected in ECs activation, which promotes chronic inflammation. On the other hand, adiponectin secreted by the adipocytes is important for healthy endothelial function, and adipocytes also secrete other pro- or anti-angiogenic effector molecules and a wealth of EVs - however, their detailed roles in signaling towards the endothelium are yet poorly understood. To conclude, targeting AT angiogenesis and promoting the healthy communication between adipocytes and ECs represent potentially promising strategies to treat obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chaurasiya
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Gentile AM, Lhamyani S, Mengual-Mesa M, García-Fuentes E, Bermúdez-Silva FJ, Rojo-Martínez G, Clemente-Postigo M, Rodriguez-Cañete A, Olveira G, El Bekay R. MiR-221-3p/222-3p Cluster Expression in Human Adipose Tissue Is Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17449. [PMID: 38139277 PMCID: PMC10744326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is intricately linked with adipose tissue (AT) angiogenesis. Despite an established network of microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating AT function, the specific role of angiogenic miRNAs remains less understood. The miR-221/222 cluster has recently emerged as being associated with antiangiogenic activity. However, no studies have explored its role in human AT amidst the concurrent development of obesity and T2D. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between the miR-221-3p/222-3p cluster in human AT and its regulatory network with obesity and T2D. MiR-221-3p/222-3p and their target gene (TG) expression levels were quantified through qPCR in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) AT from patients (n = 33) categorized based on BMI as normoweight (NW) and obese (OB) and by glycemic status as normoglycemic (NG) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. In silico analyses of miR-221-3p/222-3p and their TGs were conducted to identify pertinent signaling pathways. The results of a multivariate analysis, considering the simultaneous expression of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p as dependent variables, revealed statistically significant distinctions when accounting for variables such as tissue depot, obesity, sex, and T2D as independent factors. Furthermore, both miRNAs and their TGs exhibited differential expression patterns based on obesity severity, glycemic status, sex, and type of AT depot. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-221-3p/222-3p cluster TGs predominantly participate in angiogenesis, WNT signaling, and apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, these findings underscore a promising avenue for future research, emphasizing the miR-221-3p/222-3p cluster and its associated regulatory networks as potential targets for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Mariel Gentile
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mengual-Mesa
- Andalucía Tech, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Systems and Automation Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Málaga, Teatinos Campus, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Bermúdez-Silva
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA)-Bionand Platform, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Gabriel Olveira
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29580 Málaga, Spain; (A.-M.G.); (S.L.); (E.G.-F.); (F.-J.B.-S.); (G.R.-M.); (G.O.)
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Karanfil AS, Louis F, Matsusaki M. Biofabrication of vascularized adipose tissues and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1539-1558. [PMID: 36789675 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in adipose tissue engineering and cell biology have led to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine for adipose tissue reconstruction. To date, the many in vitro and in vivo models developed for vascularized adipose tissue engineering cover a wide range of research areas, including studies with cells of various origins and types, polymeric scaffolds of natural and synthetic derivation, models presented using decellularized tissues, and scaffold-free approaches. In this review, studies on adipose tissue types with different functions, characteristics and body locations have been summarized with 3D in vitro fabrication approaches. The reason for the particular focus on vascularized adipose tissue models is that current liposuction and fat transplantation methods are unsuitable for adipose tissue reconstruction as the lack of blood vessels results in inadequate nutrient and oxygen delivery, leading to necrosis in situ. In the first part of this paper, current studies and applications of white and brown adipose tissues are presented according to the polymeric materials used, focusing on the studies which could show vasculature in vitro and after in vivo implantation, and then the research on adipose tissue fabrication and applications are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan.
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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Lin CH, Tsai CH, Yang IC, Ma H. Frozen Fat Grafts Maintain Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Mediate Angiogenesis During Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Enrichment for Soft Tissue Augmentation. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 88:S4-S12. [PMID: 35102020 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh fat grafts are commonly used in both esthetic and reconstructive surgeries, but the graft resorption rate varies. Cryopreservation of unused fat for later touch-up is one option to resolve this variation. In our previous studies, we found that fat cryopreservation may be a practical strategy for storing fat tissue. To explore the cryopreservation method, we evaluated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human frozen fat grafts. METHODS The concentration of VEGF in human frozen fat grafts subjected to different preservation times was determined using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The angiogenic effect of frozen fat grafts was evaluated using a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, the impact of adding human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) or different concentrations of avastin (bevacizumab) to frozen fat grafts on angiogenesis was assessed. The viability of frozen fat grafts with or without hADSCs was evaluated using a nude mouse implantation study. Explanted fat tissues were examined on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 90, and morphological and histological analyses, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (VEGF concentration) were carried out. RESULTS No significant difference in VEGF concentration between fresh and frozen fat was observed with respect to preservation duration. In the chorioallantoic membrane assay, frozen fat grafts with hADSCs displayed significantly enhanced angiogenesis. Avastin was found to decrease angiogenesis in frozen fat grafts. However, in the nude mouse implantation study, frozen fat grafts displayed VEGF maintenance, with the highest concentration observed on day 7. Adding hADSCs to the graft further increased the VEGF concentration and CD31 expression. Fat graft viability was found to be higher in the frozen fat grafts containing hADSCs than in grafts without hADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Human fat grafts can maintain VEGF expression under frozen conditions for at least 12 months. The addition of hADSCs to the frozen fat graft could further enhance angiogenesis, VEGF expression, and fat cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Han Tsai
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - I-Chen Yang
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
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Vercalsteren E, Vranckx C, Vermeire I, Gooijen M, Lijnen R, Scroyen I. Serum amyloid A3 deficiency impairs in vitro and in vivo adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte 2021; 10:242-250. [PMID: 33896367 PMCID: PMC8078753 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1916220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, caused by an excess adipose tissue, is one of the biggest health-threats of the 21st century. Adipose tissue expansion occurs through two processes: (i) hypertrophy, and (ii) hyperplasia, the formation of new adipocytes, also termed adipogenesis. Recently, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) has been implicated in adipogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saa3 on adipogenesis using both an in vitro and in vivo murine model. Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes ha a lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers and less lipid accumulation, indicating impaired adipogenesis. Furthermore, male NUDE mice, injected with Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes developed smaller fat pads with smaller adipocytes and lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers than their control counterparts. This confirms that Saa3 gene silencing indeed impairs adipogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate a clear role for Saa3 in adipogenesis and open new perspectives in the battle against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vercalsteren
