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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Nogalska W, Maszewska Z, Maleszka M, Dobroń M, Szary A, Kępa A, Żarowski M, Hojan K, Lukowicz M, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5749. [PMID: 38891938 PMCID: PMC11171823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes and polyphenols, which synergistically enhance its pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, and rectal, provide flexibility in treatment delivery. This review shows the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in managing neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, and clinical trials, it highlights the potential of cannabis in alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving overall quality of life for patients. Understanding the diverse therapeutic mechanisms of cannabis can open up possibilities for using this plant for individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Nogalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Zofia Maszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Mateusz Maleszka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Maria Dobroń
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szary
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kępa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swięcickiego 6, 61-847 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Mancini M, Calculli A, Di Martino D, Pisani A. Interplay between endocannabinoids and dopamine in the basal ganglia: implications for pain in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:33. [PMID: 38745258 PMCID: PMC11094869 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon, and basal ganglia circuitry integrates many aspects of pain including motor, emotional, autonomic, and cognitive responses. Perturbations in dopamine (DA) signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pain due to its involvement in both pain perception and relief. Several lines of evidence support the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the regulation of many electrical and chemical aspects of DAergic neuron function including excitability, synaptic transmission, integration, and plasticity. However, eCBs play an even more intricate and intimate relationship with DA, as indicated by the adaptive changes in the eCB system following DA depletion. Although the precise mechanisms underlying DA control on pain are not fully understood, given the high correlation of eCB and DAergic system, it is conceivable that eCBs may be part of these mechanisms.In this brief survey, we describe the reciprocal regulation of eCB-DA neurotransmission with a particular emphasis on the actions of eCBs on ionic and synaptic signaling in DAergic neurons mediated by CB receptors or independent on them. Furthermore, we analyze the eCB-DA imbalance which characterizes pain condition and report the implications of reduced DA levels for pain in Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we discuss the potential of the eCB-DA system in the development of future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mancini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Calculli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Deborah Di Martino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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3
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de Freitas MET, Fox SH. Advice to People with Parkinson's in My Clinic: Cannabis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:873-881. [PMID: 38759024 PMCID: PMC11191450 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis (in all the varied methods of delivery) continues to garner significant attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The recent legalization of personal use of cannabis products in some parts of the world has increased this interest and with it, potential availability to many more people. However, such access has led to more questions than answers for both patients and health care professionals. These include what symptom(s) of PD will cannabis products treat; what dose; what type of cannabis product to use and what are the side effects?
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eliza Thomaz de Freitas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Helen Fox
- Movement Disorders Centre and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Fernández-Moncada I, Eraso-Pichot A, Tor TD, Fortunato-Marsol B, Marsicano G. An enquiry to the role of CB1 receptors in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106235. [PMID: 37481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating conditions that impair patient quality of life and that represent heavy social-economic burdens to society. Whereas the root of some of these brain illnesses lies in autosomal inheritance, the origin of most of these neuropathologies is scantly understood. Similarly, the cellular and molecular substrates explaining the progressive loss of brain functions remains to be fully described too. Indeed, the study of brain neurodegeneration has resulted in a complex picture, composed of a myriad of altered processes that include broken brain bioenergetics, widespread neuroinflammation and aberrant activity of signaling pathways. In this context, several lines of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its main signaling hub, the type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor are altered in diverse neurodegenerative disorders. However, some of these data are conflictive or poorly described. In this review, we summarize the findings about the alterations in ECS and CB1 receptors signaling in three representative brain illnesses, the Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and we discuss the relevance of these studies in understanding neurodegeneration development and progression, with a special focus on astrocyte function. Noteworthy, the analysis of ECS defects in neurodegeneration warrant much more studies, as our conceptual understanding of ECS function has evolved quickly in the last years, which now include glia cells and the subcellular-specific CB1 receptors signaling as critical players of brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tommaso Dalla Tor
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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5
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Bernal‐Chico A, Tepavcevic V, Manterola A, Utrilla C, Matute C, Mato S. Endocannabinoid signaling in brain diseases: Emerging relevance of glial cells. Glia 2023; 71:103-126. [PMID: 35353392 PMCID: PMC9790551 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cannabinoid receptors as the primary molecular targets of psychotropic cannabinoid Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) in late 1980s paved the way for investigations on the effects of cannabis-based therapeutics in brain pathology. Ever since, a wealth of results obtained from studies on human tissue samples and animal models have highlighted a promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in a variety of neurological disorders. However, clinical success has been limited and major questions concerning endocannabinoid signaling need to be satisfactorily addressed, particularly with regard to their role as modulators of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, recent studies have brought into the limelight diverse, often unexpected functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in brain injury and disease, thus providing scientific basis for targeting glial cells to treat brain disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular hallmarks of endocannabinoid signaling in glial cells and its clinical relevance in neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernal‐Chico
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
| | | | - Andrea Manterola
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Present address:
Parque Científico y Tecnológico de GuipuzkoaViralgenSan SebastianSpain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Susana Mato
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioaSpain,Achucarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceLeioaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Neuroimmunology UnitBiocruces BizkaiaBarakaldoSpain
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Vallés AS, Barrantes FJ. The synaptic lipidome in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184033. [PMID: 35964712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adequate homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks in our organism, and the brain, with its uniquely high energetic requirements, posesses singular characteristics. Some of these are related to its extraordinary dotation of synapses, the specialized subcelluar structures where signal transmission between neurons occurs in the central nervous system. The post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses, the dendritic spine, harbors key molecules involved in neurotransmission tightly packed within a minute volume of a few femtoliters. The spine is further compartmentalized into nanodomains that facilitate the execution of temporo-spatially separate functions in the synapse. Lipids play important roles in this structural and functional compartmentalization and in mechanisms that impact on synaptic transmission. This review analyzes the structural and dynamic processes involving lipids at the synapse, highlighting the importance of their homeostatic balance for the physiology of this complex and highly specialized structure, and underscoring the pathologies associated with disbalances of lipid metabolism, particularly in the perinatal and late adulthood periods of life. Although small variations of the lipid profile in the brain take place throughout the adult lifespan, the pathophysiological consequences are clinically manifested mostly during late adulthood. Disturbances in lipid homeostasis in the perinatal period leads to alterations during nervous system development, while in late adulthood they favor the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Vallés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (UNS-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina.
