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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Wang V, Cheng PW, Huang EYK, Ma KH, Greig NH, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Tseng KY. Serotonergic Regulation of Synaptic Dopamine Levels Mitigates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:941-964. [PMID: 38905058 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The serotonin (5-HT) system can manipulate the processing of exogenous L-DOPA in the DA-denervated striatum, resulting in the modulation of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Objective To characterize the effects of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP) or the serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor, Citalopram on L-DOPA-induced behavior, neurochemical signals, and underlying protein expressions in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Methods MitoPark (MP) mice at 20 weeks of age, subjected to a 14-day administration of L-DOPA/Carbidopa, displayed dyskinesia, referred to as LID. Subsequent investigations explored the effects of 5-HT-modifying agents, such as 5-HTP and Citalopram, on abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), locomotor activity, neurochemical signals, serotonin transporter activity, and protein expression in the DA-denervated striatum of LID MP mice. Results 5-HTP exhibited duration-dependent suppressive effects on developing and established LID, especially related to abnormal limb movements observed in L-DOPA-primed MP mice. However, Citalopram, predominantly suppressed abnormal axial movement induced by L-DOPA in LID MP mice. We demonstrated that 5-HTP could decrease L-DOPA-upregulation of DA turnover rates while concurrently upregulating 5-HT metabolism. Additionally, 5-HTP was shown to reduce the expressions of p-ERK and p-DARPP-32 in the striatum of LID MP mice. The effect of Citalopram in alleviating LID development may be attributed to downregulation of SERT activity in the dorsal striatum of LID MP mice. Conclusions While both single injection of 5-HTP and Citalopram effectively mitigated the development of LID, the difference in mitigation of AIM subtypes may be linked to the unique effects of these two serotonergic agents on L-DOPA-derived DA and 5-HT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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PT320, a Sustained-Release GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Ameliorates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054687. [PMID: 36902115 PMCID: PMC10002999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of PT320 on L-DOPA-induced dyskinetic behaviors, and neurochemistry in a progressive Parkinson's disease (PD) MitoPark mouse model. To investigate the effects of PT320 on the manifestation of dyskinesia in L-DOPA-primed mice, a clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at either 5 or 17-weeks-old mice. The early treatment group was given L-DOPA starting at 20 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated up to 22 weeks. The late treatment group was given L-DOPA starting at 28 weeks of age and longitudinally observed up to 29 weeks. To explore dopaminergic transmission, fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was utilized to measure presynaptic dopamine (DA) dynamics in striatal slices following drug treatments. Early administration of PT320 significantly mitigated the severity L-DOPA-induced abnormal involuntary movements; PT320 particularly improved excessive numbers of standing as well as abnormal paw movements, while it did not affect L-DOPA-induced locomotor hyperactivity. In contrast, late administration of PT320 did not attenuate any L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia measurements. Moreover, early treatment with PT320 was shown to not only increase tonic and phasic release of DA in striatal slices in L-DOPA-naïve MitoPark mice, but also in L-DOPA-primed animals. Early treatment with PT320 ameliorated L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in MitoPark mice, which may be related to the progressive level of DA denervation in PD.
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Tang CX, Chen J, Shao KQ, Liu YH, Zhou XY, Ma CC, Liu MT, Shi MY, Kambey PA, Wang W, Ayanlaja AA, Liu YF, Xu W, Chen G, Wu J, Li X, Gao DS. Blunt dopamine transmission due to decreased GDNF in the PFC evokes cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1107-1117. [PMID: 36255000 PMCID: PMC9827775 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the absence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor may be the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease. However, there have not been any studies conducted on the potential relationship between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease. We first performed a retrospective case-control study at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between September 2018 and January 2020 and found that a decreased serum level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor was a risk factor for cognitive disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. We then established a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and analyzed the potential relationships among glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex, dopamine transmission, and cognitive function. Our results showed that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex weakened dopamine release and transmission by upregulating the presynaptic membrane expression of the dopamine transporter, which led to the loss and primitivization of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons and cognitive impairment. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging data showed that the long-term lack of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduced the connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions, and exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor significantly improved this connectivity. These findings suggested that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex leads to neuroplastic degeneration at the level of synaptic connections and circuits, which results in cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Experinental Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Quan Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Ting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nursing Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Dian-Shuai Gao, .
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Gene-Based Therapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081790. [PMID: 35892690 PMCID: PMC9331241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that is not yet fully surmised, and it is only when such a disease is tackled on multiple levels simultaneously that we should expect to see fruitful results. Gene therapy is a modern medical practice that theoretically and, so far, practically, has demonstrated its capability in joining the battle against PD and other complex disorders on most if not all fronts. This review discusses how gene therapy can efficiently replace current forms of therapy such as drugs, personalized medicine or invasive surgery. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of enhancing delivery techniques to increase the level of transduction and control of gene expression or tissue specificity. Importantly, the results of current trials establish the safety, efficacy and applicability of gene therapy for PD. Gene therapy’s variety of potential in interfering with PD’s pathology by improving basal ganglial circuitry, enhancing dopamine synthesis, delivering neuroprotection or preventing neurodegeneration may one day achieve symptomatic benefit, disease modification and eradication.
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Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Wang V, Huang EYK, Ma KH, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Tetrabenazine Mitigates Aberrant Release and Clearance of Dopamine in the Nigrostriatal System, and Alleviates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1545-1565. [PMID: 35599497 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), occurring with aberrant processing of exogenous L-DOPA in the dopamine-denervated striatum, is a main complication of levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE To characterize the effects of the vesicular antagonist tetrabenazine (TBZ) on L-DOPA-induced behavior, neurochemical signals, and underlying protein expressions in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS 20-week-old MitoPark mice were co-treated or separately administered TBZ and L-DOPA for 14 days. Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and locomotor activity were analyzed. To explore dopamine (DA) transmission, fast scan cyclic voltammetry was used to assess presynaptic DA dynamics in striatal slices following treatments. PET imaging with 4-[18F]-PE2I, ADAM and immunoblotting assays were used to detect receptor protein changes in the DA-denervated striatum. Finally, nigrostriatal tissues were collected for HPLC measures of DA, serotonin and their metabolites. RESULTS A single injection of TBZ given in the interval between the two L-DOPA/Carbidopa treatments significantly attenuated L-DOPA-induced AIMs expression and locomotor hyperactivity. TBZ was shown to reduce tonic and phasic release of DA following L-DOPA treatment in DA-denervated striatal tissue. In the DA-depleted striatum, TBZ decreased the expression of L-DOPA-enhanced D1 receptors and the serotonin reuptake transporter. Neurochemical analysis indicated that TBZ attenuated L-DOPA-induced surges of DA levels by promoting DA turnover in the nigrostriatal system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TBZ diminishes abnormal striatal DA transmission, which involves the ability of TBZ to modulate the presymptomatic dynamics of DA, and then mitigate aberrant release of exogenous L-DOPA from nerve terminals. The results support the potential of repositioning TBZ to counteract LID development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yin Tseng
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Vicki Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang V, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Ma KH, Chou YC, Fu ZY, Lai LW, Jung J, Choi HI, Choi DS, Li Y, Olson L, Greig NH, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Sustained Release GLP-1 Agonist PT320 Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:858-869. [PMID: 33860208 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 agonists have become increasingly interesting as a new Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical treatment strategy. Additional preclinical studies are important to validate this approach and define the disease stage when they are most effective. We hence characterized the efficacy of PT320, a sustained release formulation of the long acting GLP-1 agonist, exenatide, in a progressive PD (MitoPark) mouse model. A clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at 5 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated to 24 weeks, and multiple behavioral/cellular parameters were measured. PT320 significantly improved spontaneous locomotor activity and rearing in MitoPark PD mice. "Motivated" behavior also improved, evaluated by accelerating rotarod performance. Behavioral improvement was correlated with enhanced cellular and molecular indices of dopamine (DA) midbrain function. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrated protection of striatal and nucleus accumbens DA release and reuptake in PT320 treated MitoPark mice. Positron emission tomography showed protection of striatal DA fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression was augmented by PT320 administration. Early PT320 treatment may hence provide an important neuroprotective therapeutic strategy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- National Defense Medical Center School of Public Health, Min-Chuan East Road, Sec. 6, Nei-Hu District, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Yang Fu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Lai