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vranckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Vermeire
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Gooijen
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Scroyen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
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Ribatti D, Annese T, Tamma R. Adipocytes, mast cells and angiogenesis. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1051-1056. [PMID: 34171054 PMCID: PMC8343648 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue contains a wide variety of innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Numerous signaling molecules in the adipose microenvironment can positively or negatively modulate angiogenic processes, regulate the interaction between the vascular system and adipocytes, and participate in tumor progression. Mast cells are involved in the new formation or metabolism of fat, are present in abundant quantities in fatty tissue, among fat cells, and a number of mediators released from mast cells play a role in adipogenesis. Moreover, mast cells produce several pro-angiogenic factors and are involved in tumor angiogenesis. In this context, the angiogenic effect might be amplified when the adipocytes and mast cells act in concert, and treatment of adipose tissue- and mast cell-associated cancers with anti-angiogenic drugs may represent an alternative or adjuvant strategy for the treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy;
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Hong P, Xu X, Hu X, Yang H, Wu Y, Chen J, Li K, Tang Z. Therapeutic potential of small extracellular vesicles derived from lipoma tissue in adipose tissue regeneration-an in vitro and in vivo study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:222. [PMID: 33789709 PMCID: PMC8011093 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the adipogenic effects of the small extracellular vesicles derived from the lipoma tissues (sEV-LT), and to find a new cell-free therapeutic approach for adipose tissue regeneration. METHODS Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and small extracellular vesicles derived from the adipose tissues (sEV-AT) were isolated from human adipose tissue, while sEV-LT were isolated from human lipomatous tissue. ADSCs were characterized by using flow cytometric analysis and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. sEV was identified by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blotting. ADSCs were treated with sEV-LT and sEV-AT, respectively. Fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to investigate whether sEV-LT and sEV-AT could be taken by ADSCs. The proliferation and migration abilities and adipogenic differentiation assay of ADSCs were evaluated by CCK-8 assays, scratch test, and oil red O staining test, and the expression levels of adipogenic-related genes C/EBP-δ, PPARγ2, and Adiponectin in ADSCs were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). The sEV-LT and sEV-AT transplantation tubes were implanted subcutaneously in SD rats, and the neotissues were qualitatively and histologically evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after transplantation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was subsequently used to observe and compare the adipogenesis and angiogenesis in neotissues, while immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression and the distribution of C/EBP-α, PPARγ, Adiponectin, and CD31 at the 4th week. RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed that both sEV-LT and sEV-AT could be taken up by ADSCs via endocytosis. The scratch experiment and CCK-8 experiment showed that the migration area and proliferation number of ADSCs in sEV-LT group and sEV-AT group were significantly higher than those in the non-sEV group (p < 0.05). Compared with sEV-AT group, sEV-LT group had larger migration area and proliferation number of ADSCs (p < 0.05). Oil red O staining and RT-PCR experiments showed that, compared with the non-sEVs group, the lipid droplets and the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes PPARγ2 and Adiponectin of ADSCs in sEV-LT group and sEV-AT group were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05); however, there was no statistical significance in the expression level of C/EBP-δ (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference in the amount of lipid droplets and adipogenesis-related genes between the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT was seen (p > 0.05). At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the adipocyte area and the number of capillaries in neotissues in the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups were significantly increased compared with the Matrigel group (p < 0.05); however, there was no dramatic difference between sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups (p > 0.05). At the 4th week, neotissues in the sEV-LT groups and sEV-AT groups all showed upregulated expression of C/EBP-α, PPARγ, Adiponectin, and CD31 protein, while neotissues in the Matrigel group only showed positive expression of CD31 protein. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that sEV-LT exerted promotion effects on adipose tissue regeneration by accelerating the proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro and recruiting adipocytes and promoting angiogenesis in vivo. The sEV-LT could serve as an alternative cell-free therapeutic strategy for generating adipose tissue, thus providing a promising application prospect in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shin SS, Yoon M. Regulation of Obesity by Antiangiogenic Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194549. [PMID: 33020443 PMCID: PMC7582783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of an energy imbalance caused by an increased ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure. In conjunction with obesity, related metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, have become global health problems. Obesity progression is thought to be associated with angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Angiogenesis occurs in growing adult adipose tissues, which are similar to neoplastic tissues. Adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and each adipocyte is nourished by an extensive capillary network. Adipocytes produce proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and fibroblast growth factor 2, which promote neovascularization within the adipose tissue. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in adipose tissue development and microvessel maturation by modifying the ECM. Thus, modulation of angiogenesis and MMP activity provides a promising therapeutic approach for controlling human obesity and its related disorders. Over the past decade, there has been a great increase in the use of alternative treatments, such as herbal remedies, for these diseases. This review will focus on the role of angiogenesis in adipose tissue growth and the regulation of obesity by antiangiogenic herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8242-829-7581; Fax: 8242-829-7580
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11
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Physical, Biochemical, and Biologic Properties of Fat Graft Processed via Different Methods. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e3010. [PMID: 32983771 PMCID: PMC7489744 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of autologous fat for correction of soft-tissue defects in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures has grown in popularity. Graft processing is implicated as one of the variable factors affecting quality, viability, and subsequent graft survival. This study analyzed the in vitro physical and biologic characteristics of lipoaspirate processed using different techniques. Methods Fresh lipoaspirates from patients with informed consent were processed by 4 methods: decantation, centrifugation, the REVOLVE System, and PureGraft. Processed fat grafts were analyzed for yield, composition, tissue particle size and morphology, and viability and function of adipocytes and stem cells. Fat tissue harvested from waste containers of REVOLVE and PureGraft and trapped on REVOLVE paddles was also evaluated. Results Grafts produced by the filtration systems contained the highest percentage of fat tissue, whereas those from decantation contained the lowest percentage, although they have the highest volume yield. In addition, grafts from REVOLVE and PureGraft showed more large-sized particles (>1000 μm) than those from decantation or centrifugation. REVOLVE also preserved significantly higher populations of viable and functional adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells when compared with other processing methods. Tissue particles in waste containers of REVOLVE and PureGraft were mostly (>85%) <300 μm and demonstrated a minimal number of viable adipocytes and stem cells. Fat tissues trapped on REVOLVE paddles contained a higher percentage of noninjectable and fibrous collagen bundles. Conclusion Different processing methods result in fat grafts with varying physical and biologic properties, which may contribute to fat graft viability and retention in vivo.