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Defining Specific Cell States of MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810774. [PMID: 36142685 PMCID: PMC9504791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an impairment of movement execution that is related to age and genetic and environmental factors. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin widely used to induce PD models, but the effect of MPTP on the cells and genes of PD has not been fully elucidated. By single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we uncovered the PD-specific cells and revealed the changes in their cellular states, including astrocytosis and endothelial cells' absence, as well as a cluster of medium spiny neuron cells unique to PD. Furthermore, trajectory analysis of astrocyte and endothelial cell populations predicted candidate target gene sets that might be associated with PD. Notably, the detailed regulatory roles of astrocyte-specific transcription factors Dbx2 and Sox13 in PD were revealed in our work. Finally, we characterized the cell-cell communications of PD-specific cells and found that the overall communication strength was enhanced in PD compared with a matched control, especially the signaling pathways of NRXN and NEGR. Our work provides an overview of the changes in cellular states of the MPTP-induced mouse brain.
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8
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Lipidomics of Bioactive Lipids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Where Are We? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116235. [PMID: 35682914 PMCID: PMC9181703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are not only constituents of cellular membranes, but they are also key signaling mediators, thus acting as “bioactive lipids”. Among the prominent roles exerted by bioactive lipids are immune regulation, inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Accumulated evidence indicates the existence of a bidirectional relationship between the immune and nervous systems, and lipids can interact particularly with the aggregation and propagation of many pathogenic proteins that are well-renowned hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the presence and quantification of the main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids, namely glycerophospholipids/sphingolipids, classical eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators, and endocannabinoids, in AD and PD patients, as well as their most-used animal models, by means of lipidomic analyses, advocating for these lipid mediators as powerful biomarkers of pathology, diagnosis, and progression, as well as predictors of response or activity to different current therapies for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cortes-Altamirano JL, Yáñes-Pizaña A, Reyes-Long S, Angélica GM, Bandala C, Bonilla-Jaime H, Alfaro-Rodríguez A. Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cannabinoids in Covid-19 Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1326-1345. [PMID: 35382723 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220405143003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began in early 2020 and is still present. The respiratory symptoms caused by COVID-19 are well established, however, neurological manifestations that may result from direct or indirect neurological damage after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported frequently. The main proposed pathophysiological processes leading to neurological damage in COVID-19 are cerebrovascular disease, and indirect mechanisms of inflammatory / autoimmune origin. A growing number of studies confirm that neuroprotective measures should be maintained in COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, cannabinoids have been the subject of various studies that propose them as potential promising drugs in chronic neurodegenerative diseases due to their powerful neuroprotective potential. In this review we address the possible mechanism of action of cannabinoids as a neuroprotective treatment in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. The endocannabinoid system is found in multiple systems within the body, including the immune system. Its activation can lead to beneficial results, such as a decrease in viral entry, a decrease in viral replication, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α or IFN-c through CB2R expression induced during inflammation by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortes-Altamirano
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Departamento de Quiropráctica, Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico, 55210, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Yáñes-Pizaña
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de Mexico, Mexico City, 04910, México.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en Pequeñas Especies, Federación Canofila Mexicana, Mexico City, 14430, México
| | - Samuel Reyes-Long
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07738, México
| | - González-Maciel Angélica
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en Pequeñas Especies, Federación Canofila Mexicana, Mexico City, 14430, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, 09340, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
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Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z. Roles of the Cannabinoid System in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:832854. [PMID: 35264932 PMCID: PMC8900732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.832854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease usually caused by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and other etiologies. Recent studies have found that the cannabinoid system present in the basal ganglia has a strong influence on the progression of PD. Altering the cannabinoid receptor activation status by modulating endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) levels can exert an anti-movement disorder effect. Therefore, the development of drugs that modulate the endocannabinoid system may be a novel strategy for the treatment of PD. However, eCB regulation is complex, with diverse cannabinoid receptor functions and the presence of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric signals interacting with cannabinoid signaling in the basal ganglia region. Therefore, the study of eCB is challenging. Here, we have described the function of the cannabinoid system in the basal ganglia and its association with PD in three parts (eCBs, cannabinoid receptors, and factors regulating the cannabinoid metabolism) and summarized the mechanisms of action related to the cannabinoid analogs currently aimed at treating PD. The shortcomings identified from previous studies and the directions that should be explored in the future will provide insights into new approaches and ideas for the future development of cannabinoid-based drugs and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huayuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zegang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zegang Ma,
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Scarduzio M, Hess EJ, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Striatal synaptic dysfunction in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Kelly R, Bemelmans AP, Joséphine C, Brouillet E, McKernan DP, Dowd E. Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain. Molecules 2022; 27:507. [PMID: 35056822 PMCID: PMC8778740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson's disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson's disease from numerous aspects, but still little is known about the links between the cannabinoid system and the pathogenic α-synuclein protein; understanding these links will be necessary if cannabinoid therapies are to reach the clinic in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the time-course of alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system after viral-mediated α-synuclein overexpression in the rat brain. Rats were given unilateral intranigral injections of AAV-GFP or AAV-α-synuclein and sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks later for qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the endocannabinoid system, in addition to histological visualization of α-synuclein expression along the nigrostriatal pathway. As anticipated, intranigral delivery of AAV-α-synuclein induced widespread overexpression of human α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal pathway, both at the mRNA level and the protein level. However, despite this profound α-synuclein overexpression, we detected no differences in CB1 or CB2 receptor expression in the nigrostriatal pathway; however, interestingly, there was a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG and the related lipid immune mediator OEA at week 12 post-surgery, indicating that α-synuclein overexpression triggers dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. Although this research does show that the endocannabinoid system is impacted by α-synuclein, further research is necessary to more comprehensively understand the link between the cannabinoid system and the α-synuclein aspect of Parkinson's disease pathology in order for cannabinoid-based therapies to be feasible for the treatment of this disease in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.-P.B.); (C.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.-P.B.); (C.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (A.-P.B.); (C.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Declan P. McKernan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
