1
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Vittoria MA, Quinton RJ, Ganem NJ. Whole-genome doubling in tissues and tumors. Trends Genet 2023; 39:954-967. [PMID: 37714734 PMCID: PMC10840902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of proliferating somatic human cells are diploid, and this genomic state is typically maintained across successive cell divisions. However, failures in cell division can induce a whole-genome doubling (WGD) event, in which diploid cells transition to a tetraploid state. While some WGDs are developmentally programmed to produce nonproliferative tetraploid cells with specific cellular functions, unscheduled WGDs can be catastrophic: erroneously arising tetraploid cells are ill-equipped to cope with their doubled cellular and chromosomal content and quickly become genomically unstable and tumorigenic. Deciphering the genetics that underlie the genesis, physiology, and evolution of whole-genome doubled (WGD+) cells may therefore reveal therapeutic avenues to selectively eliminate pathological WGD+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Vittoria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Ryan J Quinton
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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2
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Yamamoto T, Uehara R. Cell shape instability during cytokinesis in tetraploid HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:39-44. [PMID: 37619310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploidy is a hallmark of broad cancer types, but it remains largely unknown which aspects of cellular processes are influenced by tetraploidization in human cells. Here, we found that tetraploid HCT116 cells manifested severe cell shape instability during cytokinesis, unlike their diploid counterparts. The cell shape instability accompanied the formation of protrusive deformation at the cell poles, indicating ectopic contractile activity of the cell cortex. While cytokinesis regulators such as RhoA and anillin correctly accumulated at the equatorial cortex, myosin II was over-accumulated at the cell poles, specifically in tetraploid cells. Suppression of myosin II activity by Y27632 treatment restored smooth cell shape in tetraploids during cytokinesis, indicating dysregulation of myosin II as a primary cause of the cell shape instability in the tetraploid state. Our results demonstrate a new aspect of the dynamic cellular process profoundly affected by tetraploidization in human cells, which provides a clue to molecular mechanisms of tetraploidy-driven pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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3
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Cimini D. Twenty years of merotelic kinetochore attachments: a historical perspective. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:18. [PMID: 37466740 PMCID: PMC10411636 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei, small DNA-containing structures separate from the main nucleus, were used for decades as an indicator of genotoxic damage. Micronuclei containing whole chromosomes were considered a biomarker of aneuploidy and were believed to form, upon mitotic exit, from chromosomes that lagged behind in anaphase as all other chromosomes segregated to the poles of the mitotic spindle. However, the mechanism responsible for inducing anaphase lagging chromosomes remained unknown until just over twenty years ago. Here, I summarize what preceded and what followed this discovery, highlighting some of the open questions and opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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4
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Schvarzstein M, Alam F, Toure M, Yanowitz JL. An Emerging Animal Model for Querying the Role of Whole Genome Duplication in Development, Evolution, and Disease. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 37367480 PMCID: PMC10299280 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization can occur at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. At the cellular level, tetraploidization has been proposed as a driver of aneuploidy and genome instability and correlates strongly with cancer progression, metastasis, and the development of drug resistance. WGD is also a key developmental strategy for regulating cell size, metabolism, and cellular function. In specific tissues, WGD is involved in normal development (e.g., organogenesis), tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration. At the organismal level, WGD propels evolutionary processes such as adaptation, speciation, and crop domestication. An essential strategy to further our understanding of the mechanisms promoting WGD and its effects is to compare isogenic strains that differ only in their ploidy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is emerging as an animal model for these comparisons, in part because relatively stable and fertile tetraploid strains can be produced rapidly from nearly any diploid strain. Here, we review the use of Caenorhabditis polyploids as tools to understand important developmental processes (e.g., sex determination, dosage compensation, and allometric relationships) and cellular processes (e.g., cell cycle regulation and chromosome dynamics during meiosis). We also discuss how the unique characteristics of the C. elegans WGD model will enable significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of polyploidization and its role in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Schvarzstein
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biochemistry Department, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fatema Alam
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Muhammad Toure
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Judith L. Yanowitz
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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5
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Jana S, Brahma S, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Hoang P, Blinka S, Hough R, Horn JL, Liu Y, Wang LJ, Depeille P, Smith E, Montgomery RB, Lee JK, Haffner MC, Vakar-Lopez F, Grivas P, Wright JL, Lam HM, Black PC, Roose JP, Ryazanov AG, Subramaniam AR, Henikoff S, Hsieh AC. Transcriptional-translational conflict is a barrier to cellular transformation and cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:853-870.e13. [PMID: 37084735 PMCID: PMC10208629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
We uncover a tumor-suppressive process in urothelium called transcriptional-translational conflict caused by deregulation of the central chromatin remodeling component ARID1A. Loss of Arid1a triggers an increase in a nexus of pro-proliferation transcripts, but a simultaneous inhibition of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which results in tumor suppression. Resolution of this conflict through enhancing translation elongation speed enables the efficient and precise synthesis of a network of poised mRNAs resulting in uncontrolled proliferation, clonogenic growth, and bladder cancer progression. We observe a similar phenomenon in patients with ARID1A-low tumors, which also exhibit increased translation elongation activity through eEF2. These findings have important clinical implications because ARID1A-deficient, but not ARID1A-proficient, tumors are sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of protein synthesis. These discoveries reveal an oncogenic stress created by transcriptional-translational conflict and provide a unified gene expression model that unveils the importance of the crosstalk between transcription and translation in promoting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Jana
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sandipan Brahma
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Patrick Hoang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven Blinka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rowan Hough
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessie L Horn
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Philippe Depeille
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - John K Lee
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Steven Henikoff
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA.