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12
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Siddik MAB, Das BC, Weiss L, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. A MetAP2 inhibitor blocks adipogenesis, yet improves glucose uptake in cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:240-253. [PMID: 31264515 PMCID: PMC6768232 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1636627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion involves angiogenesis to remodel its capillary network. The enzymemethionine aminopeptidase 2(MetAP2) promotes angiogenesis.MetAP2 inhibitors suppress angiogenesis and have potential anti-obesity effect. However, impairment in adipose tissue expansion is also linked with impaired glycemic control.This study investigated the effect of BL6, a MetAP2 inhibitor, on adipogenesis and glucose disposal.To test effect on angiogenesis, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVECs) were treated with BL6 for 24h to determine tube formation. Further, to test effect on adipogenesis and glucose disposal,3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were treated with BL6(0 µM, 20µM, 50 µM or 100µM) during differentiation. Differentiated cells were stained with Oil Red O for determining lipid accumulation, and glucose uptake assay. Protein levels and RNA expression for key genes involved in the adipogenic cascade were determined.BL6 treatment of HUVECs dose dependently blocked angiogenesis. During differentiation of pre-adipocytes, 50μM and 100µM BL6 significantly reduced lipid accumulation. Treatment with 100µM BL6 significantly decreased expression of adipogenic genes. Interestingly, BL6 treatment dose dependently increased glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells.MetAP2 inhibitor blocks angiogenesis, attenuates adipogenesis, yet increases cellular glucose uptake. Collectively this proof of concept study supports a possible role for MetAP2 inhibitor BL6, as a putative anti-obesity therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar C. Das
- The Icahn School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louis Weiss
- Department of Pathology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vijay Hegde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Sigaroodi F, Shafaei H, Karimipour M, Dolatkhah MA, Delazar A. Aloe Vera/Collagen Mixture Induces Integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 Genes Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:662-667. [PMID: 31857972 PMCID: PMC6912176 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Natural biomaterials are a key base in tissue engineering, and collagen, as the main content of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is frequently used in tissue engineering. Aloe vera has some therapeutic effects on ulcers, therefore, the use of this natural resource has always been considered for improving collagen function. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera/ Collagen blended on cell viability, cell attachment, and angiogenic potential by determining of integrin α1β1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) genes expression in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Methods: In this study, hASCs after harvesting of adipose tissues from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolation, were cultured in four groups of control, collagen gel, Aloe vera gel, and Aloe vera/collagen blended in vitro environment at 24h and then cell viability was assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. Integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 genes expression were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Results: The results of MTT showed that the combination of Aloe vera/collagen was retained the cell viability at the normal range and improved it. In real-time RT-PCR results, integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 gene expression were increased in the Aloe vera/collagen blended group compared to the control group. Conclusion: For tissue engineering purposes, Aloe vera improves collagen properties in the culture of hASCs by increasing the expression of the integrin α1β1 and PECAM-1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Sigaroodi
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dolatkhah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) are not only a barrier between the circulation and peripheral tissues, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and platelet function. Dysregulation of ECs contributes to pathological conditions such as vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cancer. The close anatomic relationship between vascular endothelium and highly vascularized metabolic organs/tissues suggests that the crosstalk between ECs and these organs is vital for both vascular and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous reports support that hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic stresses result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. However, how ECs may regulate metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that the vascular endothelium plays an unexpected role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and that endothelial dysregulation directly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of ECs in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In particular, we introduce the concept that the endothelium adjusts its barrier function to control the transendothelial transport of fatty acids, lipoproteins, LPLs (lipoprotein lipases), glucose, and insulin. In addition, we summarize reports that ECs communicate with metabolic cells through EC-secreted factors and we discuss how endothelial dysregulation contributes directly to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defects, and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Pi
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
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15
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Hill NE, Roscoe D, Stacey MJ, Chew S. Cheiroarthropathy and tendinopathy in diabetes. Diabet Med 2019; 36:939-947. [PMID: 30920669 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Joint problems commonly occur in people with diabetes. Cheiroarthropathy affects the hands and results in painless limited finger joint extension, appearing to be associated with longer diabetes duration and the presence of microvascular complications. The prevalence of cheiroarthropathy seems to be falling, perhaps as a result of improvements in glycaemic management. Non-enzymatic glycation of collagen results in abnormally crosslinked protein resistant to degradation with subsequent increased build-up of collagen in joints. The management of cheiroarthropathy is predominantly conservative, with occupational and hand therapy at the forefront. Tendinopathy is more common in people with diabetes than those without, and is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. As with cheiroarthropathy, the exact causative mechanism of tendinopathy in diabetes is not known, but may be linked to inflammation, apoptosis and increased vascularity of affected tendons, driven by hyperinsulinaemia. Local fat pads have also been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Hill
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
| | - D Roscoe
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Loughborough
- University of Loughborough, Loughborough
| | - M J Stacey
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
- Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, UK
| | - S Chew
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
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16
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Cabrejo R, Sawh-Martinez R, Steinbacher DM. Effect of Fat Grafting on Postoperative Edema After Orthognathic Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:698-702. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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17
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Farber SE, Minteer D, Gusenoff BR, Gusenoff JA. The Influence of Fat Grafting on Skin Quality in Cosmetic Foot Grafting: A Randomized, Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39:405-412. [PMID: 30007274 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedal fat grafting is a cosmetic procedure to treat the functional and aesthetic sequelae of pedal fat pad atrophy. Fat grafting has been found to mitigate these symptoms, but the exact mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that pedal fat grafting may improve skin quality, accounting for prolonged symptomatic improvement despite loss of grafted fat. METHODS Patients with pedal atrophy were enrolled in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Group 1 underwent fat grafting upon enrollment with 2-year follow-up. Group 2 was managed conservatively for 1 year then placed into the fat grafting group with 1-year follow-up. Patients underwent pedal ultrasounds to determine thicknesses of the fat pad and dermis, and photographs were taken to assess skin quality. RESULTS Three men and 20 women with an average age of 63 ± 6 years and an average BMI of 26.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six feet were injected in Group 1 and 17 were injected in Group 2. Group 1 dermal thickness increased at 6 months post-injection (P < 0.05). This increase persisted through 24 months. Group 2 dermal thickness decreased prior to injection (P < 0.05) but returned to baseline after injection and through 12-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Fat pad thickness returned to baseline by study completion in both groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pedal fat grafting yielded a significant, sustained increase in dermal thickness, though grafted fat was not retained. Fat grafting may improve skin quality, which could contribute to improved clinical outcomes despite loss of grafted fat. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Farber
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Danielle Minteer
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beth R Gusenoff
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey A Gusenoff
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Obesity and gastrointestinal cancer: the interrelationship of adipose and tumour microenvironments. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:699-714. [PMID: 30323319 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing recognition of an association between obesity and many cancer types exists, but how the myriad of local and systemic effects of obesity affect key cellular and non-cellular processes within the tumour microenvironment (TME) relevant to carcinogenesis, tumour progression and response to therapies remains poorly understood. The TME is a complex cellular environment in which the tumour exists along with blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, signalling molecules and the extracellular matrix. Obesity, in particular visceral obesity, might fuel the dysregulation of key pathways relevant to both the adipose microenvironment and the TME, which interact to promote carcinogenesis in at-risk epithelium. The tumour-promoting effects of obesity can occur at the local level as well as systemically via circulating inflammatory, growth factor and metabolic mediators associated with adipose tissue inflammation, as well as paracrine and autocrine effects. This Review explores key pathways linking visceral obesity and gastrointestinal cancer, including inflammation, hypoxia, altered stromal and immune cell function, energy metabolism and angiogenesis.
