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Li L, Wazir J, Huang Z, Wang Y, Wang H. A comprehensive review of animal models for cancer cachexia: Implications for translational research. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101080. [PMID: 39220755 PMCID: PMC11364047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive weight loss and a disease process that nutritional support cannot reverse. Although progress has been made in preclinical research, there is still a long way to go in translating research findings into clinical practice. One of the main reasons for this is that existing preclinical models do not fully replicate the conditions seen in clinical patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of existing preclinical models of cancer cachexia and pay close attention to the latest developments in preclinical models. The main models of cancer cachexia used in current research are allogeneic and xenograft models, genetically engineered mouse models, chemotherapy drug-induced models, Chinese medicine spleen deficiency models, zebrafish and Drosophila models, and cellular models. This review aims to revisit and summarize the commonly used animal models of cancer cachexia by evaluating existing preclinical models, to provide tools and support for translational medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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2
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Lu RXZ, Zhao Y, Radisic M. The emerging role of heart-on-a-chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac dysfunction. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10581. [PMID: 38818123 PMCID: PMC11135153 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major global health concern since its emergence in 2019, with over 680 million confirmed cases as of April 2023. While COVID-19 has been strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, the specific mechanisms by which viral infection induces myocardial dysfunction remain largely controversial as studies have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can lead to heart failure both directly, by causing damage to the heart cells, and indirectly, by triggering an inflammatory response throughout the body. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of potential mechanisms that drive heart failure based on in vitro studies. We also discuss the significance of three-dimensional heart-on-a-chip technology in the context of the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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3
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Light-driven biological actuators to probe the rheology of 3D microtissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:717. [PMID: 36759504 PMCID: PMC9911700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological tissues are key to their physical integrity and function. Although external loading or biochemical treatments allow the estimation of these properties globally, it remains difficult to assess how such external stimuli compare with cell-generated contractions. Here we engineer microtissues composed of optogenetically-modified fibroblasts encapsulated within collagen. Using light to control the activity of RhoA, a major regulator of cellular contractility, we induce local contractions within microtissues, while monitoring microtissue stress and strain. We investigate the regulation of these local contractions and their spatio-temporal distribution. We demonstrate the potential of our technique for quantifying tissue elasticity and strain propagation, before examining the possibility of using light to create and map local anisotropies in mechanically heterogeneous microtissues. Altogether, our results open an avenue to guide the formation of tissues while non-destructively charting their rheology in real time, using their own constituting cells as internal actuators.
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4
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Rose N, Estrada Chavez B, Sonam S, Nguyen T, Grenci G, Bigot A, Muchir A, Ladoux B, Cadot B, Le Grand F, Trichet L. Bioengineering a miniaturized in vitro 3D myotube contraction monitoring chip to model muscular dystrophies. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121935. [PMID: 36584444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of skeletal muscle functional contraction is essential to assess the outcomes of therapeutic procedures for neuromuscular disorders. Muscle three-dimensional "Organ-on-chip" models usually require a substantial amount of biological material, which rarely can be obtained from patient biopsies. Here, we developed a miniaturized 3D myotube culture chip with contraction monitoring capacity at the single cell level. Optimized micropatterned substrate design enabled to obtain high culture yields in tightly controlled microenvironments, with myotubes derived from primary human myoblasts displaying spontaneous contractions. Analysis of nuclear morphology confirmed similar myonuclei structure between obtained myotubes and in vivo myofibers, as compared to 2D monolayers. LMNA-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) was modeled with successful development of diseased 3D myotubes displaying reduced contraction. The miniaturized myotube technology can thus be used to study contraction characteristics and evaluate how diseases affect muscle organization and force generation. Importantly, it requires significantly fewer starting materials than current systems, which should substantially improve drug screening capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rose
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Berenice Estrada Chavez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Surabhi Sonam
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
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Ostrovidov S, Ramalingam M, Bae H, Orive G, Fujie T, Shi X, Kaji H. Latest developments in engineered skeletal muscle tissues for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:47-63. [PMID: 36535280 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the advances in skeletal muscle tissue engineering, new platforms have arisen with important applications in biology studies, disease modeling, and drug testing. Current developments highlight the quest for engineering skeletal muscle tissues with higher complexity . These new human skeletal muscle tissue models will be powerful tools for drug discovery and development and disease modeling. AREAS COVERED The authors review the latest advances in in vitro models of engineered skeletal muscle tissues used for testing drugs with a focus on the use of four main cell culture techniques: Cell cultures in well plates, in microfluidics, in organoids, and in bioprinted constructs. Additional information is provided on the satellite cell niche. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, more sophisticated in vitro models of skeletal muscle tissues have been fabricated. Important developments have been made in stem cell research and in the engineering of human skeletal muscle tissue. Some platforms have already started to be used for drug testing, notably those based on the parameters of hypertrophy/atrophy and the contractibility of myotubes. More developments are expected through the use of multicellular types and multi-materials as matrices . The validation and use of these models in drug testing should now increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hojae Bae
- KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Sanchez MM, Bagdasarian IA, Darch W, Morgan JT. Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9338-9383. [PMID: 36435511 PMCID: PMC9740367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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7
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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8
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Vesga-Castro C, Aldazabal J, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Paredes J. Contractile force assessment methods for in vitro skeletal muscle tissues. eLife 2022; 11:e77204. [PMID: 35604384 PMCID: PMC9126583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in measuring the contractile force (CF) of engineered muscle tissues to evaluate their functionality. However, there are still no standards available for selecting the most suitable experimental platform, measuring system, culture protocol, or stimulation patterns. Consequently, the high variability of published data hinders any comparison between different studies. We have identified that cantilever deflection, post deflection, and force transducers are the most commonly used configurations for CF assessment in 2D and 3D models. Additionally, we have discussed the most relevant emerging technologies that would greatly complement CF evaluation with intracellular and localized analysis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most significant advances in CF evaluation and its critical parameters. In order to compare contractile performance across experimental platforms, we have used the specific force (sF, kN/m2), CF normalized to the calculated cross-sectional area (CSA). However, this parameter presents a high variability throughout the different studies, which indicates the need to identify additional parameters and complementary analysis suitable for proper comparison. We propose that future contractility studies in skeletal muscle constructs report detailed information about construct size, contractile area, maturity level, sarcomere length, and, ideally, the tetanus-to-twitch ratio. These studies will hopefully shed light on the relative impact of these variables on muscle force performance of engineered muscle constructs. Prospective advances in muscle tissue engineering, particularly in muscle disease models, will require a joint effort to develop standardized methodologies for assessing CF of engineered muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vesga-Castro
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesMadridSpain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
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Yamamoto K, Ohsumi S, Nagashima T, Akiyama H, Honda H, Shimizu K. Screening of anti-atrophic peptides by using photo-cleavable peptide array and 96-well scale contractile human skeletal muscle atrophy models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2196-2205. [PMID: 35478456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by decreases in protein content, myofiber diameter, and contractile force generation. As muscle atrophy worsens the quality of life, the development of anti-atrophic substances is desirable. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate a screening process for anti-atrophic peptides using photo-cleavable peptide array technology and human contractile atrophic muscle models. We developed a 96-well system, and established a screening process with less variability. Dexamethasone-induced human atrophic tissue was constructed on the system. Eight peptides were selected from the literature and used for the screening of peptides for preventing the decrease of the contractile forces of tissues. The peptide QIGFIW, which showed preventive activity, was selected as the seed sequence. As a result of amino acid substitution, we obtained QIGFIQ as a peptide with higher anti-atrophic activity. These results indicate that the combinatorial use of the photo-cleavable peptide array technology and 96-well screening system could comprise a powerful approach to obtaining anti-atrophic peptides, and suggest that the 96-well screening system and atrophic model represent a practical and powerful tool for the development of drugs/functional food ingredients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Saki Ohsumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Akiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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10