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6
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Portelinha A, da Silva Ferreira M, Erazo T, Jiang M, Asgari Z, de Stanchina E, Younes A, Wendel HG. Synthetic lethality of drug-induced polyploidy and BCL-2 inhibition in lymphoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1522. [PMID: 36934096 PMCID: PMC10024740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous whole genome duplication and the adaptive mutations that disrupt genome integrity checkpoints are infrequent events in B cell lymphomas. This suggests that lymphomas might be vulnerable to therapeutics that acutely trigger genomic instability and polyploidy. Here, we report a therapeutic combination of inhibitors of the Polo-like kinase 4 and BCL-2 that trigger genomic instability and cell death in aggressive lymphomas. The synthetic lethality is selective for tumor cells and spares vital organs. Mechanistically, inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 4 impair centrosome duplication and cause genomic instability. The elimination of polyploid cells largely depends on the pro-apoptotic BAX protein. Consequently, the combination of drugs that induce polyploidy with the BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax is highly synergistic and safe against xenograft and PDX models. We show that B cell lymphomas are ill-equipped for acute, therapy-induced polyploidy and that BCL-2 inhibition further enhances the removal of polyploid lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Portelinha
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Erazo
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma Service Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- AstraZeneca, Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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7
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Yoshizawa K, Matsura A, Shimada M, Ishida-Ishihara S, Sato F, Yamamoto T, Yaguchi K, Kawamoto E, Kuroda T, Matsuo K, Tamaoki N, Sakai R, Shimada Y, Mishra M, Uehara R. Tetraploidy-linked sensitization to CENP-E inhibition in human cells. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 36688680 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy is a hallmark of cancer cells, and tetraploidy-selective cell growth suppression is a potential strategy for targeted cancer therapy. However, how tetraploid cells differ from normal diploids in their sensitivity to anti-proliferative treatments remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that tetraploid cells are significantly more susceptible to inhibitors of a mitotic kinesin (CENP-E) than are diploids. Treatment with a CENP-E inhibitor preferentially diminished the tetraploid cell population in a diploid-tetraploid co-culture at optimum conditions. Live imaging revealed that a tetraploidy-linked increase in unsolvable chromosome misalignment caused substantially longer mitotic delay in tetraploids than in diploids upon moderate CENP-E inhibition. This time gap of mitotic arrest resulted in cohesion fatigue and subsequent cell death, specifically in tetraploids, leading to tetraploidy-selective cell growth suppression. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing compound paclitaxel caused tetraploidy-selective suppression through the aggravation of spindle multipolarization. We also found that treatment with a CENP-E inhibitor had superior generality to paclitaxel in its tetraploidy selectivity across a broader spectrum of cell lines. Our results highlight the unique properties of CENP-E inhibitors in tetraploidy-selective suppression and their potential use in the development of tetraploidy-targeting interventions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumire Ishida-Ishihara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuyu Sato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kan Yaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taruho Kuroda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuo
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Graduate School and Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mithilesh Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Britigan EMC, Wan J, Sam DK, Copeland SE, Lasek AL, Hrycyniak LCF, Wang L, Audhya A, Burkard ME, Roopra A, Weaver BA. Increased Aurora B expression reduces substrate phosphorylation and induces chromosomal instability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1018161. [PMID: 36313574 PMCID: PMC9606593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1018161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased Aurora B protein expression, which is common in cancers, is expected to increase Aurora B kinase activity, yielding elevated phosphorylation of Aurora B substrates. In contrast, here we show that elevated expression of Aurora B reduces phosphorylation of six different Aurora B substrates across three species and causes defects consistent with Aurora B inhibition. Complexes of Aurora B and its binding partner INCENP autophosphorylate in trans to achieve full Aurora B activation. Increased expression of Aurora B mislocalizes INCENP, reducing the local concentration of Aurora B:INCENP complexes at the inner centromere/kinetochore. Co-expression of INCENP rescues Aurora B kinase activity and mitotic defects caused by elevated Aurora B. However, INCENP expression is not elevated in concert with Aurora B in breast cancer, and increased expression of Aurora B causes resistance rather than hypersensitivity to Aurora B inhibitors. Thus, increased Aurora B expression reduces, rather than increases, Aurora B kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. C. Britigan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jun Wan
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel K. Sam
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sarah E. Copeland
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amber L. Lasek
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura C. F. Hrycyniak
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Beth A. Weaver,
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9
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Ganapathy K, Ngo C, Andl T, Coppola D, Park J, Chakrabarti R. Anti-cancer function of microRNA-30e is mediated by negative regulation of HELLPAR, a noncoding macroRNA, and genes involved in ubiquitination and cell cycle progression in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2936-2958. [PMID: 35612714 PMCID: PMC9394257 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression relies on androgen receptor (AR) function, making AR a top candidate for PCa therapy. However, development of drug resistance is common, which eventually leads to development of castration‐resistant PCa. This warrants a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PCa that facilitates the aberrant activation of key signaling pathways including AR. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as regulators of cancer progression as they modulate various cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate a multidimensional function of miR‐30e through the regulation of genes involved in various signaling pathways. We noted loss of miR‐30e expression in prostate tumors, which, when restored, led to cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, improved drug sensitivity of PCa cells and reduced tumor progression in xenograft models. We show that experimental upregulation of miR‐30e reduces expression of mRNAs including AR, FBXO45, SRSF7 and MYBL2 and a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HELLPAR, which are involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and ubiquitination, and the effects could be rescued by inhibition of miR‐30e expression. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed direct interactions between miR‐30e and its RNA targets. We noted a newly identified reciprocal relationship between miR‐30e and HELLPAR, as inhibition of HELLPAR improved stabilization of miR‐30e. Transcriptome profiling and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) validation of miR‐30e‐expressing PCa cells showed differential expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and ubiquitination, which supports our in vitro study. This study demonstrates an integrated function of miR‐30e on dysregulation of miRNA/lncRNA/mRNA axes that may have diagnostic and therapeutic significance in aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Ganapathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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10
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Keuper K, Wieland A, Räschle M, Storchova Z. Processes shaping cancer genomes - From mitotic defects to chromosomal rearrangements. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103207. [PMID: 34425515 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of cancer genomes revealed a rich landscape of somatic single nucleotide variants, structural changes of chromosomes, as well as chromosomal copy number alterations. These chromosome changes are highly variable, and simple translocations, deletions or duplications have been identified, as well as complex events that likely arise through activity of several interconnected processes. Comparison of the cancer genome sequencing data with our knowledge about processes important for maintenance of genome stability, namely DNA replication, repair and chromosome segregation, provides insights into the mechanisms that may give rise to complex chromosomal patterns, such as chromothripsis, a complex form of multiple focal chromosome rearrangements. In addition, observations gained from model systems that recapitulate the rearrangements patterns under defined experimental conditions suggest that mitotic errors and defective DNA replication and repair contribute to their formation. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that contribute to formation of chromosomal aberrations observed in cancer genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Keuper
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 24, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Angela Wieland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 24, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Räschle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 24, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 24, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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11
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Lee SH, Rodriguez LR, Majumdar R, De Marval PLM, Rodriguez-Puebla ML. CDK4 has the ability to regulate Aurora B and Cenpp expression in mouse keratinocytes. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:732. [PMID: 34429772 PMCID: PMC8371965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a critical molecule that regulates key aspects of cell proliferation through phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of proteins. In the last few years, it has been suggested that CDK4 plays alternative roles in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The main aim of the present study was to define a novel CDK4 function as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in chromosome segregation, contributing to the G2/M phase transition. Herein, chromatin-immunoprecipitation reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays were performed to demonstrate that CDK4 could occupy the promoter region of genes associated with chromosomal segregation, such as Aurora-B (Aurkb) and Centromere Protein P (CENP-P). Moreover, gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that CDK4 participated in the transcriptional regulation of Aurkb and CENP-P. The finding that Aurkb may have a crucial role in chromosome bi-orientation and the spindle assembly checkpoint, and that CENP-P could be required for proper kinetochore function suggests that dysregulation of CDK4 expression induces chromosomal instability and, in some cases, cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Human Health and The Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Liliana R.L. Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Analysis, General Acute Hospital, Parmenio Piñeiro, Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina
| | - Rima Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Human Health and The Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | | | - Marcelo L. Rodriguez-Puebla
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Human Health and The Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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12
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Gibieža P, Petrikaitė V. The dual functions of Rab11 and Rab35 GTPases-regulation of cell division and promotion of tumorigenicity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1861-1872. [PMID: 34094658 PMCID: PMC8167671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad studies of cancer have led researchers to the creditable understanding of biological and environmental factors that make benign cells to become malignant, as well as the developmental aspects of the tumour cells, known as the "hallmarks of cancer". However, additional research is needed to uncover the features of cancer biology, which would allow to design new and more effective treatment strategies for cancer patients. Since RabGTPases and their effectors are frequently altered in cancer, their role in a regulation of cell division leading to the acquisition of cancer cell-like phenotype has drawn a lot of attention from different research groups in recent years. Both, Rab11 and Rab35 belong to a superfamily of small monomeric GTPases that regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Lately, Rab11 and Rab35 were declared as oncogenic, and because of their association with abundant cellular functions, a linkage to the induction of cancer, has been proposed. Although the clear connection between the improper regulation of Rab11 or Rab35 and the initiation of tumorigenicity has only beginning to emerge, in this review we will discuss the newest findings regarding the participation of RabGTPases in a control of cell division and promotion of tumorigenesis, trying to link the actual function to the cancer causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Gibieža
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
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13
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Aurora Kinase B Inhibition: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071981. [PMID: 33915740 PMCID: PMC8037052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is a mitotic serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the aurora kinase family along with aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase C (AURKC). AURKB is a member of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and plays a role in cell cycle progression. Deregulation of AURKB is observed in several tumors and its overexpression is frequently linked to tumor cell invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. AURKB has emerged as an attractive drug target leading to the development of small molecule inhibitors. This review summarizes recent findings pertaining to the role of AURKB in tumor development, therapy related drug resistance, and its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. We discuss AURKB inhibitors that are in preclinical and clinical development and combination studies of AURKB inhibition with other therapeutic strategies.