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19
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Cheng S, Cui Y, Fan L, Mu X, Hua Y. T2DM inhibition of endothelial miR-342-3p facilitates angiogenic dysfunction via repression of FGF11 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:71-78. [PMID: 29852165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the function and molecular relevance of distinct miRNAs in endothelial cells (ECs) paves avenues for possible therapeutic intervention by targeting epigenetic mechanisms in vascular endothelial dysfunction, one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MiR-342-3p, an obesity-associated miRNA, has recently been shown to be significantly upregulated in human angiosarcoma compared to benign hemangioma, indicating its potential involvement as a proangiogenic factor. Herein, we show that endothelial miR-342-3p expression was significantly compromised in T2DM organisms and this inhibition powerfully blocked vasculogenesis in vivo by repressing endothelial proliferation and migration. From a mechanistic standpoint, miR-342-3p promoted the transactivation of fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) by directly targeting its 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Functionally, overexpression of exogenous FGF11 successfully rescued miR-342-3p deficiency-impaired endothelial proliferation and migration. Thus, perturbation of miR-342-3p/FGF11 cascade by hyperinsulinemia plays a causative role in the induction of vascular dysfunction in T2DM. Overall, the current study underscore an endothelial facet of miR-342-3p, which may operate as a novel epigenetic integrator linking adipogenic homeostasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3(rd)People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Huangdao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266500, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3(rd)People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuzhong Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3(rd)People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266041, Shandong Province, China.
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20
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Cao Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Han X, Zeng W. Three-dimensional volume fluorescence-imaging of vascular plasticity in adipose tissues. Mol Metab 2018; 14:71-81. [PMID: 29914852 PMCID: PMC6034070 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The vascular system is central to sustaining tissue survival and homeostasis. Blood vessels are densely present in adipose tissues and exert essential roles in their metabolism. However, conventional immunohistochemistry methods have intrinsic limitations in examining the 3D vascular network in adipose tissues as well as other organs in general. Methods We established a 3D volume fluorescence-imaging technique to visualize the vasculatures in mouse adipose tissues by combining the optimized steps of whole-mount immunolabeling, tissue optical clearing, and lightsheet volume fluorescence-imaging. To demonstrate the strength of this novel imaging procedure, we comprehensively assessed the intra-adipose vasculatures under obese conditions or in response to a cold challenge. Results We show the entirety of the vascular network in mouse adipose tissues on the whole-tissue level at a single-capillary resolution for the first time in the field. We accurately quantify the pathological changes of vasculatures in adipose tissues in wild-type or obese mice (ob/ob, db/db, or diet-induced obesity). In addition, we identify significant and reversible changes of the intra-adipose vasculatures in the mice subjected to cold challenge (i.e., 4°). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cold-induced vascular plasticity depends on the sympathetic-derived catecholamine signal and is involved in the beiging process of white adipose tissues. Conclusions We report a 3D volume fluorescence-imaging procedure that is compatible with many areas of vascular research and is poised to serve the field in future investigations of the vascular system in adipose tissues or other research scenarios. 3D vascular network in adipose tissues is visualized at single-capillary resolution. Pathological remodeling of vasculatures is characterized under the obese conditions. Vascular plasticity during cold challenge is involved in the beiging process of WAT. Sympathetic-derived catecholamine signal regulates the vascular plasticity in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangli Han
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, 100084, China.
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21
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Schoettl T, Fischer IP, Ussar S. Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514879 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.162958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schoettl
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid P Fischer
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Autologous Fat Transfer for Facial Augmentation and Regeneration: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018; 26:25-32. [PMID: 29362068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Lemoine AY, Ledoux S, Larger E. Adipose tissue angiogenesis in obesity. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:661-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
summaryAdipose tissue is the most plastic tissue in all multicellular organisms, being constantly remodelled along with weight gain and weight loss. Expansion of adipose tissue must be accompanied by that of its vascularisation, through processes of angiogenesis, whereas weight loss is associated with the regression of blood vessels. Adipose tissue is thus among the tissues that have the highest angiogenic capacities. These changes of the vascular bed occur through close interactions of adipocytes with blood vessels, and involve several angiogenic factors. This review presents studies that are the basis of our understanding of the regulation of adipose tissue angiogenesis. The growth factors that are involved in the processes of angiogenesis and vascular regression are discussed with a focus on their potential modulation for the treatment of obesity. The hypothesis that inflammation of adipose tissue and insulin resistance could be related to altered angiogenesis in adipose tissue is presented, as well as the beneficial or deleterious effect of inhibition of adipose tissue angiogenesis on metabolic diseases.