- Graduate Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0001, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, United States
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, United States
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4915, United States
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Sun J, Roy S. Gene-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:297-311. [PMID: 33526943 PMCID: PMC8394447 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is making a comeback. With its twin promise of targeting disease etiology and 'long-term correction', gene-based therapies (defined here as all forms of genome manipulation) are particularly appealing for neurodegenerative diseases, for which conventional pharmacologic approaches have been largely disappointing. The recent success of a viral-vector-based gene therapy in spinal muscular atrophy-promoting survival and motor function with a single intravenous injection-offers a paradigm for such therapeutic intervention and a platform to build on. Although challenges remain, the newfound optimism largely stems from advances in the development of viral vectors that can diffusely deliver genes throughout the CNS, as well as genome-engineering tools that can manipulate disease pathways in ways that were previously impossible. Surely spinal muscular atrophy cannot be the only neurodegenerative disease amenable to gene therapy, and one can imagine a future in which the toolkit of a clinician will include gene-based therapeutics. The goal of this Review is to highlight advances in the development and application of gene-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and offer a prospective look into this emerging arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Correspondence:
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Airavaara M, Parkkinen I, Konovalova J, Albert K, Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A. Back and to the Future: From Neurotoxin-Induced to Human Parkinson's Disease Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 91:e88. [PMID: 32049438 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity, and postural instability, as well as non-motor features like sleep disturbances, loss of ability to smell, depression, constipation, and pain. Motor symptoms are caused by depletion of dopamine in the striatum due to the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Approximately 10% of PD cases are familial arising from genetic mutations in α-synuclein, LRRK2, DJ-1, PINK1, parkin, and several other proteins. The majority of PD cases are, however, idiopathic, i.e., having no clear etiology. PD is characterized by progressive accumulation of insoluble inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, mostly composed of α-synuclein and membrane components. The cause of PD is currently attributed to cellular proteostasis deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are likely interdependent. In addition, neuroinflammation is present in brains of PD patients, but whether it is the cause or consequence of neurodegeneration remains to be studied. Rodents do not develop PD or PD-like motor symptoms spontaneously; however, neurotoxins, genetic mutations, viral vector-mediated transgene expression and, recently, injections of misfolded α-synuclein have been successfully utilized to model certain aspects of the disease. Here, we critically review the advantages and drawbacks of rodent PD models and discuss approaches to advance pre-clinical PD research towards successful disease-modifying therapy. © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Konovalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrina Albert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Chen YH, Wang V, Huang EYK, Chou YC, Kuo TT, Olson L, Hoffer BJ. Delayed Dopamine Dysfunction and Motor Deficits in Female Parkinson Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246251. [PMID: 31835787 PMCID: PMC6940785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed gender differences in the progressive dopamine (DA) deficiency phenotype in the MitoPark (MP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with progressive loss of DA release and reuptake in midbrain DA pathways. We found that the progressive loss of these DA presynaptic parameters begins significantly earlier in male than female MP mice. This was correlated with behavioral gender differences of both forced and spontaneous motor behavior. The degeneration of the nigrostriatal DA system in MP mice is earlier and more marked than that of the mesolimbic DA system, with male MP mice again being more strongly affected than female MP mice. After ovariectomy, DA presynaptic and behavioral changes in female mice become very similar to those of male animals. Our results suggest that estrogen, either directly or indirectly, is neuroprotective in the midbrain DA system. Our results are compatible with epidemiological data on incidence and symptom progression in PD, showing that men are more strongly affected than women at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (B.J.H.)
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Chen YH, Hsieh TH, Kuo TT, Kao JH, Ma KH, Huang EYK, Chou YC, Olson L, Hoffer BJ. Release parameters during progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons in a mouse model reveal earlier impairment of spontaneous than forced behaviors. J Neurochem 2019; 150:56-73. [PMID: 30933310 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the role of reduced dopaminergic transmission for declines of forced versus spontaneous behavior, we used a model of Parkinson's disease with progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons, the MitoPark mouse. Mice were subjected to rotarod tests of motor coordination, and open field and cylinder tests for spontaneous locomotor activity and postural axial support. To measure DA release in dorsal striatum and the shell of Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), we used ex vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in 6- to 24-week-old mice. To determine decline of DA transporter function, we used 18FE-PE2I positron emission tomography. We show here that fast-scan cyclic voltammetry is a sensitive tool to detect evoked DA release dysfunction in MitoPark mice and that electrically evoked DA release is affected earlier in nigrostriatal than mesolimbic DA systems. DA reuptake was also affected more slowly in NAc shell. Positron emission tomography data showed DA uptake to be barely above detection levels in 16- and 20-week-old MitoPark mice. Rotarod performance was not impaired until mice were 16 weeks old, when evoked DA release in striatum had decreased to ≈ 40% of wild-type levels. In contrast, impairment of open field locomotion and rearing began at 10 weeks, in parallel with the initial modest decline of evoked DA release. We conclude that forced behaviors, such as motivation not to fall, can be partially maintained even when DA release is severely compromised, whereas spontaneous behaviors are much more sensitive to impaired DA release, and that presumed secondary non-dopaminergic system alterations do not markedly counteract or aggravate effects of severe impairment of DA release. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Natl Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, Natl Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hsin Kao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Natl Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, Natl Defense Medical Center, Tapipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Natl Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, Natl Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Du Y, Graves SM. Spiny Projection Neuron Dynamics in Toxin and Transgenic Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:17. [PMID: 30930753 PMCID: PMC6428770 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine (DA) neurons. As a consequence of SNc degeneration, the striatum undergoes DA depletion causing the emergence of motor symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. The primary cell type in the striatum is the spiny projection neuron (SPN), which can be divided into two subpopulations, the direct and indirect pathway; the direct pathway innervates the substantia nigra pars reticulata and internal segment of the globus pallidus whereas the indirect pathway innervates the external segment of the globus pallidus. Proper control of movement requires a delicate balance between the two pathways; in PD dysfunction occurs in both cell types and impairments in synaptic plasticity are found in transgenic and toxin rodent models of PD. However, it is difficult to ascertain how the striatum adapts during different stages of PD, particularly during premotor stages. In the natural evolution of PD, patients experience years of degeneration before motor symptoms arise. To model premotor PD, partial lesion rodents and transgenic mice demonstrating progressive nigral degeneration have been and will continue to be assets to the field. Although, rodent models emulating premotor PD are not fully asymptomatic; modest reductions in striatal DA result in cognitive impairments. This mini review article gives a brief summary of SPN dynamics in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Nagarajan N, Jones BW, West PJ, Marc RE, Capecchi MR. Corticostriatal circuit defects in Hoxb8 mutant mice. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1868-1877. [PMID: 28948967 PMCID: PMC5970001 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hoxb8 mutant mice exhibit compulsive grooming and hair removal dysfunction similar to humans with the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-spectrum disorder, trichotillomania. As, in the mouse brain, the only detectable cells that label with Hoxb8 cell lineage appear to be microglia, we suggested that defective microglia cause the neuropsychiatric disorder. Does the Hoxb8 mutation in microglia lead to neural circuit dysfunctions? We demonstrate that Hoxb8 mutants contain corticostriatal circuit defects. Golgi staining, ultra-structural and electrophysiological studies of mutants reveal excess dendritic spines, pre- and postsynaptic structural defects, long-term potentiation and miniature postsynaptic current defects. Hoxb8 mutants also exhibit hyperanxiety and social behavioral deficits similar to mice with neuronal mutations in Sapap3, Slitrk5 and Shank3, reported models of OCD and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Long-term treatment of Hoxb8 mutants with fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, reduces excessive grooming, hyperanxiety and social behavioral impairments. These studies provide linkage between the neuronal defects induced by defective Hoxb8-microglia and neuronal dysfunctions directly generated by mutations in synaptic components that result in mice, which display similar pathological grooming, hyperanxiety and social impairment deficits. Our results shed light on Hoxb8 microglia-driven circuit-specific defects and therapeutic approaches that will become essential to developing novel therapies for neuropsychiatric diseases such as OCD and ASDs with Hoxb8-microglia being the central target.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagarajan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - B W Jones
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - P J West
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R E Marc
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - M R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA.