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Borah NA, Sradhanjali S, Barik MR, Jha A, Tripathy D, Kaliki S, Rath S, Raghav SK, Patnaik S, Mittal R, Reddy MM. Aurora Kinase B Expression, Its Regulation and Therapeutic Targeting in Human Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 33704359 PMCID: PMC7960835 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aurora kinase B (AURKB) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitosis and is gaining prominence as a therapeutic target in cancers; however, the role of AURKB in retinoblastoma (RB) has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if AURKB plays a role in RB, how its expression is regulated, and whether it could be specifically targeted. Methods The protein expression of AURKB was determined using immunohistochemistry in human RB patient specimens and immunoblotting in cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition and shRNA-mediated knockdown were used to understand the role of AURKB in cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution. Cell viability in response to AURKB inhibition was also assessed in enucleated RB specimens. Immunoblotting was employed to determine the protein levels of phospho-histone H3, p53, p21, and MYCN. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR was performed to verify the binding of MYCN on the promoter region of AURKB. Results The expression of AURKB was found to be markedly elevated in human RB tissues, and the overexpression significantly correlated with optic nerve and anterior chamber invasion. Targeting AURKB with small-molecule inhibitors and shRNAs resulted in reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. More importantly, primary RB specimens showed decreased cell viability in response to pharmacological AURKB inhibition. Additional studies have demonstrated that the MYCN oncogene regulates the expression of AURKB in RB. Conclusions AURKB is overexpressed in RB, and targeting it could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to restrict tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Arfin Borah
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Swatishree Sradhanjali
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Barik
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Atimukta Jha
- Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Devjyoti Tripathy
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryasnata Rath
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K. Raghav
- Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Ruchi Mittal
- Kanupriya Dalmia Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mamatha M. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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15
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Lin H, Huang YS, Fustin JM, Doi M, Chen H, Lai HH, Lin SH, Lee YL, King PC, Hou HS, Chen HW, Young PY, Chao HW. Hyperpolyploidization of hepatocyte initiates preneoplastic lesion formation in the liver. Nat Commun 2021; 12:645. [PMID: 33510150 PMCID: PMC7844417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant primary malignancy in the liver. Genotoxic and genetic models have revealed that HCC cells are derived from hepatocytes, but where the critical region for tumor foci emergence is and how this transformation occurs are still unclear. Here, hyperpolyploidization of hepatocytes around the centrilobular (CL) region is demonstrated to be closely linked with the development of HCC cells after diethylnitrosamine treatment. We identify the CL region as a dominant lobule for accumulation of hyperpolyploid hepatocytes and preneoplastic tumor foci formation. We also demonstrate that upregulation of Aurkb plays a critical role in promoting hyperpolyploidization. Increase of AURKB phosphorylation is detected on the midbody during cytokinesis, causing abscission failure and hyperpolyploidization. Pharmacological inhibition of AURKB dramatically reduces nucleus size and tumor foci number surrounding the CL region in diethylnitrosamine-treated liver. Our work reveals an intimate molecular link between pathological hyperpolyploidy of CL hepatocytes and transformation into HCC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Female
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Polyploidy
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Sung Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui-Huang Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chih King
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Young
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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16
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Targeting aurora kinases as a potential prognostic and therapeutical biomarkers in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21272. [PMID: 33277547 PMCID: PMC7718893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURKA and AURKB) are mitotic kinases with an important role in the regulation of several mitotic events, and in hematological malignancies, AURKA and AURKB hyperexpression are found in patients with cytogenetic abnormalities presenting a unfavorable prognosis. The aim of this study was evaluated the mRNA expression profile of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) patients and the efficacy of two AURKA and AURKB designed inhibitors (GW809897X and GW806742X) in a leukemia cell line as a potential novel therapy for ALL patients. Cellular experiments demonstrated that both inhibitors induced cell death with caspase activation and cell cycle arrest, however only the GW806742X inhibitor decreased with more efficacy AURKA and AURKB expression in K-562 leukemia cells. In ALL patients both AURKA and AURKB showed a significant overexpression, when compared to health controls. Moreover, AURKB expression level was significant higher than AURKA in patients, and predicted a poorer prognosis with significantly lower survival rates. No differences were found in AURKA and AURKB expression between gene fusions, immunophenotypic groups, white blood cells count, gender or age. In summary, the results in this study indicates that the AURKA and AURKB overexpression are important findings in pediatric ALL, and designed inhibitor, GW806742X tested in vitro were able to effectively inhibit the gene expression of both aurora kinases and induce apoptosis in K-562 cells, however our data clearly shown that AURKB proves to be a singular finding and potential prognostic biomarker that may be used as a promising therapeutic target to those patients.
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17
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Qu C, Peng Y, Lei J, Sun L, Zong B, Liu S. A look into the link between centrosome amplification and breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110924. [PMID: 33128942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common feature of human tumors, but it is not clear whether this is a cause or a consequence of cancer. The centrosome amplification observed in tumor cells may be explained by a series of events, such as failure of cell division, dysregulation of centrosome cycle checkpoints, and de novo centriole biogenesis disorder. The formation and progression of breast cancer are characterized by genomic abnormality. The centrosomes in breast cancer cells show characteristic structural aberrations, caused by centrosome amplification, which include: an increase in the number and volume of centrosomes, excessive increase of pericentriolar material (PCM), inappropriate phosphorylation of centrosomal molecular, and centrosome clustering formation induced by the dysregulation of important genes. The mechanism of intracellular centrosome amplification, the impact of which on breast cancer and the latest breast cancer target treatment options for centrosome amplification are exhaustively elaborated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chi Qu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jinwei Lei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Beige Zong
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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18
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da Silva Leitão Peres N, Cabrera Parra Bortoluzzi L, Medeiros Marques LL, Formigoni M, Fuchs RHB, Droval AA, Reitz Cardoso FA. Medicinal effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii): a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:83-92. [PMID: 31951246 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a root native to the Andean region, cultivated for at least 2000 years. Maca is rich in fiber, a large number of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and other nutrients, including vitamin C, copper, iron, and calcium. Besides these essential nutrients, this root contains bioactive compounds responsible for benefits to the human body, which has caused a considerable increase in its consumption in the last 20 years worldwide. This review documents the Peruvian maca composition and the recent findings regarding the medicinal effects of this root in sexual dysfunction regulation, neuroprotective effects, action in memory enhancement, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, and skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Leitão Peres
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, Paraná 87301-005, Brazil.