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Scroyen I, Hemmeryckx B, Lijnen HR. From mice to men – mouse models in obesity research: What can we learn? Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:634-40. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-11-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
summaryObesity has become a world-wide epidemic and is associated with diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Understanding the adipose tissue developmental process, involving adipogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling, is therefore crucial to reveal the pathobiology of obesity. Experimental mouse models are extensively used to gain new insights into these processes and to evaluate the role of new key players, in particular proteolytic system components, in adipose tissue development and obesity. In this paper, we will review available in vitro and in vivo murine models of obesity and discuss their value in understanding the mechanisms contributing to obesity.
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25
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Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Induces Cell Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation, and Cell Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5946527. [PMID: 29270200 PMCID: PMC5705873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5946527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising therapeutic alternative for tissue repair in various clinical applications. However, restrictive cell survival, differential tissue integration, and undirected cell differentiation after transplantation in a hostile microenvironment are complications that require refinement. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) from platelet-rich plasma favors human and canine ASC survival, proliferation, and delaying human ASC senescence and autophagocytosis in comparison with serum-containing cultures. In addition, canine and human-derived ASCs efficiently differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in the presence of PRGF. PRGF treatment induces phosphorylation of AKT preventing ASC death induced by lethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Indeed, AKT inhibition abolished the PRGF apoptosis prevention in ASC exposed to 100 μM of hydrogen peroxide. Here, we show that canine ASCs respond to PRGF stimulus similarly to the human cells regarding cell survival and differentiation postulating the use of dogs as a suitable translational model. Overall, PRGF would be employed as a serum substitute for mesenchymal stem cell amplification to improve cell differentiation and as a preconditioning agent to prevent oxidative cell death.
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Jiang Y, Liu P, Jiao W, Meng J, Feng J. Gax suppresses chemerin/CMKLR1‐induced preadipocyte biofunctions through the inhibition of Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:572-586. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Jiang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wenlin Jiao
- College of PharmacyShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Jinbo Feng
- Central LaboratoryThe Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Dai M, Yu M, Zhang Y, Tian W. Exosome-Like Vesicles Derived from Adipose Tissue Provide Biochemical Cues for Adipose Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1221-1230. [PMID: 28457190 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an emerging need for soft tissue replacements in the field of reconstructive surgery for the treatment of congenital deformities, posttraumatic repair, and cancer rehabilitation. Previous studies have shown that the bioactive adipose tissue extract can induce adipogenesis without additional stem cells or growth factors. In this study, we innovatively investigated whether exosome-like vesicles derived from adipose tissue (ELV-AT) could direct stem cell differentiation and trigger adipose tissue regeneration. In vitro, ELV-AT can induce adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells and promote proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of the aorta endothelial cells. In vivo, ELV-AT were transplanted to a chamber on the back of nude mice and neoadipose tissues were formed. Our findings indicated that ELV-AT could be used as a cell-free therapeutic approach for adipose tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Dai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,2 National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China .,3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Henriksson I, Gatenholm P, Hägg DA. Increased lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression of adipocytes in 3D bioprinted nanocellulose scaffolds. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015022. [PMID: 28140346 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5c1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Compared to standard 2D culture systems, new methods for 3D cell culture of adipocytes could provide more physiologically accurate data and a deeper understanding of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. By resuspending living cells in a bioink of nanocellulose and hyaluronic acid, we were able to print 3D scaffolds with uniform cell distribution. After one week in culture, cell viability was 95%, and after two weeks the cells displayed a more mature phenotype with larger lipid droplets than standard 2D cultured cells. Unlike cells in 2D culture, the 3D bioprinted cells did not detach upon lipid accumulation. After two weeks, the gene expression of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and FABP4 was increased 2.0- and 2.2-fold, respectively, for cells in 3D bioprinted constructs compared with 2D cultured cells. Our 3D bioprinted culture system produces better adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and a more mature cell phenotype than conventional 2D culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Henriksson
- 3D Bioprinting Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. Cellink, 470 Ramona Street, Palo Alto 94391, CA, United States of America
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ which is responsible for postprandial uptake of glucose and fatty acids, consequently producing a broad range of adipokines controlling several physiological functions like appetite, insulin sensitivity and secretion, immunity, coagulation, and vascular tone, among others. Many aspects of adipose tissue pathophysiology in metabolic diseases have been described in the last years. Recent data suggest two main factors for adipose tissue dysfunction: accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids and their secondary products and hypoxia. Both of these factors are thought to be on the basis of low-grade inflammatory activation, further increasing metabolic dysregulation in adipose tissue. In turn, inflammation is involved in the inhibition of substrate uptake, alteration of the secretory profile, stimulation of angiogenesis, and recruitment of further inflammatory cells, which creates an inflammatory feedback in the tissue and is responsible for long-term establishment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Autologous fat transfer to the subcutaneous tissue in the context of breast reconstructive procedures. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:323-328. [PMID: 27881936 PMCID: PMC5110620 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.62835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is an appropriate technique for aesthetic rejuvenation of the face, aesthetic enhancement of hands, correction of the facial appearance in various disorders and constitutes a surgical alternative of treatment of numerous breast deformities ranging from distorting posttraumatic scars, post-eczema lesions, post-burn deformities to partial or total breast reconstruction. Our work is aimed to familiarize dermatologists with the technique of harvesting and implanting the aspirate of adipose cells in patients consulted for deformities of the breast. In addition, the review summarizes the most common applications of AFT in the breast reconstructive procedures. In summary, AFT is an oncologically safe, relatively complication-free, minimally invasive surgical technique, which can be used to correct a wide range of deformities, which are commonly seen by dermatologists, in the area of the face, trunk and extremities. The procedure can correct a wide range of breast deformities, from contour or single quadrant deformities up to the state after mastectomy.