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Verbruggen L, Ates G, Lara O, De Munck J, Villers A, De Pauw L, Ottestad-Hansen S, Kobayashi S, Beckers P, Janssen P, Sato H, Zhou Y, Hermans E, Njemini R, Arckens L, Danbolt NC, De Bundel D, Aerts JL, Barbé K, Guillaume B, Ris L, Bentea E, Massie A. Lifespan extension with preservation of hippocampal function in aged system x c--deficient male mice. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2355-2368. [PMID: 35181756 PMCID: PMC9126817 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- has been identified as the major source of extracellular glutamate in several brain regions as well as a modulator of neuroinflammation, and genetic deletion of its specific subunit xCT (xCT-/-) is protective in mouse models for age-related neurological disorders. However, the previously observed oxidative shift in the plasma cystine/cysteine ratio of adult xCT-/- mice led to the hypothesis that system xc- deletion would negatively affect life- and healthspan. Still, till now the role of system xc- in physiological aging remains unexplored. We therefore studied the effect of xCT deletion on the aging process of mice, with a particular focus on the immune system, hippocampal function, and cognitive aging. We observed that male xCT-/- mice have an extended lifespan, despite an even more increased plasma cystine/cysteine ratio in aged compared to adult mice. This oxidative shift does not negatively impact the general health status of the mice. On the contrary, the age-related priming of the innate immune system, that manifested as increased LPS-induced cytokine levels and hypothermia in xCT+/+ mice, was attenuated in xCT-/- mice. While this was associated with only a very moderate shift towards a more anti-inflammatory state of the aged hippocampus, we observed changes in the hippocampal metabolome that were associated with a preserved hippocampal function and the retention of hippocampus-dependent memory in male aged xCT-/- mice. Targeting system xc- is thus not only a promising strategy to prevent cognitive decline, but also to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Verbruggen
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gamze Ates
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olaya Lara
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Munck
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnès Villers
- grid.8364.90000 0001 2184 581XDepartment of Neurosciences, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Laura De Pauw
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Ottestad-Hansen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Pauline Beckers
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XInstitute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Janssen
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideyo Sato
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yun Zhou
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XInstitute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Frailty in Ageing research Department, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels C. Danbolt
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, C4N, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Barbé
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069The Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Ris
- grid.8364.90000 0001 2184 581XDepartment of Neurosciences, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Bentea
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Massie
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Lamontagne-Proulx J, Coulombe K, Dahhani F, Côté M, Guyaz C, Tremblay C, Di Marzo V, Flamand N, Calon F, Soulet D. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) at the Enteric Level in a Synucleinopathy Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124218. [PMID: 34959768 PMCID: PMC8703327 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein protein (αSyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considerable evidence suggests that PD involves an early aggregation of αSyn in the enteric nervous system (ENS), spreading to the brain. While it has previously been reported that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) acts as neuroprotective agents in the brain in murine models of PD, their effect in the ENS remains undefined. Here, we studied the effect of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, an ω-3 PUFA), on the ENS, with a particular focus on enteric dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Thy1-αSyn mice, which overexpress human αSyn, were fed ad libitum with a control diet, a low ω-3 PUFA diet or a diet supplemented with microencapsulated DHA and then compared with wild-type littermates. Our data indicate that Thy1-αSyn mice showed a lower density of enteric dopaminergic neurons compared with non-transgenic animals. This decrease was prevented by dietary DHA. Although we found that DHA reduced microgliosis in the striatum, we did not observe any evidence of peripheral inflammation. However, we showed that dietary intake of DHA promoted a build-up of ω-3 PUFA-derived endocannabinoid (eCB)-like mediators in plasma and an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the redox regulator, Nrf2 in the ENS. Taken together, our results suggest that DHA exerts neuroprotection of enteric DAergic neurons in the Thy1-αSyn mice, possibly through alterations in eCB-like mediators, GLP-1 and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Fadil Dahhani
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (F.D.); (V.D.); (N.F.)
- Canada Excellence Research in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Mélissa Côté
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Cédric Guyaz
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (F.D.); (V.D.); (N.F.)
- Canada Excellence Research in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (F.D.); (V.D.); (N.F.)
- Canada Excellence Research in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Laboratoire International Associé OptiNutriBrain, (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.L.-P.); (K.C.); (M.C.); (C.T.); (F.C.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF) et Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-654-2296
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Soti M, Ranjbar H, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. Parkinson's disease related alterations in cannabinoid transmission. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:82-96. [PMID: 34808322 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by neurodegeneration. Recent findings in animal models of PD propose tonic inhibition of the remaining DA neurons through GABA release from reactive glial cells. Movement dysfunctions could be ameliorated by promotion of activity in dormant DA cells. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is extensively present in basal ganglia (BG) and is known as an indirect modulator of DAergic neurotransmission, thus drugs designed to target this system have shown promising therapeutic potential in PD patients. Interestingly, down/up-regulation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) varies across the different stages of PD, suggesting that some of the motor/ non-motor deficits may be related to changes in CBRs. Determination of the profile of changes of these receptors across the different stages of PD as well as their neural distribution within the BG could improve understanding of PD and identify pathways important in disease pathobiology. In this review, we focus on temporal and spatial alterations of CBRs during PD in the BG. At present, as inconclusive, but suggestive results have been obtained, future investigations should be conducted to extend preclinical studies examining CBRs changes within each stage in controlled clinical trials in order to determine the potential of targeting CBRs in management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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16
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Magham SV, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Shaji N, Mani L, Balasubramanian S. Cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonists and Alzheimer's disease: An insight into the therapeutic potentials. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2888-2905. [PMID: 34486749 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in recent decades, particularly the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, due to their important role in neuroinflammation. Among these, CB2 has gained prominence due to its selective overexpression in glial cells during neuroinflammation. In contrast to CB1 agonists, CB2 agonists have no side effects such as ataxia, hypothermia, euphoria, psychological, or addiction liabilities. CB2 and its selective agonists' above-mentioned unique properties have become a research focus in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The review discusses the neuroprotective role of CB receptors, particularly CB2, in AD, as well as the significance and limitations of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Varshini Magham