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19
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Tsunematsu T, Arakaki R, Kawai H, Ruppert J, Tsuneyama K, Ishimaru N, Earnshaw WC, Pagano M, Kudo Y. APC/C Cdh1 is required for the termination of chromosomal passenger complex activity upon mitotic exit. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/18/jcs251314. [PMID: 32934012 PMCID: PMC7520452 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) ensures the faithful transmission of the genome. The CPC is composed of the enzymatic component Aurora B (AURKB) and the three regulatory and targeting components borealin, INCENP, and survivin (also known as BIRC5). Although the CPC is known to be involved in diverse mitotic events, it is still unclear how CPC function terminates after mitosis. Here we show that borealin is ubiquitylated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and its cofactor Cdh1 (also known as FZR1) and is subsequently degraded in G1 phase. Cdh1 binds to regions within the N terminus of borealin that act as a non-canonical degron. Aurora B has also been shown previously to be degraded by the APC/CCdh1 from late mitosis to G1. Indeed, Cdh1 depletion sustains an Aurora B activity with stable levels of borealin and Aurora B throughout the cell cycle, and causes reduced efficiency of DNA replication after release from serum starvation. Notably, inhibition of Aurora B kinase activity improves the efficiency of DNA replication in Cdh1-depleted cells. We thus propose that APC/CCdh1 terminates CPC activity upon mitotic exit and thereby contributes to proper control of DNA replication. Summary: APC/CCdh1 ubiquitylates both borealin, via a non-canonical degron motif, and Aurora B to terminate activity of the CPC in G1 phase. Disruption of this ubiquitylation reduces the efficiency of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jan Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan .,Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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20
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Alagpulinsa DA, Szalat RE, Poznansky MC, Shmookler Reis RJ. Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:858-873. [PMID: 32487486 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability (GIN), an increased tendency to acquire genomic alterations, is a cancer hallmark. However, its frequency, underlying causes, and disease relevance vary across different cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, evolves through premalignant phases characterized by genomic abnormalities. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are deconstructing the genomic landscape of MM across the continuum of its development, inextricably linking malignant transformation and disease progression with increasing acquisition of genomic alterations, and illuminating the mechanisms that generate these alterations. Although GIN drives disease evolution, it also creates vulnerabilities such as dependencies on 'superfluous' repair mechanisms and the induction of tumor-specific antigens that can be targeted. We review the mechanisms of GIN in MM, the associated vulnerabilities, and therapeutic targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Raphael E Szalat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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21
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Baudoin NC, Nicholson JM, Soto K, Martin O, Chen J, Cimini D. Asymmetric clustering of centrosomes defines the early evolution of tetraploid cells. eLife 2020; 9:54565. [PMID: 32347795 PMCID: PMC7250578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy has long been of interest to both cell and cancer biologists, partly because of its documented role in tumorigenesis. A common model proposes that the extra centrosomes that are typically acquired during tetraploidization are responsible for driving tumorigenesis. However, tetraploid cells evolved in culture have been shown to lack extra centrosomes. This observation raises questions about how tetraploid cells evolve and more specifically about the mechanisms(s) underlying centrosome loss. Here, using a combination of fixed cell analysis, live cell imaging, and mathematical modeling, we show that populations of newly formed tetraploid cells rapidly evolve in vitro to retain a near-tetraploid chromosome number while losing the extra centrosomes gained at the time of tetraploidization. This appears to happen through a process of natural selection in which tetraploid cells that inherit a single centrosome during a bipolar division with asymmetric centrosome clustering are favored for long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C Baudoin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Joshua M Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Kimberly Soto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Olga Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
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22
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Bose A, Sudevan S, Rao VJ, Shima H, Trivedi AK, Igarashi K, Kundu TK. Haploinsufficient tumor suppressor Tip60 negatively regulates oncogenic Aurora B kinase. J Biosci 2019; 44:147. [PMID: 31894128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora kinases represent a group of serine/threonine kinases which are crucial regulators of mitosis. Dysregulated Aurora kinase B (AurkB) expression, stemming from genomic amplification, increased gene transcription or overexpression of its allosteric activators, is capable of initiating and sustaining malignant phenotypes. Although AurkB level in cells is well-orchestrated, studies that relate to its stability or activity, independent of mitosis, are lacking. We report that AurkB undergoes acetylation in vitro by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) belonging to different families, namely by p300 and Tip60. The haploinsufficient tumor suppressor Tip60 acetylates two highly conserved lysine residues within the kinase domain of AurkB which not only impinges the protein stability but also its kinase activity. These results signify a probable outcome on the increase in "overall activity" of AurkB upon Tip60 downregulation, as observed under cancerous conditions. The present work, therefore, uncovers an important functional interplay between AurkB and Tip60, frailty of which may be an initial event in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Bose
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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23
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24
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Bernal A, Zafon E, Domínguez D, Bertran E, Tusell L. Generation of Immortalised But Unstable Cells after hTERT Introduction in Telomere-Compromised and p53-Deficient vHMECs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072078. [PMID: 30018248 PMCID: PMC6073565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the natural ends of chromosomes, hide the linear telomeric DNA from constitutive exposure to the DNA damage response with a lariat structure or t-loop. Progressive telomere shortening associated with DNA replication in the absence of a compensatory mechanism culminates in t-loop collapse and unmasked telomeres. Dysfunctional telomeres can suppress cancer development by engaging replicative senescence or apoptosis, but they can also promote tumour initiation when cell cycle checkpoints are disabled. In this setting, telomere dysfunction promotes increasing chromosome instability (CIN) through breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Excessive instability may hamper cell proliferation but might allow for the appearance of some rare advantageous mutations that could be selected and ultimately favour neoplastic progression. With the aim of generating pre-malignant immortalised cells, we ectopically expressed telomerase in telomere-compromised variant human mammary epithelial cells (vHMECs), proficient and deficient for p53, and analysed structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations as well as abnormal nuclear morphologies. Importantly, this study provides evidence that while immortalisation of vHMECs at early stages results in an almost stable karyotype, a transient telomere-dependent CIN period—aggravated by p53 deficiency—and followed by hTERT overexpression serves as a mechanism for the generation of immortal unstable cells which, due to their evolving karyotype, could attain additional promoting properties permissive to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Bernal
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Elisenda Zafon
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Daniel Domínguez
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Enric Bertran
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Laura Tusell
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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26
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Vittoria MA, Shenk EM, O'Rourke KP, Bolgioni AF, Lim S, Kacprzak V, Quinton RJ, Ganem NJ. A genome-wide microRNA screen identifies regulators of tetraploid cell proliferation. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1682-1692. [PMID: 29791254 PMCID: PMC6080710 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploid cells, which are most commonly generated by errors in cell division, are genomically unstable and have been shown to promote tumorigenesis. Recent genomic studies have estimated that ∼40% of all solid tumors have undergone a genome-doubling event during their evolution, suggesting a significant role for tetraploidy in driving the development of human cancers. To safeguard against the deleterious effects of tetraploidy, nontransformed cells that fail mitosis and become tetraploid activate both the Hippo and p53 tumor suppressor pathways to restrain further proliferation. Tetraploid cells must therefore overcome these antiproliferative barriers to ultimately drive tumor development. However, the genetic routes through which spontaneously arising tetraploid cells adapt to regain proliferative capacity remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted a comprehensive gain-of-function genome-wide screen to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are sufficient to promote the proliferation of tetraploid cells. Our screen identified 23 miRNAs whose overexpression significantly promotes tetraploid proliferation. The vast majority of these miRNAs facilitate tetraploid growth by enhancing mitogenic signaling pathways (e.g., miR-191-3p); however, we also identified several miRNAs that impair the p53/p21 pathway (e.g., miR-523-3p), and a single miRNA (miR-24-3p) that potently inactivates the Hippo pathway via down-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene NF2. Collectively, our data reveal several avenues through which tetraploid cells may regain the proliferative capacity necessary to drive tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Vittoria
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Elizabeth M Shenk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Kevin P O'Rourke
- Weill Cornell Medicine/Rockefeller University/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065
| | - Amanda F Bolgioni
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Sanghee Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Victoria Kacprzak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Ryan J Quinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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27