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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Hoffer BJ, Kao JH, Chou YC, Chiang YH, Miller J. Nicotine-Induced Conditional Place Preference Is Affected by Head Injury: Correlation with Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:949-961. [PMID: 29905798 PMCID: PMC6165954 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury is known to impact dopamine-mediated reward pathways, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully established. METHODS Nicotine-induced conditional place preference was used to study rats exposed to a 6-psi fluid percussion injury with and without prior exposure to nicotine. Preference was quantified as a score defined as (C1 - C2) / (C1 + C2), where C1 is time in the nicotine-paired compartment and C2 is time in the saline-paired compartment. Subsequent fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to analyze the impact of nicotine infusion on dopamine release in the shell portion of the nucleus accumbens. To further determine the influence of brain injury on nicotine withdrawal, nicotine infusion was administered to the rats after fluid percussion injury. The effects of fluid percussion injury on conditional place preference after prior exposure to nicotine and abstinence or withdrawal from nicotine were also assessed. RESULTS After traumatic brain injury, dopamine release was reduced in the nucleus accumbens shell, and nicotine-induced conditional place preference preference was significantly impaired. Preference scores of control, sham-injured, and fluid percussion injury groups were 0.1627±0.04204, 0.1515±0.03806, and -0.001300±0.04286, respectively. Nicotine-induced conditional place preference was also seen in animals after nicotine pretreatment, with a conditional place preference score of 0.07805±0.02838. Nicotine preexposure substantially increased tonic dopamine release in sham-injured animals, but it did not change phasic release; nicotine exposure after fluid percussion injury enhanced phasic release, though not to the same levels seen in sham-injured rats. Conditioned preference was related not only to phasic dopamine release (r=0.8110) but also to the difference between tonic and phasic dopamine levels (r=0.9521). CONCLUSIONS Traumatic brain injury suppresses dopamine release from the shell portion of the nucleus accumbens, which in turn significantly alters reward-seeking behavior. These results have important implications for tobacco and drug use after traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C,Correspondence: Yuan-Hao Chen, MD, PhD, 4F, No. 325, 2nd Sec., Cheng-Kung Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C.()
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C,Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jen-Hsin Kao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chen YH, Lin BJ, Hsieh TH, Kuo TT, Miller J, Chou YC, Huang EYK, Hoffer BJ. Differences in Nicotine Encoding Dopamine Release between the Striatum and Shell Portion of the Nucleus Accumbens. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:248-261. [PMID: 29807460 PMCID: PMC6425113 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718775382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of nicotine desensitization on dopamine (DA) release in the dorsal striatum and shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) from brain slices. In vitro fast-scan cyclic voltammetry analysis was used to evaluate dopamine release in the dorsal striatum and the NAc shell of Sprague–Dawley rats after infusion of nicotine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (Mec), and an α4β2 cholinergic receptor antagonist (DHβe). DA release related to nicotine desensitization in the striatum and NAc shell was compared. In both structures, tonic release was suppressed by inhibition of the nicotine receptor (via Mec) and the α4β2 receptor (via DHβe). Paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was facilitated in both structures after nicotine and Mec infusion, and this facilitation was suppressed by increasing the stimulation interval. After variable frequency stimulation (simulating phasic burst), nicotine infusion induced significant augmentation of DA release in the striatum that was not seen in the absence of nicotine. In contrast, nicotine reduced phasic DA release in NAc, although frequency augmentation was seen both with and without nicotine. Evaluation of DA release evoked by various trains (high-frequency stimulation (HFS) 100 Hz) of high-frequency stimulation revealed significant enhancement after a train of three or more pulses in the striatum and NAc. The concentration differences between tonic and phasic release related to nicotine desensitization were more pronounced in the NAc shell. Nicotine desensitization is associated with suppression of tonic release of DA in both the striatum and NAc shell that may occur via the α4β2 subtype of nAChR, whereas phasic frequency-dependent augmentation and HFS-related gating release is more pronounced in the striatum than in the NAc shell. Differences between phasic and tonic release associated with nicotine desensitization may underlie processing of reward signals in the NAc shell, and this may have major implications for addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bon-Jour Lin
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- 2 Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,3 Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- 4 Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Miller
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- 6 School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- 7 Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Kao JH, Huang EYK, Hsieh TH, Chou YC, Hoffer BJ. Exercise Ameliorates Motor Deficits and Improves Dopaminergic Functions in the Rat Hemi-Parkinson's Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3973. [PMID: 29507426 PMCID: PMC5838260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the influences of exercise on motor deficits and dopaminergic transmission in a hemiparkinson animal model, we measured the effects of exercise on the ambulatory system by estimating spatio-temporal parameters during walking, striatal dopamine (DA) release and reuptake and synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway after unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. 6-OHDA lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats were exercised on a fixed speed treadmill for 30 minutes per day. Controls received the same lesion but no exercise. Animals were subsequently analyzed for behavior including gait analysis, rotarod performance and apomorphine induced rotation. Subsequently, in vitro striatal dopamine release was analyzed by using FSCV and activity-dependent plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway was measured in each group. Our data indicated that exercise could improve motor walking speed and increase the apomorphine-induced rotation threshold. Exercise also ameliorated spatiotemporal impairments in gait in PD animals. Exercise increased the parameters of synaptic plasticity formation in the corticostriatal pathway of PD animals as well as the dynamics of dopamine transmission in PD animals. Fixed speed treadmill training 30 minutes per day could ameliorate spatial-temporal gait impairment, improve walking speed, dopamine transmission as well as corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in the unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C..