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Zschüntzsch J, Meyer S, Shahriyari M, Kummer K, Schmidt M, Kummer S, Tiburcy M. The Evolution of Complex Muscle Cell In Vitro Models to Study Pathomechanisms and Drug Development of Neuromuscular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1233. [PMID: 35406795 PMCID: PMC8997482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disease entities possess a significant disease burden and therapeutic options remain limited. Innovative human preclinical models may help to uncover relevant disease mechanisms and enhance the translation of therapeutic findings to strengthen neuromuscular disease precision medicine. By concentrating on idiopathic inflammatory muscle disorders, we summarize the recent evolution of the novel in vitro models to study disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. A particular focus is laid on the integration and simulation of multicellular interactions of muscle tissue in disease phenotypes in vitro. Finally, the requirements of a neuromuscular disease drug development workflow are discussed with a particular emphasis on cell sources, co-culture systems (including organoids), functionality, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Shahriyari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Kummer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.M.); (K.K.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susann Kummer
- Risk Group 4 Pathogens–Stability and Persistence, Biosafety Level-4 Laboratory, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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11
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Smith AST, Luttrell SM, Dupont JB, Gray K, Lih D, Fleming JW, Cunningham NJ, Jepson S, Hesson J, Mathieu J, Maves L, Berry BJ, Fisher EC, Sniadecki NJ, Geisse NA, Mack DL. High-throughput, real-time monitoring of engineered skeletal muscle function using magnetic sensing. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221122127. [PMID: 36082311 PMCID: PMC9445471 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered muscle tissues represent powerful tools for examining tissue level contractile properties of skeletal muscle. However, limitations in the throughput associated with standard analysis methods limit their utility for longitudinal study, high throughput drug screens, and disease modeling. Here we present a method for integrating 3D engineered skeletal muscles with a magnetic sensing system to facilitate non-invasive, longitudinal analysis of developing contraction kinetics. Using this platform, we show that engineered skeletal muscle tissues derived from both induced pluripotent stem cell and primary sources undergo improvements in contractile output over time in culture. We demonstrate how magnetic sensing of contractility can be employed for simultaneous assessment of multiple tissues subjected to different doses of known skeletal muscle inotropes as well as the stratification of healthy versus diseased functional profiles in normal and dystrophic muscle cells. Based on these data, this combined culture system and magnet-based contractility platform greatly broadens the potential for 3D engineered skeletal muscle tissues to impact the translation of novel therapies from the lab to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec ST Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Dupont
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nantes Université, INSERM, TARGET, Nantes, France
| | - Kevin Gray
- Curi Bio Inc., 3000 Western Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Lih
- Curi Bio Inc., 3000 Western Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Sofia Jepson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hesson
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - David L Mack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Spörrer M, Kah D, Gerum RC, Reischl B, Huraskin D, Dessalles CA, Schneider W, Goldmann WH, Herrmann H, Thievessen I, Clemen CS, Friedrich O, Hashemolhosseini S, Schröder R, Fabry B. The desmin mutation R349P increases contractility and fragility of stem cell-generated muscle micro-tissues. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12784. [PMID: 34850968 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desminopathies comprise hereditary myopathies and cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin that lead to severe and often lethal degeneration of striated muscle tissue. Animal and single cell studies hinted that this degeneration process is associated with massive ultrastructural defects correlating with increased susceptibility of the muscle to acute mechanical stress. The underlying mechanism of mechanical susceptibility, and how muscle degeneration develops over time, however, has remained elusive. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of a desmin mutation on the formation, differentiation, and contractile function of in vitro-engineered three-dimensional micro-tissues grown from muscle stem cells (satellite cells) isolated from heterozygous R349P desmin knock-in mice. RESULTS Micro-tissues grown from desmin-mutated cells exhibited spontaneous unsynchronised contractions, higher contractile forces in response to electrical stimulation, and faster force recovery compared with tissues grown from wild-type cells. Within 1 week of culture, the majority of R349P desmin-mutated tissues disintegrated, whereas wild-type tissues remained intact over at least three weeks. Moreover, under tetanic stimulation lasting less than 5 s, desmin-mutated tissues partially or completely ruptured, whereas wild-type tissues did not display signs of damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the progressive degeneration of desmin-mutated micro-tissues is closely linked to extracellular matrix fibre breakage associated with increased contractile forces and unevenly distributed tensile stress. This suggests that the age-related degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients suffering from desminopathies may be similarly exacerbated by mechanical damage from high-intensity muscle contractions. We conclude that micro-tissues may provide a valuable tool for studying the organization of myocytes and the pathogenic mechanisms of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Spörrer
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Delf Kah
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard C Gerum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claire A Dessalles
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Werner Schneider
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Ebrahimi M, Lad H, Fusto A, Tiper Y, Datye A, Nguyen CT, Jacques E, Moyle LA, Nguyen T, Musgrave B, Chávez-Madero C, Bigot A, Chen C, Turner S, Stewart BA, Pegoraro E, Vitiello L, Gilbert PM. De novo revertant fiber formation and therapy testing in a 3D culture model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:227-244. [PMID: 34048976 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological basis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathology is only partially characterized and there are still few disease-modifying therapies available, therein underlying the value of strategies to model and study DMD. Dystrophin, the causative gene of DMD, is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton of muscle fibers to the extracellular matrix beyond the sarcolemma. We posited that disease-associated phenotypes not yet captured by two-dimensional culture methods would arise by generating multinucleated muscle cells within a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix environment. Herein we report methods to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using clonal, immortalized myoblast lines established from healthy and DMD donors. We also established protocols to evaluate immortalized hMMT self-organization and myotube maturation, as well as calcium handling, force generation, membrane stability (i.e., creatine kinase activity and Evans blue dye permeability) and contractile apparatus organization following electrical-stimulation. In examining hMMTs generated with a cell line wherein the dystrophin gene possessed a duplication of exon 2, we observed rare dystrophin-positive myotubes, which were not seen in 2D cultures. Further, we show that treating DMD hMMTs with a β1-integrin activating antibody, improves contractile apparatus maturation and stability. Hence, immortalized myoblast-derived DMD hMMTs offer a pre-clinical system with which to investigate the potential of duplicated exon skipping strategies and those that protect muscle cells from contraction-induced injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder that is caused by mutation of the dystrophin gene. The biological basis of DMD pathology is only partially characterized and there is no cure for this fatal disease. Here we report a method to produce 3D human skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) using immortalized human DMD and healthy myoblasts. Morphological and functional assessment revealed DMD-associated pathophysiology including impaired calcium handling and de novo formation of dystrophin-positive revertant muscle cells in immortalized DMD hMMTs harbouring an exon 2 duplication, a feature of many DMD patients that has not been recapitulated in culture prior to this report. We further demonstrate that this "DMD in a dish" system can be used as a pre-clinical assay to test a putative DMD therapeutic and study the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Heta Lad
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Aurora Fusto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Yekaterina Tiper
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Asiman Datye
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Christine T Nguyen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Erik Jacques
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Louise A Moyle
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Brennen Musgrave
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Carolina Chávez-Madero
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris UMRS974, France
| | - Chun Chen
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Bryan A Stewart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Italy
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada.