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Aranda F, Chaba K, Bloy N, Garcia P, Bordenave C, Martins I, Stoll G, Tesniere A, Kroemer G, Senovilla L. Immune effectors responsible for the elimination of hyperploid cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1463947. [PMID: 30221060 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1463947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system avoids oncogenesis and slows down tumor progression through a mechanism called immunosurveillance. Nevertheless, some malignant cells manage to escape from immune control and form clinically detectable tumors. Tetraploidy, which consists in the intrinsically unstable duplication of the genome, is considered as a (pre)-cancerous event that can result in aneuploidy and contribute to oncogenesis. We previously described the fact that tetraploid cells can be eliminated by the immune system. Here, we investigate the role of different innate and acquired immune effectors by inoculating hyperploid cancer cells into wild type or mice bearing different immunodeficient genotypes (Cd1d-/-, FcRn-/-, Flt3l-/-, Foxn1nu/nu, MyD88-/-, Nlrp3-/-, Ighmtm1Cgn, Rag2-/-), followed by the monitoring of tumor incidence, growth and final ploidy status. Our results suggest that multiple different immune effectors including B, NK, NKT and T cells, as well as innate immune responses involving the interleukine-1 receptor and the Toll-like receptor systems participate to the immunoselection against hyperploid cells. Hence, optimal anticancer immunosurveillance likely involves the contribution of multiple arms of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Kariman Chaba
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Garcia
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Chloé Bordenave
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Tesniere
- Ilumens Simulation Department, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Surgical Intensive Care Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM U1138-Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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28
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Conde M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Schröck E, Schackert G, Temme A. Chromosomal instability induced by increased BIRC5/Survivin levels affects tumorigenicity of glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:889. [PMID: 29282022 PMCID: PMC5745881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is abundantly expressed in tumors. It has been hypothesized that Survivin facilitates carcinogenesis by inhibition of apoptosis resulting in improved survival of tumorigenic progeny. Additionally, Survivin plays an essential role during mitosis. Together with its molecular partners Aurora B, Borealin and inner centromere protein it secures bipolar chromosome segregation. However, whether increased Survivin levels contribute to progression of tumors by inducing chromosomal instability remains unclear. Methods We overexpressed Survivin in U251-MG, SVGp12, U87-MG, HCT116 and p53-deficient U87-MGshp53 and HCT116p53−/− cells. The resulting phenotype was investigated by FACS-assisted cell cycle analysis, Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and in a U251-MG xenograft model using immune-deficient mice. Results Overexpression of Survivin affected cells with knockdown of p53, cells harboring mutant p53 and SV40 large T antigen, respectively, resulting in the increase of cell fractions harboring 4n and >4n DNA contents. Increased γH2AX levels, indicative of DNA damage were monitored in all Survivin-transduced cell lines, but only in p53 wild type cells this was accompanied by an attenuated S-phase entry and activation of p21waf/cip. Overexpression of Survivin caused a DNA damage response characterized by increased appearance pDNA-PKcs foci in cell nuclei and elevated levels of pATM S1981 and pCHK2 T68. Additionally, evolving structural chromosomal aberrations in U251-MG cells transduced with Survivin indicated a DNA-repair by non-homologous end joining recombination. Subcutaneous transplantation of U251-MG cells overexpressing Survivin and mycN instead of mycN oncogene alone generated tumors with shortened latency and decreased apoptosis. Subsequent SKY-analysis of Survivin/mycN-tumors revealed an increase in structural chromosomal aberrations in cells when compared to mycN-tumors. Conclusions Our data suggest that increased Survivin levels promote adaptive evolution of tumors through combining induction of genetic heterogeneity with inhibition of apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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29
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Krupina K, Kleiss C, Awal S, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Sanz-Moreno V, Sumara I. UBASH3B-mediated silencing of the mitotic checkpoint: Therapeutic perspectives in cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 5:e1271494. [PMID: 29487893 PMCID: PMC5821415 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2016.1271494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitosis can lead to aneuploidy, which is a common feature of human cancers. Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) controls fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis to prevent aneuploidy. The ubiquitin receptor protein Ubiquitin Associated and SH3 Domain Containing B (UBASH3B) was recently found to control SAC silencing and faithful chromosome segregation by relocalizing Aurora B kinase to the mitotic microtubules. Accordingly, loss and gain of function of UBASH3B have strong effects on mitotic progression. Downregulation of UBASH3B prevents SAC satisfaction leading to inhibition of chromosome segregation, mitotic arrest, and cell death. In contrast, increased cellular levels of UBASH3B trigger premature and uncontrolled chromosome segregation. Interestingly, elevated levels of UBASH3B were found in aggressive tumors. Therefore, we raised the question whether the oncogenic potential of UBASH3B is linked to its role in chromosome segregation. Here we show that in cancer cells expressing high levels of UBASH3B and SAC proteins, downregulation of UBASH3B, can further potentiate SAC response inducing mitotic arrest and cell death. Moreover, data mining approaches identified a correlation between mRNA levels of UBASH3B and SAC components in a set of primary patient tumors including kidney and liver carcinomas. Thus, inhibition of UBASH3B may offer an attractive therapeutic perspective for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Krupina
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte Kleiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sushil Awal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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30
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Guo X, Ni J, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Ma X, Xue J, Wang X. Folate deficiency induces mitotic aberrations and chromosomal instability by compromising the spindle assembly checkpoint in cultured human colon cells. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:547-560. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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31
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Al-Khafaji ASK, Marcus MW, Davies MPA, Risk JM, Shaw RJ, Field JK, Liloglou T. AURKA mRNA expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4463-4468. [PMID: 28588715 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of mitotic spindle genes has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of malignant tumours. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the expression profiles of Aurora kinases (AURKA, AURKB and AURKC), cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), discs large-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), kinesin-like protein 11 (KIF11), microtubule nucleation factor (TPX2), monopolar spindle 1 kinase (TTK), and β-tubulins (TUBB) and (TUBB3) genes and clinicopathological characteristics in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based RNA gene expression profiles of 132 NSCLC and 44 adjacent wild-type tissues were generated, and Cox's proportional hazard regression was used to examine associations. With the exception of AURKC, all genes exhibited increased expression in NSCLC tissues. Of the 10 genes examined, only AURKA was significantly associated with prognosis in NSCLC. Multivariate Cox's regression analysis demonstrated that AURKA mRNA expression [hazard ratio (HR), 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-2.84; P=0.009], age (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; P=0.020), pathological tumour stage 2 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.16-5.10; P=0.019) and involvement of distal nodes (pathological node stage 2) (HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.24-7.99; P=0.016) were independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Poor prognosis of patients with increased AURKA expression suggests that those patients may benefit from surrogate therapy with AURKA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S K Al-Khafaji
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10070, Iraq
| | - Michael W Marcus
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Janet M Risk
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Richard J Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - John K Field
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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32
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Maciejowski J, de Lange T. Telomeres in cancer: tumour suppression and genome instability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:175-186. [PMID: 28096526 PMCID: PMC5589191 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The shortening of human telomeres has two opposing effects during cancer development. On the one hand, telomere shortening can exert a tumour-suppressive effect through the proliferation arrest induced by activating the kinases ATM and ATR at unprotected chromosome ends. On the other hand, loss of telomere protection can lead to telomere crisis, which is a state of extensive genome instability that can promote cancer progression. Recent data, reviewed here, provide new evidence for the telomere tumour suppressor pathway and has revealed that telomere crisis can induce numerous cancer-relevant changes, including chromothripsis, kataegis and tetraploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maciejowski
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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33
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Links between DNA Replication, Stem Cells and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020045. [PMID: 28125050 PMCID: PMC5333035 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers can be categorized into two groups: those whose frequency increases with age, and those resulting from errors during mammalian development. The first group is linked to DNA replication through the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur during proliferation of developmentally acquired stem cells that give rise to and maintain tissues and organs. These mutations, which result from DNA replication errors as well as environmental insults, fall into two categories; cancer driver mutations that initiate carcinogenesis and genome destabilizing mutations that promote aneuploidy through excess genome duplication and chromatid missegregation. Increased genome instability results in accelerated clonal evolution leading to the appearance of more aggressive clones with increased drug resistance. The second group of cancers, termed germ cell neoplasia, results from the mislocation of pluripotent stem cells during early development. During normal development, pluripotent stem cells that originate in early embryos give rise to all of the cell lineages in the embryo and adult, but when they mislocate to ectopic sites, they produce tumors. Remarkably, pluripotent stem cells, like many cancer cells, depend on the Geminin protein to prevent excess DNA replication from triggering DNA damage-dependent apoptosis. This link between the control of DNA replication during early development and germ cell neoplasia reveals Geminin as a potential chemotherapeutic target in the eradication of cancer progenitor cells.