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hsin Kao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Chen YH, Kuo TT, Yi-Kung Huang E, Chou YC, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ, Miller J. Effect of traumatic brain injury on nicotine-induced modulation of dopamine release in the striatum and nucleus accumbens shell. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515787 PMCID: PMC5839368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury is associated with substantial alterations in reward processing, but underlying mechanisms are controversial. Objective A better understanding of alterations in dopamine (DA) release patterns from the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens shell (NAc) may provide insights into posttraumatic reward pathology. Materials and Methods The patterns of DA release with or without exposure to nicotine in brain slices with striatum and NAc, isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats with 6 psi fluid percussion (FPI) or sham injury were analysis by using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Tonic and phasic DA releases were assessed using single pulse and 10 pulses at 25 Hz, respectively. DA release relative to stimulation intensity, frequency, number of pulses, and paired-pulse facilitation was evaluated to determine release probability and response to bursting. Results There was a profound suppression in tonic DA release after nicotine desensitization after FPI, and the input/output curve for the DA release based on stimulation intensity was shifted to the right. FPI was associated with a significant decrease in frequency-dependent DA release augmentation, DA release induced by high frequency stimulation trains, and DA release in response to paired-pulse facilitation. The effect of nicotine desensitization was similar in FPI and sham-injured animals, although significantly smaller after FPI. Nicotine desensitization–induced differences between phasic and tonic release concentrations that contrasted with the reward-related signals then became less prominent in NAc after FPI. Conclusions TBI blunts DA release from mesolimbic reward centers, and more intense stimuli are required to produce context-dependent DA release sufficient to have a physiological effect. Implications The nicotine desensitization-related suppression in tonic DA release was profound with right-ward shift of the input/output curve for DA release after FPI. FPI was associated with a significant decrease in frequency-dependent DA release augmentation, DA release induced by high frequency stimulation trains, and DA release in response to paired-pulse facilitation. Nicotine desensitization–induced differences between phasic and tonic release concentrations that contrasted with the reward-related signals then became less prominent in NAc after FPI. TBI thus blunts DA release from mesolimbic reward centers, and more intense stimuli are required to produce context-dependent DA release sufficient to have a physiological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathon Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Profound deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity after traumatic brain injury and seizure is ameliorated by prophylactic levetiracetam. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11515-11527. [PMID: 29545916 PMCID: PMC5837755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the precise effects of post-traumatic seizure activity on hippocampal processes, we induced seizures at various intervals after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and analyzed plasticity at CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses. Material and Methods Rats were initially separated into two groups; one exposed solely to fluid percussion injury (FPI) at 2 Psi and the other only receiving kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures without FPI. Electrophysiological (ePhys) studies including paired-pulse stimulation for short-term presynaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP) of CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses of the hippocampus for post-synaptic function survey were followed at post-event 1 hour, 3 and 7 days respectively. Additional rats were exposed to three seizures at weekly intervals starting 1 week or 2 weeks after TBI and compared with seizures without TBI, TBI without seizures, and uninjured animals. An additional group placed under the same control variables were treated with levetiracetam prior to seizure induction. The ePhys studies related to post-TBI induced seizures were also followed in these additional groups. Results Seizures affected the short- and long-term synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway. FPI itself suppressed LTP and field excitatory post synaptic potentials (fEPSP) in the CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses; KA-induced seizures that followed FPI further suppressed synaptic plasticity. The impairments in both short-term presynaptic and long-term plasticity were worse in the rats in which early post-TBI seizures were induced than those in which later post-TBI seizures were induced. Finally, prophylactic infusion of levetiracetam for one week after FPI reduced the synaptic plasticity deficits in early post-TBI seizure animals. Conclusion Our data indicates that synaptic plasticity (i.e., both presynaptic and postsynaptic) suppression occurs in TBI followed by a seizure and that the interval between the TBI and seizure is an important factor in the severity of the resulting deficits. Furthermore, the infusion of prophylactic levetiracetam could partially reverse the suppression of synaptic plasticity.
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Axelsen TM, Woldbye DP. Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease, An Update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:195-215. [PMID: 29710735 PMCID: PMC6027861 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current mainstay treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of dopamine replacement therapy which, in addition to causing several side effects, does not delay disease progression. The field of gene therapy offers a potential means to improve current therapy. The present review gives an update of the present status of gene therapy for PD. Both non-disease and disease modifying transgenes have been tested for PD gene therapy in animal and human studies. Non-disease modifying treatments targeting dopamine or GABA synthesis have been successful and promising at improving PD symptomatology in randomized clinical studies, but substantial testing remains before these can be implemented in the standard clinical treatment repertoire. As for disease modifying targets that theoretically offer the possibility of slowing the progression of disease, several neurotrophic factors show encouraging results in preclinical models (e.g., neurturin, GDNF, BDNF, CDNF, VEGF-A). However, so far, clinical trials have only tested neurturin, and, unfortunately, no trial has been able to meet its primary endpoint. Future clinical trials with neurotrophic factors clearly deserve to be conducted, considering the still enticing goal of actually slowing the disease process of PD. As alternative types of gene therapy, opto- and chemogenetics might also find future use in PD treatment and novel genome-editing technology could also potentially be applied as individualized gene therapy for genetic types of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Axelsen
- Department of Neurology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David P.D. Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, Mærsk Tower, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Chen YH, Huang EYK, Kuo TT, Hoffer BJ, Miller J, Chou YC, Chiang YH. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is altered following traumatic brain injury. Neuroscience 2017; 348:180-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Albert K, Voutilainen MH, Domanskyi A, Airavaara M. AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Delivery to Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons: Implications for Gene Therapy and Disease Models. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020063. [PMID: 28208742 PMCID: PMC5333052 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is a widely used method to transduce neurons in the brain, especially due to its safety, efficacy, and long-lasting expression. In addition, by varying AAV serotype, promotor, and titer, it is possible to affect the cell specificity of expression or the expression levels of the protein of interest. Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra projecting to the striatum, comprising the nigrostriatal pathway, are involved in movement control and degenerate in Parkinson’s disease. AAV-based gene targeting to the projection area of these neurons in the striatum has been studied extensively to induce the production of neurotrophic factors for disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Much less emphasis has been put on AAV-based gene therapy targeting dopamine neurons in substantia nigra. We will review the literature related to targeting striatum and/or substantia nigra dopamine neurons using AAVs in order to express neuroprotective and neurorestorative molecules, as well as produce animal disease models of Parkinson’s disease. We discuss difficulties in targeting substantia nigra dopamine neurons and their vulnerability to stress in general. Therefore, choosing a proper control for experimental work is not trivial. Since the axons along the nigrostriatal tract are the first to degenerate in Parkinson’s disease, the location to deliver the therapy must be carefully considered. We also review studies using AAV-α-synuclein (α-syn) to target substantia nigra dopamine neurons to produce an α-syn overexpression disease model in rats. Though these studies are able to produce mild dopamine system degeneration in the striatum and substantia nigra and some behavioural effects, there are studies pointing to the toxicity of AAV-carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is often used as a control. Therefore, we discuss the potential difficulties in overexpressing proteins in general in the substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Albert
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Shadfar S, Kim YG, Katila N, Neupane S, Ojha U, Bhurtel S, Srivastav S, Jeong GS, Park PH, Hong JT, Choi DY. Neuroprotective Effects of Antidepressants via Upregulation of Neurotrophic Factors in the MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:554-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hoffman AF, Spivak CE, Lupica CR. Enhanced Dopamine Release by Dopamine Transport Inhibitors Described by a Restricted Diffusion Model and Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:700-9. [PMID: 27018734 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) using carbon fiber electrodes is widely used to rapidly monitor changes in dopamine (DA) levels in vitro and in vivo. Current analytical approaches utilize parameters such as peak oxidation current amplitude and decay times to estimate release and uptake processes, respectively. However, peak amplitude changes are often observed with uptake inhibitors, thereby confounding the interpretation of these parameters. To overcome this limitation, we demonstrate that a simple five-parameter, two-compartment model mathematically describes DA signals as a balance of release (r/ke) and uptake (ku), summed with adsorption (kads and kdes) of DA to the carbon electrode surface. Using nonlinear regression, we demonstrate that our model precisely describes measured DA signals obtained in brain slice recordings. The parameters extracted from these curves were then validated using pharmacological manipulations that selectively alter vesicular release or DA transporter (DAT)-mediated uptake. Manipulation of DA release through altering the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio or adding tetrodotoxin reduced the release parameter with no effect on the uptake parameter. DAT inhibitors methylenedioxypyrovalerone, cocaine, and nomifensine significantly reduced uptake and increased vesicular DA release. In contrast, a low concentration of amphetamine reduced uptake but had no effect on DA release. Finally, the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 significantly reduced vesicular DA release but had no effect on uptake. Together, these data demonstrate a novel analytical approach to distinguish the effects of manipulations on DA release or uptake that can be used to interpret FSCV data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Charles E. Spivak