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14
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Canonico F, Chirivi M, Maiullari F, Milan M, Rizzi R, Arcudi A, Galli M, Pane M, Gowran A, Pompilio G, Mercuri E, Crea F, Bearzi C, D'Amario D. Focus on the road to modelling cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1872-1884. [PMID: 34254111 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the DMD gene, which codes for the protein dystrophin, cause forms of dystrophinopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked disease. Cardiomyopathy linked to DMD mutations is becoming the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathy. Since phenotypic pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood, the improvement and development of new disease models, considering their relative advantages and disadvantages, is essential. The application of genetic engineering approaches on induced pluripotent stem cells, such as gene editing technology, enables the development of physiologically relevant human cell models for in vitro dystrophinopathy studies. The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular cell types and 3 D bioprinting technologies hold great promise for the study of dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy. This combined approach enables the assessment of responses to physical or chemical stimuli, and the influence of pharmaceutical approaches. The critical objective of in vitro microphysiological systems is to more accurately reproduce the microenvironment observed in vivo. Ground-breaking methodology involving the connection of multiple microphysiological systems comprised of different tissues would represent a move toward precision body-on-chip disease modelling could lead to a critical expansion in what is known about inter-organ responses to disease and novel therapies that have the potential to replace animal models. In this review, we will focus on the generation, development, and application of current cellular, animal and potential for bio-printed models, in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy in the direction of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Canonico
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maiullari
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arcudi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
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15
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Davidson ZE, Hughes I, Ryan MM, Kornberg AJ, Cairns AG, Jones K, Hutchence M, Sampaio H, Morrison M, Truby H. Effect of a multicomponent nutritional supplement on functional outcomes for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4702-4711. [PMID: 34237697 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular condition causing progressive muscle weakness and premature death. Whilst effective treatments such as gene therapy are developed, families often seek complementary therapies such as nutrition supplements to help their son maintain function; however, there is limited evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplements in DMD. This study aimed to compare the effect of a Standard nutritional supplement with an Enhanced nutritional supplement combining three nutriceuticals on functional outcomes in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DESIGN A 50-week double blinded, randomized, controlled crossover trial was conducted in four Australian neuromuscular centres. Primary outcome measures were 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and community ambulation (StepWatch™ Activity Monitoring). Secondary outcome measures included body composition and quality of life. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured. RESULTS Twenty-seven boys completed the intervention. Traditional crossover analysis demonstrated the Enhanced supplement compared to the Standard supplement was associated with a difference of +12 (95% CI: -16, 40) metres in 6MWD, +0.5 (95% CI: -53, 54) inactive minutes per day and -95 (95% CI: -887, 696) steps per day. A mixed effect model indicated a potentially clinically important effect of the Enhanced supplement on the 6MWD of +31 (95% CI: -19, 81) metres. Mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels at week 50 was 94 (95% CI: 84, 104) nmol/L. There was no observable effect of either supplement regime on body composition or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Whilst a positive effect of the Enhanced supplement on functional outcomes was observed, this finding was inconclusive due to the small sample size. The results do not support the use of combined nutritional supplements to improve body composition or quality of life in DMD. A dose of 2000 IU vitamin D was an adequate dose to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 50 weeks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Registry #: ACTRN12610000462088, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12610000462088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ian Hughes
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kornberg
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anita G Cairns
- Neurosciences Department, Queensland's Children Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristi Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meghan Hutchence
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugo Sampaio
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margot Morrison
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Uchimura T, Asano T, Nakata T, Hotta A, Sakurai H. A muscle fatigue-like contractile decline was recapitulated using skeletal myotubes from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient-derived iPSCs. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100298. [PMID: 34195678 PMCID: PMC8233665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle degenerating disease caused by dystrophin deficiency, for which therapeutic options are limited. To facilitate drug development, it is desirable to develop in vitro disease models that enable the evaluation of DMD declines in contractile performance. Here, we show MYOD1-induced differentiation of hiPSCs into functional skeletal myotubes in vitro with collagen gel and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Long-term EFS training (0.5 Hz, 20 V, 2 ms, continuous for 2 weeks) mimicking muscle overuse recapitulates declines in contractile performance in dystrophic myotubes. A screening of clinically relevant drugs using this model detects three compounds that ameliorate this decline. Furthermore, we validate the feasibility of adapting the model to a 96-well culture system using optogenetic technology for large-scale screening. Our results support a disease model using patient-derived iPSCs that allows for the recapitulation of the contractile pathogenesis of DMD and a screening strategy for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uchimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Asano
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,The Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takao Nakata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,The Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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17
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Acosta FM, Jia UTA, Stojkova K, Howland KK, Guda T, Pacelli S, Brey EM, Rathbone CR. Diabetic Conditions Confer Metabolic and Structural Modifications to Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:549-560. [PMID: 32878567 PMCID: PMC8126424 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that is directly involved in the progression and persistence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a disease that is becoming increasingly common. Gaining better insight into the mechanisms that are affecting skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of T2D has the potential to lead to novel treatments for a large number of patients. Through its ability to emulate skeletal muscle architecture while also incorporating aspects of disease, tissue-engineered skeletal muscle (TE-SkM) has the potential to provide a means for rapid high-throughput discovery of therapies to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction, to include that which occurs with T2D. Muscle precursor cells isolated from lean or obese male Zucker diabetic fatty rats were used to generate TE-SkM constructs. Some constructs were treated with adipogenic induction media to accentuate the presence of adipocytes that is a characteristic feature of T2D skeletal muscle. The maturity (compaction and creatine kinase activity), mechanical integrity (Young's modulus), organization (myotube orientation), and metabolic capacity (insulin-stimulated glucose uptake) were all reduced by diabetes. Treating constructs with adipogenic induction media increased the quantity of lipid within the diabetic TE-SkM constructs, and caused changes in construct compaction, cell orientation, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both lean and diabetic samples. Collectively, the findings herein suggest that the recapitulation of structural and metabolic aspects of T2D can be accomplished by engineering skeletal muscle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - U-Ter Aonda Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kennedy K. Howland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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18
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Berardi E, Madaro L, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Adamo S, Thorrez L, Bouche M, Coletti D. A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010116. [PMID: 33445790 PMCID: PMC7828214 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight loss, mostly due to the wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is the hallmark of the so-called cachexia syndrome. Cachexia is associated with several acute and chronic disease states such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart and kidney failure, and acquired and autoimmune diseases and also pharmacological treatments such as chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of cachexia and its impact on patients’ quality of life has been neglected for decades. Only recently did the international community agree upon a definition of the term cachexia, and we are still awaiting the standardization of markers and tests for the diagnosis and staging of cancer-related cachexia. In this review, we discuss cachexia, considering the evolving use of the term for diagnostic purposes and the implications it has for clinical biomarkers, to provide a comprehensive overview of its biology and clinical management. Advances and tools developed so far for the in vitro testing of cachexia and drug screening will be described. We will also evaluate the nomenclature of different forms of muscle wasting and degeneration and discuss features that distinguish cachexia from other forms of muscle wasting in the context of different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Berardi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (E.B.); (L.T.)