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Li J, Hu WC, Song H, Lin JN, Tang X. Increased Vitreous Chemerin Levels Are Associated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmologica 2016; 236:61-6. [PMID: 27548269 DOI: 10.1159/000447752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate chemerin in the vitreous bodies of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and determine the correlation between the levels of vitreous chemerin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS This study included 17 patients suffering from PDR and vitreous hemorrhage (VH) (group A), 21 patients with PDR and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) (group B) and 25 patients with idiopathic macular holes or preretinal membranes (control group). All vitreous samples were obtained through pars plana vitrectomy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the levels of vitreous chemerin and VEGF. RESULTS Vitreous concentrations of chemerin were significantly higher in PDR patients with VH and TRD than those in the controls [4.82 ng/ml (3.91-6.13) vs. 5.03 ng/ml (4.01-6.15) vs. 2.53 ng/ml (1.53-5.66), p = 0.025]. The ratio of vitreous chemerin to plasma chemerin concentration significantly differed between groups A and B and the control group [4.93% (4.69-5.34) vs. 4.98% (4.63-5.19) vs. 2.58% (1.78-4.58), p < 0.001]. Western blot results indicated that the levels of vitreous chemerin protein in PDR patients significantly increased compared with those in the controls. Spearman correlation analysis further showed that vitreous chemerin levels in patients with PDR were positively correlated with vitreous VEGF levels (r = -0.542, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased vitreous chemerin levels are associated with the development of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin, PR China
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Zhang S, Lu Q, Cao T, Toh WS. Adipose Tissue and Extracellular Matrix Development by Injectable Decellularized Adipose Matrix Loaded with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:1171-1180. [PMID: 27018672 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant need for soft-tissue replacements in the field of reconstructive surgery. Decellularized adipose tissues were heparin crosslinked and loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This injectable system was evaluated for its adipogenic and angiogenic capabilities for in vivo adipose tissue regeneration. METHODS Decellularized adipose tissues were harvested from the inguinal fat pads of C57BL/6J mice, minced, and heparinized before being loaded with bFGF. Decellularized adipose tissues without bFGF served as a control. In vivo adipose neotissue formation, neovascularization, and volume stability were evaluated over a period of 12 weeks. After 6 or 12 weeks, mice were killed and the newly formed adipose tissues, together with the contralateral endogenous adipose tissues, were harvested for gross, volumetric, histologic, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Decellularized adipose tissues that were heparinized and loaded with bFGF induced significant de novo adipose neotissue formation, with progressive tissue growth and neovascularization from 6 to 12 weeks. The adipose neotissues exhibited mature adipose morphology and extracellular matrix that closely resembled that of the endogenous adipose tissue. In contrast, decellularized adipose tissues without bFGF induced limited adipose neotissue formation and were completely resorbed by the end of 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the high efficiency of heparinized decellularized adipose tissue matrix loaded with bFGF in promoting adipose neotissue formation and neovascularization with long-term volume stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipin Zhang
- Singapore.,From the Faculty of Dentistry and the Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Qiqi Lu
- Singapore.,From the Faculty of Dentistry and the Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Singapore.,From the Faculty of Dentistry and the Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Singapore.,From the Faculty of Dentistry and the Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
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35
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Bauters D, Scroyen I, Deprez-Poulain R, Lijnen HR. ADAMTS5 promotes murine adipogenesis and visceral adipose tissue expansion. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:694-704. [PMID: 27383908 DOI: 10.1160/th16-01-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced expression of the aggrecanase ADAMTS5 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs; member 5) has been observed in adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents. Here, we have investigated the role of ADAMTS5 in adipogenesis, AT expansion and associated angiogenesis. In vitro differentiation of precursor cells into mature adipocytes was studied using murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild-type (Adamts5(+/+)) and ADAMTS5 deficient (Adamts5(-/-)) mice, or 3T3-F442A preadipocytes with stable gene silencing of Adamts5. De novo adipogenesis was monitored by injection of 3T3-F442A cells with or without Adamts5 knockdown in Nude mice. Furthermore, Adamts5(+/+)and Adamts5(-/-) mice were kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) to monitor AT development. Adamts5(-/-) MEF, as well as 3T3-F442A preadipocytes with Adamts5 knockdown, showed significantly reduced differentiation as compared to control cells. In mice, de novo formed fat pads arising from 3T3-F442A cells with Adamts5 knockdown were significantly smaller as compared to controls. After 15 or 25 weeks on HFD, total body weight and subcutaneous AT weight were similar for Adamts5(+/+) and Adamts5(-/-) mice, but visceral/gonadal fat mass was significantly lower for Adamts5(-/-) mice. These data were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the blood vessel density in adipose tissue was higher for Adamts5(-/-) mice kept on HFD. In conclusion, our data support the concept that ADAMTS5 promotes adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as well as development of visceral AT and associated angiogenesis in mice kept on HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H Roger Lijnen
- H. R. Lijnen, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, CDG, Herestraat 49, Box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Tel.: +32 16 372053, Fax: +32 16 345990, E-mail:
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Mercado AT, Yeh JM, Chin TY, Chen WS, Chen-Yang YW, Chen CY. The effect of chemically modified electrospun silica nanofiber on the mRNA and miRNA expression profile of neural stem cell differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2730-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustus T. Mercado
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
| | - Ting Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
| | - Wen Shuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
| | - Yui Whei Chen-Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yung Chen
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chung-Li 32023 Taiwan
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Paul NE, Lösel R, Hemmrich K, Goy D, Pallua N, Klee D. L-arginine and arginine ethyl ester enhance proliferation of endothelial cells and preadipocytes - how an arginine ethyl ester-releasing biomaterial could support endothelial cell growth in tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2016; 25:289-97. [PMID: 26407115 DOI: 10.3233/bme-151275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering is a promising solution for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. An insufficient neovascularisation within the scaffolds that leads to necrosis and tissue loss is still a major shortcoming of current tissue engineering attempts. Biomaterials, which release angiogenic factors such as L-arginine, could overcome this challenge by supporting the neovascularisation of the constructs. L-arginine is insoluble in organic solvents and thus cannot be incorporated into commonly used polymers in contrast to its ethyl ester. Here, we compared the effects of arginine and its ethyl ester on endothelial cells and preadipocytes, and generated an arginine ethyl ester-releasing, angiogenic polymer. We cultivated adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and preadipocytes in arginine-free medium supplemented with L-arginine or L-arginine ethyl ester and assayed the proliferation rate and the degree of adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Additionally, we prepared arginine ethyl ester-releasing poly(D,L-lactide) foils, and investigated their impact on endothelial cell proliferation. We could demonstrate that arginine ethyl ester like arginine significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells and preadipocytes without inhibiting an induced adipogenic conversion of the preadipocytes. Further, we could show that the arginine ethyl ester-releasing polymer significantly increased endothelial cell growth. The present data are helpful guidance for generating angiogenic biomaterials that promote endothelial cell growth, and thereby could support neovascularisation within tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Paul