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | | - Neenu Shaji
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Lalithkumar Mani
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
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17
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Zheng C, Zhang F. New insights into pathogenesis of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:104-113. [PMID: 34331976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and self-propelling neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by motor symptoms, such as rigidity, tremor, slowness of movement and problems with gait. These symptoms become worse over time. To date, Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is still the most effective pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms of PD. Unfortunately, motor fluctuations consisting of wearing-off effect actions and dyskinesia tend to occur in a few years of starting l-DOPA. Currently, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is troublesome and the pathogenesis of LID requires further investigation. Importantly, a new intervention for LID is imminent. Thus, this review mainly summarized the clinical features, risk factors and pathogenesis of LID to provide updatefor the development of therapeutic targets and new approaches for the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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18
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Estrada JA, Contreras I. Endocannabinoid Receptors in the CNS: Potential Drug Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:769-787. [PMID: 32065105 PMCID: PMC7536826 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200217140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system participates in the regulation of CNS homeostasis and functions, including neurotransmission, cell signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as neuronal and glial cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Endocannabinoids are produced by multiple cell types within the CNS and their main receptors, CB1 and CB2, are expressed in both neurons and glia. Signaling through these receptors is implicated in the modulation of neuronal and glial alterations in neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, anxiety and depression. The therapeutic potential of endocannabinoid receptors in neurological disease has been hindered by unwelcome side effects of current drugs used to target them; however, due to their extensive expression within the CNS and their involvement in physiological and pathological process in nervous tissue, they are attractive targets for drug development. The present review highlights the potential applications of the endocannabinoid system for the prevention and treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Estrada
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Irazú Contreras
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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19
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Röpke J, Ferreira-Vieira TH, Iglesias LP, Asth L, Ribeiro FM, Moreira FA. Protective role of endocannabinoid signaling in an animal model of haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 206:173193. [PMID: 33933537 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a side effect associated with the long-term use of certain antipsychotics. Considering the modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system upon dopaminergic neurotransmission, the present study tested the hypothesis that increasing endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) levels attenuates haloperidol-induced TD (vacuous chewing movements, VCMs) in male Wistar rats. The animals received administration of chronic haloperidol (38 mg/kg; 29 days) followed by acute FAAH (URB597, 0.1-0.5 mg/kg) or MAGL (JZL184, 1-10 mg/kg) inhibitors before VCM quantification. The underlying mechanisms were evaluated by pre-treatments with a CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251, 1 mg/kg) or a TRPV1 channel blocker (SB366791, 1 mg/kg). Moreover, CB1 receptor expression was evaluated in the striatum of high-VCM animals. As expected, haloperidol induced VCMs only in a subset of rats. Either FAAH or MAGL inhibition reduced VCMs. These effects were prevented by CB1 receptor antagonism, but not by TRPV1 blockage. Remarkably, CB1 receptor expression was increased high-VCM rats, with a positive correlation between the levels of CB1 expression and the number of VCMs. In conclusion, increasing endocannabinoid levels results in CB1 receptor-mediated protection against haloperidol-induced TD in rats. The increased CB1 receptor expression after chronic haloperidol treatment suggests a counter-regulatory protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivago Röpke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Talita H Ferreira-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Labib AY, Ammar RM, El-Naga RN, El-Bahy AAZ, Tadros MG, Michel HE. Mechanistic insights into the protective effect of paracetamol against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Possible role of endocannabinoid system modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107431. [PMID: 33578261 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling progressive neurodegenerative disease. So far, PD's treatment remains symptomatic with no curative effects. Aside from its blatant analgesic and antipyretic efficacy, recent studies highlighted the endowed neuroprotective potentials of paracetamol (PCM). To this end: the present study investigated: (1) Possible protective role of PCM against rotenone-induced PD-like neurotoxicity in rats, and (2) the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective actions including cannabinoid receptors' modulation. A dose-response study was conducted using three doses of PCM (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and their effects on body weight changes, spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod test, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein expression, and striatal dopamine (DA) content were evaluated. Results revealed that PCM (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) halted PD motor impairment, prevented rotenone-induced weight loss, restored normal histological tissue structure, reversed rotenone-induced reduction in TH expression and striatal DA content, and markedly decreased midbrain and striatal α-synuclein expression in rotenone-treated rats. Accordingly, PCM (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was selected for further mechanistic investigations, where it ameliorated rotenone-induced oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, apoptosis, and disturbed cannabinoid receptors' expression. In conclusion, our findings imply a multi-target neuroprotective effect of PCM in PD which could be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, in addition to cannabinoid receptors' modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yassin Labib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaymaa Amin Zaki El-Bahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative City, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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Pinna A, Serra M, Marongiu J, Morelli M. Pharmacological interactions between adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists and different neurotransmitter systems. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S37-S44. [PMID: 33349579 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration, several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators besides dopamine are also involved in the onset and progression of the disease and its symptoms. The other principal neurotransmitters/neuromodulators known to control basal ganglia functions and, in particular, motor functions, are GABA, glutamate, serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, adenosine and endocannabinoids. Among these, adenosine is the most relevant, acting through its adenosine A2A receptor. Work in experimental models of PD has established the effects of A2A receptor antagonists, including the alleviation of disrupted dopamine functions and improved efficacy of dopamine replacement therapy. Moreover, positive interactions between A2A receptor antagonists and both D2 and D1 receptor agonists have been described in vitro at the receptor-receptor level or in more complex in vivo models of PD, respectively. In addition, the interactions between A2A receptor antagonists and glutamate ionotropic GluN2B-containing N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, or metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, including both mGlu5 receptor inhibitors and mGlu4 receptor activators, have been reported in both in vitro and in vivo animal models of PD, as have positive interactions between A2A and endocannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists. At the same time, a combination of A2A receptor antagonists and 5-HT1A-5-HT1B receptor agonists have been described to modulate the expression of dyskinesia induced by chronic dopamine replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pinna