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL, Hasselt University (UHasselt), 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luca Madaro
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (B.L.-O.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (B.L.-O.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (B.L.-O.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (E.B.); (L.T.)
| | - Marina Bouche
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (B.L.-O.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(6)-4976-6755/6573
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (B.L.-O.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
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19
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Fernández-Costa JM, Fernández-Garibay X, Velasco-Mallorquí F, Ramón-Azcón J. Bioengineered in vitro skeletal muscles as new tools for muscular dystrophies preclinical studies. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420981339. [PMID: 33628411 PMCID: PMC7882756 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420981339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of highly disabling disorders that share degenerative muscle weakness and wasting as common symptoms. To date, there is not an effective cure for these diseases. In the last years, bioengineered tissues have emerged as powerful tools for preclinical studies. In this review, we summarize the recent technological advances in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. We identify several ground-breaking techniques to fabricate in vitro bioartificial muscles. Accumulating evidence shows that scaffold-based tissue engineering provides topographical cues that enhance the viability and maturation of skeletal muscle. Functional bioartificial muscles have been developed using human myoblasts. These tissues accurately responded to electrical and biological stimulation. Moreover, advanced drug screening tools can be fabricated integrating these tissues in electrical stimulation platforms. However, more work introducing patient-derived cells and integrating these tissues in microdevices is needed to promote the clinical translation of bioengineered skeletal muscle as preclinical tools for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Fernández-Costa
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiomara Fernández-Garibay
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Velasco-Mallorquí
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Xu B, Siehr A, Shen W. Functional skeletal muscle constructs from transdifferentiated human fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22047. [PMID: 33328524 PMCID: PMC7744552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of human non-muscle cells directly into myogenic cells by forced expression of MyoD represents one route to obtain highly desirable human myogenic cells. However, functional properties of the tissue constructs derived from these transdifferentiated cells have been rarely studied. Here, we report that three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs engineered with iMyoD-hTERT-NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts transduced with genes encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase and doxycycline-inducible MyoD, generate detectable contractile forces in response to electrical stimuli upon MyoD expression. Withdrawal of doxycycline in the middle of 3D culture results in 3.05 and 2.28 times increases in twitch and tetanic forces, respectively, suggesting that temporally-controlled MyoD expression benefits functional myogenic differentiation of transdifferentiated myoblast-like cells. Treatment with CHIR99021, a Wnt activator, and DAPT, a Notch inhibitor, leads to further enhanced contractile forces. The ability of these abundant and potentially patient-specific and disease-specific cells to develop into functional skeletal muscle constructs makes them highly valuable for many applications, such as disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Allison Siehr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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21
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Nagashima T, Hadiwidjaja S, Ohsumi S, Murata A, Hisada T, Kato R, Okada Y, Honda H, Shimizu K. In Vitro Model of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissues with Contractility Fabricated by Immortalized Human Myogenic Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000121. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Stacy Hadiwidjaja
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Saki Ohsumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Akari Murata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Takumi Hisada
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8601 Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8601 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neurology Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Aichi 480‐1195 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya 464‐8603 Japan
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22
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Boso D, Maghin E, Carraro E, Giagante M, Pavan P, Piccoli M. Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogels as Biomaterial for Different Skeletal Muscle Tissue Replacements. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112483. [PMID: 32486040 PMCID: PMC7321144 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, skeletal muscle represents a complex and challenging tissue to be generated in vitro for tissue engineering purposes. Several attempts have been pursued to develop hydrogels with different formulations resembling in vitro the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo. This review article describes how different types of cell-laden hydrogels recapitulate the multiple interactions occurring between extracellular matrix (ECM) and muscle cells. A special attention is focused on the biochemical cues that affect myocytes morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance, underlining the importance of topographical cues exerted on the hydrogels to guide cellular orientation and facilitate myogenic differentiation and maturation. Moreover, we highlight the crucial role of 3D printing and bioreactors as useful platforms to finely control spatial deposition of cells into ECM based hydrogels and provide the skeletal muscle native-like tissue microenvironment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Boso
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenia Carraro
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Giagante
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Pavan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (E.C.); (M.G.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.P.)
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23
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Afshar ME, Abraha HY, Bakooshli MA, Davoudi S, Thavandiran N, Tung K, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ, Zandstra PW, Gilbert PM. A 96-well culture platform enables longitudinal analyses of engineered human skeletal muscle microtissue strength. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6918. [PMID: 32332853 PMCID: PMC7181829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of human skeletal muscle mimic aspects of native tissue structure and function, thereby providing a promising system for disease modeling, drug discovery or pre-clinical validation, and toxicity testing. Widespread adoption of this research approach is hindered by the lack of easy-to-use platforms that are simple to fabricate and that yield arrays of human skeletal muscle micro-tissues (hMMTs) in culture with reproducible physiological responses that can be assayed non-invasively. Here, we describe a design and methods to generate a reusable mold to fabricate a 96-well platform, referred to as MyoTACTIC, that enables bulk production of 3D hMMTs. All 96-wells and all well features are cast in a single step from the reusable mold. Non-invasive calcium transient and contractile force measurements are performed on hMMTs directly in MyoTACTIC, and unbiased force analysis occurs by a custom automated algorithm, allowing for longitudinal studies of function. Characterizations of MyoTACTIC and resulting hMMTs confirms the capability of the device to support formation of hMMTs that recapitulate biological responses. We show that hMMT contractile force mirrors expected responses to compounds shown by others to decrease (dexamethasone, cerivastatin) or increase (IGF-1) skeletal muscle strength. Since MyoTACTIC supports hMMT long-term culture, we evaluated direct influences of pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutics agents on contraction competent human skeletal muscle myotubes. A single application of a clinically relevant dose of Irinotecan decreased hMMT contractile force generation, while clear effects on myotube atrophy were observed histologically only at a higher dose. This suggests an off-target effect that may contribute to cancer associated muscle wasting, and highlights the value of the MyoTACTIC platform to non-invasively predict modulators of human skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Afshar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haben Y Abraha
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohsen A Bakooshli
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nimalan Thavandiran
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kayee Tung
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henry Ahn
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Howard J Ginsberg
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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24
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Broer T, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Can we mimic skeletal muscles for novel drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:643-645. [PMID: 32122176 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1736031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torie Broer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, NC, USA
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25
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High-throughput identification of post-transcriptional utrophin up-regulators for Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2132. [PMID: 32034254 PMCID: PMC7005813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of endogenous utrophin offers great promise for treating DMD, as it can functionally compensate for the lack of dystrophin caused by DMD gene mutations, without the immunogenic concerns associated with delivering dystrophin. However, post-transcriptional repression mechanisms targeting the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of utrophin mRNA significantly limit the magnitude of utrophin upregulation achievable by promoter activation. Using a utrophin 5′3′UTR reporter assay, we performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) for small molecules capable of relieving utrophin post-transcriptional repression. We identified 27 hits that were ranked using a using an algorithm that we designed for hit prioritization that we call Hit to Lead Prioritization Score (H2LPS). The top 10 hits were validated using an orthogonal assay for endogenous utrophin expression. Evaluation of the top scoring hit, Trichostatin A (TSA), demonstrated utrophin upregulation and functional improvement in the mdx mouse model of DMD. TSA and the other small molecules identified here represent potential starting points for DMD drug discovery efforts.