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Carl R. Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research
Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Chen YH, Huang EYK, Kuo TT, Ma HI, Hoffer BJ, Tsui PF, Tsai JJ, Chou YC, Chiang YH. Dopamine Release Impairment in Striatum after Different Levels of Cerebral Cortical Fluid Percussion Injury. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2113-28. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of dopamine release in cognitive impairment and motor learning deficits after brain injury, different levels of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were made in rats by using fluid percussion at two different atmospheres (2 Psi and 6 Psi). Tonic and phasic bursting dopamine release and behavior tests followed at several time points. We used in vitro fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to survey dopamine release in the striatum and analyzed the rats’ behavior using novel object recognition (NOR) and rotarod tests. Both tonic and bursting dopamine release were greatly depressed in the severely (6 Psi) injured group, which persisted up to 8 weeks later. However, in the 2 Psi-injured group, the suppression of bursting dopamine release occurred at 1~2 weeks after injury, but there were no significant differences after 4 weeks. Tonic dopamine release was also diminished significantly at 1~2 weeks after the injury; partial recovery could then be seen 4 weeks after injury. A significant deficiency in the fixed speed rotarod test and NOR test were noted in both 2 Psi and 6 Psi groups initially; however, the changes recovered in the 2 Psi group 2 weeks after injury while persisting in the 6 Psi group. In conclusion, striatal evoked dopamine release was affected by fluid percussion injury, with behavioral deficits showing differences as a function of injury severity. The severe fluid percussion injury (6 Psi) group showed more dopamine release defects, as well as cognitive and motor deficiencies. Recovery of dopamine release and improvement in behavioral impairment were better in the mild TBI group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Jr Tsai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Huang EYK, Tsai TH, Kuo TT, Tsai JJ, Tsui PF, Chou YC, Ma HI, Chiang YH, Chen YH. Remote effects on the striatal dopamine system after fluid percussion injury. Behav Brain Res 2014; 267:156-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sarkar S, Raymick J, Schmued LC. The use of recently developed histochemical markers for localizing neurotoxicant induced regional brain pathologies. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1453-70. [PMID: 24763333 PMCID: PMC4014745 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal and vascular brain components are interrelated morphologically, physiologically and developmentally. Due to this close interrelationship, it is often difficult to understand the cause and effect relationship between neuronal vs. vascular dysfunction and pathology. This review will discuss four of the more promising recent developments for detecting vascular pathology, and will compare them with the labeling pattern seen with markers of glial and neuronal pathology; following exposure to well characterized neurotoxicants. To detect the vascular dysfunction in the brain, we recently developed a Fluoro-Turquoise gelatin conjugate (FT-gel), a fluorescent probe that helps to delineate between healthy vs. sclerotic vessels. Similarly, we have investigated the potential for Fluoro-Gold to label in vivo all the endothelial cells in the brain as they co-localize with RECA, an endothelial cell marker. We have also developed Amylo-Glo, a fluorescent tracer that can detect neurotoxic A-beta aggregates in the brain. In this article, we will discuss the potential use of these novel histochemical markers to study the neurotoxicant induced brain. We will also discuss neurovascular strategies that may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - James Raymick
- Toxicology Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Larry C Schmued
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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Taar1-mediated modulation of presynaptic dopaminergic neurotransmission: role of D2 dopamine autoreceptors. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:283-91. [PMID: 24565640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in several mammalian brain areas and activated by "trace amines" (TAs). TAs role is unknown; however, discovery of their receptors provided an opportunity to investigate their functions. In vivo evidence has indicated an inhibitory influence of TAAR1 on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, presumably via modulation of dopamine transporter (DAT) or interaction with the D2 DA receptor and/or activation of inwardly rectifying K(+) channels. To elucidate the mechanisms of TAAR1-dependent modulation, we used TAAR1 knockout mice (TAAR1-KO), a TAAR1 agonist (RO5166017) and a TAAR1 antagonist (EPPTB) in a set of neurochemical experiments. Analysis of the tissue content of TAAR1-KO revealed increased level of the DA metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), and in vivo microdialysis showed increased extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of TAAR1-KO. In fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) experiments, the evoked DA release was higher in the TAAR1-KO NAcc. Furthermore, the agonist RO5166017 induced a decrease in the DA release in wild-type that could be prevented by the application of the TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB. No alterations in DA clearance, which are mediated by the DAT, were observed. To evaluate the interaction between TAAR1 and D2 autoreceptors, we tested the autoreceptor-mediated dynamics. Only in wild type mice, the TAAR1 agonist was able to potentiate quinpirole-induced inhibitory effect on DA release. Furthermore, the short-term plasticity of DA release following paired pulses was decreased in TAAR1-KO, indicating less autoinhibition of D2 autoreceptors. These observations suggest a close interaction between TAAR1 and the D2 autoreceptor regulation.
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Huang EYK, Tsui PF, Kuo TT, Tsai JJ, Chou YC, Ma HI, Chiang YH, Chen YH. Amantadine ameliorates dopamine-releasing deficits and behavioral deficits in rats after fluid percussion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86354. [PMID: 24497943 PMCID: PMC3907421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the role of dopamine in cognitive and motor learning skill deficits after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), we investigated dopamine release and behavioral changes at a series of time points after fluid percussion injury, and explored the potential of amantadine hydrochloride as a chronic treatment to provide behavioral recovery. Materials and Methods In this study, we sequentially investigated dopamine release at the striatum and behavioral changes at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after fluid percussion injury. Rats subjected to 6-Pa cerebral cortical fluid percussion injury were treated by using subcutaneous infusion pumps filled with either saline (sham group) or amantadine hydrochloride, with a releasing rate of 3.6mg/kg/hour for 8 weeks. The dopamine-releasing conditions and metabolism were analyzed sequentially by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Novel object recognition (NOR) and fixed-speed rotarod (FSRR) behavioral tests were used to determine treatment effects on cognitive and motor deficits after injury. Results Sequential dopamine-release deficits were revealed in 6-Pa-fluid-percussion cerebral cortical injured animals. The reuptake rate (tau value) of dopamine in injured animals was prolonged, but the tau value became close to the value for the control group after amantadine therapy. Cognitive and motor learning impairments were shown evidenced by the NOR and FSRR behavioral tests after injury. Chronic amantadine therapy reversed dopamine-release deficits, and behavioral impairment after fluid percussion injuries were ameliorated in the rats treated by using amantadine-pumping infusion. Conclusion Chronic treatment with amantadine hydrochloride can ameliorate dopamine-release deficits as well as cognitive and motor deficits caused by cerebral fluid-percussion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pi-Fen Tsui
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jr. Tsai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, the PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Sarkar S, Raymick J, Paule MG, Schmued L. In situ demonstration of Fluoro-Turquoise conjugated gelatin for visualizing brain vasculature and endothelial cells and their characterization in normal and kainic acid exposed animals. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 219:276-84. [PMID: 23954779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a new method for the visualization of the vasculature lumen and endothelial cells and characterizes their morphology in the brains of normal and kainic acid (KA) treated rats. Herein, labeling was accomplished using Fluoro-Turquoise (FT), a novel reactive blue fluorochrome conjugated to gelatin. Strong blue fluorescence was observed throughout the brain vasculature following intra-cardiac perfusion with FT-gel in normal animals. However, in the brains of KA treated rats (hippocampus, midline and ventral thalamus, piriform cortex), the vascular lumen was typically constricted, sclerotic and only faintly stained. The advantages of FT-gel over other markers can be attributed to its unique chemical and spectral properties. Specifically, Fluoro-Turquoise is a very bright blue UV excitable dye that does not bleed through when visualized using other filters, making it ideal for multiple immunofluorescent labeling studies. Its brightness at low magnification also makes it ideal for low magnification whole brain imaging. Compared to alternative techniques for visualizing blood vessels, such as India ink, fluorescent dye-conjugated dextran, the corrosion technique, endothelial cell markers and lectins, the present method results in excellent visualization of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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29
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Intrastriatal gene delivery of GDNF persistently attenuates methamphetamine self-administration and relapse in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1559-67. [PMID: 23432945 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse of drug abuse after abstinence is a major challenge to the treatment of addicts. In our well-established mouse models of methamphetamine (Meth) self-administration and reinstatement, bilateral microinjection of adeno-associated virus vectors expressing GDNF (AAV-Gdnf) into the striatum significantly reduced Meth self-administration, without affecting locomotor activity. Moreover, the intrastriatal AAV-Gdnf attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of Meth-seeking behaviour in a sustainable manner. In addition, this manipulation showed that Meth-primed reinstatement of Meth-seeking behaviour was reduced. These findings suggest that the AAV vector-mediated Gdnf gene transfer into the striatum is an effective and sustainable approach to attenuate Meth self-administration and Meth-associated cue-induced relapsing behaviour and that the AAV-mediated Gdnf gene transfer in the brain may be a valuable gene therapy against drug dependence and protracted relapse in clinical settings.