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34
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Fell VL, Walden EA, Hoffer SM, Rogers SR, Aitken AS, Salemi LM, Schild-Poulter C. Ku70 Serine 155 mediates Aurora B inhibition and activation of the DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37194. [PMID: 27849008 PMCID: PMC5111114 DOI: 10.1038/srep37194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ku heterodimer (Ku70/Ku80) is the central DNA binding component of the classical non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway that repairs DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), serving as the scaffold for the formation of the NHEJ complex. Here we show that Ku70 is phosphorylated on Serine 155 in response to DNA damage. Expression of Ku70 bearing a S155 phosphomimetic substitution (Ku70 S155D) in Ku70-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) triggered cell cycle arrest at multiple checkpoints and altered expression of several cell cycle regulators in absence of DNA damage. Cells expressing Ku70 S155D exhibited a constitutive DNA damage response, including ATM activation, H2AX phosphorylation and 53BP1 foci formation. Ku70 S155D was found to interact with Aurora B and to have an inhibitory effect on Aurora B kinase activity. Lastly, we demonstrate that Ku and Aurora B interact following ionizing radiation treatment and that Aurora B inhibition in response to DNA damage is dependent upon Ku70 S155 phosphorylation. This uncovers a new pathway where Ku may relay signaling to Aurora B to enforce cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Fell
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Walden
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sarah M Hoffer
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Rogers
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Amelia S Aitken
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Louisa M Salemi
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Jemaà M, Manic G, Lledo G, Lissa D, Reynes C, Morin N, Chibon F, Sistigu A, Castedo M, Vitale I, Kroemer G, Abrieu A. Whole-genome duplication increases tumor cell sensitivity to MPS1 inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 7:885-901. [PMID: 26637805 PMCID: PMC4808040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that whole-genome duplication resulting in tetraploidy facilitates carcinogenesis by providing an intermediate and metastable state more prone to generate oncogenic aneuploidy. Here, we report a novel strategy to preferentially kill tetraploid cells based on the abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) via the targeting of TTK protein kinase (better known as monopolar spindle 1, MPS1). The pharmacological inhibition as well as the knockdown of MPS1 kills more efficiently tetraploid cells than their diploid counterparts. By using time-lapse videomicroscopy, we show that tetraploid cells do not survive the aborted mitosis due to SAC abrogation upon MPS1 depletion. On the contrary diploid cells are able to survive up to at least two more cell cycles upon the same treatment. This effect might reflect the enhanced difficulty of cells with whole-genome doubling to tolerate a further increase in ploidy and/or an elevated level of chromosome instability in the absence of SAC functions. We further show that MPS1-inhibited tetraploid cells promote mitotic catastrophe executed by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, as indicated by the loss of mitochondrial potential, the release of the pro-apoptotic cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspases. Altogether, our results suggest that MPS1 inhibition could be used as a therapeutic strategy for targeting tetraploid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jemaà
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gwendaline Lledo
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Lissa
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Christelle Reynes
- EA 2415, Laboratoire de Biostatistique, d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U916, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maria Castedo
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 Labelisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ariane Abrieu
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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TRIP13 is expressed in colorectal cancer and promotes cancer cell invasion. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5240-5246. [PMID: 28105232 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is a member of the ATPases associated with various cellular activities family of proteins and is highly conserved in a wide range of species. Recent studies have demonstrated that TRIP13 is critical for the inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and is associated with the progression of certain cancers. In the present study, the role of TRIP13 in colorectal cancer (CRC) was examined. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that TRIP13 messenger RNA was highly expressed in multiple CRC tissues. The depletion of TRIP13 in CRC cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To determine whether the catalytic activity of TRIP13 was critical for cancer progression, an inactive mutant of TRIP13 was expressed in CRC cells. The invasion of cancer cells that expressed the mutant TRIP13 was significantly reduced compared with that of the wild type TRIP13-expressing cancer cells. These results indicate that TRIP13 could be a potential target for CRC treatment.
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Subramaniyan B, Jagadeesan K, Ramakrishnan S, Mathan G. Targeting the interaction of Aurora kinases and SIRT1 mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A critical review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:413-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Mesic A, Rogar M, Hudler P, Juvan R, Komel R. Association of the AURKA and AURKC gene polymorphisms with an increased risk of gastric cancer. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:634-44. [PMID: 27270838 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitotic checkpoint genes can contribute to susceptibility of human cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the effects of Aurora kinase A (AURKA), Aurora kinase B (AURKB), and Aurora kinase C (AURKC) gene polymorphisms on GC risk in Slovenian population. We genotyped four SNPs in AURKA (rs2273535 and rs1047972), AURKB (rs2241909), and AURKC (rs758099) in a total of 128 GC patients and 372 healthy controls using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays to evaluate their effects on GC risk. Our results showed that genotype frequencies between cases and controls were significantly different for rs1047972 and rs758099 (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that AURKA rs1047972 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Our results additionally revealed that AURKC rs758099 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were also associated with increased GC risk. In stratified analysis, genotypes TT and (CC + CT) of AURKA rs1047972 SNP were associated with increased risk of both, intestinal and diffuse, types of GC. In addition, AURKC rs758099 TT and (CC + CT) genotypes were positively associated with increased intestinal type GC risk, but not with an increased diffuse type GC risk. Based on these results, we can conclude that AURKA rs1047972 and AURKC rs758099 polymorphisms could affect the risk of GC development. Further larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(8):634-644, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aner Mesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Rogar
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Juvan
- Clinical Department for Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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High and low dose radiation effects on mammary adenocarcinoma cells - an epigenetic connection. Oncoscience 2016; 3:88-97. [PMID: 27226982 PMCID: PMC4872647 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of cancer, including breast cancer, depends largely on radiation therapy and proper diagnostics. The effect of ionizing radiation on cells and tissues depends on the radiation dose and energy level, but there is insufficient evidence concerning how tumor cells respond to the low and high doses of radiation that are often used in medical diagnostic and treatment modalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate radiation-induced gene expression changes in the MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line. Using microarray technology tools, we were able to screen the differential gene expressions profiles between various radiation doses applied to MCF-7 cells. Here, we report the substantial alteration in the expression level of genes after high-dose treatment. In contrast, no dramatic gene expression alterations were noticed after the application of low and medium doses of radiation. In response to a high radiation dose, MCF-7 cells exhibited down-regulation of biological pathways such as cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair and activation of the p53 pathway. Similar dose-dependent responses were seen on the epigenetic level, which was tested by a microRNA expression analysis. MicroRNA analysis showed dose-dependent radiation-induced microRNA expression alterations that were associated with cell cycle arrest and cell death. An increased rate of apoptosis was determined by an Annexin V assay. The results of this study showed that high doses of radiation affect gene expression genetically and epigenetically, leading to alterations in cell cycle, DNA replication, and apoptosis.