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26
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Gholobova D, Terrie L, Gerard M, Declercq H, Thorrez L. Vascularization of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Biomaterials 2019; 235:119708. [PMID: 31999964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue can be created in vitro by tissue engineering approaches, based on differentiation of muscle stem cells. Several approaches exist and generally result in three dimensional constructs composed of multinucleated myofibers to which we refer as myooids. Engineering methods date back to 3 decades ago and meanwhile a wide range of cell types and scaffold types have been evaluated. Nevertheless, in most approaches, myooids remain very small to allow for diffusion-mediated nutrient supply and waste product removal, typically less than 1 mm thick. One of the shortcomings of current in vitro skeletal muscle organoid development is the lack of a functional vascular structure, thus limiting the size of myooids. This is a challenge which is nowadays applicable to almost all organoid systems. Several approaches to obtain a vascular structure within myooids have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to give a concise overview of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gholobova
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - M Gerard
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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27
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Najjar SA, Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer CW, Cai Y, Srinivasan B, Martin C, Vandenburgh HH, Hickman JJ. A multiplexed in vitro assay system for evaluating human skeletal muscle functionality in response to drug treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:736-747. [PMID: 31758543 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In vitro systems that mimic organ functionality have become increasingly important tools in drug development studies. Systems that measure the functional properties of skeletal muscle are beneficial to compound screening studies and also for integration into multiorgan devices. To date, no studies have investigated human skeletal muscle responses to drug treatments at the single myotube level in vitro. This report details a microscale cantilever chip-based assay system for culturing individual human myotubes. The cantilevers, along with a laser and photo-detector system, enable measurement of myotube contractions in response to broad-field electrical stimulation. This system was used to obtain baseline functional parameters for untreated human myotubes, including peak contractile force and time-to-fatigue data. The cultured myotubes were then treated with known myotoxic compounds and the resulting functional changes were compared to baseline measurements as well as known physiological responses in vivo. The collected data demonstrate the system's capacity for screening direct effects of compound action on individual human skeletal myotubes in a reliable, reproducible, and noninvasive manner. Furthermore, it has the potential to be utilized for high-content screening, disease modeling, and exercise studies of human skeletal muscle performance utilizing iPSCs derived from specific patient populations such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alexander S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Herman H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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28
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Tiburcy M, Markov A, Kraemer LK, Christalla P, Rave‐Fraenk M, Fischer HJ, Reichardt HM, Zimmermann W. Regeneration competent satellite cell niches in rat engineered skeletal muscle. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:731-746. [PMID: 32123818 PMCID: PMC6996344 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells reside in defined niches and are activated upon skeletal muscle injury to facilitate regeneration. Mechanistic studies of skeletal muscle regeneration are hampered by the inability to faithfully simulate satellite cell biology in vitro. We sought to overcome this limitation by developing tissue engineered skeletal muscle (ESM) with (1) satellite cell niches and (2) the capacity to regenerate after injury. ESMs contained quiescent Pax7-positive satellite cells in morphologically defined niches. Satellite cells could be activated to repair (i) cardiotoxin and (ii) mechanical crush injuries. Activation of the Wnt-pathway was essential for muscle regeneration. Finally, muscle progenitors from the engineered niche developed de novo ESM in vitro and regenerated skeletal muscle after cardiotoxin-induced injury in vivo. We conclude that ESM with functional progenitor niches reminiscent of the in vivo satellite cell niches can be engineered in vitro. ESM may ultimately be exploited in disease modeling, drug screening, or muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Alex Markov
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lena K. Kraemer
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Peter Christalla
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Margret Rave‐Fraenk
- Department of Radiation Therapy and RadiooncologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Henrike J. Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Present address:
Institute for ImmunologyMedical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Wolfram‐Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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29
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Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Yeager K, Teles D, Chen T, Ma S, Song L, Morikawa K, Wobma HM, Vasciaveo A, Ruiz EC, Yazawa M, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Engineering of human cardiac muscle electromechanically matured to an adult-like phenotype. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2781-2817. [PMID: 31492957 PMCID: PMC7195192 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of tissue-engineering approaches to human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells enables the development of physiologically relevant human tissue models for in vitro studies of development, regeneration, and disease. However, the immature phenotype of hiPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) limits their utility. We have developed a protocol to generate engineered cardiac tissues from hiPS cells and electromechanically mature them toward an adult-like phenotype. This protocol also provides optimized methods for analyzing these tissues' functionality, ultrastructure, and cellular properties. The approach relies on biological adaptation of cultured tissues subjected to biomimetic cues, applied at an increasing intensity, to drive accelerated maturation. hiPS cells are differentiated into cardiomyocytes and used immediately after the first contractions are observed, when they still have developmental plasticity. This starting cell population is combined with human dermal fibroblasts, encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel and allowed to compact under passive tension in a custom-designed bioreactor. After 7 d of tissue formation, the engineered tissues are matured for an additional 21 d by increasingly intense electromechanical stimulation. Tissue properties can be evaluated by measuring contractile function, responsiveness to electrical stimuli, ultrastructure properties (sarcomere length, mitochondrial density, networks of transverse tubules), force-frequency and force-length relationships, calcium handling, and responses to β-adrenergic agonists. Cell properties can be evaluated by monitoring gene/protein expression, oxidative metabolism, and electrophysiology. The protocol takes 4 weeks and requires experience in advanced cell culture and machining methods for bioreactor fabrication. We anticipate that this protocol will improve modeling of cardiac diseases and testing of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Yeager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diogo Teles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Timothy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - LouJin Song
- Departments of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Departments of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly M Wobma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Edward C Ruiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Departments of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, and of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Fleming JW, Capel AJ, Rimington RP, Player DJ, Stolzing A, Lewis MP. Functional regeneration of tissue engineered skeletal muscle in vitro is dependent on the inclusion of basement membrane proteins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:371-382. [PMID: 31376315 PMCID: PMC6790946 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a high regenerative capacity, injuries trigger a regenerative program which restores tissue function to a level indistinguishable to the pre-injury state. However, in some cases where significant trauma occurs, such as injuries seen in military populations, the regenerative process is overwhelmed and cannot restore full function. Limited clinical interventions exist which can be used to promote regeneration and prevent the formation of non-regenerative defects following severe skeletal muscle trauma. Robust and reproducible techniques for modelling complex tissue responses are essential to promote the discovery of effective clinical interventions. Tissue engineering has been highlighted as an alternative method, allowing the generation of three-dimensional in vivo like tissues without laboratory animals. Reducing the requirement for animal models promotes rapid screening of potential clinical interventions, as these models are more easily manipulated, genetically and pharmacologically, and reduce the associated cost and complexity, whilst increasing access to models for laboratories without animal facilities. In this study, an in vitro chemical injury using barium chloride is validated using the C2C12 myoblast cell line, and is shown to selectively remove multinucleated myotubes, whilst retaining a regenerative mononuclear cell population. Monolayer cultures showed limited regenerative capacity, with basement membrane supplementation or extended regenerative time incapable of improving the regenerative response. Conversely tissue engineered skeletal muscles, supplemented with basement membrane proteins, showed full functional regeneration, and a broader in vivo like inflammatory response. This work outlines a freely available and open access methodology to produce a cell line-based tissue engineered model of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Fleming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan P Rimington