- National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute - Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jacopo Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute - Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Leehey MA, Liu Y, Hart F, Epstein C, Cook M, Sillau S, Klawitter J, Newman H, Sempio C, Forman L, Seeberger L, Klepitskaya O, Baud Z, Bainbridge J. Safety and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Parkinson Disease: An Open Label, Dose-Escalation Study. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2020; 5:326-336. [PMID: 33381646 PMCID: PMC7759259 DOI: 10.1089/can.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabis is increasingly used in Parkinson disease (PD), despite little information regarding benefits and risks. Objectives: To investigate the safety and tolerability of a range of doses of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating component of cannabis, and it's effect on common parkinsonian symptoms. Methods: In this open-label study Coloradans with PD, substantial rest tremor, not using cannabis received plant-derived highly purified CBD (Epidiolex®; 100 mg/mL). CBD was titrated from 5 to 20-25 mg/kg/day and maintained for 10-15 days. Results: Fifteen participants enrolled, two were screen failures. All 13 participants (10 male), mean (SD) age 68.15 (6.05), with 6.1 (4.0) years of PD, reported adverse events, including diarrhea (85%), somnolence (69%), fatigue (62%), weight gain (31%), dizziness (23%), abdominal pain (23%), and headache, weight loss, nausea, anorexia, and increased appetite (each 5%). Adverse events were mostly mild; none serious. Elevated liver enzymes, mostly a cholestatic pattern, occurred in five (38.5%) participants on 20-25 mg/kg/day, only one symptomatic. Three (23%) dropped out due to intolerance. Ten (eight male) that completed the study had improvement in total and motor Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale scores of 7.70 (9.39, mean decrease 17.8%, p=0.012) and 6.10 (6.64, mean decrease 24.7%, p=0.004), respectively. Nighttime sleep and emotional/behavioral dyscontrol scores also improved significantly. Conclusions: CBD, in the form of Epidiolex, may be efficacious in PD, but the relatively high dose used in this study was associated with liver enzyme elevations. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate various forms of cannabis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A. Leehey
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Felecia Hart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christen Epstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary Cook
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Heike Newman
- Regulatory Compliance Office, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa Forman
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren Seeberger
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Olga Klepitskaya
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachrey Baud
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Bainbridge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Bartoll A, Toledano-Zaragoza A, Casas J, Guzmán M, Schuchman EH, Ledesma MD. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase prevents pathology in neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency by rescuing defective endocannabinoid signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11776. [PMID: 33016621 PMCID: PMC7645369 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) leads to cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM), neurodegeneration, and early death. Here, we describe the downregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurons of ASM knockout (ASM‐KO) mice and a ASMD patient. High SM reduced expression of the eCB receptor CB1 in neuronal processes and induced its accumulation in lysosomes. Activation of CB1 receptor signaling, through inhibition of the eCB‐degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), reduced SM levels in ASM‐KO neurons. Oral treatment of ASM‐KO mice with a FAAH inhibitor prevented SM buildup; alleviated inflammation, neurodegeneration, and behavioral alterations; and extended lifespan. This treatment showed benefits even after a single administration at advanced disease stages. We also found CB1 receptor downregulation in neurons of a mouse model and a patient of another sphingolipid storage disorder, Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC). We showed the efficacy of FAAH inhibition to reduce SM and cholesterol levels in NPC patient‐derived cells and in the brain of a NPC mouse model. Our findings reveal a pathophysiological crosstalk between neuronal SM and the eCB system and offer a new treatment for ASMD and other sphingolipidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Bartoll
- Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Guzmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
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24
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Sung S, Farrell M, Vijiaratnam N, Evans AH. Pain and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease may share common pathophysiological mechanisms – An fMRI study. J Neurol Sci 2020; 416:116905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Endocannabinoid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1359-1367. [PMID: 32797288 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are frequent complications, and the endocannabinoid system has a role on its pathophysiology. To test the hypothesis that the functioning of the endocannabinoid system would be altered in PD and in LID by measuring plasma and CSF levels of α-N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in patients with PD with and without LID and in healthy controls. Blood and CSF samples were collected from 20 healthy controls, 23 patients with PD without LID, and 24 patients with PD with LID. The levels of AEA and 2-AG were measured using a highly sensitive column switching ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. When pooled together, patients with PD had lower plasma and CSF levels of 2-AG and higher CSF levels of AEA compared to healthy controls (Mann-Whitney statistics = 303.0, p = 0.02). Patients with PD without LID had lower CSF levels of 2-AG (Kruskal-Wallis statistics = 7.76, p = 0.02) and higher CSF levels of AEA levels than healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis statistics = 8.81, p = 0.01). The findings suggest that the endocannabinoid system participates in the pathophysiology of PD symptoms, but its role in the pathophysiology of LID is still unclear.
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26
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Ferreira C, Almeida C, Tenreiro S, Quintas A. Neuroprotection or Neurotoxicity of Illicit Drugs on Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060086. [PMID: 32545328 PMCID: PMC7344445 DOI: 10.3390/life10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms'. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs' legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, P-4200–319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC–Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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27
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Leija-Salazar M, Bermúdez de León M, González-Horta A, González-Hernández B. Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic agonist of cannabinoid receptor, increases CB 1R gene expression and reduces dyskinesias in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172950. [PMID: 32413434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
l-Dopa is the most effective drug used for Parkinson's disease (PD), but after long-term treatment, the vast majority of PD patients develop abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) termed l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia can modulate motor functions, but their role in the treatment of LID is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the motor behavior and mRNA expression of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R), encoded by the Cnr1 gene, in the striatum and globus pallidus of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD. The evaluated rats had 6-hydroxydopamine-induced injury, LID, and LID treated with arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Contralateral turns and AIMs were recorded to assess motor behavior. Gene expression was quantified by reverse transcription coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Behavioral evaluations demonstrated that dyskinetic rats treated with ACEA had a significant reduction in AIMs compared to the dyskinetic group. The expression of CB1R mRNA was significantly decreased in the 6-hydroxydopamine-injured and dyskinetic rats, compared to intact rats. The striata of dyskinetic rats treated with ACEA exhibited highly significant increases in CB1R mRNA expression. Contrary to results in the striatum, a lower CB1R expression was observed in globus pallidus from dyskinetic ACEA-treated group. In summary, significant differences in mRNA expression of CB1R were found between the evaluated groups of rats, suggesting the occurrence of compensatory mechanisms that may result in the ACEA-mediated reduction of dyskinesias in a rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leija-Salazar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de abril 501, Col. Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Azucena González-Horta