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Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, Thorndike EB, Hoffman AF, Holy M, Rothman RB, Goldberg SR, Lupica CR, Sitte HH, Brandt SD, Tella SR, Cozzi NV, Schindler CW. Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive 'bath salts' products. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:552-62. [PMID: 23072836 PMCID: PMC3572453 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of psychoactive 'bath salts' containing cathinones such as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a growing public health concern, yet little is known about their pharmacology. Here, we evaluated the effects of MDPV and related drugs using molecular, cellular, and whole-animal methods. In vitro transporter assays were performed in rat brain synaptosomes and in cells expressing human transporters, while clearance of endogenous dopamine was measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in mouse striatal slices. Assessments of in vivo neurochemistry, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular parameters were carried out in rats. We found that MDPV blocks uptake of [(3)H]dopamine (IC(50)=4.1 nM) and [(3)H]norepinephrine (IC(50)=26 nM) with high potency but has weak effects on uptake of [(3)H]serotonin (IC(50)=3349 nM). In contrast to other psychoactive cathinones (eg, mephedrone), MDPV is not a transporter substrate. The clearance of endogenous dopamine is inhibited by MDPV and cocaine in a similar manner, but MDPV displays greater potency and efficacy. Consistent with in vitro findings, MDPV (0.1-0.3 mg/kg, intravenous) increases extracellular concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Additionally, MDPV (0.1-3.0 mg/kg, subcutaneous) is at least 10 times more potent than cocaine at producing locomotor activation, tachycardia, and hypertension in rats. Our data show that MDPV is a monoamine transporter blocker with increased potency and selectivity for catecholamines when compared with cocaine. The robust stimulation of dopamine transmission by MDPV predicts serious potential for abuse and may provide a mechanism to explain the adverse effects observed in humans taking high doses of 'bath salts' preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Baumann
- Medicinal Chemistry Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - John S Partilla
- Medicinal Chemistry Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kurt R Lehner
- Medicinal Chemistry Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric B Thorndike
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marion Holy
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard B Rothman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Goldberg
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon D Brandt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Srihari R Tella
- Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas V Cozzi
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles W Schindler
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section of the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sterky FH, Pernold K, Harvey BK, Lindqvist E, Hoffer BJ, Olson L. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor partially ameliorates motor symptoms without slowing neurodegeneration in mice with respiratory chain-deficient dopamine neurons. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1529-39. [PMID: 23051605 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons causes the striatal dopamine deficiency responsible for the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intraparenchymal delivery of neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), is a possible future therapeutic approach. In animal PD models, GDNF can both ameliorate neurodegeneration and promote recovery of the dopamine system following a toxic insult. However, clinical studies have generated mixed results, and GDNF has not been efficacious in genetic animal models based on α-synuclein overexpression. We have tested the response to GDNF in a genetic mouse PD model with progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons caused by mitochondrial impairment. We find that GDNF, delivered to the striatum by either an adeno-associated virus or via miniosmotic pumps, partially alleviates the progressive motor symptoms without modifying the rate of neurodegeneration. These behavioral changes are accompanied by increased levels of dopamine in the midbrain, but not in striatum. At high levels, GDNF may instead reduce striatal dopamine levels. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of GDNF in a progressively impaired dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik H Sterky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Diaz-Ruiz O, Zhang Y, Shan L, Malik N, Hoffman AF, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL, Lupica CR, Tagliaferro A, Brusco A, Bäckman CM. Attenuated response to methamphetamine sensitization and deficits in motor learning and memory after selective deletion of β-catenin in dopamine neurons. Learn Mem 2012; 19:341-50. [PMID: 22822182 DOI: 10.1101/lm.026716.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed mice with a targeted deletion of β-catenin in DA neurons (DA-βcat KO mice) to address the functional significance of this molecule in the shaping of synaptic responses associated with motor learning and following exposure to drugs of abuse. Relative to controls, DA-βcat KO mice showed significant deficits in their ability to form long-term memories and displayed reduced expression of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization after subsequent challenge doses with this drug, suggesting that motor learning and drug-induced learning plasticity are altered in these mice. Morphological analyses showed no changes in the number or distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-labeled neurons in the ventral midbrain. While electrochemical measurements in the striatum determined no changes in acute DA release and uptake, a small but significant decrease in DA release was detected in mutant animals after prolonged repetitive stimulation, suggesting a possible deficit in the DA neurotransmitter vesicle reserve pool. However, electron microscopy analyses did not reveal significant differences in the content of synaptic vesicles per terminal, and striatal DA levels were unchanged in DA-βcat KO animals. In contrast, striatal mRNA levels for several markers known to regulate synaptic plasticity and DA neurotransmission were altered in DA-βcat KO mice. This study demonstrates that ablation of β-catenin in DA neurons leads to alterations of motor and reward-associated memories and to adaptations of the DA neurotransmitter system and suggests that β-catenin signaling in DA neurons is required to facilitate the synaptic remodeling underlying the consolidation of long-term memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Diaz-Ruiz
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Kansara S, Trivedi A, Chen S, Jankovic J, Le W. Early diagnosis and therapy of Parkinson’s disease: can disease progression be curbed? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:197-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Airavaara M, Harvey BK, Voutilainen MH, Shen H, Chou J, Lindholm P, Lindahl M, Tuominen RK, Saarma M, Hoffer B, Wang Y. CDNF protects the nigrostriatal dopamine system and promotes recovery after MPTP treatment in mice. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:1213-23. [PMID: 21943517 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x600948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a recently discovered protein, which belongs to the evolutionarily conserved CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors. The degeneration of dopamine neurons following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment is well characterized, and efficacy in this model is considered a standard criterion for development of parkinsonian therapies. MPTP is a neurotoxin, which produces parkinsonian symptoms in humans and in C57/Bl6 mice. To date, there are no reports about the effects of CDNF on dopamine neuron survival or function in the MPTP rodent model, a critical gap. Therefore, we studied whether CDNF has neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties for the nigrostriatal dopamine system after MPTP injections in C57/Bl6 mice. We found that bilateral striatal CDNF injections, given 20 h before MPTP, improved horizontal and vertical motor behavior. CDNF pretreatment increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum and in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr), as well as the number of TH-positive cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Posttreatment with CDNF, given 1 week after MPTP injections, increased horizontal and vertical motor behavior of mice, as well as dopamine fiber densities in the striatum and the number of TH-positive cells in SNpc. CDNF did not alter any of the analyzed dopaminergic biomarkers or locomotor behavior in MPTP-untreated animals. We conclude that striatal CDNF administration is both neuroprotective and neurorestorative for the TH-positive cells in the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the MPTP model, which supports the development of CDNF-based treatment for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Airavaara
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Dried peel fraction of Citrus sinensis partially reverses pathological changes in rat model of liver cirrhosis. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-010-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Good CH, Hoffman AF, Hoffer BJ, Chefer VI, Shippenberg TS, Bäckman CM, Larsson NG, Olson L, Gellhaar S, Galter D, Lupica CR. Impaired nigrostriatal function precedes behavioral deficits in a genetic mitochondrial model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J 2011; 25:1333-44. [PMID: 21233488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-173625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) involves progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons over an extended period of time. Mitochondrial damage may lead to PD, and neurotoxins affecting mitochondria are widely used to produce degeneration of the nigrostriatal circuitry. Deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene (Tfam) in C57BL6 mouse DA neurons leads to a slowly progressing parkinsonian phenotype in which motor impairment is first observed at ~12 wk of age. L-DOPA treatment improves motor dysfunction in these "MitoPark" mice, but this declines when DA neuron loss is more complete. To investigate early neurobiological events potentially contributing to PD, we compared the neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the nigrostriatal circuit in behaviorally asymptomatic 6- to 8-wk-old MitoPark mice and age-matched control littermates. Release, but not uptake of DA, was impaired in MitoPark mouse striatal brain slices, and nigral DA neurons lacked characteristic pacemaker activity compared with control mice. Also, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channel function was reduced in MitoPark DA neurons, although HCN messenger RNA was unchanged. This study demonstrates altered nigrostriatal function that precedes behavioral parkinsonian symptoms in this genetic PD model. A full understanding of these presymptomatic cellular properties may lead to more effective early treatments of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H Good
- Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Luo Y, Good CH, Diaz-Ruiz O, Zhang Y, Hoffman AF, Shan L, Kuang SY, Malik N, Chefer VI, Tomac AC, Lupica CR, Bäckman CM. NMDA receptors on non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA support cocaine sensitization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12141. [PMID: 20808436 PMCID: PMC2922329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation of behavioral sensitization to cocaine and other psychomotor stimulants is thought to reflect N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuitry. The importance of drug induced NMDAR mediated adaptations in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons, and its association with drug seeking behaviors, has recently been evaluated in Cre-loxp mice lacking functional NMDARs in DA neurons expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the endogenous dopamine transporter gene (NR1(DATCre) mice). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using an additional NR1(DATCre) mouse transgenic model, we demonstrate that while the selective inactivation of NMDARs in DA neurons eliminates the induction of molecular changes leading to synaptic strengthening, behavioral measures such as cocaine induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference remain intact in NR1(DATCre) mice. Since VTA DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and amygdala express little or no detectable levels of the dopamine transporter, it has been speculated that NMDA receptors in DA neurons projecting to these brain areas may have been spared in NR1(DATCre) mice. Here we demonstrate that the NMDA receptor gene is ablated in the majority of VTA DA neurons, including those exhibiting undetectable DAT expression levels in our NR1(DATCre) transgenic model, and that application of an NMDAR antagonist within the VTA of NR1(DATCre) animals still blocks sensitization to cocaine. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results eliminate the possibility of NMDAR mediated neuroplasticity in the different DA neuronal subpopulations in our NR1(DATCre) mouse model and therefore suggest that NMDARs on non-DA neurons within the VTA must play a major role in cocaine-related addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cameron H. Good
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Oscar Diaz-Ruiz
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - YaJun Zhang
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander F. Hoffman
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lufei Shan
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Serena Y. Kuang
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nasir Malik
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Chefer
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andreas C. Tomac
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Lupica
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cristina M. Bäckman
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Wernicke C, Hellmann J, Zieba B, Kuter K, Ossowska K, Frenzel M, Dencher NA, Rommelspacher H. 9-Methyl-beta-carboline has restorative effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:35-53. [PMID: 20360614 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, a primary culture of midbrain cells was exposed to 9-methyl-beta-carboline for 48 h, which caused an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed increased transcription of genes participating in the maturation of dopaminergic neurons. These in vitro findings prompted us to investigate the restorative actions of 9-methyl-beta-carboline in vivo. The compound was delivered for 14 days into the left cerebral ventricle of rats pretreated with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) for 28 days applying a dose which lowered dopamine by approximately 50%. Interestingly, 9-methyl-beta-carboline reversed the dopamine-lowering effect of the neurotoxin in the left striatum. Stereological counts of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra revealed that the neurotoxin caused a decrease in the number of those cells. However, when treated subsequently with 9-methyl-beta-carboline, the number reached normal values. In search of an explanation for the restorative activity, we analyzed the complexes that compose the respiratory chain in striatal mitochondria by 2-dimension gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting.We found no changes in the overall composition of the complexes. However, the activity of complex I was increased by approximately 80% in mitochondria from rats treated with MPP+ and 9-methyl-beta-carboline compared to MPP+ and saline and to sham-operated rats, as determined by measurements of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase activity. Microarray technology and single RT-PCR revealed the induction of neurotrophins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor, cerebellin 1 precursor protein, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Selected western blots yielded consistent results. The findings demonstrate restorative effects of 9-methyl-beta-carboline in an animal model of Parkinson's disease that improve the effectiveness of the respiratory chain and promote the transcription and expression of neurotrophin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Wernicke
- Department of Psychiatry, CCM, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Dorotheenstr. 94, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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George JL, Mok S, Moses D, Wilkins S, Bush AI, Cherny RA, Finkelstein DI. Targeting the progression of Parkinson's disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 7:9-36. [PMID: 19721815 PMCID: PMC2724666 DOI: 10.2174/157015909787602814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By the time a patient first presents with symptoms of Parkinson's disease at the clinic, a significant proportion (50-70%) of the cells in the substantia nigra (SN) has already been destroyed. This degeneration progresses until, within a few years, most of the cells have died. Except for rare cases of familial PD, the initial trigger for cell loss is unknown. However, we do have some clues as to why the damage, once initiated, progresses unabated. It would represent a major advance in therapy to arrest cell loss at the stage when the patient first presents at the clinic. Current therapies for Parkinson's disease focus on relieving the motor symptoms of the disease, these unfortunately lose their effectiveness as the neurodegeneration and symptoms progress. Many experimental approaches are currently being investigated attempting to alter the progression of the disease. These range from replacement of the lost neurons to neuroprotective therapies; each of these will be briefly discussed in this review. The main thrust of this review is to explore the interactions between dopamine, alpha synuclein and redox-active metals. There is abundant evidence suggesting that destruction of SN cells occurs as a result of a self-propagating series of reactions involving dopamine, alpha synuclein and redox-active metals. A potent reducing agent, the neurotransmitter dopamine has a central role in this scheme, acting through redox metallo-chemistry to catalyze the formation of toxic oligomers of alpha-synuclein and neurotoxic metabolites including 6-hydroxydopamine. It has been hypothesized that these feed the cycle of neurodegeneration by generating further oxidative stress. The goal of dissecting and understanding the observed pathological changes is to identify therapeutic targets to mitigate the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L George
- The Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria , 155 Oak Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy is associated with altered expression of oligodendroglial-derived neurotrophic factors. J Neurosci 2010; 30:6236-46. [PMID: 20445049 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0567-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration and olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy. Neuronal degeneration is accompanied by primarily oligodendrocytic accumulation of alpha-synuclein (alphasyn) as opposed to the neuronal inclusions more commonly found in other alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. It is unclear how alphasyn accumulation in oligodendrocytes may lead to the extensive neurodegeneration observed in MSA; we hypothesize that the altered expression of oligodendrocyte-derived neurotrophic factors by alphasyn may be involved. In this context, the expression of a number neurotrophic factors reportedly expressed by oligodendrocytes [glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF2), reportedly astrocyte derived] were examined in transgenic mouse models expressing human alphasyn (halphasyn) under the control of either neuronal (PDGFbeta or mThy1) or oligodendrocytic (MBP) promoters. Although protein levels of BDNF and IGF-1 were altered in all the alphasyn transgenic mice regardless of promoter type, a specific decrease in GDNF protein expression was observed in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice. Intracerebroventricular infusion of GDNF improved behavioral deficits and ameliorated neurodegenerative pathology in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice. Consistent with the studies in the MBP-halphasyn transgenic mice, analysis of GDNF expression levels in human MSA samples demonstrated a decrease in the white frontal cortex and to a lesser degree in the cerebellum compared with controls. These results suggest a mechanism in which alphasyn expression in oligodendrocytes impacts on the trophic support provided by these cells for neurons, perhaps contributing to neurodegeneration.