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Player
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Piga D, Salani S, Magri F, Brusa R, Mauri E, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Corti S. Human induced pluripotent stem cell models for the study and treatment of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419833478. [PMID: 31105767 PMCID: PMC6501480 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419833478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are the most common muscle diseases and are both currently incurable. They are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to the absence or reduction/truncation of the encoded protein, with progressive muscle degeneration that clinically manifests in muscle weakness, cardiac and respiratory involvement and early death. The limits of animal models to exactly reproduce human muscle disease and to predict clinically relevant treatment effects has prompted the development of more accurate in vitro skeletal muscle models. However, the challenge of effectively obtaining mature skeletal muscle cells or satellite stem cells as primary cultures has hampered the development of in vitro models. Here, we discuss the recently developed technologies that enable the differentiation of skeletal muscle from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of Duchenne and Becker patients. These systems recapitulate key disease features including inflammation and scarce regenerative myogenic capacity that are partially rescued by genetic and pharmacological therapies and can provide a useful platform to study and realize future therapeutic treatments. Implementation of this model also takes advantage of the developing genome editing field, which is a promising approach not only for correcting dystrophin, but also for modulating the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and disease. These data prove the possibility of creating an accurate Duchenne and Becker in vitro model starting from iPSCs, to be used for pathogenetic studies and for drug screening to identify strategies capable of stopping or reversing muscular dystrophinopathies and other muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Brusa
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mauri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Mills RJ, Parker BL, Monnot P, Needham EJ, Vivien CJ, Ferguson C, Parton RG, James DE, Porrello ER, Hudson JE. Development of a human skeletal micro muscle platform with pacing capabilities. Biomaterials 2018; 198:217-227. [PMID: 30527761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional engineered culture systems are powerful tools to rapidly expand our knowledge of human biology and identify novel therapeutic targets for disease. Bioengineered skeletal muscle has been recently shown to recapitulate many features of native muscle biology. However, current skeletal muscle bioengineering approaches require large numbers of cells, reagents and labour, limiting their potential for high-throughput studies. Herein, we use a miniaturized 96-well micro-muscle platform to facilitate semi-automated tissue formation, culture and analysis of human skeletal micro muscles (hμMs). Utilising an iterative screening approach we define a serum-free differentiation protocol that drives rapid, directed differentiation of human myoblast to skeletal myofibres. The resulting hμMs comprised organised bundles of striated and functional myofibres, which respond appropriately to electrical stimulation. Additionally, we developed an optogenetic approach to chronically stimulate hμM to recapitulate known features of exercise training including myofibre hypertrophy and increased expression of metabolic proteins. Taken together, our miniaturized approach provides a new platform to enable high-throughput studies of human skeletal muscle biology and exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mills
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Pauline Monnot
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement-Institut de Biologie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Celine J Vivien
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - James E Hudson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.
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Thorrez L, DiSano K, Shansky J, Vandenburgh H. Engineering of Human Skeletal Muscle With an Autologous Deposited Extracellular Matrix. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1076. [PMID: 30177884 PMCID: PMC6109771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle progenitor cells can be embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue-engineered to form bio-artificial muscles (BAMs), composed of aligned post-mitotic myofibers. The ECM proteins which have been used most commonly are collagen type I and fibrin. Fibrin allows for in vitro vasculogenesis, however, high concentrations of fibrinolysis inhibitors are needed to inhibit degradation of the ECM and subsequent loss of BAM tissue structure. For in vivo implantation, fibrinolysis inhibition may prove difficult or even harmful to the host. Therefore, we adapted in vitro culture conditions to enhance the deposition of de novo synthesized collagen type I gradually replacing the degrading fibrin ECM. The in vitro viscoelastic properties of the fibrin BAMs and deposition of collagen were characterized. BAMs engineered with the addition of proline, hydroxyproline, and ascorbic acid in the tissue culture medium had a twofold increase in Young’s Modulus, a 2.5-fold decrease in maximum strain, and a 1.6-fold increase in collagen deposition. Lowering the fibrin content of the BAMs also increased Young’s Modulus, decreased maximum strain, and increased collagen deposition. Tissue engineering of BAMs with autologous ECM may allow for prolonged in vivo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katherine DiSano
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Janet Shansky
- Department of Pathology, The Miriam Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Herman Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology, The Miriam Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Gholobova D, Gerard M, Decroix L, Desender L, Callewaert N, Annaert P, Thorrez L. Human tissue-engineered skeletal muscle: a novel 3D in vitro model for drug disposition and toxicity after intramuscular injection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12206. [PMID: 30111779 PMCID: PMC6093918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of laboratory-grown tissues, referred to as organoids, bio-artificial tissue or tissue-engineered constructs, is clearly expanding. We describe for the first time how engineered human muscles can be applied as a pre- or non-clinical model for intramuscular drug injection to further decrease and complement the use of in vivo animal studies. The human bio-artificial muscle (BAM) is formed in a seven day tissue engineering procedure during which human myoblasts fuse and differentiate to aligned myofibers in an extracellular matrix. The dimensions of the BAM constructs allow for injection and follow-up during several days after injection. A stereotactic setup allows controllable injection at multiple sites in the BAM. We injected several compounds; a dye, a hydrolysable compound, a reducible substrate and a wasp venom toxin. Afterwards, direct reflux, release and metabolism were assessed in the BAM constructs in comparison to 2D cell culture and isolated human muscle strips. Spectrophotometry and luminescence allowed to measure the release of the injected compounds and their metabolites over time. A release profile over 40 hours was observed in the BAM model in contrast to 2D cell culture, showing the capacity of the BAM model to function as a drug depot. We also determined compound toxicity on the BAMs by measuring creatine kinase release in the medium, which increased with increasing toxic insult. Taken together, we show that the BAM is an injectable human 3D cell culture model that can be used to measure release and metabolism of injected compounds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gholobova
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - M Gerard
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Decroix
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Human Physiology and Sportsmedicine, Building L, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Desender
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - N Callewaert
- AZ Groeninge, President Kennedylaan 4, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - P Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Khodabukus A, Prabhu N, Wang J, Bursac N. In Vitro Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models for Studying Muscle Physiology and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701498. [PMID: 29696831 PMCID: PMC6105407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skeletal muscle possesses the extraordinary ability to regenerate in response to small-scale injuries; however, this self-repair capacity becomes overwhelmed with aging, genetic myopathies, and large muscle loss. The failure of small animal models to accurately replicate human muscle disease, injury and to predict clinically-relevant drug responses has driven the development of high fidelity in vitro skeletal muscle models. Herein, the progress made and challenges ahead in engineering biomimetic human skeletal muscle tissues that can recapitulate muscle development, genetic diseases, regeneration, and drug response is discussed. Bioengineering approaches used to improve engineered muscle structure and function as well as the functionality of satellite cells to allow modeling muscle regeneration in vitro are also highlighted. Next, a historical overview on the generation of skeletal muscle cells and tissues from human pluripotent stem cells, and a discussion on the potential of these approaches to model and treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is provided. Finally, the need to integrate multiorgan microphysiological systems to generate improved drug discovery technologies with the potential to complement or supersede current preclinical animal models of muscle disease is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Neel Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