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Brenda González-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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28
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Reddy V, Grogan D, Ahluwalia M, Salles ÉL, Ahluwalia P, Khodadadi H, Alverson K, Nguyen A, Raju SP, Gaur P, Braun M, Vale FL, Costigliola V, Dhandapani K, Baban B, Vaibhav K. Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies. EPMA J 2020; 11:217-250. [PMID: 32549916 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental processes, neuronal plasticity, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. Despite the therapeutic potential, the adverse psychoactive effects and historical stigma, cannabinoids have limited widespread clinical application. Therefore, it is plausible to weigh carefully the beneficial effects of cannabinoids against the potential adverse impacts for every individual. This is where the concept of "personalized medicine" as a promising approach for disease prediction and prevention may take into the account. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid metabolizing pathways, and will progress to a more in-depth discussion of the therapeutic interventions by endocannabinoids in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Dayton Grogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn Alverson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Srikrishnan P Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.,VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | | | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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29
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Chen XY, Xue Y, Chen H, Chen L. The globus pallidus as a target for neuropeptides and endocannabinoids participating in central activities. Peptides 2020; 124:170210. [PMID: 31778724 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The globus pallidus in the basal ganglia plays an important role in movement regulation. Neuropeptides and endocannabinoids are neuronal signalling molecules that influence the functions of the whole brain. Endocannabinoids, enkephalin, substance P, neurotensin, orexin, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides are richly concentrated in the globus pallidus. Neuropeptides and endocannabinoids exert excitatory or inhibitory effects in the globus pallidus mainly by modulating GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, as well as many ionic mechanisms. Pallidal neuropeptides and endocannabinoids are associated with the pathophysiology of a number of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. The levels of neuropeptides and endocannabinoids and their receptors in the globus pallidus change in neurological diseases. It has been demonstrated that spontaneous firing activity of globus pallidus neurons is closely related to the manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the neuropeptides and endocannabinoids in the globus pallidus may function as potential targets for treatment in some neurological diseases. In this review, we highlight the morphology and function of neuropeptides and endocannabinoids in the globus pallidus and their involvement in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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30
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Han QW, Yuan YH, Chen NH. The therapeutic role of cannabinoid receptors and its agonists or antagonists in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 96:109745. [PMID: 31442553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and its characteristic is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) of the midbrain. There is hardly any clinically proven efficient therapeutics for its cure in several recent preclinical advances proposed to treat PD. Recent studies have found that the endocannabinoid signaling system in particular the comprised two receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors, has a significant regulatory function in basal ganglia and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, adding new insights into the biochemical interactions between cannabinoids and other signaling pathways may help develop new pharmacological strategies. Factors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are abundantly expressed in the neural circuits of basal ganglia, where they interact interactively with glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic), and dopaminergic signaling systems. Although preclinical studies on PD are promising, the use of cannabinoids at the clinical level has not been thoroughly studied. In this review, we evaluated the available evidence and reviewed the involvement of ECS in etiologies, symptoms and treatments related to PD. Since CB1 and CB2 receptors are the two main receptors of endocannabinoids, we primarily put the focus on the therapeutic role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in PD. We will try to determine future research clues that will help understand the potential therapeutic benefits of the ECS in the treatment of PD, aiming to open up new strategies and ideas for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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31
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Kim B, Park JY, Cho DY, Ko HM, Yoon SH, Choi DK. 2-(5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxoacetamide (CDMPO) has anti-inflammatory properties in microglial cells and prevents neuronal and behavioral deficits in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2019; 166:107928. [PMID: 31887307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons associated with microglial activation. Inhibition of the inflammatory response elicited by activated microglia could be an effective strategy to alleviate the progression of PD. Here, we synthesized 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxoacetamide (CDMPO) and studied its protective anti-inflammatory mechanisms following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. CDMPO and its parent compound, rimonabant, significantly attenuated nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated primary microglia and BV2 cells. Furthermore, CDMPO significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by activated BV2 cells, also suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Mechanistically, CDMPO attenuated LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), and p38 phosphorylation in BV2 cells. MPTP intoxication of mice results in glial activation, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) depletion, and significant behavioral deficits. Prophylactic treatment with CDMPO decreased proinflammatory molecules via NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, resulting in protection of dopaminergic neurons and improved behavioral impairments. These results suggest that CDMPO is a promising neuroprotective agent for the prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions and may be useful for behavioral improvement in PD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungwook Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Myung Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 16:9-29. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Role of the kynurenine pathway and the endocannabinoid system as modulators of inflammation and personality traits. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104434. [PMID: 31525567 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kynurenine pathway metabolites and endocannabinoids both exert potent regulatory effects on the immune system, but the relationship between these molecules is unknown. The role of these immunobiological mediators in emotionality and personality traits is not previously characterized. METHODS Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and picolinic acid (PIC) were measured in the plasma of physically healthy individuals who had history of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders (n = 96) or who had no history of any psychiatric disorder (n = 56) by DSM-5 Criteria. Dimensional assessments of personality were performed using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). RESULTS Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly associated with plasma 2-AG levels and plasma PIC levels across all subjects. PIC levels were also negatively associated with 2-AG levels across all subjects, independent of IL-6 levels. In our analysis of the biological determinants of personality factors, we identified significant associations between IL-6 and novelty seeking assessment, and between PIC and neuroticism assessment. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence of a biological link between metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, the endocannabinoid system and IL-6 and suggest that these factors may influence personality traits.