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Lim ST, Airavaara M, Harvey BK. Viral vectors for neurotrophic factor delivery: a gene therapy approach for neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. Pharmacol Res 2009; 61:14-26. [PMID: 19840853 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of most diseases of the central nervous system results from neuronal dysfunction or loss. Diseases such as stroke, epilepsy and neurodegeneration (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) share common cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g. oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction) that contribute to the loss of neuronal function. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secreted proteins that regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development including neuronal maintenance, survival, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity. These properties of NTFs make them likely candidates for preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neuroregeneration. One approach to delivering NTFs to diseased cells is through viral vector-mediated gene delivery. Viral vectors are now routinely used as tools for studying gene function as well as developing gene-based therapies for a variety of diseases. Currently, many clinical trials using viral vectors in the nervous system are underway or completed, and seven of these trials involve NTFs for neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss viral vector-mediated gene transfer of NTFs to treat neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung T Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Lu L, Wang X, Wu P, Xu C, Zhao M, Morales M, Harvey BK, Hoffer BJ, Shaham Y. Role of ventral tegmental area glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in incubation of cocaine craving. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66:137-45. [PMID: 19345340 PMCID: PMC3150198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventral tegmental area (VTA) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking after withdrawal (incubation of cocaine craving). Here, we studied the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in incubation of cocaine craving because, like BDNF, GDNF provides trophic support to midbrain dopamine neurons. METHODS We first trained rats to self-administer intravenous cocaine for 10 days (6 hours/d, cocaine injections were paired with a tone-light cue). We then manipulated VTA GDNF function and assessed cue-induced cocaine seeking in extinction tests after withdrawal from cocaine. RESULTS VTA injections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing rat GDNF cDNA (5 x 10(8) viral genomes) on withdrawal Day 1 increased cue-induced cocaine seeking on withdrawal days 11 and 31; this effect was not observed after VTA injections of an AAV viral vector containing red fluorescent protein (RFP). Additionally, VTA, but not substantial nigra (SN), GDNF injections (1.25 microg or 12.5 microg/side) immediately after the last cocaine self-administration session increased cue-induced drug seeking on withdrawal days 3 and 10; this effect was reversed by VTA injections of U0126, which inhibits the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Finally, interfering with VTA GDNF function by chronic delivery of anti-GDNF monoclonal neutralizing antibodies via minipumps (600 ng/side/d) during withdrawal Days 1-14 prevented the time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking on withdrawal days 11 and 31. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that during the first weeks of withdrawal from cocaine self-administration, GDNF-dependent neuroadaptations in midbrain VTA neurons play an important role in the development of incubation of cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Decreased inflammation and augmented expression of trophic factors correlate with MOG-induced neuroprotection of the injured nigrostriatal system in the murine MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:781-91. [PMID: 19286483 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The response of the immune system during injury of the central nervous system may play a role in protecting neurons. We have previously reported that immunization with MOG 35-55 prior to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced injury of the dopaminergic system promotes less dopamine depletion and less dopaminergic damage of neurons in mice. In this study, we evaluate the influence of MOG immunization on the inflammatory reaction that occurs at the place of injury. C57Bl male mice, 2 and 12 months old, received i.p. injections of MPTP (40 mg/kg) and some groups animals also received an additional injection with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 in CFA 6 days before MPTP administration. MPTP caused a common inflammatory reaction characterized by microglial activation, infiltration of T cells into the substantia nigra and striatum and increased expression of mRNA encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNFalpha, INF gamma) and trophic factors (TGFbeta, GDNF). MOG immunization prior to MPTP administration significantly diminished the microglial reaction and reduced the levels of infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. The number of CD4+ T cells remained at the same level as in the MPTP group. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was diminished. The mRNA expression of GDNF was significantly higher in the MOG pretreated mice relative to the MPTP group, both in the 2 month old and 12 month old groups. Since MOG immunization prior to MPTP intoxication appears to prevent nigrostriatal injury, the observed decrease of inflammation and increase of GDNF mRNA expression in the injured areas might represent one of the mechanisms of observed neuroprotection.
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Terzi D, Zachariou V. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders. Biotechnol J 2009; 3:1555-63. [PMID: 19072910 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of gene therapy applications using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Gene transfer via AAV vectors has been particularly successful for the treatment or adjunct therapy of several CNS disorders. The present review summarizes the progress on AAV gene delivery models for three different CNS disorders. In particular, we discuss advances in AAV-mediated gene transfer strategies in animal models of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord trauma and summarize the results from the first clinical studies using AAV systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Terzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Dopamine D1 receptors and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors contribute to the induction of long-term potentiation in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54:837-44. [PMID: 18272187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-term changes in the efficacy of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the striatal complex are proposed to underlie motor learning and neuroadaptations leading to addiction. Dopamine and glutamate play key roles in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the dorsal striatum, but their contribution to synaptic plasticity in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens, NAc) has been less extensively studied. We have examined the role of dopamine, glutamate and GABA in the induction of LTP in mouse brain slices containing the NAc. High-frequency stimulation of glutamatergic inputs elicited LTP of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials/population spikes (fEPSP/PSs) in the core region of the NAc. GABA did not seem to participate in LTP induction because LTP was not altered in the presence of either a GABA(A)- (bicuculline) or a GABA(B)- (CGP 55845) receptor antagonist. However, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, but not the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, impaired LTP. The dopamine reuptake blocker nomifensine also inhibited LTP induction. We found that group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) contribute to LTP induction because the mGluR1 antagonist LY 367385, or the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP, blocked LTP induction. Furthermore, the glutamate reuptake blocker DL-TBOA also impaired LTP. The present results demonstrate that dopamine and glutamate play critical roles in the mechanisms of induction of LTP in the NAc through the activation of dopamine D1 receptors and group I mGluRs. However, LTP is negatively regulated when endogenous levels of dopamine or glutamate are elevated.
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