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Bersini S, Gilardi M, Mora M, Krol S, Arrigoni C, Candrian C, Zanotti S, Moretti M. Tackling muscle fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to next generation engineered models to predict drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018. [PMID: 29518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fibrosis represents the end stage consequence of different diseases, among which muscular dystrophies, leading to severe impairment of muscle functions. Muscle fibrosis involves the production of several growth factors, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes and is strictly associated to inflammatory processes. Moreover, fibrosis causes profound changes in tissue properties, including increased stiffness and density, lower pH and oxygenation. Up to now, there is no therapeutic approach able to counteract the fibrotic process and treatments directed against muscle pathologies are severely impaired by the harsh conditions of the fibrotic environment. The design of new therapeutics thus need innovative tools mimicking the obstacles posed by the fibrotic environment to their delivery. This review will critically discuss the role of in vivo and 3D in vitro models in this context and the characteristics that an ideal model should possess to help the translation from bench to bedside of new candidate anti-fibrotic agents.
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Young J, Margaron Y, Fernandes M, Duchemin-Pelletier E, Michaud J, Flaender M, Lorintiu O, Degot S, Poydenot P. MyoScreen, a High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening Platform Enabling Muscle Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:790-806. [PMID: 29498891 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218761102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the need for more effective drug treatments to address muscle atrophy and disease, physiologically accurate in vitro screening models and higher information content preclinical assays that aid in the discovery and development of novel therapies are lacking. To this end, MyoScreen was developed: a robust and versatile high-throughput high-content screening (HT/HCS) platform that integrates a physiologically and pharmacologically relevant micropatterned human primary skeletal muscle model with a panel of pertinent phenotypic and functional assays. MyoScreen myotubes form aligned, striated myofibers, and they show nerve-independent accumulation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) properties characteristic of adult skeletal muscle and contraction in response to chemical stimulation. Reproducibility and sensitivity of the fully automated MyoScreen platform are highlighted in assays that quantitatively measure myogenesis, hypertrophy and atrophy, AChR clusterization, and intracellular calcium release dynamics, as well as integrating contractility data. A primary screen of 2560 compounds to identify stimulators of myofiber regeneration and repair, followed by further biological characterization of two hits, validates MyoScreen for the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics. MyoScreen is an improvement of current in vitro muscle models, enabling a more predictive screening strategy for preclinical selection of the most efficacious new chemical entities earlier in the discovery pipeline process.
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Sapoznik E, Niu G, Zhou Y, Prim PM, Criswell TL, Soker S. A real-time monitoring platform of myogenesis regulators using double fluorescent labeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192654. [PMID: 29444187 PMCID: PMC5812636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time, quantitative measurement of muscle progenitor cell (myoblast) differentiation is an important tool for skeletal muscle research and identification of drugs that support skeletal muscle regeneration. While most quantitative tools rely on sacrificial approach, we developed a double fluorescent tagging approach, which allows for dynamic monitoring of myoblast differentiation through assessment of fusion index and nuclei count. Fluorescent tagging of both the cell cytoplasm and nucleus enables monitoring of cell fusion and the formation of new myotube fibers, similar to immunostaining results. This labeling approach allowed monitoring the effects of Myf5 overexpression, TNFα, and Wnt agonist on myoblast differentiation. It also enabled testing the effects of surface coating on the fusion levels of scaffold-seeded myoblasts. The double fluorescent labeling of myoblasts is a promising technique to visualize even minor changes in myogenesis of myoblasts in order to support applications such as tissue engineering and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etai Sapoznik
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guoguang Niu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Prim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lev R, Seliktar D. Hydrogel biomaterials and their therapeutic potential for muscle injuries and muscular dystrophies. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20170380. [PMID: 29343633 PMCID: PMC5805959 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular diseases such as muscular dystrophies and muscle injuries constitute a large group of ailments that manifest as muscle weakness, atrophy or fibrosis. Although cell therapy is a promising treatment option, the delivery and retention of cells in the muscle is difficult and prevents sustained regeneration needed for adequate functional improvements. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and chemical properties have been developed to improve the delivery of cells and/or growth factors for treating muscle injuries. Hydrogels are a family of materials with distinct advantages for use as cell delivery systems in muscle injuries and ailments, including their mild processing conditions, their similarities to natural tissue extracellular matrix, and their ability to be delivered with less invasive approaches. Moreover, hydrogels can be made to completely degrade in the body, leaving behind their biological payload in a process that can enhance the therapeutic process. For these reasons, hydrogels have shown great potential as cell delivery matrices. This paper reviews a few of the hydrogel systems currently being applied together with cell therapy and/or growth factor delivery to promote the therapeutic repair of muscle injuries and muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lev
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Ahadian S, Civitarese R, Bannerman D, Mohammadi MH, Lu R, Wang E, Davenport-Huyer L, Lai B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Mandla S, Korolj A, Radisic M. Organ-On-A-Chip Platforms: A Convergence of Advanced Materials, Cells, and Microscale Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29034591 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs, referred to as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, have emerged as a powerful tool in tissue analysis and disease modeling for biological and pharmacological applications. A variety of biomaterials are used in tissue fabrication providing multiple biological, structural, and mechanical cues in the regulation of cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. Cells derived from humans enable the fabrication of personalized OOC platforms. Microscale technologies are specifically helpful in providing physiological microenvironments for tissues and organs. In this review, biomaterials, cells, and microscale technologies are described as essential components to construct OOC platforms. The latest developments in OOC platforms (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac, cancer, lung, skin, bone, and brain) are then discussed as functional tools in simulating human physiology and metabolism. Future perspectives and major challenges in the development of OOC platforms toward accelerating clinical studies of drug discovery are finally highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Civitarese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Rick Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Erika Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Ben Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Serena Mandla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto M5S 3G9 Ontario Canada
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The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070753. [PMID: 28708126 PMCID: PMC5537867 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on physical capacity, body composition and the value of biochemical parameters in highly-trained combat sports athletes. Forty-two males highly-trained in combat sports were subjected to 12 weeks of supplementation with HMB and a placebo in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind crossover manner. Over the course of the experiment, aerobic and anaerobic capacity was determined, while analyses were conducted on body composition and levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, testosterone, cortisol and lactate. Following HMB supplementation, fat-free mass increased (p = 0.049) with a simultaneous reduction of fat mass (p = 0.016) in comparison to placebo. In turn, after HMB supplementation, the following indicators increased significantly in comparison to the placebo: the time to reach ventilatory threshold (p < 0.0001), threshold load (p = 0.017) and the threshold HR (p < 0.0001), as well as anaerobic peak power (p = 0.005), average power (p = 0.029), maximum speed (p < 0.001) and post-exercise lactate concentrations (p < 0.0001). However, when compared to the placebo, no differences were observed in blood marker levels. The results indicate that supplying HMB promotes advantageous changes in body composition and stimulates an increase in aerobic and anaerobic capacity in combat sports athletes.