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34
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Leta V, Jenner P, Chaudhuri KR, Antonini A. Can therapeutic strategies prevent and manage dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease? An update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:1203-1218. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1681966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Leta
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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35
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Junior NCF, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Guimarães FS, Del Bel E. Cannabidiol and Cannabinoid Compounds as Potential Strategies for Treating Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:12-29. [PMID: 31637586 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) are motor disorders with significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatments that improve these disorders without causing severe side effects are not yet available. Delay in initiating L-DOPA is no longer recommended as LID development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative L-DOPA exposure. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a promising therapy to control PD and LID symptoms. In this way, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), the principal non-psychotomimetic constituent of the Cannabis sativa plant, have received considerable attention in the last decade. In this review, we present clinical and preclinical evidence suggesting CBD and other cannabinoids have therapeutic effects in PD and LID. Here, we discuss CBD pharmacology, as well as its neuroprotective effects and those of other cannabinoids. Finally, we discuss the modulation of several pro- or anti-inflammatory factors as possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic/neuroprotective potential of Cannabis-derived/cannabinoid synthetic compounds in motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson Carlos Ferreira Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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36
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Grimsey NL, Savinainen JR, Attili B, Ahamed M. Regulating membrane lipid levels at the synapse by small-molecule inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase: new developments in therapeutic and PET imaging applications. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:330-343. [PMID: 31622747 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a major endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzyme and can be regulated to control endogenous lipid levels in the brain. This review highlights the pharmacological roles and in vivo PET imaging of MAGL in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, The University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Muneer Ahamed
- ARC Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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37
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Shi L, Huang C, Luo Q, Rogers E, Xia Y, Liu W, Ma W, Zeng W, Gong L, Fang J, Tang L, Cheng A, Shi R, Chen Z. The Association of Iron and the Pathologies of Parkinson's Diseases in MPTP/MPP +-Induced Neuronal Degeneration in Non-human Primates and in Cell Culture. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:215. [PMID: 31543809 PMCID: PMC6729105 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much efforts in the last few decades, the mechanism of degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. This represents a major knowledge gap in idiopathic and genetic forms of PD. Among various possible key factors postulated, iron metabolism has been widely suggested to be involved with fueling oxidative stress, a known factor in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the correlation between iron and DA neuron loss, specifically in the SN, has not been described in experimental animal models with great detail, with most studies utilizing rodents and, rarely, non-human primates. In the present study, aiming to gain further evidence of a pathological role of iron in PD, we have examined the correlation of iron with DA neuron loss in a non-human primate model of PD induced by MPTP. We report a significant iron accumulation accompanied by both DA degeneration in the SN and motor deficits in the monkey that displayed the most severe PD pathology and behavioral deficits. The other two monkeys subjected to MPTP displayed less severe PD pathologies and motor deficits, however, their SN iron levels were significantly lower than controls. These findings suggest that high iron may indicate and contribute to heightened MPP+-induced PD pathology in late or severe stages of PD, while depressed levels of iron may signal an early stage of disease. Similarly, using a cell culture preparation, we have found that high doses of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), a factor known to enhance iron accumulation, increased MPP+-induced cell death in U251 and SH-SY5Y cells, and even in control cells. However, at low dose FAC restored or increased the viability of U251 and SH-SY5Y cells in the absence or presence of MPP+. These observations imply that high levels of iron likely contribute to or heighten MPP+ toxicity in the later stages of PD. While we report reduced iron levels in the earlier stages of MPTP induced PD, the significance of these changes remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqin Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Edmond Rogers
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Primed Shines Bio-Tech Co., Ltd./National Experimental Macaque Reproduce Laboratory, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Ceccarini J, Casteels C, Ahmad R, Crabbé M, Van de Vliet L, Vanhaute H, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe W, Van Laere K. Regional changes in the type 1 cannabinoid receptor are associated with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2348-2357. [PMID: 31342135 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The endocannabinoid system plays a regulatory role in a number of physiological functions, including motor control but also mood, emotion, and cognition. A number of preclinical studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) models demonstrated that modulating the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) may improve motor symptoms and components of cognitive processing. However, the relation between CB1R, cognitive decline and behavioral symptoms has not been investigated in PD patients so far. The aim of this study was to examine whether CB1R availability is associated with measures of cognitive and behavioral function in PD patients. METHODS Thirty-eight PD patients and ten age- and gender-matched controls underwent a [18F]MK-9470 PET scan to assess CB1R availability, as well as volumetric MR imaging. Neuropsychological symptoms were evaluated using an extensive cognitive and behavioral battery covering the five cognitive domains, depression, anxiety, apathy, and psychiatric complications, and were correlated to CB1R availability using vowel-wise regression analysis (P < 0.05, corrected for familywise error). RESULTS PD patients with poorer performance in episodic memory, executive functioning, speed and mental flexibility (range P 0.003-0.03) showed lower CB1R availability in predominantly the midcingulate cortex and middle to superior frontal gyrus (Tpeak-level > 4.0). Also, PD patients with more severe visuospatial dysfunction showed decreased CB1R availability in the precuneus, midcingulate, supplementary motor cortex, inferior orbitofrontal gyrus and thalamus (Tpeak-level = 5.5). These correlations were not related to cortical gray matter atrophy. No relationship was found between CB1R availability and mood or behavioral symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS Decreased CB1R availability in the prefrontal and midcingulate cortex in PD patients is strongly correlated with disturbances in executive functioning, episodic memory, and visuospatial functioning. Further investigation of regional CB1R expression in groups of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia is warranted in order to further investigate the role of CB1R expression in different levels of cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cindy Casteels
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rawaha Ahmad
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Crabbé
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van de Vliet
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Vanhaute
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Buhmann C, Mainka T, Ebersbach G, Gandor F. Evidence for the use of cannabinoids in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:913-924. [PMID: 31131434 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid formulations have now been legally approved in several countries for treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, PD patients consult physicians more frequently for prescription of cannabinoids to alleviate symptoms that might not respond well to dopaminergic treatment. Despite the increasing volume of research generated in the field of cannabinoids and their effect on Parkinson's disease, there is still paucity of sufficient clinical data about the efficacy and safety in PD patients. There is increasing understanding of the endocannabinoid system, and the distribution of cannabinoid receptors in basal ganglia structures might suggest potential benefit on parkinsonian symptoms. Concerning clinical research, only one of to date four conducted randomized placebo-controlled trials showed an effect on motor symptoms with alleviation of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. There are a growing number of uncontrolled trials and case reports that suggest beneficial effects of cannabinoids in PD patients. However, the variety of substances investigated, the varying routes of intake, differing doses and time courses make it difficult to compare data. We here provide an overview of the current literature in this field and discuss a pragmatic approach for the clinical use of cannabinoids in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Mainka
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Ebersbach
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Straße nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Florin Gandor
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Straße nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During the past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We have recently used genetic data from familial and sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build a molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players in this disease. Here we extensively review the current knowledge concerning the involvement of various subclasses of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and lipoproteins in PD pathogenesis. Our review corroborates a central role for most lipid classes, but the available information is fragmented, not always reproducible, and sometimes differs by sex, age or PD etiology of the patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal or associative effects of dietary lipids or defects in specific steps of lipid metabolism in PD. Future technological advances in lipidomics and additional systematic studies on lipid species from PD patient material may improve this situation and lead to a better appreciation of the significance of lipids for this devastating disease.