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Lösel
- Department of Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hemmrich
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Goy
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Pallua
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Klee
- Department of Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Liu L, Li Q, Xiao X, Wu C, Gao R, Peng C, Li D, Zhang W, Du T, Wang Y, Yang S, Zhen Q, Ge Q. miR-1934, downregulated in obesity, protects against low-grade inflammation in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 428:109-17. [PMID: 27013351 PMCID: PMC5511692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that miR-1934 was specially regulated by adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, in adipose tissue (AT) in vivo. Herein we investigated the role of miR1934 in the regulation of inflammatory response. Compared with chow-diet fed mice, miR1934 expression was down-regulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. miR1934 expression was down-regulated as well in omental AT of obese subjects in comparison with lean subjects. The circulating miR-1934 was also lower in obese subjects and its levels were correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The down-regulation of miR1934 in obesity was mimicked by TNF-α treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, overexpression of miR1934 suppressed the TNF-α-induced gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. De novo formed AT in nude mice transplanted with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes overexpressing miR1934 displayed a reduction in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and an enhancement in IL-10 gene expression when compared with transplant with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes overexpressing miR1934 scrambled control sequence. These results suggest that miR1934 is an important anti-inflammatory factor and may represent a novel mechanism for controlling AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Danting Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qianna Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
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Scroyen I, Bauters D, Vranckx C, Lijnen HR. The Anti-Adipogenic Potential of COUP-TFII Is Mediated by Downregulation of the Notch Target Gene Hey1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145608. [PMID: 26719988 PMCID: PMC4697848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. It has not conclusively been established, however, whether its role is pro- or anti-adipogenic. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene silencing of Coup-tfII in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes resulted in enhanced differentiation into mature adipocytes. This was associated with upregulation of the Notch signaling target gene Hey1. A functional role of Hey1 was confirmed by gene silencing in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes, resulting in impaired differentiation. In vivo, de novo fat pad formation in NUDE mice was significantly stimulated following injection of preadipocytes with Coup-tfII gene silencing, but impaired with Hey1 gene silencing. Moreover, expression of Coup-tfII was lower and that of Hey1 higher in isolated adipocytes of obese as compared to lean adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These in vitro and in vivo data support an anti-adipogenic role of COUP-TFII via downregulating the Notch signaling target gene Hey1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Scroyen
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Bauters
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vranckx
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Roger Lijnen
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Differential expression of six chicken genes associated with fatness traits in a divergently selected broiler population. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 30:1-5. [PMID: 26746358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study has shown a number of chicken (Gallus gallus) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to be significantly associated with abdominal fat content in Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU) broiler lines selected divergently for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF). The six significant SNPs are located in the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT), exocyst complex component 1 (EXOC1), v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)-like 2 (MYBL2) and KIAA1211 (undefined) genes. In this study, the expression levels of these genes were investigated in both abdominal fat and liver tissues using 32 14th generation chickens from the NEAUHLF. The levels of expression of KDR in abdominal fat and KDR and TUSC3 in liver differed significantly between the two lines. The expression level of KDR in the abdominal fat was significantly correlated with the abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP). The expression levels of KDR, TUSC3 and PPAT in liver were significantly correlated with AFW and AFP, indicating that the six genes, especially KDR and TUSC3, could be associated with fat traits in domestic chickens. This study could provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of abdominal fat in chickens.
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Monastero R, García-Serrano S, Lago-Sampedro A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Colomo N, Morcillo S, Martín-Nuñez GM, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, García-Fuentes E, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G, García-Escobar E. Methylation patterns of Vegfb promoter are associated with gene and protein expression levels: the effects of dietary fatty acids. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:715-726. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Choi HY, Jung J, Name SB, Lee JE, Byon IS, Seo JH. The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human orbital preadipocyte. Orbit 2015; 35:6-10. [PMID: 26588326 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2015.1082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) in human orbital preadipocytes, and to evaluate the effect of VEGF on human orbital preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in vitro. RESULTS Four isoforms of VEGF (VEGF121, 155, 189, and 206), VEGFR-1, VEGF-2, and neuropilin-1 were expressed in human orbital preadipocytes. Treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced higher expressions of C/EBPα and LPL than the non-treated control (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01) or treatment with 50ng/ml (p = 0.04 for both). At both concentrations VEGF enhanced the accumulation of intra-cytoplasmic lipid versus the control, and treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced more lipid accumulation than treatment with 50 ng/ml VEGF (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS VEGF and VEGFR were observed in human orbital preadipocytes, and exogenous VEGF enhanced adipogenesis in these cells. These results suggest that VEGF plays a role as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor during human orbital preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-young Choi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , South Korea
- b Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan , South Korea
| | - Jaeho Jung
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
- d Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Su-bong Name
- e Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Ji-eun Lee
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Ik-soo Byon
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Je-hyun Seo
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
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Wittmann K, Dietl S, Ludwig N, Berberich O, Hoefner C, Storck K, Blunk T, Bauer-Kreisel P. Engineering vascularized adipose tissue using the stromal-vascular fraction and fibrin hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1343-53. [PMID: 25602488 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of vascularized and functional adipose tissue substitutes is required to improve soft tissue augmentation. In this study, vascularized adipose tissue constructs were generated using uncultured cells from the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue as an alternative cell source to adipose-derived stem cells. SVF cell behavior and tissue formation were compared in a stable fibrin formulation developed by our group and a commercial fibrin sealant (TissuCol; Baxter) upon direct subcutaneous implantation in a nude mouse model. Further, the effect of in vitro adipogenic induction on SVF cell development was investigated by implanting stable fibrin constructs after 1 week of precultivation (adipogenic vs. noninduced control). Constructs were thoroughly analyzed before implantation regarding adipogenic differentiation status, cell viability, and distribution as well as the presence of endothelial cells. Before implantation, in vitro precultivation strongly promoted adipogenesis (under adipogenic conditions) and the formation of CD31(+) prevascular structures by SVF cells (under nonadipogenic conditions). Tissue development in vivo was determined after 4 weeks by histology (hematoxylin and eosin, human vimentin) and quantified histomorphometrically. In stable fibrin gels, adipogenic precultivation was superior to noninduced conditions, resulting in mature adipocytes and the formation of distinct vascular structures of human origin in vivo. Strong neovascularization by the implanted cells predominated in noninduced constructs. Without pretreatment, the SVF in stable fibrin gels displayed only a weak differentiation capability. In contrast, TissuCol gels strongly supported the formation of coherent and well-vascularized adipose tissue of human origin, displaying large unilocular adipocytes. The developed native-like tissue architecture was highlighted by a whole mount staining technique. Taken together, SVF cells from human adipose tissue were shown to successfully lead to adipose tissue formation in fibrin hydrogels in vivo. The results render the SVF a promising cell source for subsequent studies both in vitro and in vivo with the aim of engineering clinically applicable soft tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittmann