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EBNA3C regulates p53 through induction of Aurora kinase B. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5788-803. [PMID: 25691063 PMCID: PMC4467402 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms p53 maintains genomic integrity through activation of DNA repair, and apoptosis. EBNA3C can down regulate p53 transcriptional activity. Aurora kinase (AK) B phosphorylates p53, which leads to degradation of p53. Aberrant expression of AK-B is a hallmark of numerous human cancers. Therefore changes in the activities of p53 due to AK-B and EBNA3C expression is important for understanding EBV-mediated cell transformation. Here we show that the activities of p53 and its homolog p73 are dysregulated in EBV infected primary cells which can contribute to increased cell transformation. Further, we showed that the ETS-1 binding site is crucial for EBNA3C-mediated up-regulation of AK-B transcription. Further, we determined the Ser 215 residue of p53 is critical for functional regulation by AK-B and EBNA3C and that the kinase domain of AK-B which includes amino acid residues 106, 111 and 205 was important for p53 regulation. AK-B with a mutation at residue 207 was functionally similar to wild type AK-B in terms of its kinase activities and knockdown of AK-B led to enhanced p73 expression independent of p53. This study explores an additional mechanism by which p53 is regulated by AK-B and EBNA3C contributing to EBV-induced B-cell transformation.
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Ohshima S, Seyama A. Establishment of proliferative tetraploid cells from telomerase-immortalized normal human fibroblasts. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:522-30. [PMID: 26917432 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is observed in the majority of human cancers and is considered to be causally related to carcinogenesis. Although malignant aneuploid cells are suggested to develop from polyploid cells formed in precancerous lesions, the mechanisms of this process remain elusive. This is partly because no experimental model is available where nontransformed polyploid human cells propagate in vitro. We previously showed that proliferative tetraploid cells can be established from normal human fibroblasts by treatment with the spindle poison demecolcine (DC). However, the limited lifespan of these cells hampered detailed analysis of a link between chromosomal instability and the oncogenic transformation of polyploid cells. Here, we report the establishment of proliferative tetraploid cells from the telomerase-immortalized normal human fibroblast cell line TIG-1. Treatment of immortalized diploid cells with DC for 4 days resulted in proliferation of cells with tetraploid DNA content and near-tetraploid/tetraploid chromosome counts. Established tetraploid cells had functional TP53 despite growing at almost the same rate as diploid cells. The frequency of clonal and sporadic chromosome aberrations in tetraploid cells was higher than in diploid cells and in one experiment, gradually increased with repeated subculture. This study suggests that tetraploid cells established from telomerase-immortalized normal human fibroblasts can be a valuable model for studying chromosomal instability and the oncogenic potential of polyploid cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohshima
- Division of Morphological Science, Biomedical Research Center, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Seyama
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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42
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Dos Santos EO, Carneiro-Lobo TC, Aoki MN, Levantini E, Bassères DS. Aurora kinase targeting in lung cancer reduces KRAS-induced transformation. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:12. [PMID: 26842935 PMCID: PMC4739397 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations in KRAS are prevalent in lung cancer and have been causally linked to the oncogenic process. However, therapies targeted to oncogenic RAS have been ineffective to date and identification of KRAS targets that impinge on the oncogenic phenotype is warranted. Based on published studies showing that mitotic kinases Aurora A (AURKA) and B (AURKB) cooperate with oncogenic RAS to promote malignant transformation and that AURKA phosphorylates RAS effector pathway components, the aim of this study was to investigate whether AURKA and AURKB are KRAS targets in lung cancer and whether targeting these kinases might be therapeutically beneficial. METHODS In order to determine whether oncogenic KRAS induces Aurora kinase expression, we used qPCR and western blotting in three different lung cell-based models of gain- or loss-of-function of KRAS. In order to determine the functional role of these kinases in KRAS-induced transformation, we generated KRAS-positive A549 and H358 cells with stable and inducible shRNA-mediated knockdown of AURKA or AURKB and evaluated transformation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In order to validate AURKA and/or AURKB as therapeutically relevant KRAS targets in lung cancer, we treated A549 and H358 cells, as well as two different lung cell based models of gain-of-function of KRAS with a dual Aurora kinase inhibitor and performed functional in vitro assays. RESULTS We determined that KRAS positively regulates AURKA and AURKB expression. Furthermore, in KRAS-positive H358 and A549 cell lines, inducible knockdown of AURKA or AURKB, as well as treatment with a dual AURKA/AURKB inhibitor, decreased growth, viability, proliferation, transformation, and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, inducible shRNA-mediated knockdown of AURKA in A549 cells decreased tumor growth in vivo. More importantly, dual pharmacological inhibiton of AURKA and AURKB reduced growth, viability, transformation, and induced apoptosis in vitro in an oncogenic KRAS-dependent manner, indicating that Aurora kinase inhibition therapy can specifically target KRAS-transformed cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results support our hypothesis that Aurora kinases are important KRAS targets in lung cancer and suggest Aurora kinase inhibition as a novel approach for KRAS-induced lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateus Nobrega Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elena Levantini
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sanchez Bassères
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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43
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Vuković LD, Jevtić P, Edens LJ, Levy DL. New Insights into Mechanisms and Functions of Nuclear Size Regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:1-59. [PMID: 26940517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear size is generally maintained within a defined range in a given cell type. Changes in cell size that occur during cell growth, development, and differentiation are accompanied by dynamic nuclear size adjustments in order to establish appropriate nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume relationships. It has long been recognized that aberrations in nuclear size are associated with certain disease states, most notably cancer. Nuclear size and morphology must impact nuclear and cellular functions. Understanding these functional implications requires an understanding of the mechanisms that control nuclear size. In this review, we first provide a general overview of the diverse cellular structures and activities that contribute to nuclear size control, including structural components of the nucleus, effects of DNA amount and chromatin compaction, signaling, and transport pathways that impinge on the nucleus, extranuclear structures, and cell cycle state. We then detail some of the key mechanistic findings about nuclear size regulation that have been gleaned from a variety of model organisms. Lastly, we review studies that have implicated nuclear size in the regulation of cell and nuclear function and speculate on the potential functional significance of nuclear size in chromatin organization, gene expression, nuclear mechanics, and disease. With many fundamental cell biological questions remaining to be answered, the field of nuclear size regulation is still wide open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija D Vuković
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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D'Avino PP, Capalbo L. New Auroras on the Roles of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex in Cytokinesis: Implications for Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2015; 5:221. [PMID: 26528433 PMCID: PMC4604319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), composed of a kinase component, Aurora B, the scaffolding subunit inner centromeric protein, Borealin, and Survivin, is a key regulator of cell division. It controls multiple events, from chromosome condensation in prophase to the final separation or abscission of the two daughter cells. The essential functions of the CPC during metaphase, however, have always hindered an accurate study of its role during cytokinesis. The recent development of small molecule inhibitors against Aurora B and the use of elegant technologies such as chemical genetics have offered new approaches to study the functions of the CPC at the end of cell division. Here, we review the recent findings about the roles of the CPC in controlling the assembly of the cleavage furrow, central spindle, and midbody. We will also discuss the crucial function of this complex in controlling abscission timing in order to prevent abscission when lagging chromatin is present at the cleavage site, thereby avoiding the formation of genetically abnormal daughter cells. Finally, we offer our perspective on how to exploit the potential therapeutic applications of inhibiting CPC activity during cytokinesis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Capalbo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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46
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Abstract
The evolutionary conserved chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is essential for faithful transmission of the genome during cell division. Perturbation of this complex in cultured cells gives rise to chromosome segregation errors and cytokinesis failure and as a consequence the ploidy status of the next generation of cells is changed. Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN) is observed in many human cancers, but whether this may be caused by deregulation of the CPC is unknown. In the present review, we discuss if and how a dysfunctional CPC could contribute to CIN in cancer.