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Espay AJ, Morgante F, Merola A, Fasano A, Marsili L, Fox SH, Bezard E, Picconi B, Calabresi P, Lang AE. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: Current and evolving concepts. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:797-811. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Espay
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH
| | - Francesca Morgante
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences; St George's University of London; London United Kingdom
| | - Aristide Merola
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Luca Marsili
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Bordeaux France
- National Center for Scientific Research, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Bordeaux France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, University San Raffaele; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic; University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital; Perugia Italy
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
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43
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The expression of cannabinoid type 1 receptor and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol synthesizing/degrading enzymes is altered in basal ganglia during the active phase of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Aymerich MS, Aso E, Abellanas MA, Tolon RM, Ramos JA, Ferrer I, Romero J, Fernández-Ruiz J. Cannabinoid pharmacology/therapeutics in chronic degenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:67-84. [PMID: 30121249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) exerts a modulatory effect of important functions such as neurotransmission, glial activation, oxidative stress, or protein homeostasis. Dysregulation of these cellular processes is a common neuropathological hallmark in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The broad spectrum of actions of cannabinoids allows targeting different aspects of these multifactorial diseases. In this review, we examine the therapeutic potential of the ECS for the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. First, we describe the localization of the molecular components of the ECS and how they are altered under neurodegenerative conditions, either contributing to or protecting cells from degeneration. Second, we address recent advances in the modulation of the ECS using experimental models through different strategies including the direct targeting of cannabinoid receptors with agonists or antagonists, increasing the endocannabinoid tone by the inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis, and activation of cannabinoid receptor-independent effects. Preclinical evidence indicates that cannabinoid pharmacology is complex but supports the therapeutic potential of targeting the ECS. Third, we review the clinical evidence and discuss the future perspectives on how to bridge human and animal studies to develop cannabinoid-based therapies for each neurodegenerative disorder. Finally, we summarize the most relevant opportunities of cannabinoid pharmacology related to each disease and the multiple unexplored pathways in cannabinoid pharmacology that could be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Aymerich
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Programa de Neurociencias, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain.
| | - Ester Aso
- Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Miguel A Abellanas
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Programa de Neurociencias, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tolon
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Jose A Ramos
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; IRYCIS, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Julian Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; IRYCIS, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Aracil-Fernández A, Lanciego JL, Manzanares J. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptors, and Monoacylglycerol Lipase Gene Expression Alterations in the Basal Ganglia of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:459-469. [PMID: 29352424 PMCID: PMC5935636 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in the neuropathological basis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was designed to detect potential alterations in the cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1r) and CB2 (A isoform, CB2Ar), and in monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) gene expression in the substantia nigra (SN) and putamen (PUT) of patients with PD. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to identify precise CB2r cellular localization in the SN of control and PD patients. To ensure the validity and reliability of gene expression data, the RNA integrity number (RIN) was calculated. CB1r, CB2Ar, and MAGL gene expressions were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using Taqman assays. Immunohistochemical experiments with in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) were used to detect the precise cellular localization of CB2r in neurons, astrocytes, and/or microglia. All RIN values from control and PD postmortem brain samples were > 6. CB1r gene expression was unchanged in the SN but significantly higher in the PUT of patients with PD. CB2Ar gene expression was significantly increased (4-fold) in the SN but decreased in the PUT, whereas MAGL gene expression was decreased in the SN and increased in the PUT. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CB2r co-localize with astrocytes but not with neurons or microglial cells in the SN. The results of the present study suggest that CB1r, CB2r, and MAGL are closely related to the neuropathological processes of PD. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of these targets could represent a new potential therapeutic tool for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Aracil-Fernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Lanciego
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, División de Neurociencias (CIMA-CIBERNED), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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Veyres N, Hamadjida A, Huot P. Predictive Value of Parkinsonian Primates in Pharmacologic Studies: A Comparison between the Macaque, Marmoset, and Squirrel Monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Cilia R. Molecular Imaging of the Cannabinoid System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:305-345. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Contrasting effects of selective MAGL and FAAH inhibition on dopamine depletion and GDNF expression in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 110:14-24. [PMID: 28826718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of the brain endocannabinoid system has been identified as an option to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Especially the elevation of endocannabinoid levels by inhibition of hydrolytic degradation represents a valuable approach. To evaluate whether monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) or fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition could be beneficial for PD, we examined in parallel the therapeutic potential of the highly selective MAGL inhibitor KML29 elevating 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG) levels and the highly selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 elevating anandamide (AEA) levels in a chronic methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/probenecid) mouse model of PD. Chronic administration of KML29 (10 mg/kg) but not PF-3845 (10 mg/kg) attenuated striatal MPTP/probenecid-induced dopamine depletion. Furthermore, KML29 induced an increase in Gdnf but not Bdnf expression, whereas PF-3845 decreased the MPTP/probenecid-induced Cnr2 expression without any effects on neurotrophin expression. Investigation of treatment-naïve striatal mRNA levels revealed a high presence of Gdnf and Mgll in contrast to Bdnf and Faah. Treatment of primary mouse microglia with 2-AG increased Gdnf but not Bdnf expression, suggesting that microglia might mediate the observed KML29-induced increase in Gdnf. In summary, pharmacological MAGL but not FAAH inhibition in the chronic MPTP/probenecid model attenuated the MPTP/probenecid-induced effects on striatal dopamine levels which were accompanied by an increase in 2-AG levels.
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Neurotransmission systems in Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:509-536. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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Basavarajappa BS, Shivakumar M, Joshi V, Subbanna S. Endocannabinoid system in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2017; 142:624-648. [PMID: 28608560 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by cognitive impairment and other neurological defects. The definite cause of and pathways underlying the progression of these NDDs are not well-defined. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of NDDs. These mechanisms may proceed concurrently or successively, and they differ among cell types at different developmental stages in distinct brain regions. The endocannabinoid system, which involves cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), endogenous cannabinoids and the enzymes that catabolize these compounds, has been shown to contribute to the development of NDDs in several animal models and human studies. In this review, we discuss the functions of the endocannabinoid system in NDDs and converse the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the endocannabinoid system to rescue NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balapal S Basavarajappa
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Madhu Shivakumar
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Vikram Joshi
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
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