- 1 Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
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Liu P, Kong F, Wang J, Lu Q, Xu H, Qi T, Meng J. Involvement of IGF-1 and MEOX2 in PI3K/Akt1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways mediated proliferation and differentiation of perivascular adipocytes. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:82-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Garcia B, Francois-Vaughan H, Onikoyi O, Kostadinov S, De Paepe ME, Gruppuso PA, Sanders JA. Xenotransplantation of human fetal adipose tissue: a model of in vivo adipose tissue expansion and adipogenesis. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2685-91. [PMID: 25193996 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during childhood and beyond may have its origins during fetal or early postnatal life. At present, there are no suitable in vivo experimental models to study factors that modulate or perturb human fetal white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, remodeling, development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, or epigenetics. We have developed such a model. It involves the xenotransplantation of midgestation human WAT into the renal subcapsular space of immunocompromised SCID-beige mice. After an initial latency period of approximately 2 weeks, the tissue begins expanding. The xenografts are healthy and show robust expansion and angiogenesis for at least 2 months following transplantation. Data and cell size and gene expression are consistent with active angiogenesis. The xenografts maintain the expression of genes associated with differentiated adipocyte function. In contrast to the fetal tissue, adult human WAT does not engraft. The long-term viability and phenotypic maintenance of fetal adipose tissue following xenotransplantation may be a function of its autonomous high rates of adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Through the manipulation of the host mice, this model system offers the opportunity to study the mechanisms by which nutrients and other environmental factors affect human adipose tissue development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Garcia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Heather Francois-Vaughan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Omobola Onikoyi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Stefan Kostadinov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Jennifer A Sanders
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903
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Tsuji T, Yamaguchi K, Kikuchi R, Itoh M, Nakamura H, Nagai A, Aoshiba K. Promotion of adipogenesis by an EP2 receptor agonist via stimulation of angiogenesis in pulmonary emphysema. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 112:9-15. [PMID: 24911647 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Body weight loss is a common manifestation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly those with severe emphysema. Adipose angiogenesis is a key mediator of adipogenesis and use of pro-angiogenic agents may serve as a therapeutic option for lean COPD patients. Since angiogenesis is stimulated by PGE2, we examined whether ONO-AE1-259, a selective E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor agonist, might promote adipose angiogenesis and adipogenesis in a murine model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema (EIE mice). Mice were intratracheally instilled with elastase or saline, followed after 4 weeks by intraperitoneal administration of ONO-AE1-259 for 4 weeks. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) weight decreased in the EIE mice, whereas in the EIE mice treated with ONO-AE1-259, the SAT weight was largely restored, which was associated with significant increases in SAT adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and VEGF protein production. In contrast, ONO-AE1-259 administration induced no alteration in the weight of the visceral adipose tissue. These results suggest that in EIE mice, ONO-AE1-259 stimulated adipose angiogenesis possibly via VEGF production, and thence, adipogenesis. Our data pave the way for the development of therapeutic interventions for weight loss in emphysema patients, e.g., use of pro-angiogenic agents targeting the adipose tissue vascular component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Comprehensive and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishi-ogu, Arakawa-ku 116-8567, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- The First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawata-cho, Shinjyuku-ku 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
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Park J, Morley TS, Kim M, Clegg DJ, Scherer PE. Obesity and cancer--mechanisms underlying tumour progression and recurrence. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:455-465. [PMID: 24935119 PMCID: PMC4374431 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the field of cancer research has directed increased interest towards subsets of obesity-associated tumours, which include mammary, renal, oesophageal, gastrointestinal and reproductive cancers in both men and women. The increased risk of breast cancer that is associated with obesity has been widely reported; this has drawn much attention and as such, warrants investigation of the key mechanisms that link the obese state with cancer aetiology. For instance, the obese setting provides a unique adipose tissue microenvironment with concomitant systemic endocrine alterations that favour both tumour initiation and progression. Major metabolic differences exist within tumours that distinguish them from non-transformed healthy tissues. Importantly, considerable metabolic differences are induced by tumour cells in the stromal vascular fraction that surrounds them. The precise mechanisms that underlie the association of obesity with cancer and the accompanying metabolic changes that occur in the surrounding microenvironment remain elusive. Nonetheless, specific therapeutic agents designed for patients with obesity who develop tumours are clearly needed. This Review discusses recent advances in understanding the contributions of obesity to cancer and their implications for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.)
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Isolation, characterization, differentiation, and application of adipose-derived stem cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 123:55-105. [PMID: 20091288 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are known and have been investigated for a long time, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue were identified as such by Zuk et al. in 2001. However, as subcutaneous fat tissue is a rich source which is much more easily accessible than bone marrow and thus can be reached by less invasive procedures, adipose-derived stem cells have moved into the research spotlight over the last 8 years.Isolation of stromal cell fractions involves centrifugation, digestion, and filtration, resulting in an adherent cell population containing mesenchymal stem cells; these can be subdivided by cell sorting and cultured under common conditions.They seem to have comparable properties to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in their differentiation abilities as well as a favorable angiogenic and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile and therefore have become widely used in tissue engineering and clinical regenerative medicine.
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Krontiras P, Gatenholm P, Hägg DA. Adipogenic differentiation of stem cells in three-dimensional porous bacterial nanocellulose scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:195-203. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Krontiras
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-412 96 Sweden
| | - Paul Gatenholm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-412 96 Sweden
| | - Daniel A Hägg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg SE-412 96 Sweden
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