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Aurora B Overexpression Causes Aneuploidy and p21Cip1 Repression during Tumor Development. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3566-78. [PMID: 26240282 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01286-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase B, one of the three members of the mammalian Aurora kinase family, is the catalytic component of the chromosomal passenger complex, an essential regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis. Aurora B is overexpressed in human tumors although whether this kinase may function as an oncogene in vivo is not established. Here, we report a new mouse model in which expression of the endogenous Aurkb locus can be induced in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Aurora B in cultured cells induces defective chromosome segregation and aneuploidy. Long-term overexpression of Aurora B in vivo results in aneuploidy and the development of multiple spontaneous tumors in adult mice, including a high incidence of lymphomas. Overexpression of Aurora B also results in a reduced DNA damage response and decreased levels of the p53 target p21(Cip1) in vitro and in vivo, in line with an inverse correlation between Aurora B and p21(Cip1) expression in human leukemias. Thus, overexpression of Aurora B may contribute to tumor formation not only by inducing chromosomal instability but also by suppressing the function of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(Cip1).
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Quimbaya M, Raspé E, Denecker G, De Craene B, Roelandt R, Declercq W, Sagaert X, De Veylder L, Berx G. Deregulation of the replisome factor MCMBP prompts oncogenesis in colorectal carcinomas through chromosomal instability. Neoplasia 2015; 16:694-709. [PMID: 25246271 PMCID: PMC4235010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instability has emerged as an important hallmark of human neoplasia. Although most types of cancers exhibit genetic instability to some extent, in colorectal cancers genetic instability is a distinctive characteristic. Recent studies have shown that deregulation of genes involved in sister chromatid cohesion can result in chromosomal instability in colorectal cancers. Here, we show that the replisome factor minichromosome maintenance complex–binding protein (MCMBP), which is directly involved in the dynamics of the minichromosome maintenance complex and contributes to maintaining sister chromatid cohesion, is transcriptionally misregulated in different types of carcinomas. Cellular studies revealed that both MCMBP knockdown and overexpression in different breast and colorectal cell lines is associated with the emergence of a subpopulation of cells with abnormal nuclear morphology that likely arise as a consequence of aberrant cohesion events. Association analysis integrating gene expression data with clinical information revealed that enhanced MCMBP transcript levels correlate with an increased probability of relapse risk in colorectal cancers and different types of carcinomas. Moreover, a detailed study of a cohort of colorectal tumors showed that the MCMBP protein accumulates to high levels in cancer cells, whereas in normal proliferating tissue its abundance is low, indicating that MCMBP could be exploited as a novel diagnostic marker for this type of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Quimbaya
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eric Raspé
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Denecker
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kitagawa M, Lee SH. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) as a key orchestrator of orderly mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:14. [PMID: 25798441 PMCID: PMC4350427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular network of orderly mitotic exit to re-establish a functional interphase nucleus is critical because disordered mitotic exit inevitably leads to genomic instability. In contrast to the mechanisms of the entrance to mitosis, however, little is known about what controls the orderly exit from mitosis, particularly in mammalian cells. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which is composed of Aurora B, INCENP, Borealin and Survivin, is one of the most widely studied and highly conserved hetero-tetrameric complexes. The CPC orchestrates proper chromosome segregation with cytokinesis by targeting to specific locations at different stages of mitosis. Recent studies reveal that controlling CPC localization and Aurora B kinase activity also serves as a key surveillance mechanism for the orderly mitotic exit. This ensures the reformation of a functional interphase nucleus from condensed mitotic chromosomes by delaying mitotic exit and cytokinetic processes in response to defects in chromosome segregation. In this review, we will summarize the latest insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate CPC localization during mitotic exit and discuss how targeting Aurora B activity to different locations at different times impacts executing multiple mitotic exit events in order and recently proposed surveillance mechanisms. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential implication of deregulated Aurora B in inducing genomic damage and tumorigenesis with current efforts in targeting Aurora B activity for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kitagawa
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore
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Sijare F, Geißler AL, Fichter CD, Hergeth SP, Bogatyreva L, Hauschke D, Schneider R, Werner M, Lassmann S. Aurora B expression and histone variant H1.4S27 phosphorylation are no longer coordinated during metaphase in aneuploid colorectal carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:503-15. [PMID: 25680570 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental model systems identified phosphorylation of linker histone variant H1.4 at Ser 27 (H1.4S27p) as a novel mitotic mark set by Aurora B kinase. Here, we examined expression of Aurora B and H1.4S27p in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines (HCT116, DLD1, Caco-2, HT29) and tissue specimens (n = 36), in relation to microsatellite instability (MSI) status and ploidy. In vitro, Aurora B (pro-/meta-/anaphase) and H1.4S27p (pro-/metaphase) were localized in mitotic figures. The proportion of labeled mitoses was significantly different between cell lines for Aurora B (p = 0.019) but not for H1.4S27p (p = 0.879). For Aurora B, these differences were not associated with an altered Aurora B gene copy number (FISH) or messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level (qRT-PCR). Moreover, Aurora B expression and H1.4S27 phosphorylation were no longer coordinated during metaphase in aneuploid HT29 cells (p = 0.039). In CRCs, immunoreactivity for Aurora B or H1.4S27p did not correlate with T- or N-stage, grade, or MSI status. However, metaphase labeling of H1.4S27p was significantly higher in diploid than in aneuploid CRCs (p = 0.011). Aurora B was significantly correlated with H1.4S27p-positive metaphases in MSI (p = 0.010) or diploid (p = 0.003) CRCs. Finally, combined classification of MSI status and ploidy revealed a significant positive correlation of Aurora B with H1.4S27p in metaphases of diploid/MSI (p = 0.010) and diploid/microsatellite-stable (MSS; p = 0.031) but not of aneuploid/MSS (p = 0.458) CRCs. The present study underlines the functional link of Aurora B expression and H1.4S27p during specific phases of mitosis in diploid and/or MSI-positive CRCs in vitro and in situ. Importantly, the study shows that the coordination between Aurora B expression and phosphorylation of H1.4 at Ser 27 is lost in cycling aneuploid CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Sijare
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Breisacherstrasse 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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