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Shimizu K, Genma R, Gotou Y, Nagasaka S, Honda H. Three-Dimensional Culture Model of Skeletal Muscle Tissue with Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E56. [PMID: 28952535 PMCID: PMC5590463 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug screening systems for muscle atrophy based on the contractile force of cultured skeletal muscle tissues are required for the development of preventive or therapeutic drugs for atrophy. This study aims to develop a muscle atrophy model by inducing atrophy in normal muscle tissues constructed on microdevices capable of measuring the contractile force and to verify if this model is suitable for drug screening using the contractile force as an index. Tissue engineered skeletal muscles containing striated myotubes were prepared on the microdevices for the study. The addition of 100 µM dexamethasone (Dex), which is used as a muscle atrophy inducer, for 24 h reduced the contractile force significantly. An increase in the expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in the tissues treated with Dex was established. A decrease in the number of striated myotubes was also observed in the tissues treated with Dex. Treatment with 8 ng/mL Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I) for 24 h significantly increased the contractile force of the Dex-induced atrophic tissues. The same treatment, though, had no impact on the force of the normal tissues. Thus, it is envisaged that the atrophic skeletal muscle tissues induced by Dex can be used for drug screening against atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Riho Genma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yuuki Gotou
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Sumire Nagasaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Jagla K, Kalman B, Boudou T, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Beyond mice: Emerging and transdisciplinary models for the study of early-onset myopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ikeda K, Ito A, Imada R, Sato M, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. In vitro drug testing based on contractile activity of C2C12 cells in an epigenetic drug model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44570. [PMID: 28300163 PMCID: PMC5353687 DOI: 10.1038/srep44570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering holds great promise for pharmacological studies. Herein, we demonstrated an in vitro drug testing system using tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. In response to epigenetic drugs, myotube differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells was promoted in two-dimensional cell cultures, but the levels of contractile force generation of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs prepared by three-dimensional cell cultures were not correlated with the levels of myotube differentiation in two-dimensional cell cultures. In contrast, sarcomere formation and contractile activity in two-dimensional cell cultures were highly correlated with contractile force generation of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Among the epigenetic drugs tested, trichostatin A significantly improved contractile force generation of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Follistatin expression was also enhanced by trichostatin A treatment, suggesting the importance of follistatin in sarcomere formation of muscular tissues. These observations indicate that contractility data are indispensable for in vitro drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Imada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Sato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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46
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Shadrin IY, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Striated muscle function, regeneration, and repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4175-4202. [PMID: 27271751 PMCID: PMC5056123 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the only striated muscle tissues in the body, skeletal and cardiac muscle share numerous structural and functional characteristics, while exhibiting vastly different size and regenerative potential. Healthy skeletal muscle harbors a robust regenerative response that becomes inadequate after large muscle loss or in degenerative pathologies and aging. In contrast, the mammalian heart loses its regenerative capacity shortly after birth, leaving it susceptible to permanent damage by acute injury or chronic disease. In this review, we compare and contrast the physiology and regenerative potential of native skeletal and cardiac muscles, mechanisms underlying striated muscle dysfunction, and bioengineering strategies to treat muscle disorders. We focus on different sources for cellular therapy, biomaterials to augment the endogenous regenerative response, and progress in engineering and application of mature striated muscle tissues in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in translating muscle bioengineering strategies to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Shadrin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA
| | - A Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA
| | - N Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 3000 Science Drive, Hudson Hall 136, Durham, NC, 27708-90281, USA.
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Spinazzola JM, Kunkel LM. Pharmacological therapeutics targeting the secondary defects and downstream pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016; 4:1179-1194. [PMID: 28670506 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1240613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the identification of the dystrophin gene in 1986, a cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has yet to be discovered. Presently, there are a number of genetic-based therapies in development aimed at restoration and/or repair of the primary defect. However, growing understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of dystrophin absence has revealed several promising downstream targets for the development of therapeutics. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss various strategies for DMD therapy targeting downstream consequences of dystrophin absence including loss of muscle mass, inflammation, fibrosis, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and ischemia. The rationale of each approach and the efficacy of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. EXPERT OPINION For the last 30 years, effective DMD drug therapy has been limited to corticosteroids, which are associated with a number of negative side effects. Our knowledge of the consequences of dystrophin absence that contribute to DMD pathology has revealed several potential therapeutic targets. Some of these approaches may have potential to improve or slow disease progression independently or in combination with genetic-based approaches. The applicability of these pharmacological therapies to DMD patients irrespective of their genetic mutation, as well as the potential benefits even for advanced stage patients warrants their continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Spinazzola
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115.,The Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,The Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Chal J, Al Tanoury Z, Hestin M, Gobert B, Aivio S, Hick A, Cherrier T, Nesmith AP, Parker KK, Pourquié O. Generation of human muscle fibers and satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1833-50. [PMID: 27583644 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progress toward finding a cure for muscle diseases has been slow because of the absence of relevant cellular models and the lack of a reliable source of muscle progenitors for biomedical investigation. Here we report an optimized serum-free differentiation protocol to efficiently produce striated, millimeter-long muscle fibers together with satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. By mimicking key signaling events leading to muscle formation in the embryo, in particular the dual modulation of Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway signaling, this directed differentiation protocol avoids the requirement for genetic modifications or cell sorting. Robust myogenesis can be achieved in vitro within 1 month by personnel experienced in hPSC culture. The differentiating culture can be subcultured to produce large amounts of myogenic progenitors amenable to numerous downstream applications. Beyond the study of myogenesis, this differentiation method offers an attractive platform for the development of relevant in vitro models of muscle dystrophies and drug screening strategies, as well as providing a source of cells for tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie Hestin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bénédicte Gobert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Suvi Aivio
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aurore Hick
- Anagenesis Biotechnologies, Parc d'innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thomas Cherrier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexander P Nesmith
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin K Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaireet Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sustained Depolarization of the Resting Membrane Potential Regulates Muscle Progenitor Cell Growth and Maintains Stem Cell Properties In Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:634-644. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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